0:00:05 > 0:00:08# If you've got a question and you don't know where to go
0:00:08 > 0:00:12# Ask Nina for some help Cos she's got a science show
0:00:12 > 0:00:14# She makes sense of her senses While helping all her fans
0:00:14 > 0:00:17# By doing her experiments with potions and with bangs
0:00:17 > 0:00:19- # Touch your tongue - Tongue
0:00:19 > 0:00:20- # Fingers - Fingers
0:00:20 > 0:00:22- # Eyes- Eyes - Ears- Ears
0:00:22 > 0:00:23- # Nose- Nose
0:00:23 > 0:00:26# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know
0:00:26 > 0:00:29# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know
0:00:29 > 0:00:32# Luke he helps us with our eyes and Felix with our touch
0:00:32 > 0:00:36# Ollie sniffs out smells and scents and Belle she hears so much
0:00:36 > 0:00:38# Bud is Ollie's brother he helps us with our taste
0:00:38 > 0:00:41# They're Nina's little Neurons and they're coming to your place
0:00:41 > 0:00:43- # Touch your tongue - Tongue
0:00:43 > 0:00:44- # Fingers- Fingers
0:00:44 > 0:00:46- # Eyes- Eyes - Ears- Ears
0:00:46 > 0:00:47- # Nose- Nose
0:00:47 > 0:00:50- # Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know- Yeah!
0:00:50 > 0:00:53# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know
0:00:53 > 0:00:55# Oh, yeah! #
0:00:57 > 0:01:00Oh, yay. Oh, hello.
0:01:00 > 0:01:03I've just boiled egg and I knew how long to boil it for
0:01:03 > 0:01:05because I used this egg timer.
0:01:05 > 0:01:09You turn it over, and when all the grains of sand have
0:01:09 > 0:01:12run from the top to the bottom, your egg is ready.
0:01:12 > 0:01:16It's very clever. And now I have the perfect egg.
0:01:16 > 0:01:18BEEPING
0:01:18 > 0:01:21I hear a beep, I see a flash, I wonder what they're going to ask?
0:01:27 > 0:01:29- ALL: Hi, Nina.- Hi.
0:01:29 > 0:01:34- We've got a question for you. - How are sand dunes made?
0:01:34 > 0:01:37That's a great question. How are sand dunes made?
0:01:37 > 0:01:42We sometimes see sand dunes at the beach, and they're fun to climb up,
0:01:42 > 0:01:43but how are they made?
0:01:43 > 0:01:46Come down to my workshop and we'll investigate.
0:01:46 > 0:01:51- ALL: See you soon, Nina. Bye.- Bye.
0:01:51 > 0:01:54Well, I'm going to need some help to answer this one
0:01:54 > 0:01:59and I know just who to ask. OK, Neurons, time to get to work.
0:02:13 > 0:02:16Neurons at the ready, Nina.
0:02:16 > 0:02:20OK, today's question is, how are sand dunes made?
0:02:20 > 0:02:24Which Neuron do you think would be most useful in finding the answer?
0:02:24 > 0:02:26- ALL:- Me, me, me, me.
0:02:26 > 0:02:29Will it be fabulous Felix?
0:02:29 > 0:02:33I can help so very much if you need the sense of touch.
0:02:33 > 0:02:38- Will it be beautiful Belle? - I send messages to brain from ear.
0:02:38 > 0:02:40If there's a sound, I'll help you hear.
0:02:40 > 0:02:41Will it be lovely Luke?
0:02:41 > 0:02:44For looking and seeing, day or night,
0:02:44 > 0:02:47I'll help you with your sense of sight.
0:02:47 > 0:02:48Will it be awesome Ollie?
0:02:48 > 0:02:51If it's pongy or whiffy and you can't tell,
0:02:51 > 0:02:55- my messages help your sense of smell. - Or will it be baby Bud?
0:02:55 > 0:02:57Sour, salty, bitter or sweet,
0:02:57 > 0:03:00I'm your taste buddy whenever you eat.
0:03:04 > 0:03:06It's Felix.
0:03:06 > 0:03:14ALL: Go Felix, go Felix, go Felix, go Felix, go Felix, go Felix!
0:03:14 > 0:03:15Marvellous.
0:03:15 > 0:03:18A little touch can mean so much, Nina.
0:03:18 > 0:03:21Today's question is how are sand dunes made?
0:03:21 > 0:03:23Because sand feels lovely on our feet,
0:03:23 > 0:03:26Felix, our touch Neuron, will be helping us today.
0:03:26 > 0:03:29Stand by, Neurons, I may need help from all of you.
0:03:29 > 0:03:35I need to get the workshop ready before the explorers arrive.
0:03:35 > 0:03:39Joanna likes ponies, May likes pretending to be a princess
0:03:39 > 0:03:41and Jamila loves being pushed on a swing,
0:03:41 > 0:03:44but they all want to know, how are sand dunes made?
0:03:44 > 0:03:46I like playing with sand.
0:03:46 > 0:03:50Sometimes it's flat, sometimes it's bumpy.
0:03:50 > 0:03:53What are sand dunes?
0:03:53 > 0:03:57So today, for one day only, Joanna, May and Jamila become
0:03:57 > 0:03:58the explorers.
0:04:02 > 0:04:04- Hi, guys.- ALL: Hi, Nina.
0:04:04 > 0:04:08Welcome to my workshop and thank you for your great question.
0:04:08 > 0:04:12How are sand dunes made? Let's start by using our senses.
0:04:12 > 0:04:16Woo, woo, a senses experiment. We're ready, Nina.
0:04:16 > 0:04:19To find out more about sand dunes, first,
0:04:19 > 0:04:22let's take a look at some sand.
0:04:22 > 0:04:26Let's have a look at it. Let's have a feel.
0:04:26 > 0:04:30- What does it feel like?- Gritty. - Yes, it does feel gritty.
0:04:30 > 0:04:33I wonder what it looks like under the Nina-cam.
0:04:35 > 0:04:38It looks like tiny rocks.
0:04:38 > 0:04:43It does and that's because sand is actually tiny bits of rock.
0:04:43 > 0:04:46Now, let's have a look at these pictures of some sand dunes.
0:04:46 > 0:04:50Someone must have needed a giant bucket and spade to make that.
0:04:50 > 0:04:55- How are they made?- Let's try and make our own sand dunes to find out.
0:04:57 > 0:05:02- So here we have some sand and is it bumpy or flat?- Flat.
0:05:02 > 0:05:06Yes, at the moment, it's flat. There are no sand dunes.
0:05:06 > 0:05:10So we need something to move the sand and blow it into a sand dune.
0:05:10 > 0:05:15- So, what would normally blow sand outside?- Wind.- Yes, wind.
0:05:15 > 0:05:17But we're inside, so we don't have any wind
0:05:17 > 0:05:20but we do have these hairdryers.
0:05:20 > 0:05:21Time to turn them on.
0:05:33 > 0:05:38The sand is really being blown about by our pretend wind.
0:05:38 > 0:05:40Time to turn it off.
0:05:40 > 0:05:43Let's have a look at the sand. What can you see?
0:05:43 > 0:05:45Tiny sand dunes.
0:05:45 > 0:05:50Yes, our pretend wind has blown the sand and moved it.
0:05:50 > 0:05:55But some of the sand has got stuck around tiny stones
0:05:55 > 0:06:00and made bumpy dunes. Real sand dunes are made in the same way.
0:06:00 > 0:06:04A gigantic sand dune bigger than a building starts off
0:06:04 > 0:06:07as a little bump around tiny stones just like this.
0:06:07 > 0:06:10How big can a sand dune get, Nina?
0:06:10 > 0:06:13Well, let's go somewhere really sandy to find out.
0:06:16 > 0:06:20On the road again. I really enjoy our trips with Nina.
0:06:20 > 0:06:23Nina said we're going somewhere really sandy.
0:06:23 > 0:06:28Oh, oh, maybe we're going to play in a giant sandpit.
0:06:28 > 0:06:32Or taking a trip to the desert. There's nothing but sand there.
0:06:32 > 0:06:37Well, you can stop guessing, everyone. We're here.
0:06:37 > 0:06:41In order to answer your question - how are sand dunes made? -
0:06:41 > 0:06:44we've come to somewhere really sandy. The beach.
0:06:44 > 0:06:45ALL: Yay.
0:06:45 > 0:06:49So far, we know that sand dunes are big mounds of sand that have been
0:06:49 > 0:06:54blown by the wind and we also know that they can get very, very big.
0:06:54 > 0:06:58But just how big? Have a look at this one.
0:07:00 > 0:07:03- It's really big. - Shall we run up it?
0:07:03 > 0:07:05- ALL:- Yes.
0:07:13 > 0:07:15Remember, sand dunes are fun
0:07:15 > 0:07:19but make sure you've always got an adult with you when you play on them.
0:07:19 > 0:07:23If there's a path on a sand dune, you should stay on it
0:07:23 > 0:07:26because it helps protect the sand dune.
0:07:33 > 0:07:39Oh! This really is a big sand dune.
0:07:39 > 0:07:43Now, can you put your hands onto the sand for me?
0:07:43 > 0:07:48- Can you feel the sand being blown and moving around your hands?- Yes.
0:07:48 > 0:07:52Just like our experiment in the workshop, the wind is blowing
0:07:52 > 0:07:55the sand from the beach and making this big sand dune.
0:07:55 > 0:08:00- Why is the sand dune so big, Nina? - That's a great question.
0:08:00 > 0:08:04Well, let's do an experiment to find out right after
0:08:04 > 0:08:05we run back down again.
0:08:05 > 0:08:09We know this is a safe sand dune, so it is OK to run down it.
0:08:09 > 0:08:10- Are you ready?- Yes.
0:08:17 > 0:08:21So we're going to try and make the biggest sand dune we can.
0:08:21 > 0:08:26- So, what do we need to make a sand dune?- Sand and wind.- That's right.
0:08:26 > 0:08:30And we've got plenty of sand, we just need some more wind.
0:08:30 > 0:08:36Oh, I know, we can pretend our hands are the wind moving the sand.
0:08:36 > 0:08:41Whoosh, whoosh, whoosh.
0:08:49 > 0:08:52Well, the sand dunes aren't getting very big.
0:08:52 > 0:08:58- The sand keeps falling down the sides.- All fall down!
0:08:58 > 0:08:59Well done, everyone,
0:08:59 > 0:09:04but our sand dune didn't get quite as big as that sand dune, did it?
0:09:04 > 0:09:10- No.- No, and that's because the sand on our dune kept falling down.
0:09:10 > 0:09:11Have a look at this.
0:09:12 > 0:09:16When the wind blows sand onto a real dune, it gets bigger.
0:09:16 > 0:09:20The back of the dune gets more sloped than the front of the dune
0:09:20 > 0:09:25and eventually, the sand at the back falls down.
0:09:25 > 0:09:29Have a look at the sand dunes on the tablet.
0:09:29 > 0:09:33- What do you notice?- They move.
0:09:33 > 0:09:37Yes, they get bigger and bigger and more and more sloped
0:09:37 > 0:09:40and eventually, the back of the dune falls down.
0:09:40 > 0:09:44There must be something stopping the sand on that big dune
0:09:44 > 0:09:45from falling down.
0:09:45 > 0:09:48What do you notice at the top of the sand dune?
0:09:48 > 0:09:50- ALL: Grass.- That's right.
0:09:50 > 0:09:54There's grass growing at the top of the sand dune.
0:09:54 > 0:09:57So maybe that makes that sand dune a bit different.
0:09:57 > 0:10:01Let's go back to the workshop for one final experiment to find out.
0:10:03 > 0:10:06We all have two trays in front of us
0:10:06 > 0:10:10and they both have sand in them, but one has cress growing in it,
0:10:10 > 0:10:13a bit like the grass growing on the sand dune we saw.
0:10:13 > 0:10:15We can see there's grass growing on the top
0:10:15 > 0:10:17and there's grass at the back.
0:10:17 > 0:10:21We're going to tip up our trays so they look like the bigger slope
0:10:21 > 0:10:23at the back of a sand dune.
0:10:23 > 0:10:27What do you think will happen to the tray with the sand in it?
0:10:27 > 0:10:32- It'll fall down. - Well, let's see.
0:10:36 > 0:10:41Tipping it up higher and higher, well done, you were right.
0:10:41 > 0:10:44The sand has moved and it's fallen down.
0:10:44 > 0:10:47So pop your trays back down, girls.
0:10:47 > 0:10:51Now, let's tip up the tray with the cress growing in the sand. OK?
0:10:51 > 0:10:53On to the cress.
0:10:56 > 0:10:58Higher.
0:11:00 > 0:11:03- Wow!- Well, that's amazing.
0:11:03 > 0:11:06It stayed in exactly the same place.
0:11:06 > 0:11:10The sand hasn't moved at all, and that's because the cress plants
0:11:10 > 0:11:15are keeping it still, so it doesn't fall down.
0:11:15 > 0:11:21All plants have roots like these, so they can grow. And plant roots
0:11:21 > 0:11:24become really tangled and they stop the sand from moving.
0:11:24 > 0:11:28That's why the big sand dune that we saw hadn't moved at all.
0:11:28 > 0:11:35Wow, plants are really strong. They can hold a giant sand dune up.
0:11:35 > 0:11:37Well, their roots can, Bud.
0:11:37 > 0:11:41Sometimes people plant things in sand dunes
0:11:41 > 0:11:44to stop them moving so they stay on the beach. Lots of animals
0:11:44 > 0:11:49and creatures live on sand dunes, so it's important that we protect them.
0:11:49 > 0:11:53# Nina and the Neurons. #
0:11:53 > 0:11:57So, your question was, how are sand dunes made?
0:11:57 > 0:11:59And I think we've answered it.
0:11:59 > 0:12:03Sand dunes are big mounds of sand that have been blown by the wind.
0:12:03 > 0:12:07The more the wind blows, the higher the sand dunes get.
0:12:07 > 0:12:08As the dune grows,
0:12:08 > 0:12:12the sand at the back falls down and the sand dune moves along.
0:12:12 > 0:12:16But plants growing on sand dunes can stop them from moving.
0:12:16 > 0:12:19Which means the sand dunes stay where they are
0:12:19 > 0:12:23and we can enjoy them. Hooray!
0:12:23 > 0:12:25So, I hope that's answered your question.
0:12:25 > 0:12:28ALL: Thanks, Nina. Bye.
0:12:28 > 0:12:30You're welcome, bye.
0:12:34 > 0:12:38If you want to know more about the science that's all around us,
0:12:38 > 0:12:41go to the Nina section on the CBeebies website. Have fun.
0:12:41 > 0:12:46# Every day the sun comes up it brightens up the sky
0:12:46 > 0:12:49# A brand-new day to understand
0:12:49 > 0:12:53- # A chance to ask ourselves why - Why?
0:12:53 > 0:12:59- # There's a world of possibilities outside our front door- Front door
0:12:59 > 0:13:03# So every day take a look around and explore
0:13:03 > 0:13:06- # Explore,- explore,- explore - explore
0:13:06 > 0:13:13- # Exploring in the garden- Grass - exploring in the park- Rivers
0:13:13 > 0:13:18- # Exploring in the daytime- Mountains - And even when it's dark- Planets
0:13:18 > 0:13:23# Look at the Earth look at the sky Look at the world before us
0:13:23 > 0:13:26- # Explore,- explore,- explore,- explore
0:13:26 > 0:13:29# We're always on the lookout
0:13:29 > 0:13:32- # We're Earth explorers - O-oh o-oh
0:13:32 > 0:13:35- # We're Earth explorers - O-oh o-oh
0:13:35 > 0:13:37# We're Earth explorers. #
0:13:39 > 0:13:42Exploring is about looking at the world around us,
0:13:42 > 0:13:44asking why and finding out the answer.
0:13:44 > 0:13:48Whether it's deep underground, at the end of your playground
0:13:48 > 0:13:52or way above the clouds, keep exploring our exciting world.
0:13:52 > 0:13:55See you again soon. Bye.
0:13:55 > 0:13:56ALL: Bye.
0:13:56 > 0:13:59Subtitles by Red Bee Media Ltd