0:00:06 > 0:00:08# If you've got a question and you don't know where to go
0:00:08 > 0:00:11# Ask Nina for some help Cos she's got a science show
0:00:11 > 0:00:14# She makes sense of her senses While helping all her fans
0:00:14 > 0:00:17# By doing her experiments with potions and with bangs
0:00:17 > 0:00:19- # Touch your tongue - Tongue
0:00:19 > 0:00:21- # Fingers - Fingers
0:00:21 > 0:00:22- # Eyes- Eyes - Ears- Ears
0:00:22 > 0:00:24- # Nose- Nose
0:00:24 > 0:00:26# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know
0:00:26 > 0:00:29# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know
0:00:29 > 0:00:32# Luke he helps us with our eyes And Felix with our touch
0:00:32 > 0:00:35# Ollie sniffs out smells and scents And Belle she hears so much
0:00:35 > 0:00:38# Bud is Ollie's brother He helps us with our taste
0:00:38 > 0:00:41# They're Nina's little Neurons And they're coming to your place
0:00:41 > 0:00:43- # Touch your tongue - Tongue
0:00:43 > 0:00:44- # Fingers- Fingers
0:00:44 > 0:00:46- # Eyes- Eyes - Ears- Ears
0:00:46 > 0:00:48- # Nose- Nose
0:00:48 > 0:00:51# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know, yeah!
0:00:51 > 0:00:53# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know
0:00:53 > 0:00:56# Oh, yeah! #
0:00:56 > 0:01:0149, 50! Oh, hello there.
0:01:01 > 0:01:04I'm a bit out of breath because I've been exercising.
0:01:04 > 0:01:06- BEEPING - Oh, I hear a beep, I see a flash,
0:01:06 > 0:01:09I wonder what they're going to ask.
0:01:13 > 0:01:17- Hi, Nina.- Hi.- We've got a question for you.
0:01:17 > 0:01:21Why do we get out of breath when we play sport?
0:01:21 > 0:01:23That's a great question -
0:01:23 > 0:01:26why do we get out of breath when we play sport?
0:01:26 > 0:01:27I know all about that.
0:01:27 > 0:01:30I'm still a bit out of breath after doing those star jumps.
0:01:30 > 0:01:33Why don't you come to my lab and investigate?
0:01:33 > 0:01:37- See you soon, Nina, bye.- Bye.
0:01:37 > 0:01:40I'm going to need some help to answer this one,
0:01:40 > 0:01:43and I know just who to ask. OK, Neurons, time to get to work.
0:01:58 > 0:02:01ALL: Neurons at the ready, Nina.
0:02:01 > 0:02:03OK. Today's question is -
0:02:03 > 0:02:06why do we get out of breath when we play sport?
0:02:06 > 0:02:10Which Neuron will be most useful in helping us find the answer?
0:02:10 > 0:02:13ALL: Me! Me! Me! Oh, me!
0:02:13 > 0:02:15Will it be fabulous Felix?
0:02:15 > 0:02:19I can help so very much if you need the sense of touch.
0:02:19 > 0:02:21Will it be beautiful Belle?
0:02:21 > 0:02:26I send messages to brain from ear. If there's a sound, I'll help you hear.
0:02:26 > 0:02:28Will it be lovely Luke?
0:02:28 > 0:02:30For looking and seeing, day or night,
0:02:30 > 0:02:32I'll help you with your sense of sight.
0:02:32 > 0:02:34Will it be awesome Ollie?
0:02:34 > 0:02:37If it's pongy or whiffy but you can't tell,
0:02:37 > 0:02:39my messages help your sense of smell.
0:02:39 > 0:02:41Or will it be baby Bud?
0:02:41 > 0:02:46Sour, salty, bitter or sweet, I'm your taste buddy whenever you eat!
0:02:50 > 0:02:53It's Ollie and Bud!
0:02:54 > 0:02:56CHANTING: Go, Ollie! Go, Bud!
0:03:01 > 0:03:07- Yippee! It's you and me, sis. - Stand by for a taste and smell-athon.
0:03:07 > 0:03:11Today's question is - why do we get out of breath when we play sport?
0:03:11 > 0:03:14Because we breathe through our mouth and nose,
0:03:14 > 0:03:16Bud and Ollie will be helping us.
0:03:16 > 0:03:21I need to get the lab ready before the experimenters arrive.
0:03:21 > 0:03:23Maha likes colouring and painting.
0:03:23 > 0:03:25Rani likes playing with her dollhouse.
0:03:25 > 0:03:28Adam likes action heroes.
0:03:28 > 0:03:30Running in the park is fun.
0:03:30 > 0:03:32Sometimes I get tired when I run.
0:03:32 > 0:03:36Why do we get out of breath when we play sport?
0:03:36 > 0:03:37They all want to know -
0:03:37 > 0:03:40why do we get out of breath when we play sport?
0:03:40 > 0:03:41So today, for one day only,
0:03:41 > 0:03:44Adam, Rani and Maha become the experimenters.
0:03:47 > 0:03:49- Hi, guys.- Hi, Nina.
0:03:49 > 0:03:52Welcome to my lab and thank you for your question -
0:03:52 > 0:03:55why do we get out of breath when we play sport?
0:03:55 > 0:03:58To find out the answer, let's start by using our senses.
0:03:58 > 0:04:03ALL: Whoop whoo! A senses experiment. We're ready, Nina.
0:04:03 > 0:04:06We're going to find out what happens to our breathing
0:04:06 > 0:04:10when we exercise, so let's start by counting your breaths
0:04:10 > 0:04:12when you've not been doing any exercise.
0:04:12 > 0:04:15Ooh! I hope they breathe through their nose, Nina.
0:04:15 > 0:04:19Hey! Mouths are good for breathing too!
0:04:19 > 0:04:22You can breathe through your mouth or your nose,
0:04:22 > 0:04:24but I need you to feel the breaths
0:04:24 > 0:04:27and I want you to count how many in breaths you take.
0:04:27 > 0:04:29And start counting.
0:04:29 > 0:04:30You can use your fingers.
0:04:35 > 0:04:39- Oh, stop counting! - TIMER BEEPS
0:04:39 > 0:04:45- So, how many breaths did you take? - Three.- Four.- Five.
0:04:45 > 0:04:48Brilliant. Now let's count how many breaths you take
0:04:48 > 0:04:50when you've been doing some exercise.
0:04:50 > 0:04:52So start running on the spot.
0:04:52 > 0:04:53Go!
0:04:56 > 0:04:57That's it, good running.
0:04:57 > 0:04:58And stop.
0:04:58 > 0:05:01And start counting your in breaths again.
0:05:08 > 0:05:10- TIMER BEEPS - Stop counting.
0:05:10 > 0:05:12How many breaths did you take?
0:05:12 > 0:05:16- Hold your fingers up. - Seven.- Six.- Six.
0:05:16 > 0:05:20So you all took more breaths when you'd been exercising.
0:05:20 > 0:05:23- And were your breaths bigger than normal?- Yes.
0:05:23 > 0:05:27That's right. When we exercise, we do take bigger breaths
0:05:27 > 0:05:31and that's because our bodies need more of the stuff we breathe in.
0:05:31 > 0:05:34Does anyone here know what that is?
0:05:34 > 0:05:39- Air.- Yes. We breath in air. Our bodies need air to work properly.
0:05:39 > 0:05:43And when we exercise, our bodies need more air than normal.
0:05:43 > 0:05:47OLLIE: Why do our bodies need more air when we exercise, Nina?
0:05:47 > 0:05:49Very good question, Ollie.
0:05:49 > 0:05:51To find out more, let's go and meet someone
0:05:51 > 0:05:54who does lots and lots of exercise.
0:05:57 > 0:06:00OLLIE: Off we go for another adventure.
0:06:00 > 0:06:02Nina said we are going to meet someone
0:06:02 > 0:06:04who does lots of exercise.
0:06:04 > 0:06:07I wonder what type of exercise they do.
0:06:07 > 0:06:09Maybe high jump or long jump or...
0:06:09 > 0:06:13Star jump! Oh, Nina likes those.
0:06:13 > 0:06:16Calm down, little Bud. We're here.
0:06:19 > 0:06:23So, you asked - why do we get out of breath when we play sport?
0:06:23 > 0:06:27And so far we've found out that our bodies need air to work properly.
0:06:27 > 0:06:30But why do our bodies need more air when we exercise
0:06:30 > 0:06:33and do athlete's bodies work in the same way?
0:06:33 > 0:06:36Well, to find out, we're going to meet someone
0:06:36 > 0:06:39who does lots and lots of exercise.
0:06:39 > 0:06:42Sammy is a long-distance para-athlete.
0:06:42 > 0:06:44She does really long races.
0:06:44 > 0:06:48Some of them take hours to complete, like marathons.
0:06:48 > 0:06:52- Hi, Sammy.- Hi, everyone.- Hi. - Thanks for joining us.
0:06:52 > 0:06:55Now, Sammy races in her wheelchair
0:06:55 > 0:06:58and she uses her arm muscles to power the wheelchair.
0:06:58 > 0:07:01Can you show us your arm muscles, please, Sammy?
0:07:01 > 0:07:03Hey! And of course, we have arm muscles too,
0:07:03 > 0:07:05so show me your muscles.
0:07:06 > 0:07:08Yeah!
0:07:08 > 0:07:10Muscles make our arms move
0:07:10 > 0:07:13and they need the air that we breathe to work properly
0:07:13 > 0:07:16and when we exercise, our muscles work more
0:07:16 > 0:07:19so they need more air to keep working properly.
0:07:19 > 0:07:23Let's play a game to show us what happens when we exercise.
0:07:23 > 0:07:27Over there we have a pretend arm with big muscles
0:07:27 > 0:07:30and here we have a big mouth and a nose.
0:07:30 > 0:07:33We've got some balloons and we're going to pretend
0:07:33 > 0:07:35that this is the air we breathe in.
0:07:35 > 0:07:40So I'd like you guys to take this air over to the muscles in the arm.
0:07:40 > 0:07:42Every time air reaches the muscles,
0:07:42 > 0:07:45Sammy will be able to keep them working
0:07:45 > 0:07:46and the arm will move.
0:07:46 > 0:07:50First, let's look at what happens when you or I exercise.
0:07:50 > 0:07:52- Are you ready, experimenters? - Yeah!
0:07:52 > 0:07:55Here you go, Rani. Walking over.
0:07:58 > 0:08:00And walking back, very good.
0:08:03 > 0:08:04Go, Adam!
0:08:08 > 0:08:12That's it. Well done, experimenters.
0:08:12 > 0:08:15The air is getting to the muscles and helping the arm to move.
0:08:15 > 0:08:20- But the arm kept slowing down, Nina. - Well spotted.
0:08:20 > 0:08:22So the muscles didn't get enough air
0:08:22 > 0:08:25to keep working properly all the time.
0:08:25 > 0:08:26So they slowed down.
0:08:26 > 0:08:30Now let's see what happens in an athlete's body, like Sammy's.
0:08:30 > 0:08:31Go!
0:08:33 > 0:08:36That's it, we're going faster now, you can run.
0:08:36 > 0:08:37That's it!
0:08:37 > 0:08:39The big arm is speeding up.
0:08:39 > 0:08:41That's it. Really good.
0:08:46 > 0:08:50Oh, well done, experimenters. Now did the arm slow down this time?
0:08:50 > 0:08:52No, it kept going.
0:08:52 > 0:08:55That's right. When you moved the air the first time,
0:08:55 > 0:08:58you were much slower at getting air to the muscles
0:08:58 > 0:09:01and that's what happens when you or I exercise.
0:09:01 > 0:09:05The second time, you were quicker getting air to the muscles
0:09:05 > 0:09:08and that's what happens in an athlete's body like Sammy.
0:09:08 > 0:09:11She can move air to her muscles faster than we can.
0:09:11 > 0:09:14And that means her muscles can keep working properly
0:09:14 > 0:09:16so she doesn't slow down.
0:09:16 > 0:09:20That's why athletes can move faster than us for longer.
0:09:20 > 0:09:23Why does she not get out of breath, Nina?
0:09:23 > 0:09:25That's a great question.
0:09:25 > 0:09:28Let's go back to the lab for one final experiment.
0:09:28 > 0:09:30- Thank you so much, Sammy, bye.- Bye.
0:09:32 > 0:09:35Now, what happens when you run as fast as you can?
0:09:35 > 0:09:37I have to stop, Nina.
0:09:37 > 0:09:40Yes. That's because when we get too out of breath,
0:09:40 > 0:09:43there isn't enough air to keep our muscles working
0:09:43 > 0:09:45so we have to stop moving.
0:09:45 > 0:09:50Now, let's imagine that these balls are the air inside your body.
0:09:50 > 0:09:53In a moment, the balls are going to start dropping
0:09:53 > 0:09:55out of this side of the tank.
0:09:55 > 0:09:59This is like when you exercise as hard as you can
0:09:59 > 0:10:01and your body uses up lots of air,
0:10:01 > 0:10:05and your job is to add more air to the tank.
0:10:05 > 0:10:08Now, each bucket of air is like a breath.
0:10:08 > 0:10:11This line shows how much air you need in your body
0:10:11 > 0:10:14to keep your muscles working properly.
0:10:14 > 0:10:16So if the balls go below this line,
0:10:16 > 0:10:19your muscles won't have enough air so you'll have to stop exercising.
0:10:19 > 0:10:20Are you ready?
0:10:20 > 0:10:22Yes, Nina.
0:10:22 > 0:10:23Go!
0:10:25 > 0:10:29- That's it.- Come on, experimenters! Keep above the line.
0:10:29 > 0:10:30I don't think they can.
0:10:30 > 0:10:34The balls are dropping through the hole too fast.
0:10:34 > 0:10:37And stop, stop, stop.
0:10:37 > 0:10:39The balls have gone below the line.
0:10:39 > 0:10:43Your bucket breaths couldn't keep enough air in the body
0:10:43 > 0:10:44to keep exercising.
0:10:44 > 0:10:48Let's try the experiment again on this side of the tank
0:10:48 > 0:10:51and this is like when you're not going as fast as you can.
0:10:51 > 0:10:53Ready...
0:10:53 > 0:10:54Go!
0:10:56 > 0:10:58NINA LAUGHS
0:11:08 > 0:11:12And stop. Stop!
0:11:12 > 0:11:16Fantastic. This time you managed to keep the tank topped up with air.
0:11:16 > 0:11:18So why do you think that was?
0:11:18 > 0:11:21The balls weren't coming out as fast.
0:11:21 > 0:11:25That's right. You guys were like tank one.
0:11:25 > 0:11:27When you run as fast as you can,
0:11:27 > 0:11:30your muscles use up lots of air very quickly.
0:11:30 > 0:11:33You can't breathe in enough air to keep your muscles working
0:11:33 > 0:11:35properly, so you have to stop.
0:11:35 > 0:11:40Sammy is like the second tank that stayed above the line.
0:11:40 > 0:11:43She does what athletes call pacing themselves.
0:11:43 > 0:11:46This means she races a bit slower than her top speed
0:11:46 > 0:11:49so her muscles don't use up the air too quickly.
0:11:49 > 0:11:52# Nina and the Neurons! #
0:11:54 > 0:11:55So, your question was -
0:11:55 > 0:11:58why do we get out of breath when we play sport?
0:11:58 > 0:12:00And I think we've answered it.
0:12:00 > 0:12:05- BUD:- We found out that we breathe faster when we play sport
0:12:05 > 0:12:08and take bigger breaths to get more air.
0:12:08 > 0:12:11- FELIX:- Our muscles need air to work properly.
0:12:11 > 0:12:14Athletes are better at getting air to their muscles
0:12:14 > 0:12:19which is why they can go faster than us. Zoom!
0:12:19 > 0:12:21- LUKE:- But pacing ourselves when we exercise
0:12:21 > 0:12:26can help keep us going longer by not getting too out of breath.
0:12:26 > 0:12:29OLLIE: And marathon runners learn to pace themselves
0:12:29 > 0:12:32so they can go for hours without having to stop.
0:12:32 > 0:12:34I hope that's answered your question.
0:12:34 > 0:12:37Thanks, Nina, bye.
0:12:37 > 0:12:39You're welcome, bye.
0:12:40 > 0:12:44If you want to know more about the science that's all around us,
0:12:44 > 0:12:48go to the Nina section on the CBeebies website. Have fun.
0:12:48 > 0:12:50On your marks, get set...
0:12:50 > 0:12:52Go!
0:12:52 > 0:12:56# Get sporty! Doo-bee doo-bee doob doob doo-bee doo doo!
0:12:56 > 0:13:00# Get sporty! Doo-bee doo-bee doob doob doo-bee doo doo!
0:13:00 > 0:13:02# If you're itching for some exercise
0:13:02 > 0:13:04# From your head down to your toes
0:13:04 > 0:13:05# Toes!
0:13:05 > 0:13:08# Why not try out something new and give it a real go?
0:13:08 > 0:13:09# Go!
0:13:09 > 0:13:12# Whenever you are restless and feeling kind of bored
0:13:12 > 0:13:13# Bored!
0:13:13 > 0:13:18# Grab your friends and go outside and try a brand-new sport!
0:13:18 > 0:13:21# Ooooooooooh!
0:13:21 > 0:13:25# Get sporty! Doo-bee doo-bee doob doob doo-bee doo doo!
0:13:25 > 0:13:29# Get sporty! Doo-bee doo-bee doob doob doo-bee doo doo!
0:13:29 > 0:13:31# Spinning, throwing running, jumping!
0:13:31 > 0:13:33# Lots of fun to do!
0:13:33 > 0:13:35# Cycling, diving, sliding, rolling!
0:13:35 > 0:13:37- # It's really up to you - Yoo-hoo!
0:13:37 > 0:13:41# If you're wondering how a swimmer swims or a bike can go so fast
0:13:41 > 0:13:43# Give it a bash and make it last
0:13:43 > 0:13:47# It's time to go get sporty!
0:13:47 > 0:13:48# Ooooooooh!
0:13:48 > 0:13:53# Get sporty! Doo-bee doo-bee doob doob doo-bee doo doo!
0:13:53 > 0:13:57# Get sporty! Doo-bee doo-bee doob doob doo-bee doo doo! #
0:13:57 > 0:14:01And remember, whether it's inside, outside,
0:14:01 > 0:14:05on a bike or in a pool, we can all try something new and get sporty.
0:14:05 > 0:14:07See you again soon, bye.
0:14:07 > 0:14:08ALL: Bye!
0:14:08 > 0:14:09Get Sporty!