0:00:05 > 0:00:08# If you've got a question and you don't know where to go
0:00:08 > 0:00:11# Ask Nina for some help cos she's got a science show
0:00:11 > 0:00:14# She makes sense of her senses by helping all her fans
0:00:14 > 0:00:17# By doing her experiments with potions and with bangs
0:00:17 > 0:00:19- # Tough your tongue - Tongue
0:00:19 > 0:00:20- # Fingers - Fingers
0:00:20 > 0:00:21- # Eyes - Eyes
0:00:21 > 0:00:22- # Ears - Ears
0:00:22 > 0:00:23- # Nose - Nose
0:00:23 > 0:00:26# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know
0:00:26 > 0:00:29# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know
0:00:29 > 0:00:32# Luke he helps us with our eyes and Felix with our touch
0:00:32 > 0:00:35# Ollie sniffs out smells and scents and Belle she hears so much
0:00:35 > 0:00:38# Bud is Ollie's brother he helps us with our taste
0:00:38 > 0:00:41# They're Nina's little Neurons and they're coming to your place
0:00:41 > 0:00:43- # Touch your tongue - Tongue
0:00:43 > 0:00:44- # Fingers - Fingers
0:00:44 > 0:00:45- # Eyes - Eyes
0:00:45 > 0:00:46- # Ears - Ears
0:00:46 > 0:00:47- # Nose - Nose
0:00:47 > 0:00:50# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know
0:00:50 > 0:00:53# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know
0:00:53 > 0:00:54# Oh, yeah! #
0:00:56 > 0:00:59Hello, I'm having a bit of a barbecue outside later
0:00:59 > 0:01:02and I'm just checking I've got everything.
0:01:02 > 0:01:06Oh, and this is charcoal. I'll burn the charcoal to heat my food.
0:01:06 > 0:01:07Oh, I can't wait!
0:01:07 > 0:01:10Cooking and eating outside is so exciting.
0:01:10 > 0:01:12ALARM BEEPS
0:01:12 > 0:01:16I hear a beep, I see a flash, I wonder what they're going to ask.
0:01:21 > 0:01:23ALL: Hi, Nina!
0:01:23 > 0:01:24Hi!
0:01:24 > 0:01:26We've got a question for you.
0:01:26 > 0:01:28Where does coal come from?
0:01:28 > 0:01:30That's a great question.
0:01:30 > 0:01:32Where does coal come from?
0:01:32 > 0:01:34We use coal in our fires for heat,
0:01:34 > 0:01:37it's a bit like the charcoal in my barbecue.
0:01:37 > 0:01:39Where does it actually come from?
0:01:39 > 0:01:42Come down to my workshop and we'll investigate?
0:01:42 > 0:01:45ALL: See you soon, Nina. Bye!
0:01:45 > 0:01:46Bye.
0:01:46 > 0:01:49Well, I'm going to need some help to answer this one
0:01:49 > 0:01:51and I know just who to ask.
0:01:51 > 0:01:53OK, Neurons, time to get to work.
0:02:07 > 0:02:09ALL: Neurons at the ready, Nina.
0:02:11 > 0:02:14Today's question is - where does coal come from?
0:02:14 > 0:02:16Which Neuron do you think will be most useful
0:02:16 > 0:02:19in helping us find the answer?
0:02:19 > 0:02:20ALL: Me! Me! Me!
0:02:20 > 0:02:23Will it be fabulous Felix?
0:02:23 > 0:02:27I can help so very much, if you need the sense of touch.
0:02:27 > 0:02:29Will it be beautiful Belle?
0:02:29 > 0:02:31I send messages to brain from ear,
0:02:31 > 0:02:33if there's a sound, I'll help you hear.
0:02:33 > 0:02:35Will it be lovely Luke?
0:02:35 > 0:02:37For looking and seeing day or night,
0:02:37 > 0:02:40I'll help you with your sense of sight.
0:02:40 > 0:02:42Will it be awesome Ollie?
0:02:42 > 0:02:45If it's pongy or whiffy, but you can't tell,
0:02:45 > 0:02:47my messages help your sense of smell.
0:02:47 > 0:02:49Or will it be baby Bud?
0:02:49 > 0:02:53Sour, salty, bitter or sweet, I'm your taste buddy whenever you eat.
0:02:58 > 0:02:59It's Ollie!
0:03:00 > 0:03:02ALL: Go Ollie! Go Ollie!
0:03:08 > 0:03:11Standing by to smell and tell, Nina.
0:03:11 > 0:03:14Today's question is - where does coal come from?
0:03:14 > 0:03:17Because we can smell coal when it burns,
0:03:17 > 0:03:20Ollie will be helping us today, but stand by, Neurons,
0:03:20 > 0:03:23I have a feeling I may need help from all of you.
0:03:23 > 0:03:27I need to get the workshop ready before the Explorers arrive.
0:03:27 > 0:03:30Jaden loves breakdancing.
0:03:30 > 0:03:32Mia loves eating fishcakes.
0:03:32 > 0:03:35And Cameron loves his cat Whiskers,
0:03:35 > 0:03:38but all they all want to know - where does coal come from?
0:03:38 > 0:03:40Coal is black.
0:03:40 > 0:03:41Coal looks like a rock.
0:03:41 > 0:03:43What is coal?
0:03:46 > 0:03:48So for today, for one day only,
0:03:48 > 0:03:51Jaden, Mia and Cameron become the Explorers!
0:03:57 > 0:04:00- Hi, guys. - ALL: Hi, Nina.
0:04:00 > 0:04:03Welcome and thank you for your great question -
0:04:03 > 0:04:05where does coal come from?
0:04:05 > 0:04:08To find out the answer, let's start by using our senses.
0:04:08 > 0:04:12ALL: Whoop-wooh! A senses experiment. We're ready, Nina.
0:04:12 > 0:04:16First, let's find out more about what coal is
0:04:16 > 0:04:18by having a look at some coal.
0:04:18 > 0:04:22You've got some in front of you there. Let's have a feel.
0:04:28 > 0:04:30Another messy experiment.
0:04:30 > 0:04:33It is a bit dirty, sorry, Felix.
0:04:33 > 0:04:35- What do they feel like? - Hard.
0:04:35 > 0:04:37Yes, it is quite hard, isn't it?
0:04:37 > 0:04:40And that's because coal is actually black rock.
0:04:40 > 0:04:44Coal is a rock, Nina? Well, I never.
0:04:44 > 0:04:46Yes, Felix, coal is a black rock.
0:04:46 > 0:04:48It's a bit like charcoal,
0:04:48 > 0:04:51although charcoal is a special type of wood,
0:04:51 > 0:04:54but they both can be burnt to make heat in the same way.
0:04:54 > 0:04:58And when coal burns, you can smell it.
0:04:58 > 0:04:59Years and years ago,
0:04:59 > 0:05:03a lot of people had a coal fire in their house to keep them warm.
0:05:03 > 0:05:07Coal is also used in factories and in steam trains.
0:05:07 > 0:05:10But today, coal is mostly used by power stations
0:05:10 > 0:05:12to make electricity for our homes.
0:05:12 > 0:05:14Where does coal come from, Nina?
0:05:14 > 0:05:16Let's find out.
0:05:16 > 0:05:22- Hands, Nina.- Oh, thanks, Felix, better clean our hands first.
0:05:25 > 0:05:29Here we have some crunchy snacks, but they're not for eating.
0:05:29 > 0:05:31Oh, Nina!
0:05:31 > 0:05:32Sorry, Bud.
0:05:32 > 0:05:36Instead we're going to pretend they're small trees
0:05:36 > 0:05:41that have died and fallen over and piled up on top of each other.
0:05:41 > 0:05:45I'm going to put this block on here like it's heavy mud.
0:05:45 > 0:05:46Let's cover the trees.
0:05:46 > 0:05:51Let's see what happens if I squash our pretend trees really hard.
0:05:51 > 0:05:53Here we go.
0:06:02 > 0:06:05Oh, I think they should be squashed enough.
0:06:05 > 0:06:07- Shall we have a look? - ALL: Yeah!
0:06:07 > 0:06:08Here we go.
0:06:14 > 0:06:18What do our pretend trees look like now?
0:06:18 > 0:06:19A big clump.
0:06:19 > 0:06:21Yes, they are in a big, hard lump.
0:06:21 > 0:06:25And they take up a lot less room now they've been squashed.
0:06:25 > 0:06:27And coal is made in the same way.
0:06:29 > 0:06:32Many years ago, before there were dinosaurs,
0:06:32 > 0:06:36there were lots of plants and trees that grew in wet, muddy fields.
0:06:36 > 0:06:39Eventually those plants and trees died
0:06:39 > 0:06:42and they got covered in lots of dirt and mud
0:06:42 > 0:06:46and over years and years and years the heavy mud squashed
0:06:46 > 0:06:50the dead plants until they turned into black rock.
0:06:50 > 0:06:51And that's what coal is.
0:06:51 > 0:06:56Here we have some dead plants and if they got squashed underground
0:06:56 > 0:07:00for a really long time, they become like this...
0:07:00 > 0:07:04And after a really long time being squashed
0:07:04 > 0:07:06they turn into rock like this...
0:07:06 > 0:07:08Coal.
0:07:08 > 0:07:10People don't make coal.
0:07:10 > 0:07:13It's made underground as part of the world around us.
0:07:13 > 0:07:15But it takes so long for coal to form
0:07:15 > 0:07:19that we need to be careful how much we use as it could run out.
0:07:19 > 0:07:23Today, we're trying to use other things to make electricity
0:07:23 > 0:07:25like wind or sunlight or even waves.
0:07:25 > 0:07:28How do they get coal from underground?
0:07:28 > 0:07:30That's a great question.
0:07:30 > 0:07:33Well, let's go somewhere a bit darker to find out.
0:07:37 > 0:07:40Where do you think we're going today?
0:07:40 > 0:07:43Nina said we're going somewhere darker.
0:07:43 > 0:07:45Not too dark, I hope.
0:07:45 > 0:07:47We'll not be able to see a thing.
0:07:47 > 0:07:50I'm sure Nina's brought a torch.
0:07:50 > 0:07:52She's always very prepared.
0:07:52 > 0:07:53A bit like myself.
0:07:53 > 0:07:55Look, everyone, we're here.
0:07:55 > 0:07:59In order to find out more about where coal comes from,
0:07:59 > 0:08:02we've come here to a coal mine which is a place where
0:08:02 > 0:08:04they dig things out of the ground.
0:08:04 > 0:08:07People who work in a mine are called miners.
0:08:07 > 0:08:10There are lots of different types of mine.
0:08:10 > 0:08:13This used to be a coal mine, but it's now a museum.
0:08:13 > 0:08:17We've got permission, but you should never go underground on your own
0:08:17 > 0:08:19because it could be dangerous.
0:08:19 > 0:08:23- Are you ready to go down the mine? - ALL: Yeah!- Let's go.
0:08:37 > 0:08:41We're here in the coal mine really deep underground.
0:08:41 > 0:08:44Let's see what it's like if we turn our lights off.
0:08:48 > 0:08:50Where did everyone go?
0:08:50 > 0:08:51Hello!
0:08:51 > 0:08:56Don't worry, little Bud, they're there. It's just very, very dark.
0:08:56 > 0:08:58It's so dark.
0:08:58 > 0:09:02This is so far underground that the sunlight can't get down here,
0:09:02 > 0:09:05so miners bring lights with them so they can see.
0:09:05 > 0:09:07Let's put our lights back on.
0:09:09 > 0:09:12Oh, that's much better. Let's go and explore!
0:09:46 > 0:09:47That was great fun.
0:09:47 > 0:09:50People have been mining coal for hundreds of years
0:09:50 > 0:09:55and miners used to use tools like these to dig out the coal by hand.
0:09:55 > 0:09:58- Do you remember seeing the rail tracks underground?- ALL: Yes.
0:09:58 > 0:10:03Once the miners dug the coal out, they put it into carts like these to
0:10:03 > 0:10:07move it above ground and they would use these tracks to move the carts.
0:10:07 > 0:10:10But today, miners use machines to help them.
0:10:10 > 0:10:13But getting coal is very dirty and difficult work.
0:10:13 > 0:10:17We can't see coal because it's underground,
0:10:17 > 0:10:20how do people know where to dig?
0:10:20 > 0:10:24That's a great question, Luke, let's go this way to find out.
0:10:27 > 0:10:30This is our pretend ground.
0:10:30 > 0:10:34Underneath the ground you can see there's lots of different layers
0:10:34 > 0:10:37of different types of rock, soil and sand.
0:10:37 > 0:10:41But on top of the ground, where we are, we can't see the layers.
0:10:41 > 0:10:45But if we were to see underground, it would look like this.
0:10:45 > 0:10:47Can you see any coal?
0:10:47 > 0:10:48Yes, there.
0:10:48 > 0:10:49Yes.
0:10:49 > 0:10:54It looks like a nice layer of black coal. It looks quite far down.
0:10:54 > 0:10:56How do scientists know it's there?
0:10:56 > 0:10:59They would use special equipment that looked
0:10:59 > 0:11:01a bit like this long tube.
0:11:01 > 0:11:04They push it into the ground to check what
0:11:04 > 0:11:07the layers are like underneath. Shall we have a look?
0:11:09 > 0:11:11Hey, what can you see?
0:11:11 > 0:11:13Lots of layers.
0:11:13 > 0:11:15- What's that? - Coal.
0:11:15 > 0:11:17Yay, we've found coal!
0:11:18 > 0:11:21So we know this is a good place to dig
0:11:21 > 0:11:24and we'd also know how far down the coal is.
0:11:24 > 0:11:26Scientists do the same thing -
0:11:26 > 0:11:30they pull out a very long thin bit of earth, like this,
0:11:30 > 0:11:34so they can see what the layers are like underneath the ground.
0:11:34 > 0:11:36But this is just our pretend earth.
0:11:36 > 0:11:39Scientists dig much further down that this.
0:11:39 > 0:11:41Coal isn't found in many places,
0:11:41 > 0:11:44so it's important you know it's there before digging.
0:11:47 > 0:11:50Your question was - where does coal come from?
0:11:50 > 0:11:53And I think we've answered it.
0:11:53 > 0:11:55Coal is a black rock.
0:11:55 > 0:11:58It's formed when lots of trees
0:11:58 > 0:12:03and plants get squashed for a really long time underground
0:12:03 > 0:12:05until they become rock.
0:12:05 > 0:12:08Coal is dug out of the ground in mines.
0:12:08 > 0:12:13Scientists pull up a long bit of earth, if they find coal,
0:12:13 > 0:12:15they know exactly where to dig.
0:12:15 > 0:12:17I hope that's answered your question.
0:12:17 > 0:12:19ALL: Thanks, Nina. Bye!
0:12:19 > 0:12:21You're welcome. Bye.
0:12:24 > 0:12:28If you want to know more about the science all around us,
0:12:28 > 0:12:32go to the Nina's section on the CBeebies website. Have fun.
0:12:32 > 0:12:38# Everyday the sun comes up, it brightens up the sky
0:12:38 > 0:12:42# A brand-new day to understand, a chance to ask ourselves why?
0:12:42 > 0:12:44# Why
0:12:44 > 0:12:49# There's a world of possibilities outside our front door
0:12:50 > 0:12:55# So everyday take a look around and explore
0:12:57 > 0:12:59# Exploring in the garden
0:12:59 > 0:13:00# Rocks
0:13:00 > 0:13:02# Exploring in the park
0:13:02 > 0:13:03# Rivers
0:13:03 > 0:13:05# Exploring in the day time
0:13:05 > 0:13:06# Mountains
0:13:06 > 0:13:08# And even when it's dark
0:13:08 > 0:13:09# Planets
0:13:09 > 0:13:12# Look at the earth, look at the sky
0:13:12 > 0:13:14# Look at the world before us
0:13:17 > 0:13:19# We're always on the lookout
0:13:19 > 0:13:22# We're Earth Explorers!
0:13:23 > 0:13:25# We're Earth Explorers!
0:13:26 > 0:13:28# We're Earth Explorers! #
0:13:29 > 0:13:34Exploring is about looking at the world around us, asking why
0:13:34 > 0:13:35and finding out the answer.
0:13:35 > 0:13:39Whether it's deep underground, at the end of your playground
0:13:39 > 0:13:43or way up above the clouds, let's keep exploring our exciting world.
0:13:43 > 0:13:46- See you again soon. Bye. - ALL: Bye!
0:13:46 > 0:13:50Subtitles by Red Bee Media Ltd