0:00:05 > 0:00:08# If you've got a question and you don't know where to go
0:00:08 > 0:00:11# Ask Nina for some help, cos she's got a science show
0:00:11 > 0:00:14# She makes sense of her senses While helping all her fans
0:00:14 > 0:00:17# By doing her experiments with potions and with bangs
0:00:17 > 0:00:19- # Touch your tongue - Tongue!
0:00:19 > 0:00:21- # Fingers - Fingers!
0:00:21 > 0:00:23- # Eyes.- Eyes! - Ears.- Ears!- Nose.- Nose!
0:00:23 > 0:00:30# Every day we use our senses Wherever we may go
0:00:30 > 0:00:31- # Tongue - Tongue!
0:00:31 > 0:00:32- # Fingers - Fingers!
0:00:32 > 0:00:36- # Eyes.- Eyes! - Ears.- Ears!- Nose.- Nose!
0:00:36 > 0:00:39# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know
0:00:39 > 0:00:41# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know
0:00:41 > 0:00:44# Luke, he helps us with our eyes and Felix with our touch
0:00:44 > 0:00:47# Ollie sniffs out smells And Belle, she hears so much
0:00:47 > 0:00:50# Bud is Ollie's brother, he helps us with our taste
0:00:50 > 0:00:53# They're Nina's little neurons And they're coming to your place!
0:00:53 > 0:00:55- # Touch your tongue - Tongue!
0:00:55 > 0:00:56- # Fingers - Fingers!
0:00:56 > 0:01:00- # Eyes.- Eyes! - Ears.- Ears!- Nose.- Nose!
0:01:00 > 0:01:02# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know
0:01:02 > 0:01:05# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know
0:01:05 > 0:01:07# Oh yeah! #
0:01:08 > 0:01:09Hi, everyone.
0:01:09 > 0:01:12Hi, Nina!
0:01:12 > 0:01:17I have a fantastic experiment to show you using these two liquids.
0:01:17 > 0:01:19They look pretty normal, don't they?
0:01:19 > 0:01:21- Yes.- Yeah?
0:01:21 > 0:01:23Nothing special about them.
0:01:23 > 0:01:27But watch what happens when I mix this luminal powder.
0:01:27 > 0:01:32I'll just pop some in there. That should be enough.
0:01:32 > 0:01:36Can I have the lights dimmed, please?
0:01:40 > 0:01:42Wow!
0:01:42 > 0:01:46Isn't that fantastic?
0:01:46 > 0:01:50Looks brilliant! It's glowing really brightly.
0:01:50 > 0:01:53When luminal powder mixes with different liquids,
0:01:53 > 0:01:56it causes a chemical reaction
0:01:56 > 0:02:00which gives off lots of little flashes of light.
0:02:00 > 0:02:02Lights back up, please.
0:02:02 > 0:02:05Did you know some animals can do this too?
0:02:05 > 0:02:10Like glow-worms, fireflies and even some fish glow in the dark
0:02:10 > 0:02:14just by using the chemicals in their bodies.
0:02:14 > 0:02:15APPLAUSE
0:02:15 > 0:02:17BLEEP! BLEEP!
0:02:17 > 0:02:22I hear a beep, I see a flash, I wonder what they're going to ask.
0:02:26 > 0:02:30Hi, Nina, I'm Alex, I've got a question for you.
0:02:30 > 0:02:33How can we stop bread going mouldy?
0:02:33 > 0:02:38That's a great question! We'll have lots of fun finding this out.
0:02:38 > 0:02:43- I'll be round soon to answer your question.- See you soon, bye.
0:02:43 > 0:02:44Bye.
0:02:44 > 0:02:49I'll need help to answer this one and I know just who to ask.
0:02:49 > 0:02:52OK, Neurons, time to get to work.
0:03:06 > 0:03:09Neurons at the ready, Nina.
0:03:09 > 0:03:14OK, today's question is how can we stop our bread from going mouldy?
0:03:14 > 0:03:18Which neuron will be most useful for finding the answer?
0:03:18 > 0:03:21- NEURONS:- Me, me, me!
0:03:21 > 0:03:24Will it be fabulous Felix?
0:03:24 > 0:03:27I can help so very much if you need the sense of touch.
0:03:27 > 0:03:29Will it be beautiful Belle?
0:03:29 > 0:03:34I send messages to brain from ear, if there's a sound, I help you hear.
0:03:34 > 0:03:36Will it be lovely Luke?
0:03:36 > 0:03:38For looking and seeing, day or night,
0:03:38 > 0:03:41I help you with your sense of sight.
0:03:41 > 0:03:42Will it be awesome Ollie?
0:03:42 > 0:03:45If it's pongy or whiffy, but you can't tell,
0:03:45 > 0:03:48my messages help your sense of smell
0:03:48 > 0:03:49Or will it be baby Bud?
0:03:49 > 0:03:54Sour, salty, bitter or sweet, I'm your taste buddy when you eat.
0:03:58 > 0:04:01- It's Luke!- Yes!
0:04:01 > 0:04:06Go, Luke! Go, Luke! Go, Luke! Go, Luke! Go, Luke!
0:04:06 > 0:04:11Cool, Nina, I'll be looking out to help you!
0:04:11 > 0:04:13Thanks, Luke.
0:04:13 > 0:04:16The question is how can we stop bread going mouldy?
0:04:16 > 0:04:21In order to answer we'll do a lot of looking, so Luke will help us.
0:04:21 > 0:04:24But standby, Neurons, I may need all of you.
0:04:26 > 0:04:29OK, let's go.
0:04:47 > 0:04:50Alex will be finding out about mould
0:04:50 > 0:04:54green mould, brown mould, long fluffy, hairy mould.
0:04:54 > 0:04:58Today, for one day only, Alex and her brother John become,
0:04:58 > 0:05:00The Experimenters!
0:05:03 > 0:05:07- Hi, guys!- Hi, Nina!
0:05:07 > 0:05:11Hi, Alex, thanks for your great question about mould.
0:05:11 > 0:05:13Why did you ask me about mould?
0:05:13 > 0:05:19Sometimes mould grows on the bread and we have to throw it away.
0:05:19 > 0:05:22You wouldn't want to eat mouldy bread!
0:05:22 > 0:05:27No! So to answer your question, we need to find out all about mould,
0:05:27 > 0:05:29to do that we need to go back to my lab.
0:05:29 > 0:05:32Luke, are you ready to help?
0:05:32 > 0:05:34At your service, Nina.
0:05:34 > 0:05:35OK, let's go!
0:05:37 > 0:05:40To most people, mould is disgusting
0:05:40 > 0:05:43but to a scientist like me, it's fascinating!
0:05:43 > 0:05:47In fact, I've even been growing my own mould!
0:05:47 > 0:05:48But first, of all,
0:05:48 > 0:05:52let me show you some fresh samples.
0:05:52 > 0:05:55Ooo, now we've got some soft cheese,
0:05:55 > 0:05:57some jam,
0:05:57 > 0:05:59and some fruit.
0:05:59 > 0:06:01No mould on it at all.
0:06:01 > 0:06:06So, let me show you another sample. Sit that there.
0:06:06 > 0:06:10Here is the sample that HAS got mould on it.
0:06:10 > 0:06:11Gross!
0:06:13 > 0:06:16Look at all that mould that's been growing.
0:06:16 > 0:06:18That's amazing!
0:06:18 > 0:06:24Ha-ha! It's covered in green fuzzy hair, like tiny monsters!
0:06:24 > 0:06:29Mouldy foods can make you feel unwell, you have to be careful.
0:06:29 > 0:06:33Now, mould grows on other things, not just bread.
0:06:33 > 0:06:37I had an orange in my school bag and it went black and mouldy.
0:06:37 > 0:06:41That's right, different moulds grow on different food.
0:06:41 > 0:06:44Let's have a closer look down here.
0:06:44 > 0:06:50Lots of different types of moulds, all different colours and shapes.
0:06:50 > 0:06:52Not all moulds are bad for you.
0:06:52 > 0:06:55Some cheeses are deliberately mouldy,
0:06:55 > 0:06:58and some special moulds help fight disease.
0:06:58 > 0:07:03But ones that grow accidentally on your food are definitely bad for you.
0:07:03 > 0:07:06These samples have grown for two weeks.
0:07:06 > 0:07:10Shall we see some that have been growing for four weeks?
0:07:10 > 0:07:11Yes, please.
0:07:11 > 0:07:14- What do you think they'll be like? - Bigger.
0:07:14 > 0:07:15Hairier.
0:07:15 > 0:07:21No! No, no, no, not the hairy, mouldy, monster food! Argh!
0:07:21 > 0:07:24Hee hee! You make me laugh, Bud!
0:07:24 > 0:07:29Bud, shush! Let's listen to what Nina has to say.
0:07:29 > 0:07:32There's much more mould on the older food.
0:07:32 > 0:07:36Mould is a bit like us, it likes eating food,
0:07:36 > 0:07:39so the more time it has to eat, the bigger it gets.
0:07:40 > 0:07:44The longer we leave food, the more likely it is to grow mouldy.
0:07:44 > 0:07:48But we haven't answered your question,
0:07:48 > 0:07:50I've got an idea for an experiment.
0:07:50 > 0:07:55We'll have to go back to the house, come on, let's go!
0:07:56 > 0:07:59OK, where do you normally keep bread?
0:07:59 > 0:08:03- In the bread bin.- My goodness, what a lot of bread!
0:08:03 > 0:08:08Mmm, I do love the smell of fresh bread.
0:08:08 > 0:08:13- What's that bread, there? - That's left from yesterday's picnic.
0:08:13 > 0:08:16Left over bread! That's perfect for our experiment.
0:08:16 > 0:08:20Let's start by putting it into some bags.
0:08:20 > 0:08:21Bring it over, John.
0:08:23 > 0:08:28Excellent, so one slice there.
0:08:28 > 0:08:34Alex, you put this piece somewhere warm, like the airing cupboard.
0:08:34 > 0:08:37Oh, it'll be lovely and warm in there.
0:08:37 > 0:08:42John, you put this piece somewhere very cold like...
0:08:42 > 0:08:44- Freezer!- Good idea.
0:08:44 > 0:08:49And I'll put a piece back in the bread bin where it's normally kept.
0:08:49 > 0:08:50Off you go!
0:09:03 > 0:09:06Oh, hello! Look, there's one piece of bread left.
0:09:06 > 0:09:09Where will we put that one?
0:09:09 > 0:09:12I was thinking I'd take it home with me.
0:09:12 > 0:09:16Mmm, maybe Nina's going to eat it when she gets home.
0:09:16 > 0:09:20As if Nina would eat an experiment, Bud!
0:09:20 > 0:09:24Now what we'll do is leave the bread where it is for two whole weeks.
0:09:24 > 0:09:28Then I'll come back and see if there's been any changes.
0:09:28 > 0:09:31- Is that OK with you?- Yes!- Yes! - Excellent.
0:09:31 > 0:09:33OK, see you soon, bye!
0:09:33 > 0:09:35- See you soon, Nina.- Bye.
0:09:39 > 0:09:40RING!
0:09:40 > 0:09:43- Hi, guys.- Hi, Nina.- Hi, Nina.
0:09:43 > 0:09:46- Have there been any changes in the bread?- Yes.- Yes.
0:09:46 > 0:09:51- Quite a lot.- Let's collect them. I'll meet you in the kitchen.
0:10:00 > 0:10:02OK, just pop them up there for me.
0:10:02 > 0:10:06- And where was this one kept? - The freezer.- Oh.
0:10:06 > 0:10:09Oh, that's very firm and hard, Nina.
0:10:09 > 0:10:12It sounds like a piece of wood.
0:10:12 > 0:10:17It's frozen solid and look, there's no mould on it at all.
0:10:18 > 0:10:22We can't eat it if it's frozen, we'd have to wait to defrost it.
0:10:22 > 0:10:24Let's look at the next one.
0:10:24 > 0:10:28I collected this one from the bread bin. That's interesting.
0:10:28 > 0:10:33This one's definitely soft, but there's a bit of mould on there.
0:10:33 > 0:10:36So let's have a look at the next one.
0:10:36 > 0:10:39Oh! Oh-oh-oh!
0:10:39 > 0:10:44Whoa! That's one big, furry piece of bread, Nina.
0:10:44 > 0:10:48You're right, this one's really mouldy. Where was this?
0:10:48 > 0:10:52- In the airing cupboard. - Why do you think this is mouldy?
0:10:52 > 0:10:55Because the airing cupboard's warm.
0:10:55 > 0:10:58The airing cupboard is warm. So from our experiment
0:10:58 > 0:11:03we've discovered that mould grows quicker in warm places.
0:11:03 > 0:11:06If you want bread to stay fresh for the longest time,
0:11:06 > 0:11:08keep it in a cool place.
0:11:08 > 0:11:12So is the bread bin in a warm place or a cool place?
0:11:12 > 0:11:17It's quite cool, but it's right next to the cooker and the toaster,
0:11:17 > 0:11:19so it could get warm at times.
0:11:19 > 0:11:24In that case, we should move the bread bin to an even cooler place
0:11:24 > 0:11:26perhaps over here.
0:11:28 > 0:11:31There we go. Even in a cool place,
0:11:31 > 0:11:35if you leave bread long enough, it will go mouldy.
0:11:35 > 0:11:38Nina, where's the bread you put in your bag?
0:11:38 > 0:11:43Um, actually I ate it on the way home last week!
0:11:43 > 0:11:50Hee hee! I remember you did, Nina, and it was very tasty!
0:11:50 > 0:11:53But I did eat it for a scientific reason.
0:11:53 > 0:11:57Eating fresh food is the best way to stop it going mouldy.
0:11:57 > 0:12:01The piece I took away didn't go mouldy at all.
0:12:01 > 0:12:04We should eat the food we buy before it goes mouldy
0:12:04 > 0:12:06so we don't waste good food.
0:12:06 > 0:12:10We've got lots of bread. Maybe we've bought too much.
0:12:10 > 0:12:14If we don't want to waste food, we shouldn't buy too much.
0:12:14 > 0:12:17We should only buy what we need.
0:12:18 > 0:12:23So, Alex, your question was, how can we stop our bread going mouldy?
0:12:23 > 0:12:27We found out that it's not just bread that goes mouldy.
0:12:27 > 0:12:30We also saw mould on cheese and jam
0:12:30 > 0:12:33and the longer we left it the more mould there was.
0:12:33 > 0:12:37We discovered that mould grows quicker in warm places.
0:12:37 > 0:12:42and slower in cool places and it doesn't grow at all in a freezer.
0:12:42 > 0:12:45So we moved our bread bin to a cooler place.
0:12:45 > 0:12:49The best way to stop mould growing on food
0:12:49 > 0:12:51is to eat it before it goes mouldy
0:12:51 > 0:12:55so it doesn't get wasted, which helps protect our planet.
0:12:55 > 0:12:57Thanks, Nina.
0:12:57 > 0:13:01- Bye, guys.- Bye, Nina.- Bye, Nina.
0:13:05 > 0:13:08# Help protect our planet
0:13:08 > 0:13:11- # Go eco!- Go eco!
0:13:11 > 0:13:14# Walk to school or cycle
0:13:14 > 0:13:17- # Go eco!- Go eco!
0:13:17 > 0:13:20# Turn off the tap, switch off the light
0:13:20 > 0:13:23# Recycle what you ca-an
0:13:23 > 0:13:26# Help protect our planet
0:13:26 > 0:13:29- # Go eco!- Go eco!
0:13:29 > 0:13:30# Go eco! #
0:13:30 > 0:13:34Ah, it's been such a great day, man.
0:13:34 > 0:13:38All those different types of mould were so cool to look at.
0:13:38 > 0:13:40Oh, I've had a brilliant day
0:13:40 > 0:13:45listening to Nina explaining all about mould and how it grows.
0:13:45 > 0:13:47I really enjoyed myself today,
0:13:47 > 0:13:53smelling all that delicious fresh bread. Mmmm!
0:13:53 > 0:13:55I've had a fabby day!
0:13:55 > 0:14:00Hiding the slices of bread in different places was great fun.
0:14:00 > 0:14:05We've had a sensational time today, I hope you've enjoyed it too. Bye.
0:14:05 > 0:14:07Bye!
0:14:07 > 0:14:09Subtitles by Red Bee Media Ltd
0:14:09 > 0:14:11E-mail subtitling@bbc.co.uk