0:00:06 > 0:00:08# If you've got a question And you don't know where to go
0:00:08 > 0:00:11# Ask Nina for some help Cos she's got a science show
0:00:11 > 0:00:14# She makes sense of her senses While helping all her fans
0:00:14 > 0:00:17# By doing her experiments With potions and with bangs
0:00:17 > 0:00:19- # Touch your tongue - Tongue
0:00:19 > 0:00:20- # Fingers - Fingers
0:00:20 > 0:00:22- # Eyes- Eyes - Ears- Ears
0:00:22 > 0:00:23- # Nose - Nose
0:00:23 > 0:00:26# Nina and the Neurons Find out what you need to know
0:00:26 > 0:00:29# Nina and the Neurons Find out what you need to know
0:00:29 > 0:00:32# Luke he helps us with our eyes And Felix with our touch
0:00:32 > 0:00:36# Ollie sniffs out smells and scents And Belle she hears so much
0:00:36 > 0:00:38# Bud is Ollie's brother He helps us with our taste
0:00:38 > 0:00:41# They're Nina's little Neurons And they're coming to your place
0:00:41 > 0:00:43- # Touch your tongue - Tongue
0:00:43 > 0:00:44- # Fingers - Fingers
0:00:44 > 0:00:46- # Eyes- Eyes - Ears- Ears
0:00:46 > 0:00:48- # Nose - Nose
0:00:48 > 0:00:50- # Nina and the Neurons find out What you need to know- Yeah!
0:00:50 > 0:00:53# Nina and the Neurons Find out what you need to know
0:00:53 > 0:00:55# Oh, yeah! #
0:00:55 > 0:00:58Testing, testing, one, two...
0:00:58 > 0:01:00Oh, hello there!
0:01:00 > 0:01:03I'm just trying to see if I can make my voice sound louder.
0:01:03 > 0:01:05Can you hear me?!
0:01:05 > 0:01:07Hee-hee!
0:01:07 > 0:01:09BEEPING
0:01:09 > 0:01:13I hear a beep, I see a flash, I wonder what they're going to ask.
0:01:18 > 0:01:20BOTH: Hi, Nina!
0:01:20 > 0:01:21Hi!
0:01:21 > 0:01:23We've got a question for you.
0:01:23 > 0:01:25What is an amphitheatre?
0:01:25 > 0:01:28Oh, that's a great question!
0:01:28 > 0:01:30What is an amphitheatre?
0:01:30 > 0:01:33Amphitheatres are places where people go to see
0:01:33 > 0:01:35a play or a performance.
0:01:35 > 0:01:38Come down to my workshop and we'll investigate.
0:01:38 > 0:01:40BOTH: See you soon, Nina! Bye!
0:01:40 > 0:01:42Bye!
0:01:42 > 0:01:45Well, I'm going to need some help to answer this one
0:01:45 > 0:01:47and I know just who to ask.
0:01:47 > 0:01:50OK, Neurons, time to get to work.
0:02:05 > 0:02:08ALL: Neurons at the ready, Nina.
0:02:08 > 0:02:12OK, today's question is what is an amphitheatre?
0:02:12 > 0:02:15Which Neuron will be most useful in helping us find the answer?
0:02:18 > 0:02:19It's Belle!
0:02:19 > 0:02:20CHEERING
0:02:20 > 0:02:23ALL: Go, Belle! Go, Belle! Go, Belle!
0:02:23 > 0:02:26Go, Belle! Go, Belle! Go, Belle!
0:02:26 > 0:02:27Go, Belle!
0:02:27 > 0:02:30Brilliant! I'm all ears, Nina!
0:02:30 > 0:02:33Today's question is what is an amphitheatre?
0:02:33 > 0:02:36Because amphitheatres help sound travel,
0:02:36 > 0:02:38Belle will be helping us today.
0:02:38 > 0:02:41But stand by, Neurons, I've a feeling I may
0:02:41 > 0:02:42need help from all of you.
0:02:42 > 0:02:46I need to get the workshop ready before the experimenters arrive.
0:02:48 > 0:02:51Arnav loves playing video games.
0:02:51 > 0:02:54Ayomide likes playing fashion games.
0:02:54 > 0:02:58But they both want to know what is an amphitheatre?
0:02:58 > 0:03:02So today, for one day only, Arnav and Ayomide
0:03:02 > 0:03:04become the experimenters!
0:03:10 > 0:03:14- Hi, guys!- BOTH: Hi, Nina!
0:03:14 > 0:03:17Welcome to my workshop and thank you for your great question -
0:03:17 > 0:03:19what is an amphitheatre?
0:03:19 > 0:03:22Well, let's start by looking at some.
0:03:22 > 0:03:27An amphitheatre is a type of theatre where shows and plays are performed.
0:03:27 > 0:03:30Some of them are oval-shaped, some are completely round
0:03:30 > 0:03:33and some are semicircles.
0:03:33 > 0:03:37The stage is at the front and the audience sit on the steps.
0:03:37 > 0:03:42Oh, how does sound get all of the way to the people at the back, Nina?
0:03:42 > 0:03:44That's a great question, Belle!
0:03:44 > 0:03:48Well, let's do an experiment to find out how sound travels.
0:03:48 > 0:03:50ALL: Whoop-whoop! An experiment!
0:03:50 > 0:03:52We're ready, Nina!
0:03:52 > 0:03:57We are going to pretend that, Ayomide, you are on stage singing
0:03:57 > 0:04:01and, Arnav, you are in the audience trying to hear the singing.
0:04:01 > 0:04:05Now, when you make a sound it needs to go through the air to Arnav
0:04:05 > 0:04:07so that he can hear it.
0:04:07 > 0:04:10We're also going to pretend that the spring here is
0:04:10 > 0:04:12the air in between you.
0:04:12 > 0:04:15When you make a sound it pushes the air.
0:04:15 > 0:04:18So, Ayomide, can I ask you to push the spring
0:04:18 > 0:04:20and we'll see what happens?
0:04:26 > 0:04:29- BUD:- Wow! Look, it's wibbly-wobbly!
0:04:32 > 0:04:36Great! You made a wave that moved forwards, through the spring,
0:04:36 > 0:04:39all the way to Arnav.
0:04:39 > 0:04:43When you push the springs, the first loops push the ones next to it
0:04:43 > 0:04:47and that happened all the way along until it reached Arnav.
0:04:47 > 0:04:51Even though you can't see it, sound moves through the air in waves too.
0:04:51 > 0:04:55So when you make a sound, the sound from your voice pushes the air,
0:04:55 > 0:04:59making it wobble. That air wobbles the air next to it,
0:04:59 > 0:05:02until, finally, it wobbles the air next to Arnav's ears,
0:05:02 > 0:05:04so he can hear the sound.
0:05:04 > 0:05:07Now, you guys are quite close together.
0:05:07 > 0:05:11So let's see what happens if we get you to move further apart.
0:05:11 > 0:05:14Arnav, can you move over there for me?
0:05:16 > 0:05:19Now, you've moved further apart.
0:05:19 > 0:05:22There is more air between you, so you've got a longer spring.
0:05:22 > 0:05:25Ayomide, could you push the spring for me again,
0:05:25 > 0:05:28exactly the same as you did before?
0:05:28 > 0:05:31And we'll see if the wave reaches Arnav.
0:05:33 > 0:05:35That's good.
0:05:39 > 0:05:43Oh, the waves aren't going all the way along.
0:05:43 > 0:05:47- So, Arnav, did the wave get to you this time?- No.
0:05:47 > 0:05:50You're right! And that's because you're further apart.
0:05:50 > 0:05:53The same thing happens with sound.
0:05:53 > 0:05:56The further away you are from the person making the sound,
0:05:56 > 0:05:59the further the sound waves have to travel.
0:05:59 > 0:06:02If you're too far away, the sound wave won't reach you
0:06:02 > 0:06:04and you won't hear the sound.
0:06:04 > 0:06:07People at the back of the amphitheatre are a long way away
0:06:07 > 0:06:11from the stage but they can still hear and that's
0:06:11 > 0:06:14because amphitheatres do something clever to make it easier
0:06:14 > 0:06:17for sound waves to travel much further.
0:06:17 > 0:06:21I think we need to go somewhere far away to find out more.
0:06:27 > 0:06:30Hmm, where do you think we're going today?
0:06:30 > 0:06:34Nina said we were going somewhere far away.
0:06:34 > 0:06:36Maybe we're going to the moon!
0:06:36 > 0:06:39I think the moon's a bit too far away, Bud.
0:06:39 > 0:06:43Well, we're not too far away now. In fact, we're here!
0:06:48 > 0:06:52So we've come far away from the workshop to this
0:06:52 > 0:06:54amazing amphitheatre in Lyon, in France.
0:06:54 > 0:06:58This amphitheatre was built a long, long time ago.
0:06:58 > 0:07:03So this is the stage and all those steps are where the audience
0:07:03 > 0:07:05would sit to listen to the performance.
0:07:05 > 0:07:07I hope it's not too noisy.
0:07:07 > 0:07:10In the past, they didn't have microphones
0:07:10 > 0:07:12to make the singers on stage sound louder.
0:07:12 > 0:07:16But it's a long way from the stage up to the back of the audience.
0:07:16 > 0:07:20How did the people at the back hear? Let's do an experiment!
0:07:20 > 0:07:24We are going to pretend to be performers singing on the stage.
0:07:24 > 0:07:27So let's make some noise!
0:07:27 > 0:07:31ALL: La-la-la-la-la-la!
0:07:33 > 0:07:35ALL: La-la-la-la-la-la-la!
0:07:37 > 0:07:38Loo-loo!
0:07:38 > 0:07:42Hey, fabulous performance, experimenters!
0:07:42 > 0:07:45Now, let's see what happens when we do the same thing again
0:07:45 > 0:07:50but this time holding a plastic board in front of our mouths.
0:07:50 > 0:07:52There you go, Arnav. Here we go!
0:07:54 > 0:07:57ALL: La-la-la-la-la-la-la!
0:07:59 > 0:08:01That sounds different this time.
0:08:01 > 0:08:04What did you notice, experimenters?
0:08:04 > 0:08:06It sounds different.
0:08:06 > 0:08:10Yes, and that's because the sound we made hit the hard board
0:08:10 > 0:08:14and bounced off. You see, sound bounces off hard things.
0:08:14 > 0:08:17So have a look at the amphitheatre steps.
0:08:17 > 0:08:20- What do you think they're made of? - Stone.
0:08:20 > 0:08:23That's right! And is stone hard or soft?
0:08:23 > 0:08:25- Hard.- Yes!
0:08:25 > 0:08:28Amphitheatres are made of hard stone so that
0:08:28 > 0:08:29sound bounces off them.
0:08:29 > 0:08:33So the sound from the singer on stage hits the hard stone and keeps
0:08:33 > 0:08:37bouncing all the way around the amphitheatre
0:08:37 > 0:08:41- so everyone inside can hear it. - Sound bounces off hard things.
0:08:41 > 0:08:44Amphitheatres are made of hard stone,
0:08:44 > 0:08:48so the sound bounces all around and everyone can hear it.
0:08:48 > 0:08:53But it's not just the performers on stage that make a noise,
0:08:53 > 0:08:55the audience sometimes make a noise too.
0:08:55 > 0:08:58So let's do an experiment to find out more.
0:09:00 > 0:09:03Now, there are different types of sound.
0:09:03 > 0:09:06There are high-pitched sounds.
0:09:06 > 0:09:10And there are low-pitched sounds.
0:09:10 > 0:09:13- High-pitched!- Low-pitched.
0:09:13 > 0:09:17Do you think the singer on the stage would mostly be using...
0:09:17 > 0:09:19- HIGH PITCH:- ..high-pitched sounds...
0:09:19 > 0:09:22- LOW PITCH:- ..or low-pitched sounds?
0:09:22 > 0:09:26- High-pitched!- That's right. And what do you think about the audience?
0:09:26 > 0:09:29Low-pitched or high-pitched?
0:09:29 > 0:09:32Oh, yes, very good show. Huh-huh-huh.
0:09:32 > 0:09:34- Low-pitched.- That's right!
0:09:34 > 0:09:38We want to hear the high-pitched sounds from the singer
0:09:38 > 0:09:41but we don't want to hear the low-pitched sounds
0:09:41 > 0:09:44from the audience. Let's play a game to show us
0:09:44 > 0:09:46how an amphitheatre does this.
0:09:46 > 0:09:49You guys are going to be the high-pitched sound waves from
0:09:49 > 0:09:53the singer on stage and you'll do something like this!
0:09:53 > 0:09:54La-la-la-la-la!
0:09:54 > 0:09:57- Let me hear you. - BOTH: La-la-la-la-la!
0:09:57 > 0:10:01I'm going to be the low-pitched sounds from the audience.
0:10:01 > 0:10:05So I'll sound like this, oh, mumble, mumble. Ho-ho.
0:10:05 > 0:10:08Oh, pass me a sweet. Hee-hee!
0:10:08 > 0:10:11Our ear is someone sitting at the back of the audience
0:10:11 > 0:10:13trying to hear the singer.
0:10:13 > 0:10:16I'd like you guys to run around the amphitheatre,
0:10:16 > 0:10:20like the high-pitched sounds bouncing off the hard stone.
0:10:20 > 0:10:23I'll do what the low-pitched audience sounds do.
0:10:23 > 0:10:25OK? Let's go!
0:10:27 > 0:10:30- Are you ready?!- BOTH: Yes!
0:10:30 > 0:10:33Three, two, one - go!
0:10:33 > 0:10:38BOTH: La-la-la-la!
0:10:38 > 0:10:40(Mumble, mumble, mumble.)
0:10:40 > 0:10:44BOTH: La-la-la-la-la-la!
0:10:46 > 0:10:49SHE MUMBLES
0:10:49 > 0:10:53Those high-pitched sounds are bouncing all round the amphitheatre.
0:10:53 > 0:10:55Everyone will be able to hear them.
0:10:55 > 0:10:59Nina's low-pitched sounds aren't bouncing anywhere,
0:10:59 > 0:11:02they're staying still, no-one will hear them.
0:11:02 > 0:11:07Stop there, everyone, you've reached the ear at the back! Well done!
0:11:07 > 0:11:11Your high-pitched sounds bounced all around the amphitheatre.
0:11:11 > 0:11:15- But what about the low-pitched sounds?- You stayed still.
0:11:15 > 0:11:16That's right!
0:11:16 > 0:11:20The bumpy shape of the steps in the amphitheatre stops the
0:11:20 > 0:11:23low-pitched sounds from bouncing around.
0:11:23 > 0:11:26It's only high-pitched sounds that can bounce about.
0:11:26 > 0:11:29It's easier for everyone in the audience to hear
0:11:29 > 0:11:32the high-pitched sounds from the singer,
0:11:32 > 0:11:34even if you're sitting at the back.
0:11:34 > 0:11:36# Nina and the Neurons. #
0:11:38 > 0:11:40Your question was what is an amphitheatre?
0:11:40 > 0:11:42and I think we've answered it.
0:11:42 > 0:11:46Amphitheatres help sound go from the stage, to the
0:11:46 > 0:11:49people at the back of the audience.
0:11:49 > 0:11:51Sound travels through the air as a wave.
0:11:51 > 0:11:56The hard stone in an amphitheatre helps the sound bounce around.
0:11:56 > 0:11:59The low-pitched sounds from the audience don't travel...
0:11:59 > 0:12:02But the high-pitched sounds do!
0:12:02 > 0:12:05So everyone can hear the singer! Laaaa!
0:12:06 > 0:12:09So I hope that's answered your question.
0:12:09 > 0:12:12BOTH: Thanks, Nina! Bye!
0:12:12 > 0:12:14You're welcome. Bye!
0:12:16 > 0:12:20If you want to know more about the science that's all around us,
0:12:20 > 0:12:24go to the Nina section on the CBeebies website. Have fun!
0:12:24 > 0:12:28# Super structures Super structures
0:12:28 > 0:12:30# Super structures Super structures
0:12:30 > 0:12:32# Super structures
0:12:32 > 0:12:36# Some of them are tall Some of them are wide
0:12:36 > 0:12:38# They're bumpy, lumpy, wiggly too
0:12:38 > 0:12:40# Wiggly too
0:12:40 > 0:12:43# Some of them are strong Some of them are small
0:12:43 > 0:12:44# Like me
0:12:44 > 0:12:46# They're windy, whirly, whooshy too
0:12:46 > 0:12:50# All around Look over here
0:12:50 > 0:12:52# Build it, stack it up, pile it up
0:12:52 > 0:12:56# Come on, let's get building
0:12:56 > 0:12:58- # Building,- building,- building
0:12:58 > 0:13:02# Race it, hold it, make it stick
0:13:02 > 0:13:06# Come on, let's get building
0:13:06 > 0:13:10# Come on, let's get building
0:13:12 > 0:13:16# Some of them are cosy warm Some of them are chilly
0:13:16 > 0:13:19# Keep us safe and hide us too
0:13:19 > 0:13:20# Hide us too
0:13:20 > 0:13:24# Some of them are just for fun Or help us to stay dry
0:13:24 > 0:13:27# They're underground and high up too
0:13:27 > 0:13:30# Look around Over here
0:13:30 > 0:13:34# Build it, stack it, pile it up
0:13:34 > 0:13:36# Come on, let's get building
0:13:36 > 0:13:39- # Building,- building,- building
0:13:39 > 0:13:42# Race it, hold it, make it stick
0:13:42 > 0:13:46# Come on, let's get building
0:13:46 > 0:13:50# Come on, let's get building! #
0:13:50 > 0:13:53And remember, there are super structures everywhere.
0:13:53 > 0:13:58Whether they're big or small, wide or tall, we can all get building.
0:13:58 > 0:14:00See you again soon. Bye!
0:14:00 > 0:14:04- ALL: Bye!- Get building!