0:00:05 > 0:00:08# If you've got a question and you don't know where to go
0:00:08 > 0:00:11# Ask Nina for some help Cos she's got a science show
0:00:11 > 0:00:14# She makes sense of her senses While helping all her fans
0:00:14 > 0:00:17# By doing her experiments with potions and with bangs
0:00:17 > 0:00:19- # Touch your tongue - Tongue!
0:00:19 > 0:00:20- # Fingers - Fingers!
0:00:20 > 0:00:23- # Eyes.- Eyes! - Ears.- Ears!- Nose.- Nose!
0:00:23 > 0:00:26# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know
0:00:26 > 0:00:29# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know
0:00:29 > 0:00:32# Luke, he helps us with our eyes and Felix with our touch
0:00:32 > 0:00:35# Ollie sniffs out smells And Belle, she hears so much
0:00:35 > 0:00:38# Bud is Ollie's brother He helps us with our taste
0:00:38 > 0:00:41# They're Nina's little Neurons And they're coming to your place!
0:00:41 > 0:00:43- # Touch your tongue - Tongue!
0:00:43 > 0:00:44- # Fingers - Fingers!
0:00:44 > 0:00:47- # Eyes.- Eyes! - Ears.- Ears!- Nose.- Nose!
0:00:47 > 0:00:50# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know
0:00:50 > 0:00:53# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know
0:00:53 > 0:00:54# Oh yeah! #
0:00:56 > 0:01:02Oh, hello there. I'm just decorating some lovely cupcakes.
0:01:02 > 0:01:07I'm nearly there. Oh, lemon. My favourite.
0:01:07 > 0:01:08BEEPING
0:01:08 > 0:01:13I hear a beep, I see a flash, I wonder what they're going to ask.
0:01:15 > 0:01:17- ALL: Hi, Nina.- Hi, guys.
0:01:17 > 0:01:20We've got a question for you.
0:01:20 > 0:01:23- How does a bin lorry work? - That's a great question.
0:01:23 > 0:01:26How does a bin lorry work? Bin lorries are really useful,
0:01:26 > 0:01:29because they take away our rubbish and keep things tidy.
0:01:29 > 0:01:31But how do they work?
0:01:31 > 0:01:34Why don't you come down to my workshop, and we'll investigate?
0:01:34 > 0:01:36ALL: See you soon, Nina. Bye!
0:01:37 > 0:01:40Well, I'm going to need some help to answer this one,
0:01:40 > 0:01:41and I know just who to ask.
0:01:41 > 0:01:43OK, neurons, time to get to work.
0:01:59 > 0:02:01ALL: Neurons at the ready, Nina!
0:02:02 > 0:02:05OK, today's question is, how does a bin lorry work?
0:02:05 > 0:02:08Which neuron do you think would be most useful
0:02:08 > 0:02:10in helping us find the answer?
0:02:10 > 0:02:12- Me, me!- Me!- Me!
0:02:12 > 0:02:14Will it be fabulous Felix?
0:02:14 > 0:02:18I can help so very much if you need the sense of touch.
0:02:18 > 0:02:20Will it be beautiful Belle?
0:02:20 > 0:02:25I send messages to brain from ear. If there's a sound, I'll help you hear.
0:02:25 > 0:02:27Will it be lovely Luke?
0:02:27 > 0:02:29For looking and seeing, day or night,
0:02:29 > 0:02:32I'll help you with your sense of sight.
0:02:32 > 0:02:33Will it be awesome Ollie?
0:02:33 > 0:02:36If it's pongy or whiffy but you can't tell,
0:02:36 > 0:02:40- my messages help your sense of smell. - Or will it be baby Bud?
0:02:40 > 0:02:44Sour, salty, bitter or sweet, I'm your taste buddy whenever you eat!
0:02:48 > 0:02:50It's Ollie!
0:02:51 > 0:02:55ALL: Go, Ollie! Go, Ollie! Go, Ollie! Go, Ollie!
0:02:55 > 0:02:58Go, Ollie! Go, Ollie!
0:02:58 > 0:03:01Standing by to smell and tell, Nina.
0:03:01 > 0:03:04Today's question is, how does a bin lorry work?
0:03:04 > 0:03:06Because bin lorries collect all our rubbish,
0:03:06 > 0:03:09they can sometimes be a bit whiffy.
0:03:09 > 0:03:11So, Ollie, our smell neuron, will be helping.
0:03:11 > 0:03:15Right, I need to get the workshop ready before the engineers arrive.
0:03:17 > 0:03:20Heidi loves monkeys.
0:03:20 > 0:03:22Sam likes playing tennis.
0:03:22 > 0:03:25Molly loves cooking.
0:03:25 > 0:03:26I've seen lots of bin lorries.
0:03:26 > 0:03:29It empties the bins into the back of the truck.
0:03:29 > 0:03:34So, today, for one day only, Heidi, Sam and Molly become the engineers!
0:03:38 > 0:03:41- Hi, guys.- Hi, Nina!
0:03:41 > 0:03:44Welcome to my workshop, and thanks for your great question,
0:03:44 > 0:03:46how does a bin lorry work?
0:03:46 > 0:03:48So, to find out how a bin lorry works,
0:03:48 > 0:03:52we're going to start by using our senses.
0:03:52 > 0:03:55ALL: Woo-hoo! A senses experiment! We're ready, Nina!
0:03:55 > 0:04:00In these bins is our pretend rubbish, and these are our big
0:04:00 > 0:04:05pretend bin lorries ready to take the rubbish away. Let's have a look.
0:04:05 > 0:04:08The bins are quite full.
0:04:08 > 0:04:12- So, do you think it's time to empty them into the bin lorries?- Yes.
0:04:12 > 0:04:16OK, now, Heidi, I'd like you to empty the rubbish
0:04:16 > 0:04:21from the blue bin, one piece at a time, into this blue bin lorry.
0:04:21 > 0:04:26And, Molly, I'd like you to lift the red bin upside down to empty
0:04:26 > 0:04:28it into the back of the red lorry.
0:04:28 > 0:04:32Now, these bins are really light, so it's OK for us to lift them.
0:04:32 > 0:04:36But you should never try to lift heavy things on your own.
0:04:36 > 0:04:38Always ask a grown-up for help.
0:04:38 > 0:04:42And, Samuel, you and I, we're going to be the bin lorries.
0:04:42 > 0:04:45We're going to scoop up the rubbish as it arrives
0:04:45 > 0:04:47into the back of our truck.
0:04:47 > 0:04:51I wonder which will be the quickest way to empty the bins.
0:04:51 > 0:04:54So, are you ready? Three, two, one, go!
0:05:00 > 0:05:05Wow, lifting up the bin to empty it was really speedy. They've finished!
0:05:05 > 0:05:09Nina? I think someone is waiting for you.
0:05:10 > 0:05:15You're right, Felix, you two must've emptied your bin really fast.
0:05:15 > 0:05:18So, tipping up a bin to empty it is much quicker than emptying it
0:05:18 > 0:05:23one piece at a time. Now, let's see how our toy bin lorry works.
0:05:23 > 0:05:25Here's the bin at the back,
0:05:25 > 0:05:30and it lifts and tips the rubbish into the back of the bin lorry.
0:05:30 > 0:05:34And we know from our experiment that that's the best way to get
0:05:34 > 0:05:36the rubbish into a lorry really quickly.
0:05:36 > 0:05:39How does a real bin lorry lift up bins?
0:05:39 > 0:05:41That's a great question.
0:05:41 > 0:05:44To find out, we'll have to go somewhere that's a bit noisy.
0:05:44 > 0:05:46- Let's go, engineers!- Yay!
0:05:50 > 0:05:51I wonder where Nina is taking us.
0:05:51 > 0:05:54She said it's somewhere a bit noisy.
0:05:54 > 0:05:58- Maybe it's a party, they're noisy!- Sorry, Bud.
0:05:58 > 0:06:02- This doesn't look like a party to me. - We'll soon find out, neurons.
0:06:02 > 0:06:04We've arrived!
0:06:05 > 0:06:10You asked, how does a bin lorry work? So we've come here to see one.
0:06:10 > 0:06:14Gosh, Nina, there are so many different smells here.
0:06:14 > 0:06:19Yes, Ollie, it is a little bit whiffy. OK, guys, on you go!
0:06:27 > 0:06:29Bin lorries are very noisy!
0:06:29 > 0:06:34Did you see how the lorry lifted the bins to empty the rubbish?
0:06:34 > 0:06:36Just like we did in the workshop.
0:06:36 > 0:06:40So, how does a bin lorry lift all that heavy rubbish?
0:06:41 > 0:06:42Well, it uses one of those.
0:06:45 > 0:06:49- Those are called pistons. - I say, what's it called, Nina?
0:06:49 > 0:06:53It's a piston, Felix. It's called a piston.
0:06:53 > 0:06:56Let me show you how it works. Come with me!
0:06:59 > 0:07:02I use these to decorate cakes with icing,
0:07:02 > 0:07:05but they are a lot like the pistons in a bin lorry.
0:07:05 > 0:07:10If I push this end, the icing is pushed out the other end.
0:07:26 > 0:07:28I love the taste of icing!
0:07:28 > 0:07:33- Especially when it's on top of a cake!- Well done, guys.
0:07:33 > 0:07:35Our pistons had icing in them,
0:07:35 > 0:07:39but the pistons in a bin lorry have oil inside them.
0:07:39 > 0:07:42Oil is a thick, gloopy liquid that is used in machines
0:07:42 > 0:07:46to help them work more smoothly. Have a look at this.
0:07:47 > 0:07:51Now, these two pistons are just like the ones we've been playing with,
0:07:51 > 0:07:53but they are connected with a tube.
0:07:53 > 0:07:57Molly, can you hold this for me, please? That's it, excellent.
0:07:57 > 0:07:59Now, I'm going to push this piston.
0:08:05 > 0:08:09- It's going to come into here. - Wow, clever engineering.
0:08:09 > 0:08:12- What's happening?- It's pushing up the other piston.- That's right.
0:08:12 > 0:08:15And, Molly, if you push the other piston down, we'll see
0:08:15 > 0:08:17if it works the other way.
0:08:23 > 0:08:24It worked!
0:08:24 > 0:08:27When the icing gets pushed out of one piston,
0:08:27 > 0:08:31it goes through the tube and into the other piston.
0:08:31 > 0:08:34Push one piston down and the other one is pushed up.
0:08:34 > 0:08:39But real pistons like the ones in the bin lorry have oil inside them.
0:08:39 > 0:08:43When one piston is pushed down, the other piston is pushed up,
0:08:43 > 0:08:47and it's pistons in a bin lorry that help lift the rubbish into the back.
0:08:47 > 0:08:50Bigger pistons can lift bigger things,
0:08:50 > 0:08:53and I know somewhere we can visit where there are giant pistons.
0:08:53 > 0:08:55So let's go, engineers!
0:08:57 > 0:09:01Now, we're going to see how giant sized pistons can lift very,
0:09:01 > 0:09:05very heavy things. We're here at the Thames Barrier.
0:09:05 > 0:09:09Engineers built this to stop London flooding.
0:09:09 > 0:09:13It has gates to stop the water in the river from getting too high.
0:09:13 > 0:09:16But these gates are really, really heavy.
0:09:16 > 0:09:21- So, can you guess what engineers use to lift up the gates?- Pistons.
0:09:21 > 0:09:23That's right, pistons! So, let's watch them working.
0:09:23 > 0:09:25I want to see this too, Nina.
0:09:52 > 0:09:56There are giant pistons in the Thames Barrier.
0:09:56 > 0:09:59These pistons lift the heavy gates up above the water.
0:09:59 > 0:10:02Looking at these giant pistons has given me
0:10:02 > 0:10:05an idea for one final experiment, so come with me.
0:10:07 > 0:10:11So, we know that pistons can move really heavy things,
0:10:11 > 0:10:12like the Thames Barrier.
0:10:12 > 0:10:15For this experiment, first of all, I'm going to try
0:10:15 > 0:10:19and move this brick using my hands.
0:10:23 > 0:10:26Sorry, Nina, that feels very heavy.
0:10:26 > 0:10:29You're right, Felix, I needed two hands to lift that.
0:10:32 > 0:10:36Engineers, do you think I can lift this brick using just one hand?
0:10:36 > 0:10:37ALL: No!
0:10:37 > 0:10:40Well, what about if I had help from a piston?
0:10:40 > 0:10:43Now, remember the pistons we had earlier?
0:10:43 > 0:10:47These pistons are similar, but one of them is long and thin
0:10:47 > 0:10:49and the other one is short and wide.
0:10:49 > 0:10:53And they are connected by a tube with some green oil inside.
0:10:53 > 0:10:58Now, I'm going to try pushing the thin piston down with just my hand.
0:11:08 > 0:11:09Yay, it worked!
0:11:09 > 0:11:12The oil was pushed out of the thin piston
0:11:12 > 0:11:16and could only go along the tube and into the wide piston.
0:11:16 > 0:11:19The wide piston was pushed up, even though there is a heavy
0:11:19 > 0:11:21brick on top of it.
0:11:21 > 0:11:25A little push on the thin piston became a big push on the wide
0:11:25 > 0:11:28piston because the oil was more spread out.
0:11:28 > 0:11:30That lifted the heavy brick.
0:11:30 > 0:11:34Pistons in bin lorries and the Thames barrier work
0:11:34 > 0:11:38just like this to lift heavy bins or heavy gates.
0:11:38 > 0:11:40This shows us how clever engineering is.
0:11:40 > 0:11:43It helps us to lift something really heavy, even if
0:11:43 > 0:11:45we can't lift it by ourselves.
0:11:47 > 0:11:50Your question was, how does a bin lorry work?
0:11:50 > 0:11:51And I think we've answered it.
0:11:51 > 0:11:55We discovered that bin lorries use pistons to lift bins
0:11:55 > 0:11:56and tip out their rubbish.
0:11:56 > 0:12:00Pistons are connected to each other using a tube with oil inside it.
0:12:00 > 0:12:03If you press down the piston at one end,
0:12:03 > 0:12:06it moves the piston at the other end of the tube.
0:12:06 > 0:12:09We also discovered that if you push down a long, thin piston,
0:12:09 > 0:12:11it can push up a short, wide piston
0:12:11 > 0:12:14that can lift something really, really heavy.
0:12:14 > 0:12:17- So, I hope that answered your question.- ALL: Thanks, Nina!
0:12:17 > 0:12:20# Nina and the neurons! #
0:12:24 > 0:12:29If you want to know more about the science and engineering that is
0:12:29 > 0:12:32all around us, visit the Nina section on the CBeebies website.
0:12:32 > 0:12:34Have fun!
0:12:34 > 0:12:38Pulling, pushing, twisting, mixing, drilling, squeezing, loading!
0:12:38 > 0:12:39# Go engineering
0:12:39 > 0:12:42ALL: # Go engineering
0:12:42 > 0:12:46# When you need to fly it, make it, shape it
0:12:47 > 0:12:48# Go engineering
0:12:48 > 0:12:51ALL: # Go engineering
0:12:51 > 0:12:55# When you want to build, go engineering
0:12:55 > 0:12:56# Engineering!
0:12:56 > 0:12:58# When you've got to solve a problem
0:12:58 > 0:13:00# But you don't have to do it
0:13:00 > 0:13:03# It's time to go engineering
0:13:03 > 0:13:05# Engineering
0:13:05 > 0:13:10# When you want to lift it, stick it, pump it, bend it
0:13:10 > 0:13:13# It's time to go engineering
0:13:13 > 0:13:14# Engineering
0:13:14 > 0:13:16# Go engineering
0:13:16 > 0:13:19ALL: # Go engineering
0:13:19 > 0:13:22# When you need to fly it, make it, shape it
0:13:22 > 0:13:24# Engineering
0:13:24 > 0:13:25# Go engineering
0:13:25 > 0:13:27ALL: # Go engineering
0:13:27 > 0:13:31# When you want to build, go engineering. #
0:13:32 > 0:13:34Go engineering!
0:13:34 > 0:13:40I've really enjoyed myself today. There were so many different smells.
0:13:40 > 0:13:46I've had a fab day. I even learnt a new word. Piston!
0:13:47 > 0:13:49It's been a marvellous day.
0:13:49 > 0:13:54Who'd have thought just a little touch can move such heavy beings?
0:13:54 > 0:13:57And remember, engineers help to build the world around us.
0:13:57 > 0:14:00They make things work and use science to solve problems.
0:14:00 > 0:14:02See you again soon. Bye!
0:14:02 > 0:14:04ALL: Bye!
0:14:04 > 0:14:06Go engineering!