0:00:05 > 0:00:08# If you've got a question And you don't know where to go
0:00:08 > 0:00:11# Ask Nina for some help Cos she's got a science show
0:00:11 > 0:00:15# She makes sense of her senses While helping all her fans
0:00:15 > 0:00:17# By doing her experiments with potions and with bangs
0:00:17 > 0:00:19- # Touch your tongue - Tongue
0:00:19 > 0:00:20- # Fingers- Fingers
0:00:20 > 0:00:22- # Eyes- Eyes - Ears- Ears
0:00:22 > 0:00:24- # Nose- Nose
0:00:24 > 0:00:26# Nina and the Neurons Find out what you need to know
0:00:26 > 0:00:29# Nina and the Neurons Find out what you need to know
0:00:29 > 0:00:32# Luke he helps us with our eyes And Felix with our touch
0:00:32 > 0:00:35# Ollie sniffs out smells and scents And Belle she hears so much
0:00:35 > 0:00:38# Bud is Ollie's brother He helps us with our taste
0:00:38 > 0:00:41# They're Nina's little Neurons And they're coming to your place
0:00:41 > 0:00:43- # Touch your tongue - Tongue
0:00:43 > 0:00:44- # Fingers- Fingers
0:00:44 > 0:00:46- # Eyes- Eyes - Ears- Ears
0:00:46 > 0:00:47- # Nose- Nose
0:00:47 > 0:00:51- # Nina and the Neurons find out What you need to know- Yeah!
0:00:51 > 0:00:53# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know
0:00:53 > 0:00:55# Oh, yeah! #
0:00:56 > 0:00:58And...
0:00:58 > 0:01:00Snip! Hee-hee! Oh, hello there.
0:01:00 > 0:01:04I'm trying to make all these snowflakes a little bit
0:01:04 > 0:01:08different, just like real snowflakes.
0:01:08 > 0:01:10Oh!
0:01:10 > 0:01:14Oh, wow! Isn't it beautiful?!
0:01:14 > 0:01:15BEEPING
0:01:15 > 0:01:20Oh, I hear a beep, I see a flash, I wonder what they're going to ask.
0:01:24 > 0:01:26- BOTH: Hi, Nina!- Hi!
0:01:26 > 0:01:30- We've got a question for you. - Are igloos cold inside?
0:01:30 > 0:01:35Oh, that's a great question! Are igloos cold inside?
0:01:35 > 0:01:38Well, igloos are built out of freezing cold snow.
0:01:38 > 0:01:41I wonder if that makes them feel cold inside.
0:01:41 > 0:01:44Come down to my workshop and we'll investigate.
0:01:44 > 0:01:47BOTH: See you soon, Nina. Bye!
0:01:47 > 0:01:49Bye!
0:01:49 > 0:01:52I'm going to need some help to answer this one
0:01:52 > 0:01:54and I know just who to ask.
0:01:54 > 0:01:56OK, Neurons, time to get to work.
0:02:12 > 0:02:15ALL: Neurons at the ready, Nina!
0:02:15 > 0:02:18OK, today's question is are igloos cold inside?
0:02:18 > 0:02:23Which Neuron will be most useful in helping us find the answer?
0:02:23 > 0:02:25It's Felix!
0:02:25 > 0:02:27CHEERING
0:02:27 > 0:02:30ALL: Go, Felix! Go, Felix! Go, Felix!
0:02:30 > 0:02:33Go, Felix! Go, Felix! Go, Felix!
0:02:33 > 0:02:34Go, Felix!
0:02:34 > 0:02:38Marvellous! A little touch can mean so much, Nina.
0:02:38 > 0:02:41Today's question is are igloos cold inside?
0:02:41 > 0:02:43Now, we can feel if something is cold,
0:02:43 > 0:02:47so Felix, my touch Neuron, will be helping today.
0:02:47 > 0:02:50Stand by, Neurons, I've a feeling I may need help from all of you.
0:02:50 > 0:02:55I need to get the workshop ready before the experimenters arrive.
0:02:55 > 0:02:58Ethan likes playing with his friends.
0:02:58 > 0:03:01Eva likes sweetcorn.
0:03:01 > 0:03:05But they both want to know are igloos cold inside?
0:03:07 > 0:03:12So today, for one day only, Ethan and Eva become the experimenters!
0:03:17 > 0:03:19- Hi, guys.- BOTH: Hi, Nina.
0:03:19 > 0:03:21Welcome to my workshop
0:03:21 > 0:03:25and thank you for your great question, are igloos cold inside?
0:03:25 > 0:03:28First, let's have a look at a photograph of an igloo.
0:03:28 > 0:03:32People build igloos in incredibly cold places.
0:03:32 > 0:03:35- What do you think they are made of?- Ice.
0:03:35 > 0:03:40Well, igloos are actually built from very hard blocks of squashed snow.
0:03:40 > 0:03:43Now, is snow warm or cold?
0:03:43 > 0:03:45Cold.
0:03:45 > 0:03:49Brrrr. That must be like sitting in a freezer.
0:03:49 > 0:03:51You'd think so, Felix.
0:03:51 > 0:03:53Even though igloos are made from cold snow,
0:03:53 > 0:03:57the inside of an igloo can actually get quite nice and warm.
0:03:57 > 0:03:59To find out how this can happen,
0:03:59 > 0:04:02I think we need to find out more about snow.
0:04:02 > 0:04:03So let's do an experiment!
0:04:03 > 0:04:06ALL: Whoop-whoop! An experiment!
0:04:06 > 0:04:08We're ready, Nina!
0:04:08 > 0:04:12When snowflakes fall they join together to make snow.
0:04:12 > 0:04:17We're going to make these snowflakes fall onto this grass
0:04:17 > 0:04:19to make a big pile of snow.
0:04:19 > 0:04:22Three, two, one, snow!
0:04:25 > 0:04:27That's it.
0:04:27 > 0:04:29Lovely.
0:04:29 > 0:04:32Drop them like it's snowing.
0:04:37 > 0:04:41So can you see any gaps in between the snowflakes?
0:04:41 > 0:04:42BOTH: Yes.
0:04:42 > 0:04:47Let's try piling them up and pushing them together.
0:04:47 > 0:04:51OK, go for it!
0:04:51 > 0:04:55That's it, make one big pile of snow.
0:04:55 > 0:04:59What about now, can you still see any gaps?
0:04:59 > 0:05:01BOTH: Yes.
0:05:01 > 0:05:05Yes, I can still see little gaps between the snowflakes.
0:05:05 > 0:05:09That's right. Even though we packed the snowflakes together,
0:05:09 > 0:05:13there are still little gaps in between the snowflakes.
0:05:13 > 0:05:15This is what happens with real snow too.
0:05:15 > 0:05:18You see, snowflakes are pointy shaped,
0:05:18 > 0:05:20so they don't fit together perfectly.
0:05:20 > 0:05:24It means there are always little gaps in between them.
0:05:24 > 0:05:28These gaps are filled with something that we can't see.
0:05:28 > 0:05:30Can you guess what that might be?
0:05:30 > 0:05:32- Air.- That's right!
0:05:32 > 0:05:35Air is an invisible gas which is all around us.
0:05:35 > 0:05:39When it snows, air gets trapped in the millions of little
0:05:39 > 0:05:42spaces in between the pointy snowflakes.
0:05:42 > 0:05:46It's this trapped air that makes snow a good insulator.
0:05:46 > 0:05:50That's a big word, Nina. Insulator!
0:05:50 > 0:05:52Well done, Bud!
0:05:52 > 0:05:56An insulator is something that heat can't pass through easily.
0:05:56 > 0:06:01The snow the igloo is made from works like a big puffy jacket.
0:06:01 > 0:06:05It traps lots of air that heat can't pass through easily
0:06:05 > 0:06:10and keeps the people inside it warm, even though it's cold outside.
0:06:10 > 0:06:14Igloos can keep people warm because snow is a good insulator.
0:06:14 > 0:06:18Pointy snowflakes trap air in between them
0:06:18 > 0:06:21and that stops the heat escaping.
0:06:21 > 0:06:25But where does the heat inside the igloo come from, Nina?
0:06:25 > 0:06:27Good question, Belle.
0:06:27 > 0:06:31How can there be heat inside an igloo in such a cold snowy place?
0:06:31 > 0:06:36I think we need to go somewhere hilly and chilly to find out.
0:06:39 > 0:06:43Here we go! I can't wait to see where we'll end up today!
0:06:43 > 0:06:46Nina said it was somewhere hilly and chilly.
0:06:46 > 0:06:49Maybe it's an icy toboggan run. Whee-hee!
0:06:49 > 0:06:53Or maybe we're going to eat a mountain of ice cream!
0:06:53 > 0:06:56I'm sorry, but I can't smell any ice cream, Bud.
0:06:56 > 0:06:58Oh!
0:06:58 > 0:07:03Well, we're here, Neurons and it's certainly chilly. Brrrrr.
0:07:03 > 0:07:07So we've come to an indoor ski slope for our next experiment.
0:07:07 > 0:07:10Even though we're all wearing warm clothes,
0:07:10 > 0:07:13- it doesn't feel very warm in here, does it?- No, it's freezing!
0:07:13 > 0:07:17It's definitely freezing, Nina. I can feel it.
0:07:17 > 0:07:20If only there was a special house to keep us warm!
0:07:20 > 0:07:23- There's an igloo over there, Nina. - What?!
0:07:23 > 0:07:25Hey, well, that's very handy!
0:07:25 > 0:07:28Let's take shelter in here.
0:07:28 > 0:07:32So we want to know where the warmth from the inside of
0:07:32 > 0:07:33an igloo comes from.
0:07:33 > 0:07:37- It doesn't feel very warm in here at the moment, does it?- BOTH: No.
0:07:37 > 0:07:40It feels about the same temperature as it is outside.
0:07:40 > 0:07:43Do you think you'd want to stay in here all night?
0:07:43 > 0:07:48- No, it'd be too cold.- Oh, no, I wouldn't be able to sleep a wink.
0:07:48 > 0:07:51Actually, if we stay in here for a little bit longer,
0:07:51 > 0:07:53something interesting might happen.
0:07:53 > 0:07:58We are going to look at ourselves in this special camera to see why.
0:07:58 > 0:08:02This special camera helps us to see hot or cold.
0:08:02 > 0:08:03Wow!
0:08:03 > 0:08:06Even I can't see that.
0:08:06 > 0:08:09If something is cold it looks purple
0:08:09 > 0:08:13but if something is warm it looks bright red or white.
0:08:13 > 0:08:17- What colour is the area around us? - Blue.
0:08:17 > 0:08:20Yes, it looks dark blue because outside is colder.
0:08:20 > 0:08:23What colour does my face look like?
0:08:23 > 0:08:25- Bright red.- Yeah!
0:08:25 > 0:08:28Our faces are bright red because they are warm.
0:08:28 > 0:08:31We might not feel very warm but this camera is showing
0:08:31 > 0:08:34that our bodies are giving off heat.
0:08:34 > 0:08:38Ha-ha! Nina's head looks like a big juicy tomato.
0:08:38 > 0:08:40Where do you think that heat's going?
0:08:40 > 0:08:42Into the air.
0:08:42 > 0:08:45Yes, the heat from our bodies is spreading out into the cold air
0:08:45 > 0:08:48around us, warming it up.
0:08:48 > 0:08:51We discovered earlier that snow is a good insulator,
0:08:51 > 0:08:55so do you think these snow walls will be keeping the warmed air in
0:08:55 > 0:08:58- or letting it escape?- Keeping it in. - You're right.
0:08:58 > 0:09:02The warmth from our bodies heats the air inside the igloo
0:09:02 > 0:09:04and it's not able to escape.
0:09:04 > 0:09:08If we stayed in here all night, our bodies would keep making heat,
0:09:08 > 0:09:12warm the air around us and keep the igloo warm inside.
0:09:12 > 0:09:17So heat from our bodies warms up the cold air inside the igloo.
0:09:17 > 0:09:21The snow walls do a brilliant job of keeping it inside.
0:09:22 > 0:09:24That's right, Neurons!
0:09:24 > 0:09:29This brilliant snowy building helps to keep us warm in another way, too.
0:09:29 > 0:09:33I think we need to go back to the workshop for one final experiment.
0:09:33 > 0:09:37Igloos aren't just good at keeping heat in,
0:09:37 > 0:09:39they're also built to do something else, too.
0:09:39 > 0:09:42Let's do an experiment to find out more.
0:09:42 > 0:09:45I've got some fans here. I'm going to turn them on
0:09:45 > 0:09:48and I want you guys to tell me how it makes you feel.
0:09:48 > 0:09:50Here we go.
0:09:53 > 0:09:56Now, do they make you feel warm or cold?
0:09:56 > 0:09:59- BOTH: Cold.- Brrrrr. That's cold!
0:09:59 > 0:10:03Yes, we feel cold because the wind from the fan
0:10:03 > 0:10:05is blowing the heat away from our bodies.
0:10:05 > 0:10:09That's what happens when the real wind blows outside.
0:10:09 > 0:10:12We call it wind-chill and it can make you feel
0:10:12 > 0:10:15really cold, really quickly.
0:10:16 > 0:10:18Oh, that's better!
0:10:18 > 0:10:22Now, the thick walls of the igloo are really good at keeping
0:10:22 > 0:10:27the wind out, but there is one place where the wind can get in.
0:10:27 > 0:10:30Have a look at igloo. Where do you think that might be?
0:10:30 > 0:10:33- The door.- Well, let's see.
0:10:33 > 0:10:37OK, experimenters, I want you to go inside the igloo
0:10:37 > 0:10:41and I'm also going to pop this windmill in with you, too,
0:10:41 > 0:10:45and I want you guys to watch what happens to the windmill
0:10:45 > 0:10:47when I turn the fans on.
0:10:47 > 0:10:50Time to go inside the igloo. Go for it.
0:10:52 > 0:10:55And I'll pop the windmill in.
0:11:04 > 0:11:07What's happening to the windmill?
0:11:07 > 0:11:11- It's moving.- Yes, the wind is blowing straight into the igloo,
0:11:11 > 0:11:15which wouldn't be very good if you were trying to keep warm, would it?
0:11:15 > 0:11:17This time let's try a tunnel.
0:11:20 > 0:11:23So it's a bendy tunnel.
0:11:23 > 0:11:27- So what's happening to the windmill now?- It's not moving.
0:11:27 > 0:11:31That's because this bend is helping to keep the wind out.
0:11:31 > 0:11:34Even though the wind is blowing through the tunnel,
0:11:34 > 0:11:37it can't get round the corner into the igloo.
0:11:37 > 0:11:40# Nina and the Neurons. #
0:11:42 > 0:11:45Your question was are igloos cold inside?
0:11:45 > 0:11:47And I think we've answered it.
0:11:47 > 0:11:51We found out that igloos are made from blocks of squashed snow.
0:11:51 > 0:11:56- Which is a good insulator.- Air trapped in the snow stops the heat
0:11:56 > 0:11:59made by our bodies from escaping through the walls.
0:11:59 > 0:12:03The igloo walls also protect us from the cold wind outside.
0:12:03 > 0:12:07And the bendy tunnel at the door keeps out cold draughts.
0:12:07 > 0:12:10I hope that's answered your question.
0:12:10 > 0:12:12BOTH: Thanks, Nina! Bye!
0:12:12 > 0:12:14You're welcome! Bye!
0:12:16 > 0:12:20If you want to know more about the science that's all around us,
0:12:20 > 0:12:23go to the Nina section on the CBeebies website.
0:12:23 > 0:12:25Have fun!
0:12:25 > 0:12:28# Super structures Super structures
0:12:28 > 0:12:30# Super structures Super structures
0:12:30 > 0:12:32# Super structures
0:12:32 > 0:12:36# Some of them are tall Some of them are wide
0:12:36 > 0:12:41- # They're bumpy, lumpy, wiggly, too - Wiggly, too
0:12:41 > 0:12:43# Some of them are strong Some of them are small
0:12:43 > 0:12:45# Like me!
0:12:45 > 0:12:48# They're windy, whirly whooshy, too
0:12:48 > 0:12:50# All around Look over here
0:12:50 > 0:12:54# Build it, stack it, pile it up
0:12:54 > 0:12:57# Come on, let's get building
0:12:57 > 0:12:59- # Building,- building,- building
0:12:59 > 0:13:02# Race it, hold it, make it stick
0:13:02 > 0:13:06# Come on, let's get building
0:13:06 > 0:13:09# Come on, let's get building
0:13:12 > 0:13:16# Some of them are cosy warm Some of them are chilly
0:13:16 > 0:13:19# Keep us safe and hide us, too
0:13:19 > 0:13:20# Hide us, too
0:13:20 > 0:13:24# Some of them are just for fun Or help us to stay dry
0:13:24 > 0:13:27# They're underground And high up, too
0:13:27 > 0:13:30# Look around Over here
0:13:30 > 0:13:34# Build it, stack it, pile it up
0:13:34 > 0:13:36# Come on, let's get building
0:13:36 > 0:13:38- # Building,- building,- building
0:13:38 > 0:13:42# Race it, hold it, make it stick
0:13:42 > 0:13:46# Come on, let's get building
0:13:46 > 0:13:48# Come on, let's get building! #
0:13:51 > 0:13:54And remember, there are super structures everywhere.
0:13:54 > 0:13:58Whether they're big or small, wide or tall, we can all get building.
0:13:58 > 0:14:00See you again soon. Bye!
0:14:00 > 0:14:03- ALL: Bye!- Get building!