0:00:05 > 0:00:08# If you've got a question and you don't know where to go
0:00:08 > 0:00:11# Ask Nina for some help Cos she's got a science show
0:00:11 > 0:00:14# She makes sense of her senses While helping all her fans
0:00:14 > 0:00:17# By doing her experiments with potions and with bangs
0:00:17 > 0:00:19- # Touch your tongue - Tongue!
0:00:19 > 0:00:20- # Fingers - Fingers!
0:00:20 > 0:00:23- # Eyes.- Eyes! - Ears.- Ears!- Nose.- Nose!
0:00:23 > 0:00:26# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know
0:00:26 > 0:00:29# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know
0:00:29 > 0:00:32# Luke, he helps us with our eyes and Felix with our touch
0:00:32 > 0:00:35# Ollie sniffs out smells And Belle, she hears so much
0:00:35 > 0:00:38# Bud is Ollie's brother He helps us with our taste
0:00:38 > 0:00:41# They're Nina's little Neurons And they're coming to your place!
0:00:41 > 0:00:43- # Touch your tongue - Tongue!
0:00:43 > 0:00:44- # Fingers - Fingers!
0:00:44 > 0:00:47- # Eyes.- Eyes! - Ears.- Ears!- Nose.- Nose!
0:00:47 > 0:00:50# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know
0:00:50 > 0:00:53# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know
0:00:53 > 0:00:55# Oh, yeah! #
0:00:56 > 0:01:01Oh! Oh, hello! This is heavy, I think I'll put it down.
0:01:01 > 0:01:05- GLASS SMASHES - Oh, no!
0:01:05 > 0:01:09Oh, clumsy me. I've broken the glass in my watch.
0:01:09 > 0:01:13It's not gone everywhere. I'll have to be careful when I clean up.
0:01:13 > 0:01:14BEEPING
0:01:14 > 0:01:18I hear a beep, I see a flash, I wonder what they're going to ask.
0:01:18 > 0:01:21BEEPING
0:01:23 > 0:01:25- Hi, Nina!- Hi, guys!
0:01:25 > 0:01:29We've got a question. How do you make glass strong?
0:01:29 > 0:01:32How do you make glass strong?
0:01:32 > 0:01:35It takes some very clever engineering.
0:01:35 > 0:01:38Why don't you come down and we'll investigate?
0:01:38 > 0:01:41- See you soon, Nina. Bye!- Bye!
0:01:41 > 0:01:45Well, I'm going to need some help to answer this one
0:01:45 > 0:01:49and I know just who to ask. OK, Neurons, time to get to work.
0:02:04 > 0:02:07ALL: Neurons at the ready, Nina!
0:02:07 > 0:02:11OK, today's question is how do you make glass strong?
0:02:11 > 0:02:15Which Neuron will be most useful in helping us find the answer?
0:02:15 > 0:02:18ALL: Me! Me! Me! Me!
0:02:18 > 0:02:21Will it be fabulous Felix?
0:02:21 > 0:02:24I can help so very much if you need the sense of touch.
0:02:24 > 0:02:26Will it be beautiful Belle?
0:02:26 > 0:02:31I send messages to brain from ear. If there's a sound, I'll help you hear.
0:02:31 > 0:02:33Will it be lovely Luke?
0:02:33 > 0:02:35For looking and seeing, day or night,
0:02:35 > 0:02:38I'll help you with your sense of sight.
0:02:38 > 0:02:40Will it be awesome Ollie?
0:02:40 > 0:02:43If it's pongy or whiffy but you can't tell,
0:02:43 > 0:02:47- my messages help your sense of smell. - Or will it be baby Bud?
0:02:47 > 0:02:51Sour, salty, bitter or sweet, I'm your taste buddy whenever you eat!
0:02:55 > 0:02:57- CHEERING - It's Luke!
0:02:58 > 0:03:04ALL: Go, Luke! Go, Luke! Go, Luke!
0:03:05 > 0:03:08Cool, Nina. I'll be looking out to help you!
0:03:10 > 0:03:13Today's question is how do you make glass strong?
0:03:13 > 0:03:17As glass is something you look through, Luke will be helping us.
0:03:17 > 0:03:20But, Neurons, I have a feeling I may need help from all of you.
0:03:20 > 0:03:24Right, I need to get the workshop ready before the engineers arrive.
0:03:26 > 0:03:31Molly likes CBeebies. Aisha loves the beach. Suli loves football.
0:03:31 > 0:03:34I dropped a jar and it smashed.
0:03:34 > 0:03:40- Some buildings are made of glass. - How do you make glass strong?
0:03:40 > 0:03:44So, for one day, they become the engineers!
0:03:49 > 0:03:52- Hi, guys.- ALL: Hi! - Welcome to my workshop.
0:03:52 > 0:03:56Thanks for your great question - how do you make glass strong?
0:03:56 > 0:04:00To find the answer, let's use our senses!
0:04:00 > 0:04:04ALL: Woo! Woo! A senses experiment! We're ready, Nina!
0:04:04 > 0:04:07So, here we have a glass.
0:04:07 > 0:04:10- It's called a glass because it's made out of...- Glass!
0:04:10 > 0:04:15Glass, that's right! Look at this wooden cup.
0:04:15 > 0:04:18Which one do you think would make the best window?
0:04:18 > 0:04:23If they look closely, the answer to that should be very clear.
0:04:23 > 0:04:29- Glass.- The glass! Yes, you're right. The glass is see-through.
0:04:29 > 0:04:33Glass lets light through, so it's good for windows.
0:04:33 > 0:04:36Imagine if the windows in your house were made out of wood.
0:04:36 > 0:04:41It would be good because it wouldn't break if a ball hit it,
0:04:41 > 0:04:45- but what would it be like to have wood for windows?- Very dark.
0:04:45 > 0:04:47Yes, you're right!
0:04:47 > 0:04:51So, we know that glass is useful, but it breaks really easily.
0:04:51 > 0:04:55So, how can we make it stronger and difficult to break?
0:04:55 > 0:04:57Let's try an experiment!
0:04:57 > 0:05:00In front of us, we have some pieces of cardboard.
0:05:00 > 0:05:03Let's see how strong it is!
0:05:03 > 0:05:08Let's start by giving it a twist. Woo!
0:05:08 > 0:05:11And pull... And bend it.
0:05:11 > 0:05:15Oh, and finally, let's try and rip it.
0:05:15 > 0:05:19Oh, and you go...
0:05:19 > 0:05:21Yay! Oh! I mean, oh, dear!
0:05:21 > 0:05:26There it goes! I definitely heard a big r-r-r-rip!
0:05:26 > 0:05:30- The cardboard wasn't very strong. - No, Nina.
0:05:30 > 0:05:32Let's see if we can make it stronger.
0:05:32 > 0:05:37So, instead of using one piece of cardboard, let's try three!
0:05:37 > 0:05:41And put them one on top of the other, like this.
0:05:41 > 0:05:45It's a bit like a sandwich! A sandwich is made in layers.
0:05:45 > 0:05:49A sandwich! I'd have a layer of bread, then a layer of cheese,
0:05:49 > 0:05:52then a layer of bread again! Yummy!
0:05:52 > 0:05:57Let's hold the three layers of card and try and do what we did before.
0:05:57 > 0:06:00So, let's start with twisting!
0:06:00 > 0:06:03Oh! And pull.
0:06:03 > 0:06:07And bend it!
0:06:08 > 0:06:12Woo! And finally, let's try and rip it!
0:06:12 > 0:06:14Oh, oh...
0:06:14 > 0:06:16Ha-ha...
0:06:16 > 0:06:18You can stop, guys.
0:06:18 > 0:06:22- The cardboard was harder to bend, twist and rip this time.- Yeah.
0:06:22 > 0:06:27And that's because we added layers to it.
0:06:27 > 0:06:29One way to make something stronger
0:06:29 > 0:06:32is to make it thicker by adding layers.
0:06:32 > 0:06:36Maybe engineers have done this with glass too?
0:06:36 > 0:06:39Let's go somewhere where they've made glass very strong.
0:06:44 > 0:06:48Here we go! I can't wait to see where we'll end up today.
0:06:48 > 0:06:53Nina said, it was somewhere where they've made glass very strong.
0:06:53 > 0:06:59I bet it's not as strong as me! I'm a super-strong taste bud!
0:06:59 > 0:07:02- That's right, Bud. - Shh, everyone! We're here!
0:07:04 > 0:07:10What an amazing building! And did you notice what's up near the top?
0:07:10 > 0:07:16- There's lots of glass.- Yes, and it's a very special strong glass.
0:07:16 > 0:07:19Let's go inside and have a closer look.
0:07:22 > 0:07:26- So, what can you see that's made of glass?- All the windows.
0:07:26 > 0:07:30You're right, but let's take a look at the floor.
0:07:33 > 0:07:37- This building even has a glass floor!- Wow!
0:07:37 > 0:07:42It's see-through! You can see right the way down to the ground!
0:07:42 > 0:07:47- We're so high up! - A bit too high for my liking!
0:07:47 > 0:07:50- Shall we walk on it?- Yeah!
0:07:53 > 0:07:55Remember, this is special glass.
0:07:55 > 0:07:58It's not like normal glass, so don't try this at home.
0:08:06 > 0:08:10It's holding us up! This glass is very strong, isn't it?
0:08:10 > 0:08:16- But I think we need to test it more! Shall we jump up and down?- Yeah!
0:08:16 > 0:08:19OK, three, two, one, jump! Ohhh...
0:08:22 > 0:08:25ALL LAUGH
0:08:29 > 0:08:31OK, stop jumping!
0:08:31 > 0:08:36It still didn't break! Engineers have made this glass so strong
0:08:36 > 0:08:39that it can easily hold us without breaking.
0:08:39 > 0:08:42But, how do they do it? Let's go and have a look.
0:08:44 > 0:08:48Here's some glass like the very strong glass in the floor.
0:08:48 > 0:08:51- What do you notice about it?- Layers!
0:08:51 > 0:08:55Just like we used layers to make the cardboard stronger,
0:08:55 > 0:09:01engineers use layers of glass to make the floor stronger and thicker.
0:09:01 > 0:09:03So let's have a closer look at the layers.
0:09:03 > 0:09:09Here's one layer of glass, here's another, and here's another.
0:09:09 > 0:09:14- So the floor has three layers. - What's that in the middle, Nina?
0:09:14 > 0:09:20In the middle of the glass layers is dried glue.
0:09:20 > 0:09:27- Here is just one of the layers. What does it feel like?- It's hard.
0:09:27 > 0:09:33It's very hard. Now, let's have a feel of the dried glue.
0:09:33 > 0:09:38It's not sticky at all, it feels more bendy.
0:09:38 > 0:09:42It does feel bendy, Felix, and that's very important.
0:09:42 > 0:09:46The dried glue holds the glass layers together.
0:09:46 > 0:09:49But it also does something else very important.
0:09:49 > 0:09:52Let's go back for one final experiment.
0:09:54 > 0:09:57Your question was, how do you make glass stronger?
0:09:57 > 0:10:01So far, I've discovered that glass is see-through,
0:10:01 > 0:10:04and good for making windows. But it can break easily.
0:10:04 > 0:10:06So to make glass stronger,
0:10:06 > 0:10:10engineers put layers of glass one on top of the other.
0:10:10 > 0:10:13And between these layers, they put glue.
0:10:13 > 0:10:17Glass is stiff and glue is bendy.
0:10:17 > 0:10:22So how does bendy glue make glass stronger? Let's find out!
0:10:22 > 0:10:29OK, here I have two layers of glass and there's no glue in between.
0:10:29 > 0:10:33This is also two layers of glass, but there IS glue between them,
0:10:33 > 0:10:36like the glass in the building.
0:10:36 > 0:10:41We're going to see what happens when we tap them both with a hammer.
0:10:41 > 0:10:45Can I ask you guys to stand behind the safety screen, please?
0:10:45 > 0:10:48Broken glass is very dangerous.
0:10:48 > 0:10:52That's right. Nina has been specially trained to do this.
0:10:52 > 0:10:54You should never try this at home.
0:10:54 > 0:10:57OK, here goes!
0:11:00 > 0:11:03- SMASHING - Oh, hoo!
0:11:03 > 0:11:07Oops! I think someone's broken something!
0:11:07 > 0:11:10- Wow! What happened?- It broke.
0:11:10 > 0:11:14That's right, it's completely broken!
0:11:14 > 0:11:18Let's see what happens when I tap the layers with the glue.
0:11:18 > 0:11:21I'll tap it in exactly the same way.
0:11:23 > 0:11:25THUD!
0:11:26 > 0:11:28THUD!
0:11:28 > 0:11:33I'm tapping this the same amount, but it's not breaking.
0:11:33 > 0:11:37It's much stronger, and this is because glue is bendy
0:11:37 > 0:11:40and bendy things are hard to break.
0:11:40 > 0:11:43By adding a layer of glue between the glass layers,
0:11:43 > 0:11:45you can make glass strong.
0:11:45 > 0:11:49# Nina and the Neurons! #
0:11:49 > 0:11:53Your question was, how do you make glass strong?
0:11:53 > 0:11:55I think we've answered it.
0:11:55 > 0:11:58We found out that normal glass is see-through
0:11:58 > 0:12:02and good for making windows, but it's stiff and breaks easily.
0:12:02 > 0:12:06So to make glass strong, engineers put it in layers.
0:12:06 > 0:12:09Between the layers, they put glue.
0:12:09 > 0:12:12Glue is bendy and difficult to break,
0:12:12 > 0:12:16so the glue protects the glass and makes it really strong.
0:12:16 > 0:12:21- I hope that's answered your question.- Thanks, Nina! Bye!
0:12:21 > 0:12:22You're welcome, bye!
0:12:25 > 0:12:30If you want to know more about the science in engineering around us,
0:12:30 > 0:12:33go to the Nina section on the CBeebies website. Have fun!
0:12:33 > 0:12:37- # Pushing!- Twisting!- Mixing! - Drilling!- Squeezing!- Floating!
0:12:37 > 0:12:41- # Go engineering! - Go engineering!
0:12:41 > 0:12:45# When you need to fly it make it, shape it
0:12:47 > 0:12:51- # Go engineering! - Go, engineering!
0:12:51 > 0:12:56- # When you want to build go engineering!- Engineering!
0:12:56 > 0:13:00# When you've got to solve a problem but you don't know how to do it
0:13:00 > 0:13:05- # It's time to go engineering! - Engineering!
0:13:05 > 0:13:09# When you want to lift it stick it, pop it, bend it
0:13:09 > 0:13:14- # It's time to go engineering! - Engineering!
0:13:14 > 0:13:19- # Go engineering! - Go engineering!
0:13:19 > 0:13:23- # When you need to fly it make it, shape it!- Engineering!
0:13:23 > 0:13:27- # Go engineering! - Go engineering!
0:13:27 > 0:13:32# When you want to build go engineering
0:13:32 > 0:13:35# Go engineering! #
0:13:35 > 0:13:39Ah, it's been such a great day! There's been a lot to see.
0:13:39 > 0:13:44Or should that be, a lot to see-through!
0:13:44 > 0:13:50It's been a marvellous day. Who'd have thought glue was so bendy?
0:13:50 > 0:13:55I never knew engineers made glue-and-glass layers
0:13:55 > 0:13:58to make glass stronger.
0:13:58 > 0:14:01Engineers help to build the world around us,
0:14:01 > 0:14:05to make things work and use science to solve problems.
0:14:05 > 0:14:08- See you soon, bye! - ALL: Bye!