0:00:05 > 0:00:08# If you've got a question and you don't know where to go
0:00:08 > 0:00:11# Ask Nina for some help cos she's got a science show
0:00:11 > 0:00:14# She makes sense of her senses while helping all her fans
0:00:14 > 0:00:17# By doing her experiments with potions and with bangs
0:00:17 > 0:00:19- # Touch your tongue - Tongue!
0:00:19 > 0:00:20- # Fingers - Fingers!
0:00:20 > 0:00:23- # Eyes.- Eyes! - Ears.- Ears!- Nose.- Nose!
0:00:23 > 0:00:26# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know
0:00:26 > 0:00:29# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know
0:00:29 > 0:00:32# Luke, he helps us with our eyes and Felix with our touch
0:00:32 > 0:00:35# Ollie sniffs out smells and Belle, she hears so much
0:00:35 > 0:00:38# Bud is Ollie's brother He helps us with our taste
0:00:38 > 0:00:41# They're Nina's little Neurons and they're coming to your place!
0:00:41 > 0:00:43- # Touch your tongue - Tongue!
0:00:43 > 0:00:44- # Fingers - Fingers!
0:00:44 > 0:00:47- # Eyes.- Eyes! - Ears.- Ears!- Nose.- Nose!
0:00:47 > 0:00:50# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know
0:00:50 > 0:00:53# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know
0:00:53 > 0:00:54# Oh, yeah! #
0:00:57 > 0:01:01Oh... Oh, hello. I'm experimenting with balance.
0:01:01 > 0:01:05I've been trying for ages to balance them evenly.
0:01:05 > 0:01:06Hopefully this time.
0:01:08 > 0:01:09Oh...
0:01:11 > 0:01:14- Ha-ha! Hooray, it's worked! - BEEPING
0:01:14 > 0:01:18I hear a beep, I see a flash. I wonder what they're going to ask.
0:01:22 > 0:01:26- Hi, Nina.- Hi, guys. - We have a question for you.
0:01:26 > 0:01:30- How do cranes lift heavy things? - That's a great question.
0:01:30 > 0:01:32How do cranes lift heavy things?
0:01:32 > 0:01:37Cranes solve lots of engineering problems, but how do they work?
0:01:37 > 0:01:40Come down to my workshop and we'll investigate.
0:01:40 > 0:01:43- See you soon, Nina. Bye!- Bye.
0:01:43 > 0:01:46I'm going to need some help to answer this one
0:01:46 > 0:01:50and I know just who to ask. OK, Neurons, time to get to work.
0:02:05 > 0:02:07- ALL:- Neurons at the ready, Nina.
0:02:08 > 0:02:12Today's question is how do cranes lift heavy things?
0:02:12 > 0:02:16Which Neuron will be most useful in helping us find the answer?
0:02:16 > 0:02:19- Me!- Me!- Me!
0:02:19 > 0:02:22Will it be fabulous Felix?
0:02:22 > 0:02:25I can help so very much if you need the sense of touch.
0:02:25 > 0:02:28Will it be beautiful Belle?
0:02:28 > 0:02:31I send messages to brain from ear. If there's a sound,
0:02:31 > 0:02:34- I'll help you hear. - Will it be lovely Luke?
0:02:34 > 0:02:36For looking and seeing, day or night,
0:02:36 > 0:02:41- I'll help you with your sense of sight.- Will it be awesome Ollie?
0:02:41 > 0:02:43If it's pongy or whiffy but you can't tell,
0:02:43 > 0:02:47- my messages help your sense of smell. - Or will it be baby Bud?
0:02:47 > 0:02:50Sour, salty, bitter or sweet,
0:02:50 > 0:02:52I'm your taste buddy whenever you eat.
0:02:55 > 0:02:58- It's Luke! - CHEERING
0:02:58 > 0:03:05- NEURONS:- Go Luke! Go Luke! Go Luke! Go Luke! Go Luke! Go Luke!
0:03:05 > 0:03:09Cool, Nina. I'll be looking out to help you.
0:03:09 > 0:03:12Today's question is "How do cranes lift heavy things?"
0:03:12 > 0:03:15We'll be looking at lots of cranes,
0:03:15 > 0:03:17so Luke, our sight Neuron, will be helping us.
0:03:17 > 0:03:22Right, I need to get the workshop ready before the engineers arrive.
0:03:24 > 0:03:26Blossom loves sandwiches,
0:03:26 > 0:03:29Ka Wing likes playing table tennis.
0:03:29 > 0:03:32I saw a crane at a building site.
0:03:32 > 0:03:35What can lift really big things?
0:03:35 > 0:03:40So today, for one day only, Blossom and Ka Wing become the engineers.
0:03:44 > 0:03:47- Hi, Blossom, hi, Ka Wing.- Hi, Nina.
0:03:47 > 0:03:51Welcome to my workshop. Thanks for your great question,
0:03:51 > 0:03:54"How do cranes lift heavy things?" To find out the answer,
0:03:54 > 0:03:56let's start by using our senses.
0:03:56 > 0:03:58- ALL:- Woop-woo!
0:03:58 > 0:04:01A senses experiment. We're ready, Nina!
0:04:01 > 0:04:04First, let's have a look at how a crane works.
0:04:06 > 0:04:10- What can you see the crane doing? - It's lifting things up.
0:04:10 > 0:04:15That's right. It's lifting something really heavy.
0:04:15 > 0:04:19Now, here we have a stone and a rubber duck.
0:04:19 > 0:04:22- Which one do you think would be heavier?- The stone.
0:04:22 > 0:04:25The stone looks heavier to me, Nina.
0:04:25 > 0:04:28You're both right, the stone is heavier.
0:04:28 > 0:04:33Let's see what happens if I put these on my weighing scales. Oh...
0:04:36 > 0:04:37Oh!
0:04:37 > 0:04:40The stone has made this side go down.
0:04:40 > 0:04:44That's because the stone is much heavier than the rubber duck.
0:04:44 > 0:04:49Let's see what happens if I put a stone in the other side as well.
0:04:49 > 0:04:51There you go, Mr Duck. Quack!
0:04:56 > 0:04:58Oh!
0:04:59 > 0:05:00Hey.
0:05:00 > 0:05:05Now that both sides have the same weight in them, they're balanced.
0:05:05 > 0:05:08So when cranes lift heavy things, they have to stay balanced
0:05:08 > 0:05:13to stop them falling over, and I'll show you how in our next experiment.
0:05:13 > 0:05:16To find out more about how a crane works,
0:05:16 > 0:05:21we're going to pretend to be one. So what does a crane look like?
0:05:21 > 0:05:22It's like a tall tower.
0:05:22 > 0:05:26And it has a long arm sticking out.
0:05:26 > 0:05:30That's right. I shall now become a crane.
0:05:30 > 0:05:34- Oh... - CHILDREN LAUGH
0:05:34 > 0:05:36Ha-ha-ha! Nina looks funny!
0:05:36 > 0:05:39But she does look like a crane!
0:05:39 > 0:05:43OK, Neurons, if you can stop giggling at me, you'll see that
0:05:43 > 0:05:48my legs are straight like the crane tower, and my body is the long arm.
0:05:48 > 0:05:50So why don't you guys try?
0:05:50 > 0:05:53That's it, very good. You should always bend your legs
0:05:53 > 0:05:57if you're lifting something heavy, but these boxes are very light.
0:05:57 > 0:05:59OK, so pick up the ropes.
0:06:00 > 0:06:03One, two, three, lift!
0:06:04 > 0:06:07We need crane sound effects!
0:06:07 > 0:06:10- Vrrrrr-rrrr!- Vrrr-rrr!
0:06:10 > 0:06:14Well done, our bodies make great cranes.
0:06:14 > 0:06:17Let's see what happens if we try the same again
0:06:17 > 0:06:21but with our backs against this wall. So, pop your boxes down.
0:06:21 > 0:06:25OK, after three we're going to make the shape of the crane
0:06:25 > 0:06:27with our bodies. One, two, three, go!
0:06:27 > 0:06:30Ooh... Ha-ha!
0:06:30 > 0:06:33- What happened?- We nearly fell.
0:06:33 > 0:06:35Yeah, we tripped forward, that's right.
0:06:35 > 0:06:39That's because, as we bend forward like a crane,
0:06:39 > 0:06:44our bottoms balance the weight of our top halves bending forwards.
0:06:44 > 0:06:47But when we're standing against the wall... Oh,
0:06:47 > 0:06:50our bodies can't move backwards. Ha-ha!
0:06:50 > 0:06:53- And what happens?- We fall forward.
0:06:53 > 0:06:56Yes, and most cranes work in exactly the same way.
0:06:56 > 0:07:00So, we found out that cranes have a long arm sticking out in front
0:07:00 > 0:07:05of them which stays straight, while a chain lift things up.
0:07:05 > 0:07:08But they also need something to stick out behind them
0:07:08 > 0:07:11to help them to balance so they don't tip over.
0:07:11 > 0:07:13Crane engineering is really clever.
0:07:13 > 0:07:17And we're going to find out more by visiting a big giant.
0:07:17 > 0:07:20Ho-ho! So come on, engineers, let's go!
0:07:23 > 0:07:26Oh, goodie! I love this bit.
0:07:26 > 0:07:29I wonder where Nina is taking us.
0:07:29 > 0:07:33Nina said something about visiting a big giant.
0:07:33 > 0:07:36Maybe it's giant pandas at the zoo!
0:07:36 > 0:07:38Sorry, guys - no pandas.
0:07:38 > 0:07:41But I think I see the giant!
0:07:41 > 0:07:44Your question was "How do cranes lift heavy things?"
0:07:44 > 0:07:48We've discovered that there are lots of different types of cranes
0:07:48 > 0:07:53and some, like this massive crane, are shaped a bit like a "T".
0:07:53 > 0:07:56To balance properly, cranes also need something to stick out
0:07:56 > 0:07:59behind it so it doesn't fall over.
0:07:59 > 0:08:01This amazing crane was used to build ships.
0:08:01 > 0:08:06It is so strong it could lift over 100 cars all at once.
0:08:06 > 0:08:10Normally we're not allowed to go near cranes because they're working,
0:08:10 > 0:08:14but this is a special crane that we're allowed to visit. Let's go!
0:08:19 > 0:08:22Oh, we're very high up, Nina.
0:08:22 > 0:08:26It's OK, Felix. Cranes are often very high up.
0:08:26 > 0:08:29They have to be, so that we can use them to build tall towers
0:08:29 > 0:08:32and lift heavy things up high.
0:08:32 > 0:08:33What's that for, Nina?
0:08:33 > 0:08:37That's the strong metal cable that has a hook on the end
0:08:37 > 0:08:40that the crane uses to pick things up.
0:08:40 > 0:08:44And this here is a trolley, and it moves the cable backwards
0:08:44 > 0:08:49and forwards. In fact, I'll show you on the model crane how it works.
0:08:49 > 0:08:51So, this is the trolley here.
0:08:51 > 0:08:56And it moves the cable backwards and forwards so that the heavy load...
0:08:56 > 0:08:58Oh!
0:08:58 > 0:09:01..can be moved to wherever they need to be dropped off.
0:09:01 > 0:09:05But, Nina, why doesn't this crane fall over?
0:09:05 > 0:09:09Good question, Luke! As the heavy load is at this end,
0:09:09 > 0:09:12there needs to be another heavy thing at the other end
0:09:12 > 0:09:15to make it balance. Just like our weighing scales.
0:09:15 > 0:09:17So let's have a look.
0:09:18 > 0:09:20This is the counterweight.
0:09:20 > 0:09:22Counterweight.
0:09:22 > 0:09:26That's an interesting word. Counterweight.
0:09:26 > 0:09:29Engineers use a counterweight to balance a heavy weight
0:09:29 > 0:09:32so the crane doesn't tip over.
0:09:32 > 0:09:36It's like when we moved our bottoms back so that we didn't fall over.
0:09:36 > 0:09:39When the crane lifts a light load,
0:09:39 > 0:09:42it can lift it from the very end of the arm.
0:09:42 > 0:09:45But when the crane lifts a very, very heavy load,
0:09:45 > 0:09:49it has to move it much closer to the middle, just like this.
0:09:54 > 0:09:57Why does it have to move, Nina?
0:09:57 > 0:09:59Oh, good question.
0:09:59 > 0:10:02Let's go back to the workshop and we'll investigate.
0:10:04 > 0:10:07OK, engineers. For this experiment only,
0:10:07 > 0:10:11we're going to pretend that this seesaw is a crane. Ha!
0:10:11 > 0:10:15Blossom, you can be the heavy weight that the crane is lifting,
0:10:15 > 0:10:19and, Ka Wing, I'd like you to be the counterweight at the other end,
0:10:19 > 0:10:21keeping the crane balanced.
0:10:21 > 0:10:25But what if the crane needs to lift something heavier?
0:10:25 > 0:10:27Blossom, I'm much heavier than you are
0:10:27 > 0:10:31so I'll pretend to be the heavier load. Let's swap!
0:10:33 > 0:10:35That felt odd.
0:10:35 > 0:10:39- Oh, what's happened? - It's not balanced any more.
0:10:39 > 0:10:40That's right.
0:10:40 > 0:10:44I'm heavier than Ka Wing, so our crane isn't balanced any more.
0:10:44 > 0:10:49- And what can happen if a crane isn't balanced?- It could fall over, Nina.
0:10:49 > 0:10:51That's right. So we need to fix this.
0:10:51 > 0:10:54What do you remember about the big crane?
0:10:54 > 0:10:57Where on its arm did it lift the heavy load?
0:10:57 > 0:11:00- Close to the middle, Nina. - That's right.
0:11:00 > 0:11:03The heavy load could move backwards and forwards.
0:11:03 > 0:11:07Let's see what happens if I move closer to the middle of the seesaw.
0:11:07 > 0:11:10Here we go. Oh!
0:11:11 > 0:11:12Oh...
0:11:12 > 0:11:13Oh...
0:11:13 > 0:11:18- They're balancing! I love seesaws.- Hooray!
0:11:18 > 0:11:23We're balanced! Well done, Ka Wing. You're a brilliant counterweight.
0:11:23 > 0:11:28So, even though I'm heavier than Ka Wing, the crane is balanced.
0:11:28 > 0:11:31That's because we're different distances from the middle
0:11:31 > 0:11:35of the seesaw. This is the same as a real crane.
0:11:35 > 0:11:37By moving the heavy load closer to the middle,
0:11:37 > 0:11:41a crane can lift lots of different things, like a car or even
0:11:41 > 0:11:46something much heavier, like a ship, and still stay balanced.
0:11:46 > 0:11:49# Nina and the Neurons! #
0:11:50 > 0:11:54So, your question was "How do cranes lift heavy things?"
0:11:54 > 0:11:56I think we've answered it.
0:11:56 > 0:11:59We discovered that cranes have to stay balanced to stop them from
0:11:59 > 0:12:03falling over, and because cranes lift lots of different weights,
0:12:03 > 0:12:07engineers invented a counterweight, which helps balance everything.
0:12:07 > 0:12:10Light loads can be lifted at the end of the crane arm,
0:12:10 > 0:12:13but heavy loads are lifted nearer the middle.
0:12:13 > 0:12:17- So I hope that's answered your question.- Thanks, Nina. Bye.
0:12:17 > 0:12:19You're welcome. Bye.
0:12:19 > 0:12:23If you want to know more about the science in engineering
0:12:23 > 0:12:27that's all around us, go to the Nina section on the CBeebies website.
0:12:27 > 0:12:28Have fun!
0:12:28 > 0:12:30- # Pulling.- Pushing. - Twisting.- Mixing.
0:12:30 > 0:12:34- # Drilling.- Squeezing.- Floating - Go engineering
0:12:34 > 0:12:36# Go engineering!
0:12:36 > 0:12:41# When you need to fly it make it, shape it
0:12:41 > 0:12:46- # Go engineering - Go engineering!
0:12:46 > 0:12:49# When you want to build Go engineering
0:12:49 > 0:12:50# Engineering!
0:12:50 > 0:12:55# When you've got to solve a problem but you don't know how to do it
0:12:55 > 0:12:58# It's time to go engineering
0:12:58 > 0:12:59# Engineering!
0:12:59 > 0:13:04# When you want to lift it stick it, pop it, bend it
0:13:04 > 0:13:07# It's time to go engineering
0:13:07 > 0:13:09# Engineering!
0:13:09 > 0:13:13- # Go engineering - Go engineering!
0:13:13 > 0:13:16# When you need to fly it make it, shape it
0:13:16 > 0:13:18# Engineering!
0:13:18 > 0:13:22- # Go engineering - Go engineering!
0:13:22 > 0:13:27# When you want to build go engineering
0:13:27 > 0:13:29# Go engineering! #
0:13:29 > 0:13:34It's been a marvellous day. Especially the balancing experiment.
0:13:34 > 0:13:38Ah, it's been such a great day, man.
0:13:38 > 0:13:41The view from the crane was amazing!
0:13:41 > 0:13:48I've had a fabby day! That seesaw experiment was fantastic!
0:13:48 > 0:13:51And remember, engineers help to build the world around us.
0:13:51 > 0:13:55They make things work and use science to solve problems.
0:13:55 > 0:13:57See you again soon. Bye.
0:13:57 > 0:13:58Bye!