0:00:05 > 0:00:08# If you've got a question and you don't know where to go
0:00:08 > 0:00:11# Ask Nina for some help Cos she's got a science show
0:00:11 > 0:00:14# She makes sense of her senses While helping all her fans
0:00:14 > 0:00:17# By doing her experiments with potions and with bangs
0:00:17 > 0:00:19- # Touch your tongue - Tongue!
0:00:19 > 0:00:20- # Fingers - Fingers!
0:00:20 > 0:00:23- # Eyes.- Eyes! - Ears.- Ears!- Nose.- Nose!
0:00:23 > 0:00:26# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know
0:00:26 > 0:00:29# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know
0:00:29 > 0:00:32# Luke, he helps us with our eyes and Felix with our touch
0:00:32 > 0:00:35# Ollie sniffs out smells And Belle, she hears so much
0:00:35 > 0:00:38# Bud is Ollie's brother He helps us with our taste
0:00:38 > 0:00:41# They're Nina's little Neurons And they're coming to your place!
0:00:41 > 0:00:43- # Touch your tongue - Tongue!
0:00:43 > 0:00:44- # Fingers - Fingers!
0:00:44 > 0:00:48- # Eyes.- Eyes! - Ears.- Ears!- Nose.- Nose!
0:00:48 > 0:00:50# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know
0:00:50 > 0:00:53# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know
0:00:53 > 0:00:54# Oh yeah! #
0:00:55 > 0:00:58- Ha-ha-ha! - SOUND FROM TV STOPS
0:00:58 > 0:01:01Oh, hello! I'm having a great day!
0:01:01 > 0:01:06I've finished watching my favourite DVD and been munching some popcorn.
0:01:06 > 0:01:10I've watching this film five times and it still makes me laugh!
0:01:10 > 0:01:12- BEEPING - I hear a beep, I see a flash.
0:01:12 > 0:01:15- I wonder what they're going to ask? - BEEPING
0:01:17 > 0:01:21- BOTH: Hi, Nina.- Hi, guys. - We've got a question for you.
0:01:21 > 0:01:24How does a DVD work?
0:01:24 > 0:01:27That's a great question! How does a DVD work?
0:01:27 > 0:01:32I love watching DVDs. Come down and we'll investigate.
0:01:32 > 0:01:35- See you soon, Nina. Bye.- Bye!
0:01:35 > 0:01:40I'll need help to answer this and I know just who to ask.
0:01:40 > 0:01:43OK, Neurons, time to get to work.
0:01:58 > 0:02:00ALL: Neurons at the ready, Nina.
0:02:00 > 0:02:05OK. Today's question is, how does a DVD work?
0:02:05 > 0:02:08Which Neuron will be most useful to help find the answer?
0:02:08 > 0:02:11ALL: Me! Me! Me! Oh, me!
0:02:11 > 0:02:14Will it be fabulous Felix?
0:02:14 > 0:02:18I can help so very much if you need the sense of touch.
0:02:18 > 0:02:20Will it be beautiful Belle?
0:02:20 > 0:02:25I send messages to brain from ear. If there's a sound, I'll help you hear.
0:02:25 > 0:02:26Will it be lovely Luke?
0:02:26 > 0:02:29For looking and seeing, day or night,
0:02:29 > 0:02:31I'll help you with your sense of sight.
0:02:31 > 0:02:33Will it be awesome Ollie?
0:02:33 > 0:02:36If it's pongy or whiffy but you can't tell,
0:02:36 > 0:02:40- my messages help your sense of smell. - Or will it be baby Bud?
0:02:40 > 0:02:45Sour, salty, bitter or sweet, I'm your taste buddy whenever you eat!
0:02:48 > 0:02:51- It's all Neurons! - CHEERING
0:02:51 > 0:02:55ALL: Go, Neurons! Go, Neurons! Go, Neurons! Go, Neurons!
0:02:58 > 0:03:01ALL: All Neurons hip-hop-happy to help, Nina!
0:03:01 > 0:03:04Today's question is, how does a DVD work?
0:03:04 > 0:03:07When we watch a DVD, we use all our senses.
0:03:07 > 0:03:10Sight and hearing to see and listen,
0:03:10 > 0:03:13touch and feelings to laugh or cry,
0:03:13 > 0:03:16and there's often a yummy snack to smell and taste.
0:03:16 > 0:03:20Neurons, I think I'll need help from all of you today.
0:03:20 > 0:03:23I must get ready before the engineers arrive.
0:03:27 > 0:03:30Abigail loves the colour pink.
0:03:30 > 0:03:33Eva loves playing hide and seek.
0:03:33 > 0:03:36Sometimes films are very long.
0:03:36 > 0:03:39My favourite film's on DVD.
0:03:39 > 0:03:44Today, for one day only, Abigail and Eva become the engineers.
0:03:48 > 0:03:52- Hi, Abigail. Hi, Eva. - BOTH: Hi, Nina.
0:03:52 > 0:03:57Welcome, and thanks for your great question. How does a DVD work?
0:03:57 > 0:04:00To find out, let's start by using our senses.
0:04:00 > 0:04:05ALL: Whoop! Woo! A senses experiment! We're ready, Nina.
0:04:05 > 0:04:09First, let's have a look and feel of some DVDs.
0:04:09 > 0:04:13- How would you describe them? - It's a round circle.
0:04:13 > 0:04:18They look simple, but remember a DVD can hold a whole film.
0:04:18 > 0:04:21Let's explore what a film is.
0:04:21 > 0:04:25Look at this. This is what we call a flick book.
0:04:25 > 0:04:30It's got a picture on each page. It's really cool, watch this.
0:04:30 > 0:04:33Look! The pictures are moving!
0:04:33 > 0:04:37- That's right, Luke! Did you guys see the pictures moving too?- Yes, Nina.
0:04:37 > 0:04:41Have a look at these books.
0:04:41 > 0:04:46Each picture is slightly different from the one before and after it,
0:04:46 > 0:04:49but when we flick them all together really quickly...
0:04:49 > 0:04:55Oooh! It looks like the pictures are moving. Films work in the same way.
0:04:55 > 0:05:00Pictures are shown very quickly on a screen and look like they're moving.
0:05:00 > 0:05:03What about the sounds on films, Nina?
0:05:03 > 0:05:06Good question, Belle. Sound is played at the same time
0:05:06 > 0:05:09to match the pictures as they flick past.
0:05:10 > 0:05:13Let's try another experiment.
0:05:15 > 0:05:18Your question was, how does a DVD work?
0:05:18 > 0:05:22We've found out that films are made of thousands of pictures
0:05:22 > 0:05:25played one after the other.
0:05:25 > 0:05:27But for DVD players to play films,
0:05:27 > 0:05:31the pictures need to be broken up into even smaller pieces.
0:05:31 > 0:05:37The pictures on a television screen are made up of tiny little squares.
0:05:37 > 0:05:41Look at this. This looks like a normal picture.
0:05:41 > 0:05:44But if I zoom in...
0:05:44 > 0:05:49Can you see that it's made of lots of tiny squares?
0:05:49 > 0:05:53- I can see the tiny squares. - Me too.- Excellent.
0:05:53 > 0:05:58I've got another picture that's made of squares over here.
0:05:58 > 0:06:03- What do you think it is? - A flower, Nina.- You're right!
0:06:03 > 0:06:07It's a flower and it's just like one picture from our film.
0:06:07 > 0:06:11Oh! But we can't put it onto a DVD yet,
0:06:11 > 0:06:15because we need to turn the squares in the picture into a line,
0:06:15 > 0:06:17so the DVD player can look at them quickly.
0:06:17 > 0:06:21How do you turn a picture into a line, Nina?
0:06:21 > 0:06:24A-ha, Bud, keep watching! Watch this!
0:06:45 > 0:06:48Keeping the squares in the same order.
0:06:51 > 0:06:52Nearly there!
0:06:57 > 0:06:59Last row!
0:06:59 > 0:07:02Put it on the end, over here.
0:07:03 > 0:07:07So, what you can see now?
0:07:07 > 0:07:13- A line of squares, Nina.- Yes, we can see a row of coloured squares.
0:07:13 > 0:07:16But when a DVD player reads a long line like this,
0:07:16 > 0:07:20it turns it back into pictures so we can see the film.
0:07:20 > 0:07:23But how does the long line fit onto a DVD?
0:07:23 > 0:07:26To answer it, we're going to get a bit speedy!
0:07:29 > 0:07:32Off we go for another adventure.
0:07:32 > 0:07:35Nina said, we're getting a bit speedy. What can that be?
0:07:35 > 0:07:40Maybe it's a roller coaster! Neeoow! Ha-ha!
0:07:40 > 0:07:43I hope not! Roller coasters make me all messy.
0:07:43 > 0:07:47Panic over, Felix. I don't see a roller coaster.
0:07:47 > 0:07:50But I do see lots of circles.
0:07:51 > 0:07:53So how does a DVD work?
0:07:53 > 0:07:57We've discovered that the pictures on a television
0:07:57 > 0:07:59are made up of tiny squares.
0:07:59 > 0:08:03To play a film, a DVD needs thousands of pictures
0:08:03 > 0:08:07and sound on it. These pictures have to be turned into a long line
0:08:07 > 0:08:10so the DVD can read them fast and we can watch the film.
0:08:10 > 0:08:14But how does a long line fit on a DVD? Let's investigate.
0:08:14 > 0:08:18- Now, what shape is a DVD?- Circle.
0:08:18 > 0:08:23A circle, yes, a round shape. So to fit a line onto a DVD,
0:08:23 > 0:08:26it needs to go around in a spiral shape,
0:08:26 > 0:08:27just like this.
0:08:28 > 0:08:30Ooh...
0:08:35 > 0:08:40Oh! OH! I love...spirals...
0:08:42 > 0:08:45We're going to pretend that this spiral track
0:08:45 > 0:08:47is like a really big DVD.
0:08:47 > 0:08:51Guys, can you see the coloured flags all around?
0:08:51 > 0:08:55I want you to imagine that each flag
0:08:55 > 0:08:59is a piece of picture on the spiral line, ready for us to read.
0:08:59 > 0:09:03As we know, television pictures are made up of squares.
0:09:03 > 0:09:08So we'll pretend this grid is our television screen.
0:09:08 > 0:09:11Eva, you are going to be the DVD player.
0:09:11 > 0:09:15Run around the track and each time you find a coloured flag,
0:09:15 > 0:09:20which is a piece of picture, I want you to shout out the colour.
0:09:20 > 0:09:23And, Abigail, you're the television screen.
0:09:23 > 0:09:27It's your job to take the information from Eva the DVD player,
0:09:27 > 0:09:30and show it as a picture on your screen.
0:09:30 > 0:09:33OK, let's play the DVD!
0:09:33 > 0:09:35Three, two, one, go!
0:09:36 > 0:09:38- Blue!- Blue, get a blue!
0:09:39 > 0:09:43- Quickly, over here, darling. Up here.- Yellow!
0:09:43 > 0:09:45Find a yellow! Go, go, go!
0:09:45 > 0:09:49- Blue again!- Blue!- Well done, Abigail.
0:09:50 > 0:09:52- Blue again!- Grab the blue!
0:09:54 > 0:09:58- Blue again!- Excellent work.- Yellow!
0:09:58 > 0:10:02- Yellow! Well done, Eva, you're doing brilliantly!- Yellow!
0:10:02 > 0:10:04Yellow!
0:10:04 > 0:10:07- Blue!- Blue.
0:10:08 > 0:10:10Blue again!
0:10:12 > 0:10:15- Blue!- Oh, blue! Oohhh!
0:10:16 > 0:10:19- Yellow!- Oh, yellow!
0:10:20 > 0:10:21Blue!
0:10:22 > 0:10:24Yellow!
0:10:24 > 0:10:26Yellow!
0:10:28 > 0:10:30- Yellow!- Well done!
0:10:30 > 0:10:32- Oh, another yellow!- Blue!
0:10:32 > 0:10:35- Blue!- Green.- A green?
0:10:35 > 0:10:38- Yellow!- A yellow.
0:10:38 > 0:10:39Green!
0:10:39 > 0:10:41- Blue!- Thank you.
0:10:41 > 0:10:44Yellow! Blue!
0:10:44 > 0:10:46- Green!- A green?
0:10:48 > 0:10:51Oh, well done, Eva! Come back over!
0:10:51 > 0:10:55Yay! The TV has shown a picture from the DVD!
0:10:56 > 0:11:00Well done, DVD player! Well done, television screen!
0:11:00 > 0:11:06- Look what you've made together. It's a picture of a...- Dog!- Yes, it is!
0:11:07 > 0:11:09What a great experiment!
0:11:09 > 0:11:12Eva, our DVD player, read the picture messages
0:11:12 > 0:11:16and told them to Abigail, our television screen,
0:11:16 > 0:11:21and the screen showed the squares of colour in order and made a picture.
0:11:21 > 0:11:27A real DVD has lots of pictures on it in an even longer line.
0:11:27 > 0:11:30Once a DVD player has read a picture,
0:11:30 > 0:11:34it moves straight on to the next one really quickly.
0:11:34 > 0:11:37It can read 24 pictures every second!
0:11:37 > 0:11:40That's how we can watch films! Great work, engineers!
0:11:43 > 0:11:47You asked, how does a DVD work? I think we've answered it.
0:11:47 > 0:11:49We discovered that to watch a film,
0:11:49 > 0:11:53you need thousands of pictures and sound playing really fast
0:11:53 > 0:11:57and we also discovered that pictures on television screens
0:11:57 > 0:12:01are made up of tiny squares. DVDs contain lots of square pictures
0:12:01 > 0:12:05that have been broken up into a long, spirally line.
0:12:05 > 0:12:08The DVD player reads the squares
0:12:08 > 0:12:11and makes them back into a picture on our TV screens.
0:12:11 > 0:12:15Thanks to very clever engineering, we can watch our favourite films.
0:12:15 > 0:12:20- I hope that answered your question. - Thanks, Nina.- You're welcome.
0:12:26 > 0:12:30We've had a brilliant time learning all about how a DVD works!
0:12:33 > 0:12:37To know more about the science and engineering around us,
0:12:37 > 0:12:40visit the Nina section on the CBeebies website. Have fun!
0:12:40 > 0:12:42- # Pulling!- Pushing! - Twisting!- Mixing!
0:12:42 > 0:12:45- # Drilling!- Squeezing!- Floating!
0:12:45 > 0:12:49- # Go engineering! - Go engineering!
0:12:49 > 0:12:52# When you need to fly it make it, shape it
0:12:54 > 0:12:59- # Go engineering! - Go engineering!
0:12:59 > 0:13:03- # When you want to build Go engineering!- Engineering!
0:13:03 > 0:13:07# When you've got to solve a problem but you don't know how to do it
0:13:07 > 0:13:12- # It's time to go engineering! - Engineering!
0:13:12 > 0:13:17# When you want to lift it stick it, pop it, bend it
0:13:17 > 0:13:21- # It's time to go engineering! - Engineering!
0:13:21 > 0:13:26- # Go engineering! - Go engineering!
0:13:26 > 0:13:31- # When you need to fly it make it, shape it!- Engineering!
0:13:31 > 0:13:35- # Go engineering! - Go engineering!
0:13:35 > 0:13:39# When you want to build go engineering
0:13:39 > 0:13:42# Go engineering! #
0:13:42 > 0:13:45Ah, it's been such a great day, man,
0:13:45 > 0:13:47The flick book was amazing.
0:13:47 > 0:13:50I've really enjoyed myself today.
0:13:50 > 0:13:53Just a shame I couldn't smell Nina's flowers.
0:13:53 > 0:13:55I've had a fabby day!
0:13:55 > 0:13:58Especially when they made the big spiral!
0:13:58 > 0:14:02Engineers help to build the world around us.
0:14:02 > 0:14:05They make things work and use science to solve problems.
0:14:05 > 0:14:08- See you soon, bye! - ALL: Bye!
0:14:08 > 0:14:11Subtitles by Red Bee Media Ltd