0:00:05 > 0:00:08# If you've got a question and you don't know where to go
0:00:08 > 0:00:11# Ask Nina for some help Cos she's got a science show
0:00:11 > 0:00:14# She makes sense of her senses While helping all her fans
0:00:14 > 0:00:17# By doing her experiments with potions and with bangs
0:00:17 > 0:00:19- # Touch your tongue - Tongue
0:00:19 > 0:00:20- # Fingers - Fingers
0:00:20 > 0:00:22- # Eyes Eyes - Ears Ears
0:00:22 > 0:00:24# Nose Nose
0:00:24 > 0:00:26# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know
0:00:26 > 0:00:29# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know
0:00:29 > 0:00:32# Luke, he helps us with our eyes and Felix with our touch
0:00:32 > 0:00:35# Ollie sniffs out smells and scents and Belle, she hears so much
0:00:35 > 0:00:38# Bud is Ollie's brother he helps us with our taste
0:00:38 > 0:00:41# They're Nina's little Neurons and they're coming to your place
0:00:41 > 0:00:43- # Touch your tongue - Tongue
0:00:43 > 0:00:45- # Fingers- Fingers
0:00:45 > 0:00:46- # Eyes Eyes - Ears Ears
0:00:46 > 0:00:47- # Nose- Nose
0:00:47 > 0:00:50# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know yeah!
0:00:50 > 0:00:53# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know
0:00:53 > 0:00:56# Oh, yeah! #
0:00:56 > 0:01:00One, two, three!
0:01:00 > 0:01:01Oh, ha-ha! Hello, there.
0:01:01 > 0:01:03I'm just doing an experiment.
0:01:03 > 0:01:05Playing with a ball.
0:01:05 > 0:01:07What goes up -
0:01:07 > 0:01:10oh! - must come down.
0:01:10 > 0:01:12BLEEPING
0:01:12 > 0:01:14I hear a beep, I see a flash,
0:01:14 > 0:01:16I wonder what they're going to ask!
0:01:21 > 0:01:22- ALL:- Hi, Nina!
0:01:22 > 0:01:24Hi!
0:01:24 > 0:01:26We've got a question for you.
0:01:26 > 0:01:29How do rollercoasters work?
0:01:29 > 0:01:32Oh, that's a great question!
0:01:32 > 0:01:34How do rollercoasters work?
0:01:34 > 0:01:36I love going on rollercoasters,
0:01:36 > 0:01:38all those ups and downs.
0:01:38 > 0:01:40Why don't you come down to my workshop and we'll investigate?
0:01:40 > 0:01:43- ALL:- See you soon, Nina! Bye!
0:01:43 > 0:01:46Bye!
0:01:46 > 0:01:48Well, I'm going to need some help to answer this one,
0:01:48 > 0:01:50and I know just who to ask.
0:01:50 > 0:01:52OK, Neurons, time to get to work.
0:02:09 > 0:02:11- ALL:- Neurons at the ready, Nina!
0:02:11 > 0:02:14OK. Today's question is, "How do rollercoasters work?"
0:02:14 > 0:02:17Now, which Neuron do you think'll be most useful in helping us
0:02:17 > 0:02:20find the answer?
0:02:20 > 0:02:22It's Felix!
0:02:22 > 0:02:23CHEERING
0:02:23 > 0:02:27- ALL:- Go, Felix! Go, Felix! Go, Felix! Go, Felix!
0:02:27 > 0:02:30- ALL:- Go, Felix! Go, Felix!
0:02:30 > 0:02:35Marvellous! A little touch can mean so much, Nina.
0:02:35 > 0:02:38Today's question is, "How do rollercoasters work?"
0:02:38 > 0:02:41Because we feel lots of different things when we go on
0:02:41 > 0:02:43a rollercoaster, Felix will be helping us today,
0:02:43 > 0:02:45but stand by, Neurons,
0:02:45 > 0:02:47I have a feeling I may need help from all of you.
0:02:47 > 0:02:49Right. I need to get the workshop ready
0:02:49 > 0:02:51before the experimenters arrive.
0:02:53 > 0:02:56Cannie loves ice cream.
0:02:56 > 0:02:58Ben loves fire engines.
0:02:58 > 0:03:00Erin loves reading and writing.
0:03:01 > 0:03:05But they all want to know, "How do rollercoasters work?"
0:03:05 > 0:03:08So today, for one day only,
0:03:08 > 0:03:13Erin, Ben and Cannie become the experimenters!
0:03:16 > 0:03:18Hi, guys!
0:03:18 > 0:03:19- ALL:- Hi, Nina!
0:03:19 > 0:03:22And hello to Roxanne, who's here to sign for Cannie.
0:03:22 > 0:03:23Hi, Nina.
0:03:23 > 0:03:25Well, welcome to my workshop
0:03:25 > 0:03:27and thank you for your great question,
0:03:27 > 0:03:29"How do rollercoasters work?"
0:03:29 > 0:03:33So first, let's have a look at a really big rollercoaster.
0:03:33 > 0:03:38A rollercoaster is a long track built with hills and dips,
0:03:38 > 0:03:40but unlike a normal car,
0:03:40 > 0:03:43rollercoaster cars don't have an engine.
0:03:43 > 0:03:46How do they move, Nina?
0:03:46 > 0:03:49Let's start with an experiment to find out!
0:03:49 > 0:03:53- ALL:- Woop-woo! An experiment! We're ready, Nina!
0:03:53 > 0:03:56Now, these toy cars do not have an engine.
0:03:56 > 0:03:58So if I wanted them to move across the table,
0:03:58 > 0:04:01how do you think I could do it?
0:04:01 > 0:04:02Push it.
0:04:02 > 0:04:03Pull it.
0:04:03 > 0:04:05OK, well, let's try that.
0:04:05 > 0:04:09It's moving! Beep-beep! Beep-beep!
0:04:09 > 0:04:14Hey-hey! So pulling the car made it move as well.
0:04:14 > 0:04:17But when I let it go, did it keep moving?
0:04:17 > 0:04:18No.
0:04:18 > 0:04:20No, it didn't. That's right.
0:04:20 > 0:04:23Most rollercoaster cars are only pulled or pushed
0:04:23 > 0:04:26at the start, and then let go.
0:04:26 > 0:04:31But unlike our toy cars, they keep going all the way to the end.
0:04:31 > 0:04:33But how do they do it?
0:04:33 > 0:04:36Well, have a look at our hill over here.
0:04:36 > 0:04:39Cannie, can I ask you to push the little car
0:04:39 > 0:04:42up to the top of the hill and stop there?
0:04:42 > 0:04:44That's it.
0:04:44 > 0:04:46And stop.
0:04:46 > 0:04:50Now, if you let go, what do you think will happen?
0:04:50 > 0:04:52It'll roll down.
0:04:52 > 0:04:54Well, let's see. Let it go.
0:04:54 > 0:04:56Hey-hey!
0:04:56 > 0:04:58You were right!
0:04:58 > 0:05:02So you helped to push the car up the hill,
0:05:02 > 0:05:05but it didn't need any help going down the hill.
0:05:05 > 0:05:09And that's because of something called gravity.
0:05:09 > 0:05:14Gravity is what makes things fall downwards when they are dropped.
0:05:14 > 0:05:17Rollercoaster tracks are built with hills
0:05:17 > 0:05:21so that gravity can pull the cars downhill and make them move.
0:05:21 > 0:05:25How do rollercoasters go so fast, Nina?
0:05:25 > 0:05:27That is a great question.
0:05:27 > 0:05:31Well, real rollercoasters go much faster than our little car here,
0:05:31 > 0:05:34so I think we need to go to a very special park to find out.
0:05:41 > 0:05:44Hm... Where do you think we're going today?
0:05:44 > 0:05:47Nina said we were going to a special park.
0:05:47 > 0:05:50Oh-oh! I hope it's a play park!
0:05:50 > 0:05:52Well, I'd prefer a nice quiet park,
0:05:52 > 0:05:54where everyone can sit and relax.
0:05:54 > 0:05:56Ah...
0:05:56 > 0:05:59I don't think this park will be quiet, Felix!
0:05:59 > 0:06:01Look!
0:06:01 > 0:06:03So here we are at a very special park,
0:06:03 > 0:06:05a theme park!
0:06:05 > 0:06:07I think for our next experiment,
0:06:07 > 0:06:10we need to go on this rollercoaster
0:06:10 > 0:06:14to feel how fast it goes. Are you ready?
0:06:14 > 0:06:15- ALL:- Yeah!
0:06:15 > 0:06:17Let's go!
0:06:20 > 0:06:23ALL: Woo-hoo!
0:06:23 > 0:06:27Look, the car's being pushed up the hill by the machine.
0:06:27 > 0:06:29Ooh, I'm not sure about this, Nina.
0:06:29 > 0:06:32Ooh-ooh!
0:06:32 > 0:06:35SCREAMING
0:06:35 > 0:06:38Ooh, it's all uppy and downy!
0:06:38 > 0:06:41Fast, woo!
0:06:41 > 0:06:42A bit too fast for me.
0:06:42 > 0:06:43Oh!
0:06:45 > 0:06:48That was brilliant fun, wasn't it?
0:06:48 > 0:06:50- ALL:- Yeah!
0:06:50 > 0:06:53Rollercoasters are all about having fun,
0:06:53 > 0:06:56so they need to go fast to make them exciting.
0:06:56 > 0:06:59Now, did it feel like the rollercoaster cars
0:06:59 > 0:07:02were going faster down the big hills or the small hills?
0:07:02 > 0:07:04The big hills.
0:07:04 > 0:07:07That's right, so to find out why the big hills are faster,
0:07:07 > 0:07:09let's do another experiment.
0:07:09 > 0:07:11Now, these slopes
0:07:11 > 0:07:14are like the downhill part of a rollercoaster.
0:07:14 > 0:07:16And the tracks are all the same length.
0:07:16 > 0:07:20But, Ben, your slope is steeper than Erin's,
0:07:20 > 0:07:24and Cannie, your slope is steeper than both Erin and Ben's,
0:07:24 > 0:07:27and I'm going to give you a car each, OK?
0:07:27 > 0:07:29Can you pass that along, Cannie?
0:07:29 > 0:07:31Lovely, thank you.
0:07:31 > 0:07:33There we go. We've all got a car each.
0:07:33 > 0:07:36Now I want you to hold your car at the top of the slope.
0:07:36 > 0:07:38And when I say go,
0:07:38 > 0:07:40I want you to let it go,
0:07:40 > 0:07:43and we'll see which car goes the fastest.
0:07:43 > 0:07:45OK.
0:07:45 > 0:07:48One, two, three, go!
0:07:48 > 0:07:50Which car got to the bottom first?
0:07:50 > 0:07:52Mine.
0:07:52 > 0:07:56That's right, so even though the hills are all the same length,
0:07:56 > 0:07:59the car that was on the steepest hill got to the bottom first.
0:07:59 > 0:08:02Now do you know why?
0:08:02 > 0:08:04Did it go faster?
0:08:04 > 0:08:06It did go faster.
0:08:06 > 0:08:09So when a slope is steep,
0:08:09 > 0:08:10like the ones on the rollercoaster,
0:08:10 > 0:08:13it's easier for gravity to pull the cars down to the bottom
0:08:13 > 0:08:15really quickly.
0:08:15 > 0:08:17So the steeper the slope,
0:08:17 > 0:08:19the faster you go,
0:08:19 > 0:08:24and going fast on a rollercoaster is what makes it really exciting!
0:08:24 > 0:08:27Oh, this is exciting! We've found out that rollercoasters
0:08:27 > 0:08:29go really fast!
0:08:29 > 0:08:34And the steeper the slope, the faster you go, whee!
0:08:34 > 0:08:38But why do the hills have to be so high, Nina?
0:08:38 > 0:08:40That's a great question, Felix.
0:08:40 > 0:08:43The high hills do something really important.
0:08:43 > 0:08:45It's time for a final experiment.
0:08:47 > 0:08:51So your question was, "How do rollercoasters work?"
0:08:51 > 0:08:55And so far we've found out they go very fast down a steep hill.
0:08:55 > 0:08:58But why are the hills on a rollercoaster so high?
0:08:58 > 0:09:01Well, let's do an experiment with our
0:09:01 > 0:09:04very own cool rollercoaster to find out!
0:09:04 > 0:09:08Now, can you remember, how did our car get to the top of the first hill?
0:09:08 > 0:09:10It was pushed.
0:09:10 > 0:09:13Yes, remember we saw the machine pushing it, Nina?
0:09:13 > 0:09:16That's right. Rollercoaster cars have to be
0:09:16 > 0:09:19pushed or pulled up the first hill, but
0:09:19 > 0:09:23did the machine push us up the other hills?
0:09:23 > 0:09:25No, Nina.
0:09:25 > 0:09:29No, it didn't. The rollercoaster just kept going.
0:09:29 > 0:09:33So let's see if our rollercoaster will keep going.
0:09:33 > 0:09:35OK, Erin, do you want to help the
0:09:35 > 0:09:38little car get to the top of the hill?
0:09:38 > 0:09:40You can give it a push.
0:09:40 > 0:09:43That's good. Up to the top, and when you get to the green line,
0:09:43 > 0:09:46let go.
0:09:47 > 0:09:51No! It's just rolled back down!
0:09:51 > 0:09:54It did! Our car didn't keep going.
0:09:54 > 0:09:59Hm. Let's have a look at the height of the hills on this rollercoaster
0:09:59 > 0:10:02and see if we can work out what went wrong.
0:10:02 > 0:10:07The first hill here, is that higher or lower than the second hill?
0:10:07 > 0:10:09Higher.
0:10:09 > 0:10:13And have a look at our model rollercoaster.
0:10:13 > 0:10:17Is the first hill higher or lower than the second hill?
0:10:17 > 0:10:19Lower.
0:10:19 > 0:10:21It is lower. So what do you think we should do?
0:10:21 > 0:10:23Make it higher.
0:10:23 > 0:10:25That's a great idea,
0:10:25 > 0:10:27and we'll make the second hill lower. Ho-ho!
0:10:31 > 0:10:36OK, woo-hoo! Now, the first hill is the highest,
0:10:36 > 0:10:39so let's try again. Ben, would you like to have a go?
0:10:39 > 0:10:41Let's watch.
0:10:41 > 0:10:44OK, that's it. Really good.
0:10:44 > 0:10:47Excellent. All the way up to the top.
0:10:47 > 0:10:49Wee bit further.
0:10:49 > 0:10:50And let go!
0:10:52 > 0:10:54ALL: Hurray!
0:10:54 > 0:10:57Yay, it worked!
0:10:57 > 0:10:59Putting the highest hill first meant
0:10:59 > 0:11:03the car kept going over the next hill.
0:11:03 > 0:11:07And that's because the car had enough energy to keep going.
0:11:07 > 0:11:11So this is the golden rule of rollercoaster-building.
0:11:11 > 0:11:15The first hill has to be higher than all the ones after it.
0:11:15 > 0:11:18Who would like a go on my super-cool rollercoaster?
0:11:18 > 0:11:20ALL: Me!
0:11:20 > 0:11:21Ha-ha! I'll get the car.
0:11:21 > 0:11:23Go!
0:11:25 > 0:11:26Yay!
0:11:28 > 0:11:30What an amazing rollercoaster.
0:11:35 > 0:11:39So your question was, "How do rollercoasters work?"
0:11:39 > 0:11:41And I think we've answered it.
0:11:41 > 0:11:44We found out that on most rollercoasters
0:11:44 > 0:11:48the cars have to be pushed or pulled up the first hill by a machine.
0:11:48 > 0:11:50Then they roll down the slopes on their own,
0:11:50 > 0:11:54with the help of a force called gravity.
0:11:54 > 0:11:58The cars go really fast because the slopes are steep!
0:11:58 > 0:12:01The steeper the slope, the faster it goes.
0:12:01 > 0:12:02Whee!
0:12:02 > 0:12:06That's why the first hill is the highest.
0:12:06 > 0:12:09That's the golden rule of rollercoasters.
0:12:09 > 0:12:12So I hope that's answered your question.
0:12:12 > 0:12:14- ALL:- Thanks, Nina. Bye!
0:12:14 > 0:12:16You're welcome. Bye!
0:12:20 > 0:12:22If you want to know more about the science that's all around us,
0:12:22 > 0:12:26go to the Nina section on the CBeebies website. Have fun!
0:12:26 > 0:12:28# Super structures
0:12:28 > 0:12:30# Super structures
0:12:30 > 0:12:34# Super structures, super structures, super structures
0:12:34 > 0:12:36# Some of them are tall
0:12:36 > 0:12:38# Some of them are wide
0:12:38 > 0:12:42# They're bumpy, lumpy, wiggly too Wiggly too
0:12:42 > 0:12:44# Some of them are strong
0:12:44 > 0:12:46# Some of them are small
0:12:46 > 0:12:49# And they're windy, whirly, whooshy too
0:12:49 > 0:12:50# All around
0:12:50 > 0:12:53# Look over here
0:12:53 > 0:12:56# Build it, stack it, pile it up
0:12:56 > 0:12:58# Come on, let's get building
0:12:58 > 0:13:00- #- Building building!
0:13:00 > 0:13:04# Race it, hold it, make it stick
0:13:04 > 0:13:08# Come on, let's get building
0:13:08 > 0:13:12# Come on, let's get building
0:13:14 > 0:13:16# Some of them are cosy warm
0:13:16 > 0:13:18# Some of them are chilly
0:13:18 > 0:13:22- # Keep us safe and hide us too - Hide us too
0:13:22 > 0:13:24# Some of them are just for fun
0:13:24 > 0:13:26# Or help us to stay dry
0:13:26 > 0:13:29# They're underground and high up too
0:13:29 > 0:13:31- #- Look around
0:13:31 > 0:13:32- #- Over here
0:13:32 > 0:13:36# Built it, stack it, pile it up
0:13:36 > 0:13:39# Come on, let's get building
0:13:39 > 0:13:41- #- Building building!
0:13:41 > 0:13:44# Race it, hold it, make it stick
0:13:44 > 0:13:48# Come on, let's get building
0:13:48 > 0:13:53# Come on, let's get building! #
0:13:53 > 0:13:56And remember, there are super structures everywhere.
0:13:56 > 0:13:59Whether they're big or small, wide or tall,
0:13:59 > 0:14:01we can all get building.
0:14:01 > 0:14:03See you again soon. Bye!
0:14:03 > 0:14:04- ALL:- Bye!
0:14:04 > 0:14:07Get building!