0:00:05 > 0:00:08# If you've got a question and you don't know where to go
0:00:08 > 0:00:11# Ask Nina for some help Cos she's got a science show
0:00:11 > 0:00:14# She makes sense of her senses While helping all her fans
0:00:14 > 0:00:17# By doing her experiments with potions and with bangs
0:00:17 > 0:00:20# Touch your tongue Fingers
0:00:20 > 0:00:23# Eyes ears Nose
0:00:23 > 0:00:26# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know
0:00:26 > 0:00:30# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know
0:00:30 > 0:00:32# Luke he helps us with our eyes and Felix with our touch
0:00:32 > 0:00:36# Ollie sniffs out smells and scents and Belle she hears so much
0:00:36 > 0:00:39# Bud is Ollie's brother he helps us with our taste
0:00:39 > 0:00:41# They're Nina's little Neurons and they're coming to your place
0:00:41 > 0:00:44# Touch your tongue Fingers
0:00:44 > 0:00:47# Eyes ears Nose
0:00:47 > 0:00:51# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know yeah!
0:00:51 > 0:00:53# Nina and the Neurons Find out what you need to know
0:00:53 > 0:00:54# Oh, yeah! #
0:00:56 > 0:00:58Come on. Down you come.
0:00:58 > 0:01:02Oh, hello there. Oh, look at this! Hee-hee-hee!
0:01:05 > 0:01:07Hee-hee-hee!
0:01:09 > 0:01:11Ha-ha-ha!
0:01:13 > 0:01:18So the wind from the hairdryer turns this part and makes it move.
0:01:18 > 0:01:20It's brilliant, isn't it?
0:01:20 > 0:01:22- BLEEP - Oh!
0:01:22 > 0:01:27I hear a beep, I see a flash, I wonder what they're going to ask.
0:01:31 > 0:01:33BOTH: Hi, Nina.
0:01:33 > 0:01:34Hi.
0:01:34 > 0:01:38- We've got a question for you. - How do windmills work?
0:01:38 > 0:01:42That's a great question! How do windmills work?
0:01:42 > 0:01:45Windmills use the wind to do difficult jobs like grinding
0:01:45 > 0:01:49flour and even making electricity.
0:01:49 > 0:01:50But how do they work?
0:01:50 > 0:01:54Why don't you come down to my workshop and we'll investigate?
0:01:54 > 0:01:56BOTH: See you soon, Nina. Bye!
0:01:56 > 0:01:58Bye!
0:01:58 > 0:02:02Well, I'm going to need some help to answer this one,
0:02:02 > 0:02:03and I know just who to ask.
0:02:03 > 0:02:06OK, Neurons, time to get to work!
0:02:21 > 0:02:24ALL: Neurons at the ready, Nina!
0:02:24 > 0:02:27OK. Today's question is how do windmills work?
0:02:27 > 0:02:31Now, which Neuron do you think will be most useful in helping us
0:02:31 > 0:02:33find the answer?
0:02:33 > 0:02:35It's Belle!
0:02:35 > 0:02:36CHEERING
0:02:36 > 0:02:41ALL: Go, Belle! Go, Belle! Go, Belle!
0:02:41 > 0:02:44Brilliant! I'm all ears, Nina!
0:02:44 > 0:02:47Today's question is how do windmills work?
0:02:47 > 0:02:50Now, windmills can be very noisy machines.
0:02:50 > 0:02:53Belle will be helping us today but stand-by, Neurons!
0:02:53 > 0:02:56I've a feeling I may need help from all of you.
0:02:56 > 0:03:00I need to get the workshop ready before the experimenters arrive.
0:03:02 > 0:03:05Aaron likes playing computer games.
0:03:05 > 0:03:07Sylvia loves music.
0:03:08 > 0:03:13But they both want to know how do windmills work.
0:03:13 > 0:03:15So today, for one day only,
0:03:15 > 0:03:18Aaron and Sylvia become the experimenters!
0:03:24 > 0:03:25Hi, guys!
0:03:25 > 0:03:26BOTH: Hi, Nina!
0:03:26 > 0:03:30Welcome to my workshop, and thank you for your great question,
0:03:30 > 0:03:32"How do windmills work?"
0:03:32 > 0:03:35Well, windmills are amazing buildings,
0:03:35 > 0:03:37and they can do all sorts of jobs for us.
0:03:37 > 0:03:41First, let's have a look at a photo of a windmill, and tell me,
0:03:41 > 0:03:45- what does it look like? - It's got bits sticking out.
0:03:45 > 0:03:49Yes, and the parts that are sticking out are called the sails.
0:03:49 > 0:03:53Now, when the wind blows, it pushes against the sails
0:03:53 > 0:03:57and makes them move round, so let's do an experiment to find out more.
0:03:57 > 0:04:02ALL: Woop-woop! An experiment! We're ready, Nina!
0:04:02 > 0:04:05So this tube is our windmill.
0:04:05 > 0:04:07Oh, but I think something's missing.
0:04:07 > 0:04:09It's the sails.
0:04:09 > 0:04:13You're right. We need to add the sails to catch the wind.
0:04:13 > 0:04:15So go for it, guys.
0:04:15 > 0:04:17That's it. Push it right in.
0:04:17 > 0:04:19Woo-hoo!
0:04:21 > 0:04:22Good.
0:04:25 > 0:04:29They're doing great. It looks like a real windmill.
0:04:29 > 0:04:31Well done.
0:04:31 > 0:04:34Now, what else does the windmill need to work?
0:04:34 > 0:04:35The wind.
0:04:35 > 0:04:38Yes, and I've got a fan here that'll be our wind,
0:04:38 > 0:04:42so let's switch it on and get this windmill moving.
0:04:42 > 0:04:44Hee-hee!
0:04:49 > 0:04:52Oh, dear! The sails aren't turning.
0:04:52 > 0:04:55Oh, dear. Something went wrong.
0:04:55 > 0:04:56The sail didn't turn!
0:04:56 > 0:05:00We need to have a look at the photo of the real windmill
0:05:00 > 0:05:04to figure out what went wrong. What do you notice about the sails?
0:05:04 > 0:05:07They're not flat, Nina.
0:05:07 > 0:05:11That's right! The sails on the real windmill are at an angle.
0:05:11 > 0:05:13So let's try that in our windmill.
0:05:13 > 0:05:15That might help.
0:05:22 > 0:05:24Very good.
0:05:26 > 0:05:27That's it!
0:05:27 > 0:05:31OK, let's see if this will help the sails to turn around.
0:05:31 > 0:05:33Here we go!
0:05:41 > 0:05:43Yay, it worked! Ha-ha-ha!
0:05:43 > 0:05:45All: Hooray!
0:05:45 > 0:05:48Let's imagine that this is the wind.
0:05:48 > 0:05:51When the sails were flat,
0:05:51 > 0:05:55the wind pushed the sail backwards
0:05:55 > 0:05:59but it didn't push it round.
0:05:59 > 0:06:01When the sails were at an angle,
0:06:01 > 0:06:04the wind still pushed the sails backwards
0:06:04 > 0:06:06but also to the side.
0:06:06 > 0:06:09So the sails moved round.
0:06:09 > 0:06:12So the wind pushed the sails round in a circle.
0:06:12 > 0:06:14What do windmills do?
0:06:14 > 0:06:17That's an excellent question!
0:06:17 > 0:06:21Well, to find out more I think we need to visit somewhere that's very
0:06:21 > 0:06:25famous for special flowers and special buildings.
0:06:30 > 0:06:33Hmm, where do you think we're going today?
0:06:33 > 0:06:36Nina said somewhere famous for flowers and buildings.
0:06:36 > 0:06:41Maybe it's a castle garden with lovely smelling roses.
0:06:41 > 0:06:44Oh, I hope there are no spiky thorns.
0:06:44 > 0:06:49I don't see a castle but it does look very beautiful.
0:06:56 > 0:07:00So your question was how do windmills work?
0:07:00 > 0:07:03So far we've discovered that windmill sails are at an angle
0:07:03 > 0:07:06and the wind pushes them round.
0:07:06 > 0:07:09Now we want to know what do windmills do?
0:07:09 > 0:07:14We've come to De Kat Windmill near Amsterdam in the Netherlands.
0:07:14 > 0:07:16How would you describe it, experimenters?
0:07:16 > 0:07:18It's big!
0:07:18 > 0:07:21The sails are moving.
0:07:21 > 0:07:24Yes! A long time ago there were lots of windmills all over
0:07:24 > 0:07:28the Netherlands doing lots of different jobs like grinding wheat
0:07:28 > 0:07:30for bread or sawing wood.
0:07:30 > 0:07:33Let's go inside and investigate.
0:07:46 > 0:07:51Sniff, sniff! Fabulous smells! Dry, musty and a whiff of chalk.
0:07:51 > 0:07:54What a racket, Nina!
0:07:54 > 0:07:59This windmill grinds chalk mixed with colour to make powder paint.
0:07:59 > 0:08:03- This is Piet. He's the miller. Hi, Piet!- Hi, there.
0:08:03 > 0:08:06So, Piet, what do these big stones do?
0:08:06 > 0:08:09Well, they're grinding limestone and chalk.
0:08:09 > 0:08:11Why do you get the windmill to do that?
0:08:11 > 0:08:15The stones will be very heavy and my arms are not so powerful
0:08:15 > 0:08:18and not so strong. You know, we're using the wind.
0:08:18 > 0:08:22Can you see what's making the stones go round?
0:08:22 > 0:08:24The big hole in the middle.
0:08:24 > 0:08:30Yes! As the big pole is turning, it's making the stones go round too.
0:08:30 > 0:08:32Let's go upstairs to find out more.
0:08:32 > 0:08:34- Bye, Piet.- Bye-bye!
0:08:50 > 0:08:54- So what can you see in here, experimenters?- Big wheels.
0:08:54 > 0:08:56With teeth.
0:08:56 > 0:09:00So these big wheels with teeth are called cogs.
0:09:00 > 0:09:02Wheels with teeth!
0:09:02 > 0:09:03Munch, munch!
0:09:03 > 0:09:06And this is how they work.
0:09:06 > 0:09:10These are the sails being turned by the wind outside.
0:09:10 > 0:09:14They then make the sideways pole turn and that then makes the
0:09:14 > 0:09:16downwards pole go round.
0:09:16 > 0:09:21But, Nina, that pole is sideways and the one that moves the stones
0:09:21 > 0:09:25- was pointing downwards. - That's right, Luke.
0:09:25 > 0:09:29They're both pointing in different directions, so how do they turn?
0:09:29 > 0:09:33Well, it's because they're both joined to cogs.
0:09:33 > 0:09:38I've got a great experiment that will help to explain how cogs work.
0:09:38 > 0:09:39So let's go!
0:09:42 > 0:09:45So your question was how do windmills work?
0:09:45 > 0:09:50So far we've discovered that sails turn poles and cogs to do
0:09:50 > 0:09:52jobs like grinding chalk.
0:09:52 > 0:09:57Now we want to find out how cogs work, so let's get experimenting.
0:09:57 > 0:10:02So for this experiment, Sylvia, your umbrella is like the sideways
0:10:02 > 0:10:05pole that's turned by the sails from the top.
0:10:05 > 0:10:09Aaron, your umbrella is like the downwards pole that makes
0:10:09 > 0:10:11the stones turn at the bottom.
0:10:11 > 0:10:15So, Sylvia, can start turning the sideways pole, please?
0:10:22 > 0:10:26Oh! The umbrellas are turning.
0:10:26 > 0:10:28So what's happening?
0:10:28 > 0:10:30My umbrella's turning too.
0:10:30 > 0:10:33That's right!
0:10:33 > 0:10:39The ridges on the umbrella are like the teeth on the cogs. Ha-ha!
0:10:39 > 0:10:43The same thing happens with windmills.
0:10:43 > 0:10:47Wind blows the sails round, which turns the sideways poles,
0:10:47 > 0:10:49which turns the cogs.
0:10:49 > 0:10:52These cogs then make the downwards pole go round,
0:10:52 > 0:10:55which turns the stones to grind the chalk.
0:10:55 > 0:10:59So the wind turning the sails grinds the chalk.
0:10:59 > 0:11:00Marvellous!
0:11:00 > 0:11:02Do we still use windmills now?
0:11:02 > 0:11:07That's a great question and, yes, windmills still do amazing things.
0:11:07 > 0:11:09But they don't all look like this.
0:11:09 > 0:11:12Have you seen one like this before?
0:11:15 > 0:11:16Yes, Nina.
0:11:16 > 0:11:19This is called a wind turbine.
0:11:19 > 0:11:24Wind turbine. That sounds interesting.
0:11:24 > 0:11:27Wind turbines work in the same way as windmills do
0:11:27 > 0:11:31but instead of grinding things like chalk, they make electricity.
0:11:31 > 0:11:35The wind still helps us do lots of different jobs every single day.
0:11:35 > 0:11:39# Nina and the Neurons. #
0:11:39 > 0:11:43Your question was how do windmills work?
0:11:43 > 0:11:45I think we've answered it.
0:11:45 > 0:11:50Windmills have angled sails that turn when they catch the wind.
0:11:50 > 0:11:53When the sails turn, they turn a sideways pole.
0:11:53 > 0:11:56Cogs join the sideways pole to a downward pole...
0:11:56 > 0:12:00Which turns big stones that grind things.
0:12:00 > 0:12:05Nowadays we use wind turbines to make electricity.
0:12:05 > 0:12:08So I hope that's answered your question.
0:12:08 > 0:12:11BOTH: Thanks, Nina! Bye!
0:12:11 > 0:12:13You're welcome. Bye!
0:12:16 > 0:12:20If you want to know more about the science that's all around us
0:12:20 > 0:12:24go to the Nina section on the CBeebies website. Have fun!
0:12:24 > 0:12:27# Super structures Super structures
0:12:27 > 0:12:29# Super structures Super structures
0:12:29 > 0:12:31# Superstructures
0:12:31 > 0:12:35# Some of them are tall Some of them are wide
0:12:35 > 0:12:38# They're bumpy, lumpy, wiggly too
0:12:38 > 0:12:39# Wiggly too
0:12:39 > 0:12:42# Some of them are strong Some of them are small
0:12:42 > 0:12:44# Like me!
0:12:44 > 0:12:46# They're windy, whirly, whooshy too
0:12:46 > 0:12:49- # All around - Look over here
0:12:49 > 0:12:53# Build it, stack it Pile it up
0:12:53 > 0:12:56# Come on, let's get building
0:12:56 > 0:12:58- # Building!- Building!- Building!
0:12:58 > 0:13:01# Race it, hold it, make it stick
0:13:01 > 0:13:05# Come on, let's get building
0:13:05 > 0:13:11# Come on, let's get building
0:13:11 > 0:13:15# Some of them are cosy warm Some of them are chilly
0:13:15 > 0:13:18# Keep us safe and hide us too
0:13:18 > 0:13:20# Hide us too
0:13:20 > 0:13:23# Some of them are just for fun Or help us to stay dry
0:13:23 > 0:13:26# They're underground And high up too
0:13:26 > 0:13:29# Look around Over here
0:13:29 > 0:13:33# Build it, stack it Pile it up
0:13:33 > 0:13:35# Come on, let's get building
0:13:35 > 0:13:37- # Building!- Building!- Building!
0:13:37 > 0:13:41# Race it, hold it Make it stick
0:13:41 > 0:13:45# Come on, let's get building
0:13:45 > 0:13:49# Come on, let's get building! #
0:13:49 > 0:13:53And remember there are super structures everywhere.
0:13:53 > 0:13:56Whether they're big or small, wide or tall
0:13:56 > 0:13:57we can all get building.
0:13:57 > 0:13:59See you again soon. Bye!
0:13:59 > 0:14:03- ALL: Bye!- Get building!