0:00:05 > 0:00:08# If you've got a question and you don't know where to go
0:00:08 > 0:00:12# Ask Nina for some help Cos she's got a science show
0:00:12 > 0:00:14# She makes sense of her senses While helping all her fans
0:00:14 > 0:00:17# By doing her experiments with potions and with bangs
0:00:17 > 0:00:19- # Touch your tongue - Tongue
0:00:19 > 0:00:20- # Fingers - Fingers
0:00:20 > 0:00:22- # Eyes- Eyes - Ears- Ears
0:00:22 > 0:00:23- # Nose - Nose
0:00:23 > 0:00:26# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know
0:00:26 > 0:00:29# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know
0:00:29 > 0:00:32# Luke, he helps us with our eyes and Felix, with our touch
0:00:32 > 0:00:36# Ollie sniffs out smells and scents and Belle, she hears so much
0:00:36 > 0:00:38# Bud is Ollie's brother he helps us with our taste
0:00:38 > 0:00:41# They're Nina's little Neurons and they're coming to your place
0:00:41 > 0:00:43- # Touch your tongue - Tongue
0:00:43 > 0:00:44- # Fingers - Fingers
0:00:44 > 0:00:46- # Eyes- Eyes - Ears- Ears
0:00:46 > 0:00:47- # Nose - Nose
0:00:47 > 0:00:50- # Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know- Yeah!
0:00:50 > 0:00:53# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know
0:00:53 > 0:00:54# Oh, yeah! #
0:00:57 > 0:00:59There you go.
0:00:59 > 0:01:02Oh, hello there! I'm just lining up my little ants.
0:01:02 > 0:01:04They're following a trail for food.
0:01:04 > 0:01:08They look like they're doing the conga, don't they?
0:01:08 > 0:01:10# Da-doo-doo doo-doo-do do do!
0:01:10 > 0:01:12# Da-doo-doo doo-doo-do do do! #
0:01:12 > 0:01:13COMPUTER BEEPS
0:01:13 > 0:01:18I hear a beep, I see a flash, I wonder what they're going to ask?
0:01:21 > 0:01:23Hi, Nina!
0:01:23 > 0:01:26- Hi!- We've got a question for you.
0:01:26 > 0:01:29Why do some animals live underground?
0:01:29 > 0:01:31That's a great question!
0:01:31 > 0:01:33Why do some animals live underground?
0:01:33 > 0:01:36We build our homes above the ground,
0:01:36 > 0:01:40but some animals live under the ground. I wonder why that is?
0:01:40 > 0:01:44Why don't you come down to my workshop and we'll investigate?
0:01:44 > 0:01:47See you soon, Nina. Bye!
0:01:47 > 0:01:48Bye.
0:01:50 > 0:01:54I'm going to need some help to answer this one, and I know just who to ask.
0:01:54 > 0:01:57OK, Neurons, time to get to work.
0:02:13 > 0:02:15Neurons at the ready, Nina.
0:02:15 > 0:02:19OK, today's question is why do some animals live underground?
0:02:19 > 0:02:22Which Neuron do you think would be most useful
0:02:22 > 0:02:25helping us find the answer?
0:02:25 > 0:02:28It's Felix! CHEERING
0:02:28 > 0:02:31# Go, Felix! Go, Felix!
0:02:31 > 0:02:35# Go, Felix! Go, Felix! #
0:02:35 > 0:02:39Marvellous! A little touch can mean so much, Nina.
0:02:39 > 0:02:43Today's question is why do some animals live underground?
0:02:43 > 0:02:47It feels different underground, so Felix is helping us today.
0:02:47 > 0:02:48But, stand by, Neurons.
0:02:48 > 0:02:51I've a feeling I may need help from all of you.
0:02:51 > 0:02:55I need to get the workshop ready before the experimenters arrive.
0:02:56 > 0:03:00Taite likes playing games that make him think.
0:03:00 > 0:03:03Taruni loves reading.
0:03:03 > 0:03:08But they both want to know, why do some animals live underground?
0:03:08 > 0:03:10So today, for one day only,
0:03:10 > 0:03:14Taite and Taruni become the experimenters!
0:03:20 > 0:03:21- Hi, guys!- Hi, Nina!
0:03:21 > 0:03:23Welcome to my workshop.
0:03:23 > 0:03:25And thank you for your question -
0:03:25 > 0:03:28why do some animals live underground?
0:03:28 > 0:03:31Lots of animals and insects live underground.
0:03:31 > 0:03:33Take a look at these.
0:03:33 > 0:03:35Can you tell me what these are?
0:03:35 > 0:03:37- Ants.- Yes, they are ants.
0:03:37 > 0:03:42And look, they're digging some amazing tunnels underground.
0:03:42 > 0:03:45But we want to find out why they live underground?
0:03:45 > 0:03:47Let's start with an experiment.
0:03:47 > 0:03:50Whoop-woo! An experiment!
0:03:50 > 0:03:52We're ready , Nina!
0:03:52 > 0:03:57So, we've got two boxes here, each with a thermometer inside.
0:03:57 > 0:04:00A thermometer tells us what the temperature is.
0:04:00 > 0:04:04So if it gets warmer, the number on the thermometer goes up.
0:04:04 > 0:04:07What do the thermometers say at the moment?
0:04:07 > 0:04:0820.
0:04:10 > 0:04:1220.
0:04:12 > 0:04:14So, they're both at 20 degrees Celsius.
0:04:14 > 0:04:17They're both the same temperature.
0:04:17 > 0:04:21Now, we're going to keep this box above the ground,
0:04:21 > 0:04:26but the other box that's already in the ground, we're going to bury it.
0:04:26 > 0:04:30And I have some soil down here to do it with.
0:04:30 > 0:04:31So, let's go for it!
0:04:40 > 0:04:42Great work, experimenters.
0:04:42 > 0:04:46Now, during the daytime, the sun heats things up.
0:04:46 > 0:04:49So, we need a pretend sun.
0:04:49 > 0:04:53This heat lamp here is going to be our pretend sun.
0:04:56 > 0:04:58Does it feel nice and warm?
0:04:58 > 0:04:59Yeah.
0:04:59 > 0:05:02That feels lovely and warm, Nina.
0:05:02 > 0:05:05Taruni, can you pass me up your box, please?
0:05:05 > 0:05:06Thank you very much.
0:05:06 > 0:05:10We're going to pop it on top, here.
0:05:10 > 0:05:14Now, we need to wait for the warm sun to heat things up.
0:05:15 > 0:05:18The sun has been shining for a while
0:05:18 > 0:05:21and it's making the air above the ground quite warm.
0:05:21 > 0:05:23I've got my suncream on, Nina!
0:05:23 > 0:05:26Let's check the temperatures inside the boxes.
0:05:26 > 0:05:31Can you tell me the temperature in the box above the ground, please?
0:05:31 > 0:05:3232.
0:05:32 > 0:05:34It's gone up, Nina.
0:05:34 > 0:05:3532!
0:05:35 > 0:05:39Because the sun was shining, the temperature in the box
0:05:39 > 0:05:43above the ground went from 20 to 32 degrees Celsius.
0:05:43 > 0:05:45It definitely got warmer.
0:05:45 > 0:05:49OK, Taite, can you please check the temperature under the ground?
0:05:49 > 0:05:5120.
0:05:51 > 0:05:53It's the same as before, Nina.
0:05:53 > 0:05:56Even though the sun made it hotter above the ground,
0:05:56 > 0:05:59the temperature underground stayed the same.
0:05:59 > 0:06:04You see, the ground takes much longer to heat up or cool down than the air.
0:06:04 > 0:06:07So, the temperature underground stays about the same.
0:06:07 > 0:06:10You see, animals are just like us.
0:06:10 > 0:06:13They don't like to get too hot or too cold,
0:06:13 > 0:06:17so living underground means that the temperature stays just right.
0:06:17 > 0:06:21- OLLIE:- So, ground takes longer to heat up or cool down than air.
0:06:21 > 0:06:24- BELLE:- And if the temperature changes above ground,
0:06:24 > 0:06:26underground stays the same.
0:06:26 > 0:06:30That's one reason why creatures like ants live underground.
0:06:30 > 0:06:32Take a look at this.
0:06:32 > 0:06:34These are termites.
0:06:34 > 0:06:37They dig tunnels underground like the ants we saw.
0:06:37 > 0:06:39But this is a mound,
0:06:39 > 0:06:43millions of termites dig earth out of their tunnels
0:06:43 > 0:06:47and pile it up, to build a big mound above the ground.
0:06:47 > 0:06:49How do they know how to build it?
0:06:49 > 0:06:51That's a great question!
0:06:51 > 0:06:56Let's go somewhere with a really big hill to find out more.
0:06:59 > 0:07:04- LUKE:- Here we go! I can't wait to see where we'll end up today!
0:07:04 > 0:07:07Nina said it was somewhere with a big hill.
0:07:07 > 0:07:10Maybe we're going to climb to the top of a hill?
0:07:10 > 0:07:12I hope there's a picnic at the top!
0:07:12 > 0:07:17I can't see a picnic, Neurons, but it looks like we're here.
0:07:17 > 0:07:21So far, we've found out that animals, like termites and ants,
0:07:21 > 0:07:26make their homes underground because it's not too hot and not too cold.
0:07:26 > 0:07:30But now we want to find out how termites know how to build a mound.
0:07:30 > 0:07:33OK, termite friends, we've got some blocks here,
0:07:33 > 0:07:37and we're going to build something just like termites do.
0:07:37 > 0:07:40The clever thing about termites is they all work separately -
0:07:40 > 0:07:42no-one tells them what to do -
0:07:42 > 0:07:46but together they still manage to build a big mound.
0:07:46 > 0:07:49We're going to follow three simple rules.
0:07:49 > 0:07:53Rule number one is we put all the blocks in a row.
0:07:53 > 0:07:58Rule number two, when you have a row of three blocks, turn right.
0:07:58 > 0:08:00Rule number three, keep going.
0:08:00 > 0:08:04To be really termite-like, no-one is going to be in charge
0:08:04 > 0:08:07and we're not going to speak to each other while we build.
0:08:07 > 0:08:09- Got it?- Yes!
0:08:09 > 0:08:11Excellent, let's get building.
0:08:40 > 0:08:43Well done, experimenters! We've built a square box
0:08:43 > 0:08:46and we did by following some very simple rules.
0:08:46 > 0:08:50And that's exactly what termites do when they build a giant mound.
0:08:50 > 0:08:54When termites build, they don't talk to each other.
0:08:54 > 0:08:57But by following simple rules, they build a mound together.
0:08:57 > 0:08:59That's right, Neurons.
0:08:59 > 0:09:01Why do termites build a mound?
0:09:01 > 0:09:03That's a great question.
0:09:03 > 0:09:06Let's do one final experiment to find out.
0:09:06 > 0:09:10Your question was, why do some animals live underground?
0:09:10 > 0:09:13And so far, we've found that termites build
0:09:13 > 0:09:17a mound above the ground, but now we want to find out why they build it.
0:09:17 > 0:09:21So, we've come here, to find out what it's like
0:09:21 > 0:09:23to be inside a termite mound.
0:09:23 > 0:09:27Scientists investigated part of a real termite mound and built
0:09:27 > 0:09:32this structure to look exactly the same on the inside, only much bigger.
0:09:32 > 0:09:34Big enough so that we can go in.
0:09:34 > 0:09:36Are you ready, termites?
0:09:36 > 0:09:38- Yes!- Let's go!
0:09:40 > 0:09:43We're just like tiny termites.
0:09:43 > 0:09:46There are only three of us in here,
0:09:46 > 0:09:49but there would be millions of termites in a real mound.
0:09:49 > 0:09:52Wow! That's a lot of termites!
0:09:52 > 0:09:55One termite doesn't need much air to breathe.
0:09:55 > 0:09:59But millions of termites need lots of fresh air.
0:09:59 > 0:10:02So, can you see any holes in here, experimenters?
0:10:02 > 0:10:04Yes.
0:10:04 > 0:10:08Termite mounds might look solid from the outside,
0:10:08 > 0:10:11but actually, there's lots of holes in them.
0:10:11 > 0:10:14Why are there so many holes, Nina?
0:10:14 > 0:10:17I'm going to add some red smoke to the air inside the mound
0:10:17 > 0:10:21so we can see it, and we're going to go outside and watch what happens.
0:10:21 > 0:10:23Let's go.
0:10:39 > 0:10:44All the air inside the mound has changed colour!
0:10:44 > 0:10:47Can you see what's happening to the air inside the mound?
0:10:47 > 0:10:49- It's coming out.- Yes!
0:10:49 > 0:10:53The red air inside the termite mound is slowly coming out
0:10:53 > 0:10:57through the holes. And fresh air is going in.
0:10:57 > 0:11:01And this is the same thing that happens in a real termite mound.
0:11:01 > 0:11:04Eventually, all this stale air that's inside the mound
0:11:04 > 0:11:07will be replaced with lots of lovely fresh air.
0:11:07 > 0:11:11So, the mound and tunnels stay filled with fresh air
0:11:11 > 0:11:14and the termites can breathe wherever they are.
0:11:14 > 0:11:18- LUKE:- The termite mound has lots of holes in it to let air in and out.
0:11:18 > 0:11:21- OLLIE:- Lots of termites need lots of fresh air
0:11:21 > 0:11:24while they're building those tunnels.
0:11:24 > 0:11:25That's right, Neurons.
0:11:25 > 0:11:28# Nina and the Neurons. #
0:11:30 > 0:11:33Your question was, why do some animals live underground?
0:11:33 > 0:11:35I think we've answered it.
0:11:35 > 0:11:39- FELIX:- The temperature underground doesn't change much.
0:11:39 > 0:11:42- OLLIE:- That means animals stay just right temperature.
0:11:42 > 0:11:45- BUD:- Termites build tunnels underground,
0:11:45 > 0:11:48and they move the earth above the ground.
0:11:48 > 0:11:52BELLE: They follow simple rules and, together, they make a mound.
0:11:52 > 0:11:57- LUKE:- The termite mound has lots of holes in it, to let old air out
0:11:57 > 0:11:59and fresh air in,
0:11:59 > 0:12:02So they can breathe.
0:12:02 > 0:12:06- I hope that's answered your question. - Thanks, Nina, bye!
0:12:06 > 0:12:08You're welcome, bye!
0:12:11 > 0:12:14If you want to know more about the science all around us,
0:12:14 > 0:12:18go to the Nina section of the CBeebies website. Have fun!
0:12:18 > 0:12:20# Superstructures
0:12:20 > 0:12:21# Superstructures
0:12:21 > 0:12:25# Superstructures, superstructures, superstructures, superstructures
0:12:25 > 0:12:27# Some of them are tall
0:12:27 > 0:12:29# Some of them are wide
0:12:29 > 0:12:32# They're bumpy, lumpy, wiggly, too
0:12:32 > 0:12:34# Wiggly, too!
0:12:34 > 0:12:35# Some of them are strong
0:12:35 > 0:12:37- # Some of them are small - Like me!
0:12:37 > 0:12:40# They're windey Whirly, whooshy, too
0:12:40 > 0:12:42# All around!
0:12:42 > 0:12:44# Look over here!
0:12:44 > 0:12:46# Build it, stack it
0:12:46 > 0:12:47# Pile it up
0:12:47 > 0:12:50# Come on, let's get building
0:12:50 > 0:12:52# Building, building, building!
0:12:52 > 0:12:54# Race it, hold it
0:12:54 > 0:12:56# Make it stick
0:12:56 > 0:12:59# Come on, let's get building
0:12:59 > 0:13:02# Come on, let's get building
0:13:05 > 0:13:07# Some of them are a cosy warm
0:13:07 > 0:13:09- # Some of them are chilly - Brr!
0:13:09 > 0:13:13- # Keep us safe and hide us, too - Hide us, too!
0:13:13 > 0:13:15# Some of them are just for fun
0:13:15 > 0:13:17# Or help us to stay dry
0:13:17 > 0:13:22- # They're underground and high up too - Look around!
0:13:22 > 0:13:24# Over here!
0:13:24 > 0:13:26# Build it, stack it
0:13:26 > 0:13:27# Pile it up
0:13:27 > 0:13:30# Come on, let's get building
0:13:30 > 0:13:32# Building, building, building!
0:13:32 > 0:13:34# Race it, hold it
0:13:34 > 0:13:35# Make it stick
0:13:35 > 0:13:38# Come on, let's get building
0:13:38 > 0:13:40# Wee-ooh
0:13:40 > 0:13:42# Come on, let's get building! #
0:13:44 > 0:13:47Remember, there are superstructures everywhere.
0:13:47 > 0:13:52Whether they're big or small, wide or tall, we can all get building.
0:13:52 > 0:13:54See you again soon. Bye!
0:13:54 > 0:13:57- Bye!- Get building!