0:00:05 > 0:00:08# If you've got a question and you don't know where to go
0:00:08 > 0:00:12# Ask Nina for some help Cos she's got a science show
0:00:12 > 0:00:14# She makes sense of her senses While helping all her fans
0:00:14 > 0:00:17# By doing her experiments with potions and with bangs
0:00:17 > 0:00:19# Touch your tongue Tongue
0:00:19 > 0:00:20# Fingers Fingers
0:00:20 > 0:00:22# Eyes Eyes Ears Ears
0:00:22 > 0:00:23# Nose Nose
0:00:23 > 0:00:26# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know
0:00:26 > 0:00:30# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know
0:00:30 > 0:00:32# Luke he helps us with our eyes and Felix with our touch
0:00:32 > 0:00:35# Ollie sniffs out smells and scents and Belle she hears so much
0:00:35 > 0:00:38# Bud is Ollie's brother he helps us with our taste
0:00:38 > 0:00:41# They're Nina's little Neurons and they're coming to your place
0:00:41 > 0:00:43# Touch your tongue Tongue
0:00:43 > 0:00:44# Fingers Fingers
0:00:44 > 0:00:46# Eyes Eyes Ears Ears
0:00:46 > 0:00:47# Nose Nose
0:00:47 > 0:00:50# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know, yeah!
0:00:50 > 0:00:53# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know
0:00:53 > 0:00:55# Oh, yeah! #
0:00:59 > 0:01:04Oh, hello! I've got myself all a bit tangled. Look at my nice picture!
0:01:04 > 0:01:07I've joined up all the bits of string to make
0:01:07 > 0:01:09a web for my toy spider.
0:01:09 > 0:01:11Tickle, tickle!
0:01:11 > 0:01:15Oh, I hear a beep, I see a flash, I wonder what they're going to ask.
0:01:20 > 0:01:23- Hi, Nina!- Hi!
0:01:23 > 0:01:26- We've got a question for you. - How does the internet work?
0:01:26 > 0:01:29That's a great question! How does the internet work?
0:01:29 > 0:01:33We use the internet all the time to look for websites,
0:01:33 > 0:01:38videos and information. But how does all that stuff get to our computer?
0:01:38 > 0:01:41Come down to my lab and we'll investigate.
0:01:41 > 0:01:45- ALL: See you soon, Nina, bye! - Bye!
0:01:45 > 0:01:48Well, I'm going to need some help to answer this one
0:01:48 > 0:01:52and I know just who to ask. OK, Neurons, time to get to work.
0:02:07 > 0:02:10ALL: Neurons at the ready, Nina.
0:02:10 > 0:02:14OK. Today's question is how does the internet work?
0:02:14 > 0:02:17Which Neuron do you think will be most useful
0:02:17 > 0:02:20- in helping us find the answer? - Me!- Me!- Me!- Me!- Me!
0:02:20 > 0:02:23Will it be fabulous Felix?
0:02:23 > 0:02:27I can help so very much if you need the sense of touch.
0:02:27 > 0:02:29Will it be beautiful Belle?
0:02:29 > 0:02:33I send messages to brain from ear. If there's a sound, I'll help you hear.
0:02:33 > 0:02:38- Will it be lovely Luke? - For looking and seeing, day or night,
0:02:38 > 0:02:40I'll help you with your sense of sight.
0:02:40 > 0:02:42Will it be awesome Ollie?
0:02:42 > 0:02:45If it's pongy or whiffy but you can't tell,
0:02:45 > 0:02:49- my messages help your sense of smell. - Or will it be baby Bud?
0:02:49 > 0:02:53Sour, salty, bitter or sweet, I'm your taste buddy whenever you eat!
0:02:55 > 0:02:56It's Luke and Belle!
0:02:58 > 0:03:02ALL: Go, Belle, go, Luke, go, Belle, go, Luke!
0:03:02 > 0:03:06Go, Belle, go, Luke! Go, Belle!
0:03:06 > 0:03:09Today's question is how does the internet work?
0:03:09 > 0:03:12We use our eyes and ears to enjoy videos,
0:03:12 > 0:03:16games and other things on the internet, so Luke and Belle,
0:03:16 > 0:03:18our seeing and hearing neurons will be helping us today.
0:03:18 > 0:03:22Right, I need to get the lab ready before the experimenters arrive.
0:03:24 > 0:03:26James loves eating lasagne.
0:03:26 > 0:03:28Peter likes watching rugby.
0:03:28 > 0:03:31Zac loves playing superheroes.
0:03:31 > 0:03:34My mum lets me on the internet.
0:03:34 > 0:03:37I watch videos on my computer.
0:03:37 > 0:03:39I just tend to network.
0:03:39 > 0:03:42But they all want to know how does the internet work, so today,
0:03:42 > 0:03:47for one day only, Zac, James and Peter become the experimenters!
0:03:48 > 0:03:50- Hi, guys!- ALL: Hi, Nina.
0:03:50 > 0:03:54Welcome to my lab and thank you for your great question -
0:03:54 > 0:03:55how does the internet work?
0:03:55 > 0:03:59To find out the answer, let's start by using our senses.
0:03:59 > 0:04:02Whoo-hoo! A senses experiment! We're ready, Nina!
0:04:02 > 0:04:04Let's think about the internet.
0:04:04 > 0:04:09- What do you use it for? - Looking at websites.- Playing games.
0:04:09 > 0:04:13Yes, we can look at websites like the CBeebies website.
0:04:13 > 0:04:16And you can look up videos and information, too.
0:04:16 > 0:04:19We can do loads of things on the internet.
0:04:19 > 0:04:22But you always need to let a grown-up know
0:04:22 > 0:04:25- when you want to use the internet. - That's right, Ollie, you do.
0:04:25 > 0:04:28Grown-ups help us use the internet safely.
0:04:28 > 0:04:32So, experimenters, how do you see things on the internet?
0:04:32 > 0:04:35- On the computer. - On my mum's phone.
0:04:35 > 0:04:39Yes, we can use computers, phones or a tablet, like this.
0:04:39 > 0:04:42All these things can use the internet.
0:04:42 > 0:04:46But how do they get to the websites we want to look at?
0:04:46 > 0:04:49Let's play a game to find out.
0:04:49 > 0:04:52We are going to make a pretend Internet.
0:04:52 > 0:04:56Let's imagine that all these knobs are lots of different
0:04:56 > 0:04:59smartphones, tablets and computers all over the world.
0:04:59 > 0:05:02The white ones are in people's homes or offices
0:05:02 > 0:05:07and the red ones are big, huge computers called servers.
0:05:07 > 0:05:10The servers are where the websites are stored.
0:05:10 > 0:05:14Websites are made by people and they're full of words,
0:05:14 > 0:05:19- pictures, videos... - And sounds, and music, Nina.
0:05:19 > 0:05:20And sounds and music, Belle!
0:05:20 > 0:05:24All these things have to be stored somewhere,
0:05:24 > 0:05:28so they're kept in these big computers called servers.
0:05:28 > 0:05:32At the moment, none of the computers on our board are joined up.
0:05:32 > 0:05:36So the people at home or work can't see the websites
0:05:36 > 0:05:40- that are stored on the servers. What can we do?- Join them up.
0:05:40 > 0:05:42Yes, join them up! Connect them.
0:05:42 > 0:05:45Let's get connecting!
0:05:45 > 0:05:47OK...
0:06:03 > 0:06:08Well done, experimenters. All our pretend computers are connected.
0:06:08 > 0:06:13So if this one wants to see a website that is stored on this
0:06:13 > 0:06:18server, then the server will send information all along here...
0:06:20 > 0:06:21..to the computer.
0:06:21 > 0:06:25And the web is so big and complicated that there are lots of
0:06:25 > 0:06:27ways to travel around it.
0:06:27 > 0:06:31And we can see things from all around the world, Nina.
0:06:31 > 0:06:34We can, Luke. It's brilliant, isn't it?
0:06:34 > 0:06:37But what happens when we're connected to the internet?
0:06:37 > 0:06:40How do we get all those pictures and information
0:06:40 > 0:06:42and other brilliant stuff?
0:06:42 > 0:06:45I think we need to go and find out more about how
0:06:45 > 0:06:47all these things zoom about.
0:06:50 > 0:06:55Oh, goody! I love this bit. I wonder where Nina is taking us.
0:06:55 > 0:06:58Nina said we're going to find out how things zoom about
0:06:58 > 0:07:00- on the internet.- Zooming about?
0:07:00 > 0:07:04Maybe we're going to see racing cars? Vroom!
0:07:04 > 0:07:07I don't think it's going to be cars zooming about. Look!
0:07:09 > 0:07:12Wow, experimenters! Look at those big tunnels.
0:07:12 > 0:07:15We'll use those big tunnels to find out more about how
0:07:15 > 0:07:19information travels on the internet when all the
0:07:19 > 0:07:20computers are connected up.
0:07:20 > 0:07:23So all the games and videos and words
0:07:23 > 0:07:28and pictures we might want to see on the internet are found on websites.
0:07:28 > 0:07:31Can you remember where websites are stored?
0:07:31 > 0:07:33Servers.
0:07:33 > 0:07:37That's right, websites are stored on big computers called servers.
0:07:37 > 0:07:39So if we want to look at a website,
0:07:39 > 0:07:43the server has to send a copy of the website to our computer.
0:07:43 > 0:07:47But that server could be really far away in another country.
0:07:47 > 0:07:51So if you want to see a picture of a dinosaur on a website
0:07:51 > 0:07:54from a server in America, the picture has to be sent
0:07:54 > 0:07:57all around the world to our computers here.
0:07:57 > 0:07:59That's really far, Nina.
0:07:59 > 0:08:01It would take days!
0:08:01 > 0:08:05Luckily, it doesn't, Belle. When we click onto a website,
0:08:05 > 0:08:07we see the picture in just a second or two.
0:08:07 > 0:08:11Here's a picture of a big dinosaur.
0:08:11 > 0:08:16- Now, if I tried to run with this, would I be able to go very fast?- No.
0:08:16 > 0:08:20- Do you think I could go through one of the tunnels easily with it?- No.
0:08:20 > 0:08:23No, you're right - it might get stuck.
0:08:23 > 0:08:26That's a bit like information on the internet.
0:08:26 > 0:08:30Big bits of information can't travel very fast and can get stuck when
0:08:30 > 0:08:33there's lots of information around, like a traffic jam.
0:08:33 > 0:08:37But if you break the information into little bits, they can travel
0:08:37 > 0:08:41separately on different cables on the web and get there faster.
0:08:41 > 0:08:44So I'll break up this picture.
0:08:44 > 0:08:47I want you guys to take a piece each and carry them
0:08:47 > 0:08:50through the tunnel as fast as you can and look -
0:08:50 > 0:08:54these pieces are numbered and that will help us at the other end.
0:08:54 > 0:08:57So you'll go through different tunnels, but you'll end up
0:08:57 > 0:09:00at the same place. Ready...steady, go!
0:09:09 > 0:09:12You're all here! But the picture is jumbled up.
0:09:12 > 0:09:16We need to put it back together again and we can use the numbers.
0:09:16 > 0:09:19So who had number one? Number one.
0:09:19 > 0:09:21And number two? Excellent.
0:09:21 > 0:09:24What about number three then, Peter?
0:09:24 > 0:09:26There it is. Number three.
0:09:28 > 0:09:33Well done, experimenters. That's just like how the internet works.
0:09:33 > 0:09:36The server splits up the dinosaur picture
0:09:36 > 0:09:39into lots of tiny, numbered bits and then sends
0:09:39 > 0:09:42them down different cables to our computer.
0:09:42 > 0:09:43At the other end, our computer
0:09:43 > 0:09:47puts them back together so we can see the picture.
0:09:47 > 0:09:51But the internet is really big, so how do we find the things we want?
0:09:51 > 0:09:53Time for another experiment.
0:09:55 > 0:09:57Here we have lots and lots of stuff.
0:09:57 > 0:10:00There's not as much stuff as on the internet,
0:10:00 > 0:10:04- but it's too much for us to look through easily, isn't it?- ALL: Yes!
0:10:04 > 0:10:08For this experiment, we'll pretend all this stuff
0:10:08 > 0:10:10is what's on the internet.
0:10:10 > 0:10:13I need something from our internet.
0:10:13 > 0:10:16You guys will be the search engines that look for me.
0:10:16 > 0:10:19Search engines work by looking for keywords,
0:10:19 > 0:10:22so if you were trying to find a website about dogs,
0:10:22 > 0:10:26the search engine would look for the word "dog" on websites.
0:10:26 > 0:10:31Then it would show you the websites that had something to do with dogs.
0:10:31 > 0:10:34Now, for my search, the keyword is blue.
0:10:34 > 0:10:38Blue! You need to use your eyes, experimenters.
0:10:47 > 0:10:51Fantastic - but I'm sorry, those aren't what I wanted.
0:10:51 > 0:10:55There are too many blue things, Nina. The experimenters didn't know
0:10:55 > 0:10:59- what blue thing you wanted. - You're right, Luke. I didn't give
0:10:59 > 0:11:01the experimenters enough information.
0:11:01 > 0:11:05There are so many blue things, if you showed me them all,
0:11:05 > 0:11:09we'd be here all day. So I need to give you some more keywords.
0:11:09 > 0:11:13OK, the keywords are blue, kitchen and cups.
0:11:13 > 0:11:15Go!
0:11:19 > 0:11:22Blue cups! Perfect. Just what I wanted!
0:11:22 > 0:11:27- Now, how did you know where to look? - We looked at the signs.
0:11:27 > 0:11:32That's right, you saw signs for two of our keywords - kitchen and cups.
0:11:32 > 0:11:36That meant you could narrow the search down to just that area.
0:11:36 > 0:11:40This is really important when you look on the internet.
0:11:40 > 0:11:43I'm sure you would have found me a blue cup eventually without
0:11:43 > 0:11:47the words kitchen and cup, but it would have taken a really long time.
0:11:47 > 0:11:50You need to give search engines the right keywords to
0:11:50 > 0:11:55narrow down their search. One or two words might not be enough.
0:11:58 > 0:12:01Your question was how does the internet work?
0:12:01 > 0:12:03I think we've answered it.
0:12:03 > 0:12:06The internet is lots and lots of websites connected
0:12:06 > 0:12:09all over the world by cables.
0:12:09 > 0:12:13The websites are stored on big computers called servers.
0:12:13 > 0:12:17Information zooms around the internet very fast.
0:12:17 > 0:12:21That's because it's split up into pieces to move around.
0:12:21 > 0:12:25Our computer has to put all the pieces back together at the end,
0:12:25 > 0:12:27just like a jigsaw puzzle.
0:12:27 > 0:12:32We use search engines to find things on the internet.
0:12:32 > 0:12:37They're superfast and work by looking for keywords.
0:12:37 > 0:12:41- So I hope that's answered your question.- Thanks, Nina. Bye!
0:12:41 > 0:12:44You're welcome, bye!
0:12:44 > 0:12:48If you want to know more about the science that's all around us,
0:12:48 > 0:12:52go to the Nina section on the CBeebies website. Have fun!
0:12:52 > 0:12:56- # Go digital - If you want to do it faster
0:12:56 > 0:13:00- # Go digital - If you want to do it better
0:13:00 > 0:13:04- # Go digital - If you want to do it faster
0:13:04 > 0:13:06ALL: Go digital!
0:13:08 > 0:13:12- # Computers and technology help us every day- Yay!
0:13:12 > 0:13:16- # Making our lives easier in each and every way- Way!
0:13:16 > 0:13:20# Help us understand things and make it very clear
0:13:20 > 0:13:24- # They make tricky tasks a piece of cake... #- I like cake!
0:13:24 > 0:13:28# If you're trying to understand the world
0:13:28 > 0:13:30# But the answer is invisible
0:13:30 > 0:13:32# Invisible
0:13:32 > 0:13:35# Use the power of computers
0:13:35 > 0:13:40# Switch it on Switch it on, switch it on
0:13:40 > 0:13:43- # Go digital - If you want to do it faster
0:13:43 > 0:13:47- # Go digital - If you want to do it better
0:13:47 > 0:13:51- # Go digital - If you want to do it faster
0:13:51 > 0:13:54# Go digital! #
0:13:54 > 0:13:58Amazing technology is all around us, making our lives faster
0:13:58 > 0:14:01and easier and giving us an even more exciting future.
0:14:01 > 0:14:04So, wherever you go and whatever you do,
0:14:04 > 0:14:07remember to go digital! See you again soon! Bye!
0:14:07 > 0:14:09- ALL: Bye!- Go digital!