0:00:05 > 0:00:08# If you've got a question and you don't know where to go
0:00:08 > 0:00:11# Ask Nina for some help Cos she's got a science show
0:00:11 > 0:00:14# She makes sense of her senses While helping all her fans
0:00:14 > 0:00:17# By doing her experiments with potions and with bangs
0:00:17 > 0:00:19- # Touch your tongue - Tongue!
0:00:19 > 0:00:20- # Fingers - Fingers!
0:00:20 > 0:00:23- # Eyes.- Eyes! - Ears.- Ears!- Nose.- Nose!
0:00:23 > 0:00:26# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know
0:00:26 > 0:00:29# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know
0:00:29 > 0:00:32# Luke, he helps us with our eyes and Felix with our touch
0:00:32 > 0:00:35# Ollie sniffs out smells And Belle, she hears so much
0:00:35 > 0:00:38# Bud is Ollie's brother He helps us with our taste
0:00:38 > 0:00:41# They're Nina's little Neurons And they're coming to your place!
0:00:41 > 0:00:43- # Touch your tongue - Tongue!
0:00:43 > 0:00:44- # Fingers - Fingers!
0:00:44 > 0:00:47- # Eyes.- Eyes! - Ears.- Ears!- Nose.- Nose!
0:00:47 > 0:00:50# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know
0:00:50 > 0:00:53# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know
0:00:53 > 0:00:54# Oh, yeah! #
0:00:56 > 0:00:59Bruuuuum! Brrrrrum!
0:00:59 > 0:01:04Oh, hello there, I'm just playing with my racing car!
0:01:04 > 0:01:07Watch this! Nee-owww! See how fast it goes?
0:01:07 > 0:01:11Oh, I might try the same on this piece of grass.
0:01:11 > 0:01:13Nee-oh...
0:01:13 > 0:01:15That's interesting.
0:01:15 > 0:01:19The car went fast on the road, but much slower on the grass. Hmm...
0:01:19 > 0:01:21BEEPING
0:01:21 > 0:01:24I hear a beep, I see a flash, I wonder what they're going to ask.
0:01:24 > 0:01:27BEEPING
0:01:27 > 0:01:32- Hi, Nina!- Hi, guys! - We've got a question for you.
0:01:32 > 0:01:34How are roads made?
0:01:34 > 0:01:37That's a great question, how are roads made?
0:01:37 > 0:01:40There's clever engineering used to make roads.
0:01:40 > 0:01:43Come down and we'll investigate.
0:01:43 > 0:01:47- See you soon, Nina! Bye!- Bye!
0:01:47 > 0:01:51I'll need help to answer this, and I know just who to ask.
0:01:51 > 0:01:54OK, Neurons, time to get to work.
0:02:09 > 0:02:11ALL: Neurons at the ready, Nina.
0:02:11 > 0:02:16OK. Today's question is, how are roads made?
0:02:16 > 0:02:20Which Neuron will be most useful to help find the answer?
0:02:20 > 0:02:23ALL: Me! Me! Me! Oh, me!
0:02:23 > 0:02:26Will it be fabulous Felix?
0:02:26 > 0:02:29I can help so very much if you need the sense of touch.
0:02:29 > 0:02:31Will it be beautiful Belle?
0:02:31 > 0:02:36I send messages to brain from ear. If there's a sound, I'll help you hear.
0:02:36 > 0:02:38Will it be lovely Luke?
0:02:38 > 0:02:40For looking and seeing, day or night,
0:02:40 > 0:02:43I'll help you with your sense of sight.
0:02:43 > 0:02:44Will it be awesome Ollie?
0:02:44 > 0:02:47If it's pongy or whiffy but you can't tell,
0:02:47 > 0:02:51- my messages help your sense of smell. - Or will it be baby Bud?
0:02:51 > 0:02:56Sour, salty, bitter or sweet, I'm your taste buddy whenever you eat!
0:02:59 > 0:03:01It's Luke!
0:03:01 > 0:03:03CHEERING
0:03:03 > 0:03:07ALL: Go, Luke! Go, Luke! Go, Luke!
0:03:10 > 0:03:14Cool, Nina, I'll be looking out to help you.
0:03:14 > 0:03:17Today's question is how are roads made?
0:03:17 > 0:03:22As we see roads being made, Luke, our sight Neuron, will be helping.
0:03:22 > 0:03:25But I have a feeling I may need help from all of you.
0:03:25 > 0:03:30I need to get the workshop ready before the engineers arrive.
0:03:32 > 0:03:36Isla loves dancing. Mia likes playing with friends.
0:03:36 > 0:03:40I see people digging up roads.
0:03:40 > 0:03:42I use roads all the time.
0:03:42 > 0:03:46Today, for one day only, they are the engineers.
0:03:50 > 0:03:53- Hi, Isla. Hi, Mia.- Hi, Nina.
0:03:53 > 0:03:56Welcome and thanks for your great question.
0:03:56 > 0:03:58How are roads made?
0:03:58 > 0:04:01To find out, let's start by using our senses!
0:04:01 > 0:04:06ALL: Whoop! Woo! A senses experiment! We're ready, Nina!
0:04:06 > 0:04:10I've been playing with my toy car. Cars use roads.
0:04:10 > 0:04:14Roads are specially engineered for traffic.
0:04:14 > 0:04:18They get busy, so it's important that we stay on the pavement
0:04:18 > 0:04:20and be careful when we're crossing the road.
0:04:20 > 0:04:25First, let's look at why we need roads. Look at this.
0:04:25 > 0:04:29We're going to pretend these scooters are cars
0:04:29 > 0:04:33and we'll see which type of road they like best.
0:04:33 > 0:04:35First, we've got sand.
0:04:38 > 0:04:43OK, Isla, step on to the scooter and have a go.
0:04:43 > 0:04:46Oh, dear! The wheels are sinking!
0:04:46 > 0:04:49- What's happening? - The wheels are stuck.
0:04:49 > 0:04:53Yes! And Mia, can you feel the sand for me?
0:04:53 > 0:04:57- Hmm, how does the sand feel?- Soft.
0:04:57 > 0:05:02Yes, sand is very soft, and soft ground is easy to sink into.
0:05:02 > 0:05:05It's your turn now, Mia, and we've got soil next.
0:05:05 > 0:05:09If you can step on there. OK and have a go!
0:05:09 > 0:05:13Oh, that's better!
0:05:13 > 0:05:19Isla, can you feel the soil for me? What does it feel like?
0:05:19 > 0:05:23- It's hard. - Yes, soil is harder than sand.
0:05:23 > 0:05:26But what happens when soil gets wet in the rain?
0:05:26 > 0:05:30It's time to get nice and muddy! Ho-ho-ho!
0:05:32 > 0:05:34Oh, ho-ho-ho!
0:05:34 > 0:05:38OK, Isla, can you use your wellies to make it even muddier?
0:05:42 > 0:05:45The wet soil will be soft and squidgy.
0:05:45 > 0:05:48OK, Mia, have another go.
0:05:48 > 0:05:55Oh, oh... Now the soil is wet, the wheels are sinking in.
0:05:55 > 0:05:58OK, guys, the last one is a rocky surface.
0:05:58 > 0:06:01Isla, it's your turn again, my dear.
0:06:04 > 0:06:06Have a try.
0:06:06 > 0:06:09Oh, now that works really well.
0:06:09 > 0:06:14Can you feel the rocks for me, please, Mia? What do they feel like?
0:06:14 > 0:06:16- Hard.- Yes, rocks are very hard.
0:06:16 > 0:06:21What's why the wheels aren't sinking in. But, what if the rocks get wet?
0:06:28 > 0:06:32OK, can you feel the rocks for me?
0:06:35 > 0:06:38- How do they feel now?- Hard. - They're still hard.
0:06:38 > 0:06:41Isla, can you have another go?
0:06:44 > 0:06:47Cars, lorries and buses are heavy.
0:06:47 > 0:06:51They would just sink into the ground if we didn't have roads.
0:06:51 > 0:06:55Roads give cars a hard surface to drive on.
0:06:55 > 0:06:59And that's why the hard rocks were best for moving our scooter.
0:06:59 > 0:07:02Most roads do contain rocks, but to find out more,
0:07:02 > 0:07:05we'll have to do some "digging around".
0:07:05 > 0:07:08So, come on, let's hit the road!
0:07:13 > 0:07:17- Oh, I wonder where we're going today?- Nina mentioned digging.
0:07:17 > 0:07:20Perhaps it's a spot of...gardening?
0:07:20 > 0:07:24Ah, soft-scented flowers and petals.
0:07:24 > 0:07:29Sorry, guys, but I don't see any flowers. We've arrived!
0:07:29 > 0:07:33These are roadworks. People are working here, fixing the road.
0:07:33 > 0:07:36We've been given special permission to be here.
0:07:36 > 0:07:39Roadworks are dangerous, so we should be careful.
0:07:39 > 0:07:43Wow! A massive hole in the road!
0:07:43 > 0:07:46- What can you see in there, engineers?- Pipes, Nina.
0:07:46 > 0:07:50Yes, Pipes carry lots of important things, like water.
0:07:50 > 0:07:56- Can you see any rocks in the road? - Yes, near the top.
0:07:56 > 0:08:02Yes, engineers put lots of rocks on top to make the roads nice and hard.
0:08:02 > 0:08:07- The rocks are all different sizes. - Well spotted, Luke!
0:08:07 > 0:08:10Engineers put bigger rocks in the ground first,
0:08:10 > 0:08:13then smaller rocks on top to make a road. Come on, girls!
0:08:18 > 0:08:21Inside these trays are two roads.
0:08:21 > 0:08:23Here, I've put small rocks on top of big rocks,
0:08:23 > 0:08:25just like the real road.
0:08:25 > 0:08:30And in this tray, there are big rocks on top of small rocks.
0:08:30 > 0:08:35Let's take our trucks for a road test. There you go, girls.
0:08:35 > 0:08:40And we're going to try this tray first. Big rocks!
0:08:47 > 0:08:51Ha-ha! How does that feel?
0:08:51 > 0:08:55- Bumpy.- Yes, big rocks are hard, so the truck's not sinking,
0:08:55 > 0:08:58but it's far too bumpy for our little truck.
0:08:58 > 0:09:00Let's try the other tray.
0:09:02 > 0:09:04Oh, that's much flatter.
0:09:08 > 0:09:11- What's happening now?- It's easier.
0:09:11 > 0:09:15Having the big rocks underneath means the small rocks
0:09:15 > 0:09:19can squeeze into the spaces in between and flatten out any bumps.
0:09:19 > 0:09:22The top of a road is normally black
0:09:22 > 0:09:26and that black stuff is important, as we're about to find out.
0:09:26 > 0:09:28Let's go, engineers!
0:09:30 > 0:09:33Underneath this new road are small, hard rocks
0:09:33 > 0:09:36and underneath that, are big rocks.
0:09:36 > 0:09:39And then the whole thing has been covered with this black stuff
0:09:39 > 0:09:41and it's called tar.
0:09:41 > 0:09:45"Tar" sounds a bit like "car".
0:09:45 > 0:09:49- Your car will go far on tar. - ALL LAUGH
0:09:49 > 0:09:52Tar is like black glue with small rocks in it.
0:09:52 > 0:09:55When it's hot, it's smelly and sticky,
0:09:55 > 0:09:57but when it cools down, it goes hard.
0:09:57 > 0:10:02- What's that big machine, Nina? - That's called a roller.
0:10:02 > 0:10:07The big, heavy wheel squashes the tar to make a nice flat road.
0:10:07 > 0:10:09Let's go back to our experiment.
0:10:12 > 0:10:17This black glue is a bit like tar, but there's something missing.
0:10:17 > 0:10:21We need tiny rocks to make this black glue like tar.
0:10:21 > 0:10:23Let's mix it in.
0:10:32 > 0:10:34Great, we've mixed it all in.
0:10:34 > 0:10:36We're ready to copy the road engineers
0:10:36 > 0:10:39by spreading this on top of our road.
0:10:47 > 0:10:52Oh, there we are. This black glue is just like tar on a real road.
0:10:52 > 0:10:54It sticks the rocks down firmly.
0:10:54 > 0:10:57We've got one more thing to do to finish it.
0:10:57 > 0:11:00- Can you guess what it is? - Roller it, Nina.
0:11:00 > 0:11:04We need to take the lumps and bumps out of the road
0:11:04 > 0:11:08using a heavy roller to squash the road nice and flat.
0:11:16 > 0:11:18You guys are great road engineers!
0:11:18 > 0:11:22The surface is nice and flat now, so why don't you road test it.
0:11:30 > 0:11:33Brilliant! There are no big bumps!
0:11:33 > 0:11:37The tiny rocks that we put into the glue make the road a bit rough
0:11:37 > 0:11:42and it's that roughness on a real road that helps wheels to grip.
0:11:42 > 0:11:46Gripping the road is very important because it stops cars from sliding
0:11:46 > 0:11:50when they go around a corner, and traffic can stay safe.
0:11:52 > 0:11:55Your question was, how are roads made?
0:11:55 > 0:11:57I think we've answered it.
0:11:57 > 0:12:02Roads have to be hard to stop wheels sinking into them and getting stuck.
0:12:02 > 0:12:05Road engineers use small rocks on top of big rocks
0:12:05 > 0:12:07to help flatten the surface
0:12:07 > 0:12:10and then cover it with a sticky glue called tar.
0:12:10 > 0:12:13Tar contains tiny rocks to make the road feel rough
0:12:13 > 0:12:16and that make wheels grip more easily.
0:12:16 > 0:12:20- I hope that's answered your question.- Thanks, Nina!
0:12:20 > 0:12:24# Nina and the Neurons! #
0:12:26 > 0:12:30Oh, we've had great fun finding out how roads are made!
0:12:32 > 0:12:36If you want to know more about the science and engineering around us,
0:12:36 > 0:12:40visit the Nina section on the CBeebies website. Have fun!
0:12:40 > 0:12:42- # Pulling!- Pushing! - Twisting!- Mixing!
0:12:42 > 0:12:44- # Drilling!- Squeezing!- Floating!
0:12:44 > 0:12:48- # Go engineering! - Go engineering!
0:12:48 > 0:12:51# When you need to fly it make it, shape it
0:12:53 > 0:12:58- # Go engineering! - Go engineering!
0:12:58 > 0:13:02- # When you want to build Go engineering!- Engineering!
0:13:02 > 0:13:06# When you've got to solve a problem but you don't know how to do it
0:13:06 > 0:13:12- # It's time to go engineering! - Engineering!
0:13:12 > 0:13:16# When you want to lift it Stick it, pop it, bend it
0:13:16 > 0:13:21- # It's time to go engineering! - Engineering!
0:13:21 > 0:13:26- # Go engineering! - Go engineering!
0:13:26 > 0:13:30- # When you need to fly it make it, shape it!- Engineering!
0:13:30 > 0:13:34- # Go engineering! - Go engineering!
0:13:34 > 0:13:39# When you want to build Go engineering
0:13:39 > 0:13:41# Go engineering! #
0:13:41 > 0:13:44Ah, it's been such a great day!
0:13:44 > 0:13:47The scooter experiment was lots of fun!
0:13:47 > 0:13:50I've had a brilliant day.
0:13:50 > 0:13:53All that noisy roadworks and machinery!
0:13:53 > 0:13:56I really enjoyed myself today.
0:13:56 > 0:13:59Making our very own road was brilliant!
0:13:59 > 0:14:01Engineers help to build the world around us.
0:14:01 > 0:14:05They make things work and use science to solve problems.
0:14:05 > 0:14:09- See you soon, bye! - ALL: Bye!
0:14:09 > 0:14:12# Nina and the Neurons Go engineering! #