0:00:05 > 0:00:08# If you've got a question and you don't know where to go
0:00:08 > 0:00:11# Ask Nina for some help Cos she's got a science show
0:00:11 > 0:00:15# She makes sense of her senses While helping all her fans
0:00:15 > 0:00:18# By doing her experiments with potions and with bangs
0:00:18 > 0:00:21- # Touch your tongue- Tongue - Fingers- Fingers
0:00:21 > 0:00:22- # Eyes- Eyes - Ears- Ears
0:00:22 > 0:00:23- # Nose- Nose
0:00:23 > 0:00:26# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know
0:00:26 > 0:00:29# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know
0:00:29 > 0:00:32# Luke he helps us with our eyes and Felix with our touch
0:00:32 > 0:00:36# Ollie sniffs out smells and scents and Belle she hears so much
0:00:36 > 0:00:39# Bud is Ollie's brother he helps us with our taste
0:00:39 > 0:00:41# They're Nina's little Neurons and they're coming to your place
0:00:41 > 0:00:43- # Touch your tongue- Tongue
0:00:43 > 0:00:44- # Fingers- Fingers
0:00:44 > 0:00:46- # Eyes- Eyes - Ears- Ears
0:00:46 > 0:00:47- # Nose- Nose
0:00:47 > 0:00:50- # Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know- Yeah!
0:00:50 > 0:00:53# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know
0:00:53 > 0:00:56# Oh, yeah! #
0:00:56 > 0:00:57SHE HUMS
0:00:57 > 0:00:58Doo, doo, doo!
0:00:58 > 0:01:00Oh! Hmm hmm...
0:01:00 > 0:01:03Oh, hello! Tidying up - it's thirsty work.
0:01:03 > 0:01:05Time for a drink!
0:01:06 > 0:01:09Oh!
0:01:09 > 0:01:12I think I'll have to tidy myself now.
0:01:12 > 0:01:13BEEPING
0:01:13 > 0:01:17Oh, I hear a beep. I see a flash. I wonder what they're going to ask.
0:01:22 > 0:01:24- Hi, Nina!- Hi!
0:01:24 > 0:01:31- We've got a question for you. - What is a volcano?
0:01:31 > 0:01:34That's a great question! What is a volcano?
0:01:34 > 0:01:36Volcanoes are really amazing things,
0:01:36 > 0:01:39but we don't get to see many of them
0:01:39 > 0:01:41because there are so few in the world.
0:01:41 > 0:01:45Why don't you come down to my workshop and we'll investigate?
0:01:45 > 0:01:47- See you soon, Nina. Bye! - Bye!
0:01:47 > 0:01:50Well, I'm going to need some help to answer this one,
0:01:50 > 0:01:53and I know just who to ask. OK, Neurons, time to get to work!
0:02:08 > 0:02:11NEURONS: Neurons at the ready, Nina!
0:02:11 > 0:02:14OK, today's question is, what is a volcano?
0:02:14 > 0:02:18Which Neuron do you think will be most useful in helping us
0:02:18 > 0:02:19find the answer?
0:02:19 > 0:02:21- Me!- Me!- Me!
0:02:21 > 0:02:24Will it be... Fabulous Felix?
0:02:24 > 0:02:28I can help so very much, if you need the sense of touch.
0:02:28 > 0:02:30Will it be... Beautiful Belle?
0:02:30 > 0:02:32I send messages to brain from ear.
0:02:32 > 0:02:34If there's a sound, I'll help you hear.
0:02:34 > 0:02:36Will it be... Lovely Luke?
0:02:36 > 0:02:38For looking and seeing day or night,
0:02:38 > 0:02:41I'll help you with your sense of sight.
0:02:41 > 0:02:43Will it be... Awesome Ollie?
0:02:43 > 0:02:46If it's pongy or whiffy but you can't tell,
0:02:46 > 0:02:48my messages help your sense of smell.
0:02:48 > 0:02:50Or will it be... Baby Bud?
0:02:50 > 0:02:54Sour, salty, bitter or sweet, I'm your taste-buddy whenever you eat.
0:02:59 > 0:03:01It's Belle and Luke!
0:03:02 > 0:03:05NEURONS: Go Belle! Go Luke! Go Belle! Go Luke!
0:03:05 > 0:03:09Go Belle! Go Belle! Go Luke!
0:03:09 > 0:03:12Today's question is, what is a volcano?
0:03:12 > 0:03:17Because volcanoes look really big and bright and make lots of noise,
0:03:17 > 0:03:20Luke and Belle will be helping us today. But stand by, Neurons,
0:03:20 > 0:03:23I have a feeling I may need help from all of you.
0:03:23 > 0:03:27Right, I need to get the workshop ready before the explorers arrive.
0:03:27 > 0:03:30Rebecca likes playing with her brother and sister
0:03:30 > 0:03:33and Lily loves dressing up as a mermaid.
0:03:33 > 0:03:37- But they both want to know what is a volcano.- Volcanoes look amazing.
0:03:37 > 0:03:39Why do they explode?
0:03:39 > 0:03:43So, today, for one day only, Rebecca and Lily become The Explorers!
0:03:50 > 0:03:52- Hi, guys! - BOTH: Hi, Nina!
0:03:52 > 0:03:56Welcome to my workshop and thank you for your great question,
0:03:56 > 0:03:59"What is a volcano?" To find out the answer,
0:03:59 > 0:04:01let's start by using our sense.
0:04:01 > 0:04:05NEURONS: Woo-woo! A senses experiment! We're ready, Nina.
0:04:05 > 0:04:08So here is a picture of a volcano.
0:04:08 > 0:04:11Let's have a look at a volcano in action.
0:04:12 > 0:04:15It's amazing, isn't it? So what can you see?
0:04:15 > 0:04:18- There's red stuff coming out of it. - Yes!
0:04:18 > 0:04:22The volcano is erupting, and the red stuff that's coming out
0:04:22 > 0:04:25is really, really hot, and it's called lava.
0:04:25 > 0:04:28Lava! Oh, I like that name!
0:04:28 > 0:04:32Lava, Bud. Lava comes out of a volcano.
0:04:32 > 0:04:36Can you show me what shape the volcano is?
0:04:36 > 0:04:37Yes!
0:04:37 > 0:04:42It is a cone shape, like an upside down ice cream, or a witch's hat.
0:04:42 > 0:04:46And volcanoes are usually cones of rock,
0:04:46 > 0:04:50and when the lava comes out from inside the volcano it goes hard,
0:04:50 > 0:04:54and the more lava that comes out, the bigger the cone gets.
0:04:54 > 0:04:58But why does the lava go hard? Well, let's find out.
0:04:58 > 0:05:01Now, here we have some hot wax.
0:05:01 > 0:05:05Now, candles are made of wax, and when the wax gets hot,
0:05:05 > 0:05:10it melts and you can see that it's dripped down the side.
0:05:11 > 0:05:15Now, this hot wax here is a bit like hot lava inside a volcano.
0:05:15 > 0:05:18So, let's see what happens when I pour it out.
0:05:18 > 0:05:22Remember, never touch things that are hot. The can be dangerous.
0:05:22 > 0:05:24I'll just put my gloves on.
0:05:36 > 0:05:38What's happening?
0:05:38 > 0:05:41- It's going hard.- Yes!
0:05:41 > 0:05:44The hot wax is cooling down and it's going hard.
0:05:44 > 0:05:48And lava that comes out a volcano does the same thing.
0:05:48 > 0:05:50When it comes out, it's very hot.
0:05:50 > 0:05:55As it cools down, it goes hard, just like a candle.
0:05:55 > 0:05:56So have a feel.
0:06:02 > 0:06:04- How does it feel? - It feels really hard.
0:06:04 > 0:06:08Yes. It's just like the sides of the volcano.
0:06:08 > 0:06:11They're made of hardened lava that's cooled down.
0:06:11 > 0:06:17This is exciting. Now we know that volcanoes are usually a cone shape
0:06:17 > 0:06:20and they have lots of hot lava inside them that comes out.
0:06:20 > 0:06:23As the lava cools down, it goes hard.
0:06:23 > 0:06:27The more lava that comes out, the bigger the volcano cone gets.
0:06:27 > 0:06:30I couldn't have put it better myself, Neurons.
0:06:30 > 0:06:33- But where does the lava come from, Nina?- Ooh!
0:06:33 > 0:06:37I think we need to go somewhere very hot to find out.
0:06:39 > 0:06:43On the road again. I really enjoy our trips with Nina.
0:06:43 > 0:06:47Nina said we're going somewhere very hot.
0:06:47 > 0:06:51Maybe we're going on holiday.
0:06:51 > 0:06:53Aah, I can picture it now.
0:06:53 > 0:06:59- Sand, sea and...- Sunscreen. Nina will need that if it's hot.
0:06:59 > 0:07:01She's got very sensitive skin.
0:07:01 > 0:07:03Yippee! We're here!
0:07:05 > 0:07:08So, to help answer your question, what is a volcano,
0:07:08 > 0:07:10we've come somewhere really hot.
0:07:10 > 0:07:11A metalworks.
0:07:11 > 0:07:13BOTH: Yeah!
0:07:13 > 0:07:17So far we've found out that volcanoes are cone shaped
0:07:17 > 0:07:21and they have hot lava inside them that comes out and hardens,
0:07:21 > 0:07:23making the volcano cones bigger.
0:07:23 > 0:07:26But now we want to find out more about what lava is,
0:07:26 > 0:07:28and that's why we've come here.
0:07:28 > 0:07:31One problem, Nina. I don't see any lava.
0:07:31 > 0:07:36Well, we can't see real lava because there are no volcanoes near us.
0:07:36 > 0:07:38But I don't think we'd want to be near a volcano
0:07:38 > 0:07:41- when lava's coming out, do you? - No!
0:07:41 > 0:07:45No. But this place has something similar to lava.
0:07:45 > 0:07:47They make things out of metal here,
0:07:47 > 0:07:49and lots of things are made out of metal.
0:07:49 > 0:07:56Like spoons, keys, cars, but cold metal is really hard to bend
0:07:56 > 0:07:59or shape, so it's heated up in places like this.
0:07:59 > 0:08:02The metal gets so hot it melts
0:08:02 > 0:08:04and can then be made into different shapes.
0:08:04 > 0:08:06What's melting?
0:08:06 > 0:08:09Melting is when you heat something up and it gets runny,
0:08:09 > 0:08:11just like the candle wax from earlier
0:08:11 > 0:08:14or when ice cream gets warm in the sun.
0:08:14 > 0:08:17Aaah! Don't you just hate it when that happens?!
0:08:17 > 0:08:18Let's have a look.
0:08:46 > 0:08:48What does that look like?
0:08:48 > 0:08:50BOTH: Lava!
0:08:50 > 0:08:54Yeah, it looks and moves like lava, but it's not quite the same.
0:08:54 > 0:08:58Lava is actually melted rock.
0:08:58 > 0:09:02When rocks get very, very hot, they melt and go runny,
0:09:02 > 0:09:06just like the metal has. Let me show you something.
0:09:06 > 0:09:10This is a piece of cooled-down lava that's come from a volcano.
0:09:10 > 0:09:12It's a rock.
0:09:12 > 0:09:17Yeah. This rock was hot lava a long, long time ago,
0:09:17 > 0:09:19but it's cooled down and gone hard.
0:09:19 > 0:09:21Where does lava come from?
0:09:21 > 0:09:23Oh! I'll show you. Come with me.
0:09:26 > 0:09:31This is a model of our planet Earth, and we can see what's inside.
0:09:34 > 0:09:37It shows us what it's like very deep under ground.
0:09:38 > 0:09:41This is the ground,
0:09:41 > 0:09:46and underneath is a squishy part full of hot melted rock,
0:09:46 > 0:09:50and it's hot because the centre of the earth is hot
0:09:50 > 0:09:53and it heats up all the rocks around it.
0:09:53 > 0:09:55And that's where lava comes from.
0:09:55 > 0:09:57It's a very, very long way down.
0:09:57 > 0:10:00Much deeper than you could ever dig a hole.
0:10:00 > 0:10:04So, melting is when you heat something up and it goes runny.
0:10:04 > 0:10:10And lava is a very hot melted rock from deep underground.
0:10:10 > 0:10:12But why does it come out?
0:10:12 > 0:10:13Good question, Belle.
0:10:13 > 0:10:17Let's go back to the workshop for one final experiment.
0:10:18 > 0:10:21So, let's have another look at a volcano erupting.
0:10:23 > 0:10:25The lava from deep underground
0:10:25 > 0:10:28is pushing up through the cracks in the earth.
0:10:28 > 0:10:31And look - lava has bubbles in it.
0:10:31 > 0:10:35So when the lava gets up near the surface, the bubbles want to escape.
0:10:35 > 0:10:39Hmm. Here I have a bottle of fizzy water.
0:10:39 > 0:10:41Can you see any bubbles in it?
0:10:43 > 0:10:44No.
0:10:44 > 0:10:47Well, let's see what happens when I open it.
0:10:48 > 0:10:50Oh!
0:10:50 > 0:10:51Can you see any bubbles now?
0:10:51 > 0:10:54- Yeah!- Yeah.
0:10:54 > 0:10:58They're trying to escape, and I'm going to show you what happens
0:10:58 > 0:11:02when the bubbles in lava escape, using some special chemicals.
0:11:02 > 0:11:05So can I ask you guys to stand behind the safety screen for me.
0:11:05 > 0:11:07Thank you very much.
0:11:07 > 0:11:09And I'll put my goggles on.
0:11:09 > 0:11:12Woo! And some gloves.
0:11:12 > 0:11:15Remember, Nina has been specially trained to do this.
0:11:15 > 0:11:18You should never try anything like this yourself.
0:11:18 > 0:11:20Here goes!
0:11:22 > 0:11:25Woo-hoo-hoo-hoo-hoo!
0:11:28 > 0:11:31NEURONS: Wow!
0:11:32 > 0:11:33Wow! That was amazing!
0:11:33 > 0:11:36When I mixed the chemicals together,
0:11:36 > 0:11:38the bubbles escaped and went upwards.
0:11:38 > 0:11:43And the bubbles went up so fast they pushed the liquid up, too.
0:11:43 > 0:11:46And the same thing happens in a volcano.
0:11:46 > 0:11:52The bubbles in lava go up so fast they push the lava upwards, too.
0:11:52 > 0:11:54And that's what's called an eruption.
0:11:54 > 0:11:57And remember, there aren't many volcanoes
0:11:57 > 0:11:59and they don't erupt very often.
0:12:02 > 0:12:06So, your question was, what is a volcano,
0:12:06 > 0:12:07and I think we've answered it.
0:12:07 > 0:12:10We found out that volcanoes are big cones of rock
0:12:10 > 0:12:13with hot lava inside that comes out.
0:12:13 > 0:12:16When the lava comes out, it cools down and goes hard.
0:12:16 > 0:12:21Lava is very hot melted rock that's gone all runny,
0:12:21 > 0:12:25and it comes from way down deep in the middle of the earth.
0:12:25 > 0:12:26Lava has bubbles in it.
0:12:26 > 0:12:30When the lava gets near the surface, the bubbles try to escape
0:12:30 > 0:12:34and it pushes the lava up out of the volcano.
0:12:34 > 0:12:36So, I hope that's answered your question.
0:12:36 > 0:12:39BOTH: Thanks, Nina. Bye!
0:12:39 > 0:12:41You're welcome. Bye!
0:12:44 > 0:12:48If you want to know more about the science that's all around us,
0:12:48 > 0:12:51go to the Nina section on the CBeebies website. Have fun!
0:12:51 > 0:12:56# Every day the sun comes up it brightens up the sky
0:12:57 > 0:13:00# A brand-new day to understand
0:13:00 > 0:13:04- # A chance to ask ourselves why - Why?
0:13:04 > 0:13:08# There's a world of possibilities outside our front door
0:13:08 > 0:13:10# Front door
0:13:10 > 0:13:14# So every day take a look around and explore
0:13:14 > 0:13:17- # Explore,- explore,- explore,- explore
0:13:17 > 0:13:19# Exploring in the garden
0:13:19 > 0:13:20# Grass
0:13:20 > 0:13:22# Exploring in the park
0:13:22 > 0:13:23# Rivers
0:13:23 > 0:13:25# Exploring in the daytime
0:13:25 > 0:13:28- # Mountains - And even when it's dark
0:13:28 > 0:13:29# Planets
0:13:29 > 0:13:33# Look at the Earth, look at the sky Look at the world before us
0:13:33 > 0:13:36- # Explore,- explore,- explore,- explore
0:13:36 > 0:13:39# We're always on the lookout
0:13:39 > 0:13:41# We're Earth explorers
0:13:41 > 0:13:42# O-oh o-oh
0:13:42 > 0:13:44# We're Earth explorers
0:13:44 > 0:13:46# O-oh o-oh
0:13:46 > 0:13:47# We're Earth explorers. #
0:13:49 > 0:13:53And remember, exploring is about looking at the world around us,
0:13:53 > 0:13:55asking why and finding out the answer.
0:13:55 > 0:13:59So whether it's deep underground, at the end of your playground
0:13:59 > 0:14:03or way above the clouds, let's keep exploring our exciting world.
0:14:03 > 0:14:05See you again soon. Bye.
0:14:05 > 0:14:07ALL: Bye.
0:14:07 > 0:14:10Subtitles by Red Bee Media Ltd