0:00:05 > 0:00:08# If you've got a question and you don't know where to go
0:00:08 > 0:00:11# Ask Nina for some help Cos she's got a science show
0:00:11 > 0:00:14# She makes sense of her senses While helping all her fans
0:00:14 > 0:00:17# By doing her experiments with potions and with bangs
0:00:17 > 0:00:19- # Touch your tongue - Tongue!
0:00:19 > 0:00:20- # Fingers - Fingers!
0:00:20 > 0:00:23- # Eyes.- Eyes! - Ears.- Ears!- Nose.- Nose!
0:00:23 > 0:00:26# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know
0:00:26 > 0:00:29# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know
0:00:29 > 0:00:32# Luke, he helps us with our eyes and Felix with our touch
0:00:32 > 0:00:36# Ollie sniffs out smells and scents And Belle, she hears so much
0:00:36 > 0:00:38# Bud is Ollie's brother He helps us with our taste
0:00:38 > 0:00:41# They're Nina's little Neurons And they're coming to your place!
0:00:41 > 0:00:43- # Touch your tongue - Tongue!
0:00:43 > 0:00:44- # Fingers - Fingers!
0:00:44 > 0:00:47- # Eyes.- Eyes! - Ears.- Ears!- Nose.- Nose!
0:00:47 > 0:00:50# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know
0:00:50 > 0:00:53# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know
0:00:53 > 0:00:55# Oh yeah! #
0:00:56 > 0:00:58"C U later!"
0:00:58 > 0:01:02Oh, hello. I am just sending a text message to my friend.
0:01:02 > 0:01:04There it goes!
0:01:04 > 0:01:06Beep!
0:01:06 > 0:01:11I hear a beep, I see a flash, I wonder what they are going to ask.
0:01:13 > 0:01:16- BOTH: Hi, Nina. - Hi, guys.
0:01:16 > 0:01:19- We've got a question for you. - How do mobile phones work?
0:01:19 > 0:01:21That's a great question.
0:01:21 > 0:01:25How do mobile phones work? It takes some very clever engineering.
0:01:25 > 0:01:28Come down to my workshop and we'll investigate.
0:01:28 > 0:01:32- BOTH: See you soon, Nina, bye. - Bye!
0:01:32 > 0:01:36I'll need help to answer this, and I know just who to ask.
0:01:36 > 0:01:39OK, Neurons, time to get to work.
0:01:54 > 0:01:57ALL: Neurons at the ready, Nina.
0:01:57 > 0:02:01OK. Today's question is, how do mobile phones work?
0:02:01 > 0:02:05Which Neuron will be most useful to help find the answer?
0:02:05 > 0:02:08ALL: Me! Me! Me! Oh, me!
0:02:08 > 0:02:10Will it be fabulous Felix?
0:02:10 > 0:02:14I can help so very much if you need the sense of touch.
0:02:14 > 0:02:16Will it be beautiful Belle?
0:02:16 > 0:02:21I send messages to brain from ear. If there's a sound, I'll help you hear.
0:02:21 > 0:02:22Will it be lovely Luke?
0:02:22 > 0:02:25For looking and seeing, day or night,
0:02:25 > 0:02:27I'll help you with your sense of sight.
0:02:27 > 0:02:29Will it be awesome Ollie?
0:02:29 > 0:02:32If it's pongy or whiffy but you can't tell,
0:02:32 > 0:02:36- my messages help your sense of smell. - Or will it be baby Bud?
0:02:36 > 0:02:41Sour, salty, bitter or sweet, I'm your taste buddy whenever you eat!
0:02:44 > 0:02:47It's Belle!
0:02:47 > 0:02:50ALL: Go, Belle! Go, Belle! Go, Belle!
0:02:50 > 0:02:54Go, Belle! Go, Belle! Go, Belle! Go, Belle!
0:02:54 > 0:02:57Brilliant! I am all ears, Nina.
0:02:57 > 0:03:00Today's question is - how do mobile phones work?
0:03:00 > 0:03:05Because we use our ears to hear mobile phones, Belle will help us.
0:03:05 > 0:03:09Standby, Neurons, I may need help from all of you.
0:03:09 > 0:03:12I need to get the workshop ready before the engineers arrive.
0:03:14 > 0:03:19Reo likes painting on rainy days. Kaitlyn loves dolls.
0:03:19 > 0:03:22My mum talks to lots of people on mobile phones.
0:03:22 > 0:03:25My mum can talk to people far, far away.
0:03:25 > 0:03:31So today, for one day only, Reo and Kaitlyn become the engineers!
0:03:35 > 0:03:37- Hi, Reo. Hi, Kaitlyn. - BOTH: Hi, Nina.
0:03:37 > 0:03:39Welcome to my workshop.
0:03:39 > 0:03:42Thanks for your question - how does a mobile phone work?
0:03:42 > 0:03:46To find out more, I think we need to start by using our senses.
0:03:46 > 0:03:51All: Woo-hoo, a senses experiment! We're ready, Nina!
0:03:51 > 0:03:54First, let's have a look at a mobile phone.
0:03:54 > 0:03:56When we use a mobile phone to talk to a friend,
0:03:56 > 0:04:00we type the number and then our friend's phone will ring
0:04:00 > 0:04:03and when they answer it, we can talk to them. Hello.
0:04:03 > 0:04:04NEURONS: Hello, Nina.
0:04:04 > 0:04:06Ha, ha!
0:04:06 > 0:04:10And we can do that with a telephone like this one, too.
0:04:10 > 0:04:13This house phone needs a box connected to the wall
0:04:13 > 0:04:14with wires to work.
0:04:14 > 0:04:17It only works in or near the house
0:04:17 > 0:04:20because it sends calls through the wires.
0:04:20 > 0:04:23A mobile phone can make a call from almost anywhere,
0:04:23 > 0:04:28and that is because mobile phones send calls through the air.
0:04:28 > 0:04:32To send a phone call, we use something called a signal.
0:04:32 > 0:04:36Oh, I like the sound of that word! Signal.
0:04:36 > 0:04:40Signals from our mobile phones travel through the air
0:04:40 > 0:04:43to other mobile phones. That's how we talk to each other.
0:04:43 > 0:04:45I have got some different mobile phones.
0:04:45 > 0:04:49- Do you see this bit sticking up? - BOTH: Yes.
0:04:49 > 0:04:52That's called an aerial,
0:04:52 > 0:04:55and it is the most important part of the phone.
0:04:55 > 0:04:57All mobile phones have one,
0:04:57 > 0:05:00but sometimes they are hidden inside,
0:05:00 > 0:05:03so you don't see them, like in these phones here.
0:05:03 > 0:05:06And in my phone, too.
0:05:06 > 0:05:09You can't see the aerial at all.
0:05:09 > 0:05:13So let's find out a bit more about aerials and signals.
0:05:14 > 0:05:17We can't see signals, but if we could,
0:05:17 > 0:05:20they would look like this message on a line.
0:05:20 > 0:05:23Let's imagine that this line is the signal
0:05:23 > 0:05:27and the paper message is your friend talking to you.
0:05:27 > 0:05:30We want to move the message along the line
0:05:30 > 0:05:33so that aerial on the mobile phone can pick it up.
0:05:33 > 0:05:34Let's give it a go.
0:05:34 > 0:05:38Reo, do you want to pass the message along the signal?
0:05:40 > 0:05:43Hooray! We have picked up a message from Reo. Woo-hoo!
0:05:43 > 0:05:46So we can hear him talking to us.
0:05:46 > 0:05:50To talk back to him, our mobile phone needs to send a signal, too.
0:05:50 > 0:05:54Pop that on the bottom one and Reo will be able to pick it up
0:05:54 > 0:05:56using the aerial on his mobile phone.
0:05:56 > 0:05:58Go, Kaitlyn!
0:06:00 > 0:06:02Here it comes, Reo.
0:06:02 > 0:06:05Great! Fantastic, guys.
0:06:05 > 0:06:07Aerials can send and pick up signals,
0:06:07 > 0:06:09that's how we talk to each other.
0:06:09 > 0:06:12We don't need an aerial to pick up what you say, Bud.
0:06:12 > 0:06:15- You are loud enough!- Ha, ha, ha!
0:06:15 > 0:06:19Mobile phones send and pick up signals so that we can talk
0:06:19 > 0:06:21and listen to our friends.
0:06:21 > 0:06:25But some friends might be a very long way away, so engineers
0:06:25 > 0:06:29realise that the signal might need some help to get there.
0:06:29 > 0:06:33Let's go and get some fresh air to find out more.
0:06:36 > 0:06:39Where do you think we are going today?
0:06:39 > 0:06:42Nina said we're going to get some fresh air.
0:06:42 > 0:06:45Can you find that in a supermarket?
0:06:45 > 0:06:49No, Bud. Going to get some fresh air means going outside.
0:06:49 > 0:06:53We are about to find out. Looks like we are here, everyone!
0:06:53 > 0:06:56Here we are outside, in the fresh air,
0:06:56 > 0:06:59and I have a challenge for you. Have a look around
0:06:59 > 0:07:03and see if you can see something that looks like an aerial
0:07:03 > 0:07:06that can pick up or send signals.
0:07:08 > 0:07:12- Can you see anything? - BOTH: No, Nina.
0:07:12 > 0:07:14Well, have a look over there.
0:07:16 > 0:07:21I think you have got that wrong, Nina, that is a lamp post.
0:07:21 > 0:07:25No, Luke, I'm not wrong. This might look like a lamp post,
0:07:25 > 0:07:27but it is actually a mobile phone mast.
0:07:27 > 0:07:30Mobile phone masts are big aerials,
0:07:30 > 0:07:32like the ones we have in our mobile phones.
0:07:32 > 0:07:36When we phone a friend, the signal goes to a mast
0:07:36 > 0:07:38and then the mast passes the signal on
0:07:38 > 0:07:39to our friend's phone.
0:07:39 > 0:07:43And masts can also help the signal to travel quite far.
0:07:43 > 0:07:44Come with me.
0:07:47 > 0:07:53Welcome to our pretend town on this misty day.
0:07:53 > 0:07:57If you have a look, our pretend town is divided into parts.
0:07:57 > 0:08:01That is because in real cities, towns and villages,
0:08:01 > 0:08:02they are divided into parts,
0:08:02 > 0:08:05and each part has its own mobile phone mast.
0:08:05 > 0:08:09So we are going to put a mobile phone mast into every part
0:08:09 > 0:08:11in our pretend town.
0:08:11 > 0:08:13And we're going to use these flags.
0:08:13 > 0:08:17Ha, ha, ha! Ready? Go!
0:08:17 > 0:08:19Go, go, go! Go, go, go!
0:08:21 > 0:08:25Excellent work, Kaitlyn. There you go, Reo.
0:08:25 > 0:08:28Well done! Go, go, go! Here's a yellow one!
0:08:28 > 0:08:32That's it! Remember to put a mast in every part.
0:08:32 > 0:08:33That's it, Reo.
0:08:36 > 0:08:39That's great. Come back over.
0:08:41 > 0:08:43Brilliant work, engineers!
0:08:43 > 0:08:45We now have enough mobile phone masts
0:08:45 > 0:08:49so all the people in our pretend town can make mobile phone calls.
0:08:49 > 0:08:52The number of mobile phone masts across the country can be
0:08:52 > 0:08:56quite different, it all depends on how big the place you live is.
0:08:56 > 0:09:00In a big city, there could be hundreds of mobile phone masts.
0:09:00 > 0:09:03But in a small village, there might just be a few.
0:09:03 > 0:09:08Let's go for a little walk around our pretend town. Follow me!
0:09:12 > 0:09:14When we are in this part of town,
0:09:14 > 0:09:17this blue flag is our nearest mobile phone mast.
0:09:17 > 0:09:21If we made a mobile phone call, this mast would send the signals
0:09:21 > 0:09:23from our phone to our friend's phone.
0:09:23 > 0:09:26But if we move to this part of town...
0:09:26 > 0:09:29Ho, ho, ho!
0:09:29 > 0:09:33..then the red flag is our nearest mobile phone mast.
0:09:33 > 0:09:36And this mast would send the call to our friend's phone.
0:09:36 > 0:09:39Ring, ring! Bud calling Nina.
0:09:39 > 0:09:44- What is it, Bud?- How does a mobile phone mast actually work?
0:09:44 > 0:09:48That's a very good question. It is time for one final experiment.
0:09:50 > 0:09:53OK, we are here in our pretend town.
0:09:53 > 0:09:55Kaitlyn, I'd like you to stay here at home.
0:09:55 > 0:09:59I'm going to go off into town. See you later.
0:10:04 > 0:10:09So, here I am over here. I am doing some shopping in town.
0:10:09 > 0:10:12Kaitlyn, you are going to call me on your mobile phone and, Reo,
0:10:12 > 0:10:15you are going to be the mobile phone signal.
0:10:15 > 0:10:18Kaitlyn, make your call.
0:10:21 > 0:10:24I hope they don't get the wrong number.
0:10:24 > 0:10:26Now you've typed in the number,
0:10:26 > 0:10:30your mobile phone is going to send a signal to the mobile phone mast
0:10:30 > 0:10:32that is nearest to you.
0:10:32 > 0:10:36So, signal Reo, find the nearest mobile phone mast to Kaitlyn.
0:10:37 > 0:10:41Brilliant! Kaitlyn's phone signal has reached the mast.
0:10:41 > 0:10:45Now, that mast needs to send a signal to the mast that is
0:10:45 > 0:10:47nearest to me.
0:10:47 > 0:10:51So, Reo, can you spot which flag is nearest to me?
0:10:51 > 0:10:55- The red one!- Yeah! Go, go!
0:10:59 > 0:11:02So, the signal is nearly here.
0:11:02 > 0:11:06It just needs to get from the mobile phone mast to my phone.
0:11:07 > 0:11:12Eh! Kaitlyn is saying hello. Yay, we have done it, guys. Well done!
0:11:12 > 0:11:14But for me to talk back to Kaitlyn,
0:11:14 > 0:11:17my phone needs to send a signal to her.
0:11:17 > 0:11:21So... Here is my message.
0:11:21 > 0:11:23There you go.
0:11:31 > 0:11:34Well done, everyone. We can finish our call now.
0:11:34 > 0:11:35Boop.
0:11:38 > 0:11:41Your question was - how do mobile phones work?
0:11:41 > 0:11:42I think we've answered it.
0:11:42 > 0:11:46We discovered that mobile phones don't use wires.
0:11:46 > 0:11:50They make phone calls by sending and picking up signals through the air.
0:11:50 > 0:11:54Mobile phone masts help the signals from our phone reach all
0:11:54 > 0:11:56the way to our friend's phone.
0:11:56 > 0:12:00We also discovered that cities, towns and villages are divided
0:12:00 > 0:12:03into parts, and each part has a mobile phone mast.
0:12:03 > 0:12:07These masts can help send signals backwards and forwards to our phones
0:12:07 > 0:12:11so we can speak to our friends from almost anywhere.
0:12:11 > 0:12:15- I hope that answered your question. - BOTH: Thanks, Nina. Bye!
0:12:20 > 0:12:24Oh, we have been really busy! Just like a mobile phone signal.
0:12:26 > 0:12:30If you want to know more about the science and engineering
0:12:30 > 0:12:33that's all around us, visit the Nina section
0:12:33 > 0:12:35on the CBeebies website. Have fun!
0:12:35 > 0:12:37- # Pulling.- Pushing. - Twisting.- Mixing.
0:12:37 > 0:12:41- # Drilling.- Squeezing.- Floating. - Go engineering
0:12:41 > 0:12:44# Go engineering!
0:12:44 > 0:12:49# When you need to fly it make it, shape it
0:12:49 > 0:12:53- # Go engineering - Go engineering!
0:12:53 > 0:12:56# When you want to build go engineering
0:12:56 > 0:12:58# Engineering!
0:12:58 > 0:13:02# When you've got to solve a problem but you don't know how to do it
0:13:02 > 0:13:05# It's time to go engineering
0:13:05 > 0:13:07# Engineering!
0:13:07 > 0:13:11# When you want to lift it stick it, pop it, bend it
0:13:11 > 0:13:15# It's time to go engineering
0:13:15 > 0:13:16# Engineering!
0:13:16 > 0:13:21- # Go engineering - Go engineering!
0:13:21 > 0:13:24# When you need to fly it make it, shape it
0:13:24 > 0:13:25# Engineering!
0:13:25 > 0:13:30- # Go engineering - Go engineering!
0:13:30 > 0:13:34# When you want to build go engineering
0:13:34 > 0:13:36# Go engineering! #
0:13:36 > 0:13:39Oh, I've had a brilliant day
0:13:39 > 0:13:41learning all about aerials and signals.
0:13:41 > 0:13:44It's been a marvellous day!
0:13:44 > 0:13:48Who'd have thought that places had so many mobile phone masts?
0:13:48 > 0:13:50I've had a fabby day!
0:13:50 > 0:13:55Signals work really hard to help make a call.
0:13:55 > 0:13:58Remember, engineers help to build the world around us.
0:13:58 > 0:14:02They make things work and use science to solve problems.
0:14:02 > 0:14:04See you again soon, bye!
0:14:04 > 0:14:06NEURONS: Bye!
0:14:06 > 0:14:09Subtitles by Red Bee Media Ltd