0:00:05 > 0:00:08# If you've got a question and you don't know where to go
0:00:08 > 0:00:11# Ask Nina for some help cos she's got a science show
0:00:11 > 0:00:15# She makes sense of her senses by helping all her fans
0:00:15 > 0:00:18# By doing her experiments with potions and with bangs
0:00:18 > 0:00:20- # Touch your tongue - Tongue
0:00:20 > 0:00:21- # Fingers - Fingers
0:00:21 > 0:00:22- # Eyes- Eyes - Ears- Ears
0:00:22 > 0:00:24- # Nose- Nose
0:00:24 > 0:00:29# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know
0:00:29 > 0:00:32# Luke, he helps us with our eyes and Felix with our touch
0:00:32 > 0:00:35# Ollie sniffs out smells and scents and Belle she hears so much
0:00:35 > 0:00:38# Bud is Ollie's brother, he helps us with our taste
0:00:38 > 0:00:41# They're Nina's little neurons and they're coming to your place
0:00:41 > 0:00:43- # Touch your tongue - Tongue
0:00:43 > 0:00:45- # Fingers- Fingers
0:00:45 > 0:00:46- # Eyes- Eyes - Ears- Ears
0:00:46 > 0:00:48- # Nose- Nose
0:00:48 > 0:00:51# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know Yeah
0:00:51 > 0:00:54# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know
0:00:54 > 0:00:55# Oh, yeah! #
0:00:57 > 0:00:59Oh, hello there.
0:00:59 > 0:01:00Have a look at this.
0:01:00 > 0:01:02It's really good fun.
0:01:07 > 0:01:10Hee-hee. Lots of shiny little domes.
0:01:10 > 0:01:12ALARM BEEPS
0:01:12 > 0:01:14Oh, I hear a beep. I see a flash.
0:01:14 > 0:01:16I wonder what they are going to ask?
0:01:19 > 0:01:22- BOTH: Hi, Nina.- Hi.
0:01:22 > 0:01:25We've got a question for you.
0:01:25 > 0:01:28How are domes built?
0:01:29 > 0:01:33That's a great question. How are domes built?
0:01:33 > 0:01:37Domes are shaped like a whole ball that's been cut in half.
0:01:37 > 0:01:39But how are they built?
0:01:39 > 0:01:42Why don't you come down to my workshop and we'll investigate?
0:01:42 > 0:01:45BOTH: See you soon, Nina. Bye.
0:01:45 > 0:01:47Bye.
0:01:47 > 0:01:50Well, I'm going to need some help to answer this one
0:01:50 > 0:01:52and I know just who to ask.
0:01:52 > 0:01:54OK, Neurons, time to get to work.
0:02:10 > 0:02:13ALL: Neurons at the ready, Nina.
0:02:13 > 0:02:16OK. Today's question is, "How are domes built?"
0:02:16 > 0:02:19Which Neuron do you think will be most useful
0:02:19 > 0:02:21in helping us find the answer?
0:02:22 > 0:02:24It's Luke.
0:02:24 > 0:02:28ALL: Go, Luke. Go, Luke. Go, Luke. Go, Luke.
0:02:32 > 0:02:36Cool, Nina. I'll be looking out to help you.
0:02:36 > 0:02:39Today's question is, "How are domes built?"
0:02:39 > 0:02:42Now, we can see domes at the top of some buildings
0:02:42 > 0:02:45so Luke will be busy today, but stand by, Neurons.
0:02:45 > 0:02:48I've a feeling I may need help from all of you.
0:02:48 > 0:02:50Right, I need to get the workshop ready
0:02:50 > 0:02:53before the experimenters arrive.
0:02:53 > 0:02:55Billy loves maths.
0:02:55 > 0:02:59Katie likes playing Duck, Duck, Goose.
0:02:59 > 0:03:04But they both want to know, "How are domes built?"
0:03:04 > 0:03:06So today, for one day only,
0:03:06 > 0:03:10Billy and Katie become the experimenters.
0:03:14 > 0:03:16- Hi, guys.- BOTH: Hi, Nina.
0:03:16 > 0:03:20Welcome to my workshop and thank you for your great question,
0:03:20 > 0:03:22"How are domes built?"
0:03:22 > 0:03:26Let's start by having a look at these photos.
0:03:26 > 0:03:29Domes can be seen on important buildings like these
0:03:29 > 0:03:30all over the world.
0:03:30 > 0:03:33This is St Paul's Cathedral in London.
0:03:33 > 0:03:37This is the Taj Mahal in India.
0:03:37 > 0:03:39And this is Glasgow Central Mosque.
0:03:39 > 0:03:41Now, what do the domes look like?
0:03:41 > 0:03:43Half a ball.
0:03:43 > 0:03:47Yes. Domes are like a hollow ball cut in half.
0:03:47 > 0:03:49Why do people build domes, Nina?
0:03:49 > 0:03:53Well, sometimes people build domes to make a building look
0:03:53 > 0:03:57important or cover a big space without using any pillars.
0:03:57 > 0:04:01But there is another good reason why people build domes
0:04:01 > 0:04:04and I think we need to get experimenting to find out.
0:04:04 > 0:04:08ALL: Whoo-whoo! An experiment. We're ready, Nina.
0:04:08 > 0:04:11So, we've got some pretend buildings here.
0:04:11 > 0:04:15We've got a cube-shaped building and a dome-shaped building.
0:04:15 > 0:04:18We are going to find out how much space is inside them
0:04:18 > 0:04:21by filling them with these balls.
0:04:21 > 0:04:25- Can you help me count?- Yes, Nina.
0:04:25 > 0:04:28Let's start counting.
0:04:28 > 0:04:29One. That's it.
0:04:30 > 0:04:32Two.
0:04:32 > 0:04:34Three.
0:04:34 > 0:04:37One, two, three, four, five.
0:04:40 > 0:04:42That's good.
0:04:44 > 0:04:48OK, Billy. How many balls did you get into the cube-shaped building?
0:04:48 > 0:04:4918.
0:04:49 > 0:04:53- And what about the dome-shaped building?- 18.
0:04:53 > 0:04:58So the cube and the dome both hold exactly the same number of balls.
0:04:58 > 0:05:02That's right, Ollie, which means that both buildings
0:05:02 > 0:05:05have the same amount of space inside them.
0:05:05 > 0:05:08Now let's find out how big they are on the outside.
0:05:08 > 0:05:12I'm going to undo the cube-shaped building.
0:05:12 > 0:05:15OK. There we go.
0:05:15 > 0:05:19Now I'm going to cut the card that made the dome and you
0:05:19 > 0:05:23guys are going to place the pieces onto the card that made the cube.
0:05:23 > 0:05:25OK? Here we go.
0:05:27 > 0:05:29Here you are, Billy.
0:05:29 > 0:05:30You, too, Katie.
0:05:33 > 0:05:37Here's some more for you and some more for you.
0:05:42 > 0:05:45So, what's happened, experimenters?
0:05:45 > 0:05:47We've used up all the card, Nina.
0:05:47 > 0:05:50Yes, and did we manage to completely cover the cube?
0:05:50 > 0:05:52No, Nina.
0:05:52 > 0:05:55No. We didn't. There's a big space at the end.
0:05:55 > 0:06:00So, more card was used to make the cube shape than the dome shape.
0:06:00 > 0:06:04The cube and the dome do have the same space inside them
0:06:04 > 0:06:06but the dome is more efficient.
0:06:06 > 0:06:10Efficient. Ooh, I like that word. Ha-ha.
0:06:10 > 0:06:14Efficient means that a dome shape will use less material
0:06:14 > 0:06:18than a cube shape for the same amount of space inside.
0:06:18 > 0:06:21But, Nina, you built a little dome.
0:06:21 > 0:06:24How do you build a really big one?
0:06:24 > 0:06:29Good question, Luke. I think we need to go somewhere huge to find out.
0:06:32 > 0:06:36Oh, goody. I love this bit. I wonder where Nina is taking us.
0:06:36 > 0:06:40Nina said we'll see something huge.
0:06:40 > 0:06:45Like a dinosaur. They're really huge. Rarr!
0:06:45 > 0:06:48- I don't think we'll see a dinosaur, Bud.- Sorry, guys.
0:06:48 > 0:06:51No dinosaurs here
0:06:51 > 0:06:52but it is huge.
0:06:54 > 0:06:57So, your question was, "How are domes built?"
0:06:57 > 0:07:00and so far we've discovered that dome-shaped buildings
0:07:00 > 0:07:02are very efficient.
0:07:02 > 0:07:05Now we want to find out how to build a really big dome.
0:07:05 > 0:07:09So we've come here to the Eden Project in Cornwall.
0:07:09 > 0:07:11Are those domes, Nina?
0:07:11 > 0:07:15Yes, and there are eight here. What do they remind you of?
0:07:15 > 0:07:18Big footballs.
0:07:18 > 0:07:19Yes.
0:07:19 > 0:07:22Well, these domes are actually giant greenhouses
0:07:22 > 0:07:25and the space inside is used to grow plants.
0:07:25 > 0:07:26So, let's explore.
0:07:29 > 0:07:32Let's have a look at this lovely waterfall.
0:07:44 > 0:07:46Look at the amazing roof.
0:07:47 > 0:07:50We've got a great view of the dome from up here.
0:07:50 > 0:07:53So let's have a look at the roof. What do you notice?
0:07:53 > 0:07:57- There are lots of shapes joined together.- That's right.
0:07:57 > 0:07:59Let's look carefully at the shapes.
0:07:59 > 0:08:01How many sides do they have?
0:08:01 > 0:08:02Six.
0:08:02 > 0:08:08That's right. And a six-sided shape is called a hexagon.
0:08:08 > 0:08:09Hexagon.
0:08:09 > 0:08:11That's a great sounding word.
0:08:11 > 0:08:17These massive domes are mostly made up of hexagons all joined together.
0:08:17 > 0:08:20Let's do an experiment to see how they work.
0:08:20 > 0:08:23For this experiment, we have got our very own dome
0:08:23 > 0:08:26that's been made with hexagons
0:08:26 > 0:08:28and I want you guys to go around
0:08:28 > 0:08:31and check that all the shapes have six sides.
0:08:42 > 0:08:46- So, did all the shapes of six sides? - No, Nina.
0:08:46 > 0:08:48Some of them have five.
0:08:48 > 0:08:49Well spotted.
0:08:49 > 0:08:53Yes, some of the shapes have five sides, like this one here,
0:08:53 > 0:08:55and they're called pentagons.
0:08:55 > 0:08:58Pentagon. That sounds fancy.
0:08:58 > 0:09:01The pentagon shapes in between the hexagons
0:09:01 > 0:09:02help to make the dome curved.
0:09:02 > 0:09:05If you have a look at this football,
0:09:05 > 0:09:09the pink hexagons are joined to the black pentagon shapes
0:09:09 > 0:09:13just like our dome and they help to make the ball round.
0:09:13 > 0:09:16And you can see what I mean in the big domes behind us.
0:09:16 > 0:09:19I see lots of six-sided hexagons.
0:09:19 > 0:09:22The hexagons have been joined together...
0:09:22 > 0:09:27With a five-sided pentagon in between them to help make the dome curved.
0:09:27 > 0:09:30Brilliant. Well remembered, Neurons.
0:09:30 > 0:09:32How do the domes stay up, Nina?
0:09:32 > 0:09:34That's a great question.
0:09:34 > 0:09:38These domes are huge but we didn't see any pillars holding up the roof.
0:09:38 > 0:09:40So how do the domes stay up?
0:09:40 > 0:09:44I think we need to go back to the workshop for one final experiment.
0:09:44 > 0:09:46So we are going to make our very own dome
0:09:46 > 0:09:49and we're going to make it stay up. OK?
0:09:49 > 0:09:53This dome is a little bit different than the one we saw earlier
0:09:53 > 0:09:57because it's made of different shapes but it works in the same way.
0:09:57 > 0:10:01- Shall we give it a try?- BOTH: Yeah. - OK. Let's go.
0:10:01 > 0:10:03Hold this part for me here.
0:10:05 > 0:10:07And can you see if it's staying up?
0:10:09 > 0:10:12Oh, dear. The dome keeps falling down.
0:10:12 > 0:10:14Oh.
0:10:14 > 0:10:19- So, what's happening, experimenters? - The blocks won't stay up.- Yes.
0:10:19 > 0:10:21I think we need something to hold the blocks
0:10:21 > 0:10:24until they are all in place.
0:10:24 > 0:10:27What does the top of this balloon remind you of?
0:10:27 > 0:10:29A dome.
0:10:29 > 0:10:33Yes, it's like a dome shape. I think this might help us.
0:10:33 > 0:10:36Can you pass the pieces of the dome up to me, please?
0:10:36 > 0:10:39Thank you. Thank you.
0:10:43 > 0:10:46Katie, do you want to pass me one?
0:10:46 > 0:10:48Thank you.
0:10:48 > 0:10:50Lovely.
0:10:50 > 0:10:53It's a tight squeeze but I think it's working.
0:10:53 > 0:10:55Great teamwork, experimenters.
0:10:55 > 0:10:59So all the pieces of our dome are tightly packed
0:10:59 > 0:11:01and they're pushing against each other.
0:11:01 > 0:11:06Now, what do you think will happen when we take the balloon away?
0:11:06 > 0:11:07It will fall over.
0:11:07 > 0:11:11Do you think it will fall over? Well, let's see.
0:11:16 > 0:11:19- Hey! - NEURONS: Hooray!
0:11:19 > 0:11:21It stayed up.
0:11:21 > 0:11:23Because all the blocks are in place,
0:11:23 > 0:11:27they're pushing against each other and holding themselves up.
0:11:27 > 0:11:29And this is the same in a real dome.
0:11:29 > 0:11:31When they're being built,
0:11:31 > 0:11:34they need a structure underneath to hold them up.
0:11:34 > 0:11:36But once all the pieces are in place...
0:11:36 > 0:11:38They push against each other...
0:11:38 > 0:11:40And then the dome can stay up on its own.
0:11:40 > 0:11:42Thanks, Neurons.
0:11:46 > 0:11:49So, your question was, "How are domes built?"
0:11:49 > 0:11:51And I think we've answered it.
0:11:51 > 0:11:55You often see domes in buildings like churches and mosques.
0:11:55 > 0:11:59A dome is like a hollow ball cut in half.
0:11:59 > 0:12:03Domes are efficient because for the same space, they use less material.
0:12:03 > 0:12:06By joining hexagons and pentagons together,
0:12:06 > 0:12:08they can be made into a curved dome.
0:12:08 > 0:12:11All the parts of a dome push against each other
0:12:11 > 0:12:14so they can stay up without any pillars.
0:12:14 > 0:12:17So, I hope that's answered your question.
0:12:17 > 0:12:19BOTH: Thanks, Nina. Bye.
0:12:19 > 0:12:21Oh, you are welcome. Bye.
0:12:25 > 0:12:29If you want to know more about the science that's all around us,
0:12:29 > 0:12:33go to the Nina section on the CBeebies website. Have fun.
0:12:33 > 0:12:37# Superstructures, superstructures, superstructures, superstructures
0:12:37 > 0:12:40# Superstructures
0:12:40 > 0:12:43# Some of them are tall, some of them are wide
0:12:43 > 0:12:47- # They're bumpy, lumpy, wiggly too - Wiggly too
0:12:47 > 0:12:51# Some of them are strong, some of them are small.
0:12:51 > 0:12:52# Like me!
0:12:52 > 0:12:54# They're windy, whirly, whooshy too
0:12:54 > 0:12:56# All around
0:12:56 > 0:12:58# Look over here
0:12:58 > 0:13:02# Build it, stack it, pile it up
0:13:02 > 0:13:04# Come on, let's get building
0:13:04 > 0:13:06# Building, building, building
0:13:06 > 0:13:10# Race it, hold it, make it stick
0:13:10 > 0:13:12# Come on, let's get building
0:13:14 > 0:13:17# Come on, let's get building
0:13:20 > 0:13:23# Some of them are cosy warm, some of them are chilly,
0:13:23 > 0:13:28- # Keep us safe and hide us too - Hide us too
0:13:28 > 0:13:31# Some of them are just for fun or help us to stay dry
0:13:31 > 0:13:34# They're underground and high up too
0:13:34 > 0:13:36# Look around
0:13:36 > 0:13:38# Over here
0:13:38 > 0:13:41# Build it, stack it, pile it up
0:13:41 > 0:13:44# Come on, let's get building
0:13:44 > 0:13:46# Building, building, building
0:13:46 > 0:13:50# Race it, hold it, make it stick
0:13:50 > 0:13:53# Come on, let's get building
0:13:53 > 0:13:57# Come on, let's get building! #
0:13:58 > 0:14:02And remember, there are superstructures everywhere.
0:14:02 > 0:14:06Whether they're big or small, wide or tall, we can all get building.
0:14:06 > 0:14:08See you again soon. Bye.
0:14:08 > 0:14:11- ALL: Bye-bye. - Get building!