0:00:05 > 0:00:08# If you've got a question and you don't know where to go
0:00:08 > 0:00:11# Ask Nina for some help cos she's got a science show
0:00:11 > 0:00:14# She makes sense of our senses while helping all her fans
0:00:14 > 0:00:17# By doing her experiments with potions that would bang
0:00:17 > 0:00:20- # Touch your tongue - Tongue
0:00:20 > 0:00:21- # Fingers - Fingers
0:00:21 > 0:00:23- # Eyes,- eyes,- ears,- ears - Nose,- nose
0:00:23 > 0:00:26# Nina and the neurons find out what you need to know
0:00:26 > 0:00:29# Nina and the neurons find out what you need to know
0:00:29 > 0:00:32# Luke helps us with our eyes and Felix with our touch
0:00:32 > 0:00:35# Ollie sniffs out smells And Belle she hears so much
0:00:35 > 0:00:38# Bud is Ollie's brother He helps us with our tastes
0:00:38 > 0:00:41# They're Nina's little neurons and they are coming to your place
0:00:41 > 0:00:45- # Touch your tongue,- tongue - Fingers,- fingers,- eyes,- eyes
0:00:45 > 0:00:47- # Ears,- ears,- nose,- nose
0:00:47 > 0:00:51# Nina and the neurones find out what you need to know
0:00:51 > 0:00:55# Nina and the neurons find out what you need to know. #
0:00:57 > 0:01:02Hello, there. I am just putting down some train tracks.
0:01:02 > 0:01:04Oh, but I have come to a river
0:01:04 > 0:01:07and I don't think my train will be able to cross it.
0:01:07 > 0:01:10Ah! I can use this bridge.
0:01:10 > 0:01:14There we go. Hee-hee!
0:01:14 > 0:01:17Now my train can cross the river.
0:01:17 > 0:01:19Choo-choo!
0:01:19 > 0:01:21BEEPING
0:01:21 > 0:01:25I hear a beep, I see a flash, I wonder what they are going to ask?
0:01:28 > 0:01:31- ALL: Hi, Nina.- Hi, guys.
0:01:31 > 0:01:33We have a question for you.
0:01:33 > 0:01:36- How do we build bridges? - That's a great question.
0:01:36 > 0:01:37How do we build bridges?
0:01:37 > 0:01:41Bridges need to be really strong because lots of cars,
0:01:41 > 0:01:43people and trains cross them.
0:01:43 > 0:01:46Why don't you come down to my workshop and we will investigate.
0:01:46 > 0:01:50- ALL: See you soon, Nina. Bye! - Bye!
0:01:50 > 0:01:53Well, I am going to need some help to answer this one
0:01:53 > 0:01:54and I know just who to ask.
0:01:54 > 0:01:57OK, Neurons, time to get to work.
0:02:11 > 0:02:14ALL: Neurons at the ready, Nina.
0:02:14 > 0:02:18OK, today's question is how do we build bridges?
0:02:18 > 0:02:21Which Neuron do you think will be most useful in helping us
0:02:21 > 0:02:25- find the answer?- Me!- Me!- Me!
0:02:25 > 0:02:28Will it be fabulous Felix?
0:02:28 > 0:02:32I can help so very much if you need the sense of touch.
0:02:32 > 0:02:34Will it be beautiful Belle?
0:02:34 > 0:02:38I send messages to brain from ear. If there's a sound, I'll help you hear.
0:02:38 > 0:02:40Will it be lovely Luke?
0:02:40 > 0:02:42For looking and seeing, day or night,
0:02:42 > 0:02:45I'll help you with your sense of sight.
0:02:45 > 0:02:47Will it be awesome Ollie?
0:02:47 > 0:02:49If it is pongy or whiffy but you can't tell,
0:02:49 > 0:02:53- my messages help your sense of smell.- Or will it be baby Bud?
0:02:53 > 0:02:58Sour, salty, bitter or sweet, I'm your taste buddy whenever you eat.
0:03:03 > 0:03:05It is Luke!
0:03:05 > 0:03:08Go, Luke! Go, Luke! Go, Luke!
0:03:12 > 0:03:15Cool, Nina. I will be looking out to help you.
0:03:15 > 0:03:19Today's question is how do we build bridges and because
0:03:19 > 0:03:22we'll be looking at bridges, our sight Neuron Luke will help us.
0:03:22 > 0:03:26Right. I need to get the workshop ready before the engineers arrive.
0:03:28 > 0:03:33Aimee-Louise loves holidays. Gabby likes guinea pigs.
0:03:33 > 0:03:35Archie loves cricket.
0:03:35 > 0:03:38Some bridges are really large.
0:03:38 > 0:03:41- I have driven over a long bridge. - How do bridges stay up?
0:03:41 > 0:03:44So today, for one day only, Aimee-Louise, Gabby
0:03:44 > 0:03:46and Archie become the engineers.
0:03:51 > 0:03:53- Hello, guys.- ALL: Hi, Nina.
0:03:53 > 0:03:56Welcome to my workshop and thanks for your great question.
0:03:56 > 0:03:58How do we build bridges?
0:03:58 > 0:04:01To find out the answer, we will start by using our senses.
0:04:01 > 0:04:06Whoo-hoo! A senses experiment. We are ready, Nina.
0:04:06 > 0:04:08Have a look at this model.
0:04:08 > 0:04:11It is a road going around some water.
0:04:11 > 0:04:16Mr Blue lives over here and Mr Red lives over here.
0:04:16 > 0:04:21Mr Blue and Mr Red are friends and if Mr Blue wants to visit
0:04:21 > 0:04:26Mr Red, he has to go all the way around the water.
0:04:26 > 0:04:29That looks like a long way, Nina.
0:04:29 > 0:04:32It is a long way, Luke, and it takes a long time.
0:04:32 > 0:04:37So what do you think would make it easier for Mr Blue to get to Mr Red?
0:04:37 > 0:04:41- A bridge.- You are absolutely right - a bridge.
0:04:41 > 0:04:45I have a road here. Can you use it, please, Aimee-Louise,
0:04:45 > 0:04:50to make a bridge between Mr Blue and Mr Red? Excellent!
0:04:50 > 0:04:56So now Mr Blue has a much shorter journey to go and visit Mr Red.
0:04:56 > 0:05:00- Have a look at the bridge. Is it holding the car up?- Yes.
0:05:00 > 0:05:04Yes, it is, isn't it? The bridge is straight.
0:05:04 > 0:05:06Toot-toot! Hello, Mr Red.
0:05:06 > 0:05:12But now Mr Blue and Mr Red have moved house.
0:05:12 > 0:05:15All the way down here.
0:05:15 > 0:05:18- So what happens now? - They need a longer bridge.
0:05:18 > 0:05:21Yes, they do need a longer bridge and I have one here.
0:05:21 > 0:05:25Gabriella, can you put it across the water for me, please?
0:05:27 > 0:05:32Very good. And now Mr Blue can drive over to see Mr Red again.
0:05:34 > 0:05:36Oh, what has happened?
0:05:36 > 0:05:38- It is bending.- That is right.
0:05:38 > 0:05:43The car is heavy and it is pushing the bridge down in the middle.
0:05:43 > 0:05:47The problem with longer bridges is they need more help to stay up
0:05:47 > 0:05:48and stay straight.
0:05:48 > 0:05:52How do you think we could solve this problem and keep the bridge up?
0:05:52 > 0:05:57- Put a little stick under it or something.- What a good idea!
0:05:57 > 0:06:01I don't have a little stick but I do have this piece of card.
0:06:01 > 0:06:05I am going to put this piece of card underneath the bridge in an arch.
0:06:05 > 0:06:07It will help to keep it straight.
0:06:09 > 0:06:14Here we go. Make the arch.
0:06:16 > 0:06:18Pop the bridge back on.
0:06:20 > 0:06:24So now when Mr Blue's car pushes down on the bridge,
0:06:24 > 0:06:29the arch keeps the bridge straight and Mr Blue can cross safely.
0:06:29 > 0:06:31Hello, Mr Red.
0:06:31 > 0:06:37- Now Mr Blue can have dinner with Mr Red!- He certainly can, Bud.
0:06:37 > 0:06:40Engineers have made lots of bridges this way.
0:06:40 > 0:06:44They are called arch bridges and I have a picture of one here.
0:06:44 > 0:06:48But if the water underneath the bridge is really deep,
0:06:48 > 0:06:50it can be difficult to build an arch,
0:06:50 > 0:06:53so some bridges need to be held up in a different way.
0:06:53 > 0:06:56Instead of having an arch underneath,
0:06:56 > 0:06:58they are pulled up from above.
0:06:58 > 0:07:02So to find out more, we need to go to a place with lots of water.
0:07:02 > 0:07:04Let's go, engineers.
0:07:06 > 0:07:12Oh, goody! I love this bit. I wonder where Nina is taking us.
0:07:12 > 0:07:15Nina said it's a place with lots of water.
0:07:15 > 0:07:19- I wonder if it's a swimming pool. - We're about to find out.
0:07:19 > 0:07:21Looks like we're here, everyone.
0:07:21 > 0:07:24Engineers, you asked how do we build bridges,
0:07:24 > 0:07:26and to help answer your question,
0:07:26 > 0:07:29I've brought you to this really, really long bridge!
0:07:29 > 0:07:31Wow!
0:07:31 > 0:07:34Now, this bridge is a different shape to the arch bridge
0:07:34 > 0:07:39we made earlier, and I have a picture of an arch bridge here.
0:07:39 > 0:07:43There's nothing underneath this bridge pushing it up.
0:07:43 > 0:07:48Instead, this bridge has an arch on top, pulling it up.
0:07:48 > 0:07:54If I turn this arch bridge upside down, it looks like this bridge.
0:07:55 > 0:07:59Engineers had the clever idea to put the arch on top of the bridge
0:07:59 > 0:08:03to pull it up instead of below the bridge, where it pushes it up.
0:08:03 > 0:08:07This type of bridge is called a suspension bridge.
0:08:07 > 0:08:10So let's take a closer look. Come with me.
0:08:17 > 0:08:20Ooh! A suspense-man bridge!
0:08:20 > 0:08:25It's a suspension bridge, Bud!
0:08:25 > 0:08:27WIND RUSTLES
0:08:30 > 0:08:33Ooh! Listen to that wind!
0:08:33 > 0:08:36A windy suspension bridge!
0:08:39 > 0:08:44Look at these giant cables! Can you see what they're doing?
0:08:44 > 0:08:46- Holding the bridge up.- That's right.
0:08:46 > 0:08:51These giant cables pull the bridge up. But what pulls the cables up?
0:08:51 > 0:08:53The towers.
0:08:53 > 0:08:56Yes, the two big towers hold up the cables,
0:08:56 > 0:08:59and the cables hold up the bridge.
0:08:59 > 0:09:04- The cables and the tower are really strong.- I'm strong, look!
0:09:04 > 0:09:08The cables and the towers are even stronger than you, Bud!
0:09:08 > 0:09:11Let's have a look at a picture of this bridge.
0:09:11 > 0:09:15- Can you see the cables and the towers?- Yeah.
0:09:15 > 0:09:17Holding the bridge up from above,
0:09:17 > 0:09:20the cables and towers makes it really strong.
0:09:20 > 0:09:23It's so strong, you could fill the whole bridge with elephants
0:09:23 > 0:09:26and it wouldn't even bend in the middle.
0:09:26 > 0:09:28Nina, why do the cables go into the big blocks?
0:09:28 > 0:09:30That's a great question!
0:09:30 > 0:09:33The blocks help to keep the cables pulled tight.
0:09:33 > 0:09:38- Why do we need to do that?- Let's go back to the workshop to find out.
0:09:40 > 0:09:43Your question was, how do we build bridges,
0:09:43 > 0:09:46and so far we've discovered a suspension bridge is held up
0:09:46 > 0:09:51from above instead of being pushed up from below.
0:09:51 > 0:09:55Towers hold up cables, and the cables hold up the bridge.
0:09:55 > 0:09:58And you guys noticed that the cables were pulled tight,
0:09:58 > 0:10:02so we've got our very own suspension bridge here to find out why
0:10:02 > 0:10:04the cables have to be pulled tight.
0:10:04 > 0:10:07So here are the long cables,
0:10:07 > 0:10:10and there are some shorter cables.
0:10:10 > 0:10:13And there's the road on the bridge.
0:10:13 > 0:10:19So I think it's time to test our suspension bridge with this car.
0:10:19 > 0:10:22Okey-doke.
0:10:22 > 0:10:25Oh. Oh! Oh, dear!
0:10:25 > 0:10:27The bridge doesn't seem to be staying up.
0:10:27 > 0:10:29What do we need to do to fix it?
0:10:29 > 0:10:32- Pull the ropes tight.- That's right.
0:10:32 > 0:10:34We need to pull the ropes tight,
0:10:34 > 0:10:38and I've got two heavy weights here to tie the ropes down.
0:10:38 > 0:10:42That will keep them tight. OK, Archie, can you help me over here?
0:10:42 > 0:10:46You go round. I'll just take the car off here.
0:10:46 > 0:10:51MUSIC DROWNS OUT SPEECH
0:10:53 > 0:10:55Very good.
0:10:55 > 0:11:00Give it a good pull... Excellent.
0:11:00 > 0:11:04MUSIC DROWNS OUT SPEECH
0:11:04 > 0:11:07That's it. Very good.
0:11:07 > 0:11:09Pull yours tight.
0:11:10 > 0:11:15Great work, engineers! Now, can you feel that the ropes are right?
0:11:15 > 0:11:20- Have a feel of the ropes. - It feels much tighter, Nina.
0:11:20 > 0:11:26Let's test our suspension bridge again.
0:11:26 > 0:11:32Yay! Whoo-hoo! The cables are tight, so the bridge is staying up.
0:11:32 > 0:11:35Now we know why the cables on the real bridge
0:11:35 > 0:11:39were in those big blocks. Big blocks keep the cable tight.
0:11:39 > 0:11:43# Nina and the Neurons. #
0:11:43 > 0:11:48So, your question was, how do we build bridges,
0:11:48 > 0:11:49and I think we've answered it.
0:11:49 > 0:11:53We discovered that there are lots of different types of bridge.
0:11:53 > 0:11:57They help us to cross water so we don't have to go around it.
0:11:57 > 0:11:59Longer bridges need something to help them
0:11:59 > 0:12:04stay up in the middle, and they can be held up from above or below.
0:12:04 > 0:12:07Suspension bridges are held up by cables.
0:12:07 > 0:12:09The cables hang between towers
0:12:09 > 0:12:12and they must be kept tight to hold the bridge up straight.
0:12:12 > 0:12:16This suspension bridge is helping Mr Blue visit Mr Red!
0:12:16 > 0:12:21- So I hope that's answered your question.- Thanks, Nina. Bye.
0:12:21 > 0:12:22You're welcome. Bye.
0:12:25 > 0:12:28If you want to know more about the science and engineering
0:12:28 > 0:12:32that's all around us, go to the Nina section on the CBeebies website.
0:12:32 > 0:12:33Have fun!
0:12:33 > 0:12:37- Pulling.- Pushing.- Twisting.- Mixing. - Drilling.- Squeezing.- Floating.
0:12:37 > 0:12:42# Go engineering Go engineering
0:12:42 > 0:12:45# When you need to fly it Make it shape it
0:12:47 > 0:12:51- # Go engineering - Go engineering
0:12:51 > 0:12:54# When you want to build go engineering. #
0:12:54 > 0:12:56Engineering!
0:12:56 > 0:13:00# When you've got to solve a problem but you don't know how to do it
0:13:00 > 0:13:05- # It's time to go engineering. # - Engineering.
0:13:05 > 0:13:09# When you want to lift it Stick it pump it bend it
0:13:09 > 0:13:14- # It's time to go engineering. # - Engineering.
0:13:14 > 0:13:19- # Go engineering - Go engineering
0:13:19 > 0:13:22# When you need to fly it Make it shape it. #
0:13:22 > 0:13:23Engineering.
0:13:23 > 0:13:28- # Go engineering - Go engineering
0:13:28 > 0:13:31# When you want to build Go engineering. #
0:13:31 > 0:13:35Go engineering!
0:13:35 > 0:13:38I've had a fabby day!
0:13:38 > 0:13:42I loved it when Mr Blue went to visit Mr Red!
0:13:42 > 0:13:45I wonder what they had for dinner.
0:13:45 > 0:13:48I really enjoyed myself today.
0:13:48 > 0:13:51I'm amazed engineers can build such long bridges.
0:13:51 > 0:13:54It's been a marvellous day.
0:13:54 > 0:13:58Checking the cables were tight by feeling them was most exciting.
0:13:58 > 0:14:02And remember, engineers help to build the world around us.
0:14:02 > 0:14:05They make things work and use science to solve problems.
0:14:05 > 0:14:08- See you again soon. Bye! Bye!- Bye!
0:14:08 > 0:14:12# Nina and the Neurons Go engineering. #