0:00:05 > 0:00:08# If you've got a question and you don't know where to go
0:00:08 > 0:00:11# Ask Nina for some help Cos she's got a science show
0:00:11 > 0:00:14# She makes sense of her senses While helping all her fans
0:00:14 > 0:00:17# By doing her experiments with potions and with bangs
0:00:17 > 0:00:19- # Touch your tongue - Tongue!
0:00:19 > 0:00:20- # Fingers - Fingers!
0:00:20 > 0:00:23- # Eyes.- Eyes! - Ears.- Ears!- Nose.- Nose!
0:00:23 > 0:00:26# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know
0:00:26 > 0:00:30# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know
0:00:30 > 0:00:32# Luke, he helps us with our eyes and Felix with our touch
0:00:32 > 0:00:36# Ollie sniffs out smells And Belle, she hears so much
0:00:36 > 0:00:38# Bud is Ollie's brother He helps us with our taste
0:00:38 > 0:00:41# They're Nina's little Neurons And they're coming to your place!
0:00:41 > 0:00:43- # Touch your tongue - Tongue!
0:00:43 > 0:00:44- # Fingers - Fingers!
0:00:44 > 0:00:47- # Eyes.- Eyes! - Ears.- Ears!- Nose.- Nose!
0:00:47 > 0:00:51# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know
0:00:51 > 0:00:54# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know
0:00:54 > 0:00:55# Oh, yeah! #
0:00:59 > 0:01:03Go further down, diver, further down!
0:01:03 > 0:01:05Oh. Oh, hello!
0:01:05 > 0:01:10I'm just...testing my new tank. Yes. It's looking very good.
0:01:10 > 0:01:12BEEPING
0:01:12 > 0:01:16I hear a beep, I see a flash, I wonder what they're going to ask.
0:01:22 > 0:01:24- ALL: Hi, Nina.- Hi, guys.
0:01:24 > 0:01:28- We've got a question for you. - How do divers breathe underwater?
0:01:28 > 0:01:32That's a great question. How do divers breathe underwater?
0:01:32 > 0:01:35Divers can swim down to the bottom of the sea
0:01:35 > 0:01:38and stay there for a long time but how do they do it?
0:01:38 > 0:01:41Come to my workshop and we'll investigate.
0:01:41 > 0:01:43ALL: See you soon, Nina. Bye!
0:01:43 > 0:01:44Bye.
0:01:44 > 0:01:47Well, I'm going to need some help to answer this one
0:01:47 > 0:01:49and I know just who to ask.
0:01:49 > 0:01:52OK, Neurons, time to get to work.
0:02:06 > 0:02:09ALL: Neurons at the ready, Nina.
0:02:09 > 0:02:13OK. Today's question is, how do divers breathe underwater?
0:02:13 > 0:02:17Which Neuron will be most useful to help find the answer?
0:02:17 > 0:02:20ALL: Me! Me! Me! Oh, me!
0:02:20 > 0:02:23Will it be fabulous Felix?
0:02:23 > 0:02:27I can help so very much if you need the sense of touch.
0:02:27 > 0:02:29Will it be beautiful Belle?
0:02:29 > 0:02:33I send messages to brain from ear. If there's a sound, I'll help you hear.
0:02:33 > 0:02:35Will it be lovely Luke?
0:02:35 > 0:02:38For looking and seeing, day or night,
0:02:38 > 0:02:40I'll help you with your sense of sight.
0:02:40 > 0:02:42Will it be awesome Ollie?
0:02:42 > 0:02:45If it's pongy or whiffy but you can't tell,
0:02:45 > 0:02:49- my messages help your sense of smell. - Or will it be baby Bud?
0:02:49 > 0:02:54Sour, salty, bitter or sweet, I'm your taste buddy whenever you eat!
0:02:57 > 0:02:59It's Felix.
0:02:59 > 0:03:01CHEERING
0:03:01 > 0:03:05Go, Felix! Go, Felix! Go, Felix! Go, Felix! Go, Felix!
0:03:05 > 0:03:08Go, Felix! Go, Felix!
0:03:08 > 0:03:12Marvellous. A little touch can mean so much, Nina.
0:03:12 > 0:03:17Today's question is, how do divers breathe underwater?
0:03:17 > 0:03:20When we go swimming, we can feel the water all around us.
0:03:20 > 0:03:23Felix, our touch neuron, will be helping us.
0:03:23 > 0:03:27But stand by, Neurons. I may need help from all of you.
0:03:27 > 0:03:31I need to get the workshop ready before the Engineers arrive.
0:03:33 > 0:03:39Josh loves music. Dan likes rugby. Jack loves climbing.
0:03:39 > 0:03:41I can't breathe underwater.
0:03:41 > 0:03:44Divers can go underwater for a long time.
0:03:44 > 0:03:47How do divers breathe underwater?
0:03:47 > 0:03:52So today, for one day only, Josh, Dan and Jack become...the Engineers.
0:03:54 > 0:03:58- Hi, guys.- ALL: Hi, Nina. - Welcome to my workshop.
0:03:58 > 0:04:02Thanks for your great question, how do divers breathe underwater?
0:04:02 > 0:04:04Lots of people like to swim underwater
0:04:04 > 0:04:07so they can see all the different fish.
0:04:07 > 0:04:10And divers can stay underwater for a very long time.
0:04:10 > 0:04:11But how do they do it?
0:04:11 > 0:04:15To find out the answer, let's start by using our senses.
0:04:15 > 0:04:19ALL: Whoo-whoo! A senses experiment! We're ready, Nina.
0:04:19 > 0:04:21OK, Engineers.
0:04:21 > 0:04:25Can you hold a hand in front of your nose and mouth like this?
0:04:25 > 0:04:29Now, can you feel the air going in and out?
0:04:29 > 0:04:32- Yes.- Yes.- Yeah.
0:04:32 > 0:04:37It feels funny, Nina, like the air is tickling my fingers.
0:04:37 > 0:04:39Have a look at this little toy man.
0:04:39 > 0:04:44He has air all around him, just like us, so he can breathe.
0:04:44 > 0:04:47But what if he goes underwater?
0:04:48 > 0:04:50Whoo! Here he goes.
0:04:54 > 0:04:57Now he has water all around him instead of air,
0:04:57 > 0:04:59which means he can't breathe.
0:04:59 > 0:05:03So he would have to swim back up to the top to get some air.
0:05:03 > 0:05:07Come on, diver. Whoo! There you go, little diving man.
0:05:07 > 0:05:10You're back at the top so you can breathe again.
0:05:10 > 0:05:14But real divers need to stay underwater for much longer.
0:05:14 > 0:05:17They need air underwater to breathe.
0:05:17 > 0:05:20Engineering is all about problem solving,
0:05:20 > 0:05:23so let's see if it can help us find a way to get air
0:05:23 > 0:05:27to a little toy man when he goes down to the bottom of the tank.
0:05:27 > 0:05:28Whoo!
0:05:31 > 0:05:34- Who knows what this is? - A straw, Nina.
0:05:34 > 0:05:38If our toy man had a tube with one end in the air sticking out
0:05:38 > 0:05:41of the water and the other end in his mouth under the water,
0:05:41 > 0:05:43then he'd be able to breathe.
0:05:43 > 0:05:47So let's see if I can blow some bubbles down to our toy man.
0:05:50 > 0:05:51SHE BLOWS BUBBLES
0:05:53 > 0:05:56It's working. I see lots of bubbles.
0:05:56 > 0:05:59So, we managed to get air down to our little toy man.
0:05:59 > 0:06:04We got air underwater. Some very clever animals do this, too.
0:06:04 > 0:06:05Let me show you.
0:06:05 > 0:06:08When elephants go swimming underwater,
0:06:08 > 0:06:12they use their trunks to breathe air from out the top of the water.
0:06:12 > 0:06:15Can we breathe underwater like that?
0:06:15 > 0:06:17That's a great question.
0:06:17 > 0:06:21To find out, we need to go somewhere that's very fun and very, very wet.
0:06:21 > 0:06:22Let's go, Engineers.
0:06:22 > 0:06:24Yeah!
0:06:29 > 0:06:31FELIX: Where is Nina taking us?
0:06:31 > 0:06:34- BELLE:- Nina said somewhere wet and fun.
0:06:34 > 0:06:40Maybe we're going for ice cream. That's wet and fun and it's yummy!
0:06:40 > 0:06:43- LUKE:- This doesn't look like an ice-cream shop.
0:06:43 > 0:06:46Now, I know you guys can all swim
0:06:46 > 0:06:49and we've come here to this swimming pool.
0:06:49 > 0:06:52Always have an adult with you when you go swimming.
0:06:52 > 0:06:55We're going to try breathing air through a tube
0:06:55 > 0:06:59when we're under the water. And we're going to use one of these.
0:06:59 > 0:07:03It's a bit like the straw we had in the workshop.
0:07:03 > 0:07:05This is called a snorkel.
0:07:05 > 0:07:07A snork what?
0:07:07 > 0:07:10A snorkel, Bud. It's called a snorkel.
0:07:10 > 0:07:15It's a special tube that people use for breathing underwater.
0:07:15 > 0:07:18- Now, who wants to go for a swim? - ALL: Me!
0:07:18 > 0:07:22I love swimming, even if the water goes up my nose sometimes.
0:07:22 > 0:07:26OK, Engineers. It's time to try your snorkels.
0:07:26 > 0:07:30Put your face in the water and breathe air in through your snorkel.
0:07:30 > 0:07:31Go!
0:07:33 > 0:07:35ALL BREATHE LOUDLY
0:07:38 > 0:07:41Could you breathe with your face under the water?
0:07:41 > 0:07:44Yes, Nina, I could breathe underwater.
0:07:44 > 0:07:49Brilliant. Now we're going to have a test to see how useful snorkels are.
0:07:49 > 0:07:53There are coloured plastic dolphins on the bottom of the pool.
0:07:53 > 0:07:56Now, we have to swim across and look underwater.
0:07:56 > 0:08:00Now, Jack, I want you to count the green dolphins.
0:08:00 > 0:08:02Josh, you count the red dolphins.
0:08:02 > 0:08:05Dan, you're going to count the yellow dolphins.
0:08:05 > 0:08:09And I am going to count the blue dolphins but I won't have a snorkel.
0:08:09 > 0:08:12- So, is everybody ready? - ALL: Yes!
0:08:12 > 0:08:14Three, two, one, go!
0:08:31 > 0:08:33Poor Nina has to keep coming up for air.
0:08:33 > 0:08:38- LUKE:- Look at those Engineers go. They are all doing great.
0:08:42 > 0:08:47Oh! Well done, Engineers. How many dolphins did you count?
0:08:47 > 0:08:50- I've got three.- Four.- Five.
0:08:50 > 0:08:51I got five as well
0:08:51 > 0:08:54but you counted your dolphins much quicker than I did.
0:08:54 > 0:08:57You were breathing through a snorkel
0:08:57 > 0:09:00so you could keep your face in the water for longer.
0:09:00 > 0:09:02I had to stop to come up for air.
0:09:02 > 0:09:05You stayed near the top of the water,
0:09:05 > 0:09:07but if you wanted to swim further down,
0:09:07 > 0:09:10the snorkel wouldn't reach the air above the water.
0:09:10 > 0:09:12But divers swim much further down,
0:09:12 > 0:09:15so how do they breathe deep down under the water?
0:09:15 > 0:09:17Let's find out.
0:09:39 > 0:09:43Now we're going to see how engineering helps divers
0:09:43 > 0:09:44take air underwater.
0:10:00 > 0:10:05When people swim way down under the water like this, it's called diving.
0:10:05 > 0:10:08Divers can stay under the water for a really long time
0:10:08 > 0:10:12and they've been specially trained to swim underwater safely.
0:10:12 > 0:10:18Diving looks so cool. You can see so many amazing things under the water.
0:10:18 > 0:10:20Do you see the bubbles?
0:10:20 > 0:10:23That's the air that the divers are breathing out.
0:10:23 > 0:10:26Divers take air with them in a tank,
0:10:26 > 0:10:29so let's go and find out how they work. Follow me.
0:10:32 > 0:10:35These are the diving tanks and they're full of air
0:10:35 > 0:10:37so the divers can breathe underwater.
0:10:37 > 0:10:42There's lots and lots and lots of air squashed into here.
0:10:42 > 0:10:45Now, let's pretend air is like this sponge.
0:10:47 > 0:10:49This sponge is taking up lots of space.
0:10:49 > 0:10:53Does it look like it would fit into this small container?
0:10:53 > 0:10:58- No, Nina.- Well, let's see if I can squash it in.
0:10:58 > 0:11:00SHE GRUNTS
0:11:00 > 0:11:04That feels tough, Nina. But you can do it. Keep pushing.
0:11:06 > 0:11:08SHE LAUGHS
0:11:08 > 0:11:13Ha! I've done it. The sponge is now squashed into the small container.
0:11:13 > 0:11:18It's the same size sponge as before but now it takes up less room.
0:11:18 > 0:11:20If I take the sponge out...
0:11:23 > 0:11:25..it becomes its normal size again.
0:11:25 > 0:11:27Now, air is squashed into these tanks
0:11:27 > 0:11:29just like I squashed this sponge.
0:11:29 > 0:11:34Engineers discovered how to squash lots and lots of air
0:11:34 > 0:11:35into small tanks.
0:11:35 > 0:11:39A diver with these tanks can swim around the bottom of this pool
0:11:39 > 0:11:42over 50 times without having to come up for air.
0:11:46 > 0:11:49So, your question was, how do divers breathe underwater?
0:11:49 > 0:11:51And I think we've answered it.
0:11:51 > 0:11:55We discovered if we're swimming near the top of the water
0:11:55 > 0:11:57we can use a long tube called a snorkel.
0:11:57 > 0:12:01When we swim further down, that's called diving.
0:12:01 > 0:12:04And divers take air with them in tanks
0:12:04 > 0:12:07and there's lots of air squashed into the tanks
0:12:07 > 0:12:10and this means the divers can breathe underwater
0:12:10 > 0:12:11for a long, long time.
0:12:11 > 0:12:14I hope that's answered your question.
0:12:14 > 0:12:16- ALL: Thanks, Nina. - You're welcome.
0:12:16 > 0:12:21# Nina and the Neurons! #
0:12:26 > 0:12:30If you want to know more about science and engineering around us,
0:12:30 > 0:12:34visit the Nina section on the CBeebies website. Have fun.
0:12:34 > 0:12:36- # Pulling.- Pushing. - Twisting.- Mixing.
0:12:36 > 0:12:40- # Drilling.- Squeezing.- Floating. - Go engineering
0:12:40 > 0:12:43# Go engineering!
0:12:43 > 0:12:47# When you need to fly it, make it, shape it
0:12:47 > 0:12:52- # Go engineering - Go engineering!
0:12:52 > 0:12:55# When you want to build, go engineering
0:12:55 > 0:12:56# Engineering!
0:12:56 > 0:13:01# When you've got to solve a problem but you don't know how to do it
0:13:01 > 0:13:04# It's time to go engineering
0:13:04 > 0:13:06# Engineering!
0:13:06 > 0:13:10# When you want to lift it, stick it, pop it, bend it
0:13:10 > 0:13:13# It's time to go engineering
0:13:13 > 0:13:15# Engineering!
0:13:15 > 0:13:19- # Go engineering - Go engineering!
0:13:19 > 0:13:22# When you need to fly it, make it, shape it
0:13:22 > 0:13:24# Engineering!
0:13:24 > 0:13:29- # Go engineering - Go engineering!
0:13:29 > 0:13:33# When you want to build, go engineering
0:13:33 > 0:13:36# Go engineering! #
0:13:36 > 0:13:40I've had a brilliant day. I loved listening to the bubbles
0:13:40 > 0:13:43coming from Nina's straw under the water.
0:13:43 > 0:13:48I really enjoyed myself today. The divers were amazing.
0:13:48 > 0:13:50It's been a marvellous day.
0:13:50 > 0:13:55Even if squashing that sponge felt like hard work.
0:13:55 > 0:13:58Remember, engineers help to build the world around us.
0:13:58 > 0:14:01They make things work and use science to solve problems.
0:14:01 > 0:14:03See you again soon. Bye.
0:14:03 > 0:14:05Bye!
0:14:05 > 0:14:06# Go engineering! #
0:14:06 > 0:14:08Subtitles by Red Bee Media Ltd