0:00:05 > 0:00:08# If you've got a question and you don't know where to go
0:00:08 > 0:00:12# Ask Nina for some help cos she's got a science show
0:00:12 > 0:00:15# She makes sense of her senses while helping all her fans
0:00:15 > 0:00:17# By doing her experiments with potions and with bangs
0:00:17 > 0:00:19- # Touch your tongue - Tongue!
0:00:19 > 0:00:20- # Fingers - Fingers!
0:00:20 > 0:00:23- # Eyes.- Eyes!- Ears.- Ears!- Nose!- Nose!
0:00:23 > 0:00:26# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know
0:00:26 > 0:00:30# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know
0:00:30 > 0:00:32# Luke, he helps us with our eyes and Felix with our touch
0:00:32 > 0:00:36# Ollie sniffs out smells and Belle, she hears so much
0:00:36 > 0:00:39# Bud is Ollie's brother, he helps us with our taste
0:00:39 > 0:00:41# They're Nina's little neurons and they're coming to your place!
0:00:41 > 0:00:43- # Touch your tongue - Tongue!
0:00:43 > 0:00:44- # Fingers - Fingers!
0:00:44 > 0:00:48- # Eyes.- Eyes!- Ears.- Ears!- Nose!- Nose!
0:00:48 > 0:00:51# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know
0:00:51 > 0:00:53# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know
0:00:53 > 0:00:55# Oh, yeah! #
0:00:57 > 0:00:59Three, two, one... There!
0:00:59 > 0:01:02Oh, hello.
0:01:02 > 0:01:05I'm just boiling an egg left over from an experiment
0:01:05 > 0:01:08and according to my egg timer, it should be ready now.
0:01:11 > 0:01:15Oh! There. One perfectly cooked egg.
0:01:15 > 0:01:18BEEPING
0:01:18 > 0:01:20Oh! I hear a beep, I see a flash.
0:01:20 > 0:01:23I wonder what they're going to ask.
0:01:28 > 0:01:30ALL: 'Hi, Nina!'
0:01:30 > 0:01:34- Hi, guys!- 'We've got a question. How does a clock work?'
0:01:34 > 0:01:37That's a great question. How does a clock work?
0:01:37 > 0:01:39A clock is an amazing invention.
0:01:39 > 0:01:42Without it, we wouldn't know what time it was.
0:01:42 > 0:01:45We might have dinner at lunchtime or go to bed in the afternoon.
0:01:45 > 0:01:51- Come to the workshop and we'll check it out.- 'See you soon, Nina. Bye!'
0:01:51 > 0:01:53Bye!
0:01:53 > 0:01:57I need some help to answer this and I know just who to ask.
0:01:57 > 0:01:59OK, Neurons, time to get to work.
0:02:16 > 0:02:19Neurons at the ready, Nina.
0:02:20 > 0:02:23OK, today's question is "how does a clock work?"
0:02:23 > 0:02:27Which Neuron will be most useful in helping us find the answer?
0:02:27 > 0:02:30ALL: Me! Me!
0:02:30 > 0:02:33Will it be fabulous Felix?
0:02:33 > 0:02:37I can help so very much if you need the sense of touch.
0:02:37 > 0:02:39Will it be beautiful Belle?
0:02:39 > 0:02:41I send messages to brain from ear.
0:02:41 > 0:02:43If there's a sound, I'll help you hear.
0:02:43 > 0:02:45Will it be lovely Luke?
0:02:45 > 0:02:47For looking and seeing, day or night,
0:02:47 > 0:02:50I'll help you with your sense of sight.
0:02:50 > 0:02:52Will it be awesome Ollie?
0:02:52 > 0:02:54If it's pongy or whiffy but you can't tell,
0:02:54 > 0:02:57my messages help your sense of smell.
0:02:57 > 0:02:58Or will it be baby Bud?
0:02:58 > 0:03:01Sour, salty, bitter or sweet
0:03:01 > 0:03:03I'm your taste buddy whenever you eat!
0:03:03 > 0:03:05BEEPING
0:03:07 > 0:03:09It's Belle!
0:03:09 > 0:03:13OTHERS CHANT: Go, Belle! Go, Belle! Go, Belle! Go, Belle!
0:03:13 > 0:03:17Go, Belle! Go, Belle! Go, Belle!
0:03:17 > 0:03:19Brilliant! I'm all ears, Nina.
0:03:19 > 0:03:22Today's question is how does a clock work?
0:03:22 > 0:03:24Because we can hear a clock tick-tock-ticking,
0:03:24 > 0:03:27Belle will be helping us today but stand by, Luke.
0:03:27 > 0:03:29I might need help from you, too.
0:03:29 > 0:03:33At your service, Nina. Here's looking at you!
0:03:33 > 0:03:36Right, I need to get the workshop ready before the Inventors arrive.
0:03:39 > 0:03:41Austin, Cooper and Jay want to find out all about clocks.
0:03:41 > 0:03:45Tall clocks, small clocks, noisy, wake-up call clocks.
0:03:45 > 0:03:48So, today, for one day only, Boston, Cooper and Jay become
0:03:48 > 0:03:51The Inventors!
0:03:54 > 0:03:56- Hi, guys!- Hi, Nina!
0:03:56 > 0:03:58Come in, welcome to my workshop.
0:03:58 > 0:04:02Thank you very much for your brilliant question
0:04:02 > 0:04:05which was how does a clock work? Why do you want to know that?
0:04:05 > 0:04:11In our house, we've got a clock and it makes a bong sound and we jump.
0:04:11 > 0:04:13Now, not all clocks are that noisy.
0:04:13 > 0:04:16I've got some of my clocks here. So, let's have a listen.
0:04:16 > 0:04:18- CLOCKS TICK - Can you hear anything?
0:04:18 > 0:04:20Oh, yes. I can definitely hear a sound.
0:04:20 > 0:04:24Tick-tock, tick-tock, tick-tock, tick-tock!
0:04:24 > 0:04:27The clock is ticking, Nina.
0:04:27 > 0:04:30That's right. This clock is ticking here.
0:04:30 > 0:04:34That's the sound of this hand counting out the seconds.
0:04:34 > 0:04:37It's going quite fast, isn't it?
0:04:38 > 0:04:42There's two other hands on this clock. What speed are they going at?
0:04:42 > 0:04:46- Much slower. - Yeah, they're going much slower!
0:04:46 > 0:04:51This hand here is going quite slowly - it's counting the minutes.
0:04:51 > 0:04:56And this hand in the middle is counting the hours.
0:04:56 > 0:04:59It doesn't look like it's moving, but it is, just really slowly.
0:04:59 > 0:05:01Can anyone tell me what time it is?
0:05:01 > 0:05:03Erm...er...
0:05:03 > 0:05:06The small hand tells us what hour it is,
0:05:06 > 0:05:09and the big hand tells us the minutes!
0:05:09 > 0:05:11- So it's...- Lunchtime!
0:05:11 > 0:05:14Ha-ha-ha! Oh, Bud...
0:05:14 > 0:05:16Five past twelve.
0:05:16 > 0:05:18That's right, five past twelve.
0:05:18 > 0:05:22So we've found out that there are three hands on a clock
0:05:22 > 0:05:24going at different speeds, to tell us the time.
0:05:24 > 0:05:27But how do the hands move?
0:05:27 > 0:05:30I think we need to get inside and have a closer look.
0:05:30 > 0:05:34So let me show you this clock here...
0:05:34 > 0:05:38Now, what do you think these round things are?
0:05:38 > 0:05:40- Cogs.- That's right!
0:05:40 > 0:05:42If we look really closely -
0:05:42 > 0:05:45and I'll use my Nina-cam here -
0:05:45 > 0:05:50we can see that if one cog turns, they all turn.
0:05:50 > 0:05:53So we've got a little white cog here, moving quite fast,
0:05:53 > 0:05:57which is turning the red cog, which is moving the yellow cog, and so on.
0:05:57 > 0:06:01Each cog is moving a little more slowly than the last.
0:06:01 > 0:06:03Cogs have been around for a long time,
0:06:03 > 0:06:07and we can find cogs in some new inventions too...
0:06:07 > 0:06:10Actually, I know something really big and exciting that uses cogs.
0:06:10 > 0:06:15In fact, it's so special there's only one in the whole country!
0:06:15 > 0:06:18- Shall we go and see another invention in action?- Yes!
0:06:18 > 0:06:20Brilliant, let's go!
0:06:25 > 0:06:29Off they go. I really enjoy seeing the big inventions.
0:06:29 > 0:06:35I'm looking forward to this. It sounds like a really special place.
0:06:35 > 0:06:38Let's think. Nina says it uses cogs,
0:06:38 > 0:06:41and there's only one in the whole country!
0:06:41 > 0:06:44Well, it looks like we'll find out soon enough!
0:06:44 > 0:06:46Look up there, guys, look!
0:06:46 > 0:06:51This is the Falkirk Wheel. It's like a lift, for boats.
0:06:51 > 0:06:55It takes boats from down here, all the way up to there,
0:06:55 > 0:06:56and it uses cogs to do it.
0:06:56 > 0:06:58So let's go and watch!
0:07:05 > 0:07:07So can anyone see any cogs?
0:07:07 > 0:07:08ALL: There!
0:07:08 > 0:07:11Ah-ha, yeah! The Falkirk Wheel has five cogs.
0:07:11 > 0:07:15Three big ones, and two small ones.
0:07:15 > 0:07:17The cogs are turning.
0:07:17 > 0:07:21Oh, so they are! The three big cogs are moving at the same speed,
0:07:21 > 0:07:25but the two smaller cogs are moving much more quickly,
0:07:25 > 0:07:27and it's the same with cogs on a clock -
0:07:27 > 0:07:30they move at different speeds too.
0:07:30 > 0:07:33- So shall we make the cogs work some more and take a boat trip?- Yes!
0:07:33 > 0:07:36Brilliant, let's go!
0:07:36 > 0:07:39Whee-ha! I love boats.
0:07:39 > 0:07:45# A sailor went to sea-sea-sea To see what he could see-see-see... #
0:07:45 > 0:07:50- Bud, stop singing, we're meant to be looking at the invention.- OK.
0:08:14 > 0:08:17So cogs are used in all different things,
0:08:17 > 0:08:19such as clocks and big machines.
0:08:19 > 0:08:22But how do they actually work?
0:08:22 > 0:08:26We need to get back to the workshop and get inventing, so let's go!
0:08:29 > 0:08:32Now, as you know, I'm always on time.
0:08:32 > 0:08:36But I wonder who actually invented the clock?
0:08:36 > 0:08:39Listen to me, everyone. I can tell you.
0:08:39 > 0:08:41For thousands of years,
0:08:41 > 0:08:44people had been thinking up ways of telling the time.
0:08:47 > 0:08:50But even when the first clocks were invented,
0:08:50 > 0:08:53they didn't always keep the right time.
0:08:53 > 0:08:58That man there is Christiaan Huygens, and he had an idea.
0:08:58 > 0:09:01He invented a clock that used a pendulum.
0:09:01 > 0:09:03That's the swingy thing
0:09:03 > 0:09:06that hangs down from the bottom of clocks sometimes.
0:09:06 > 0:09:12And that kept the right time. He was never late for anything ever again!
0:09:14 > 0:09:17So your question was, how does a clock work?
0:09:17 > 0:09:21We've found out that a clock uses cogs to move its hands,
0:09:21 > 0:09:24and cogs are found in lots of inventions,
0:09:24 > 0:09:28and we even saw really big cogs working in the Falkirk Wheel
0:09:28 > 0:09:32to move boats! But what is a cog, and how does it work?
0:09:32 > 0:09:35I think it's time to make some cogs so we can find out.
0:09:35 > 0:09:37The first thing you need to do
0:09:37 > 0:09:40is to cut the shapes out using your scissors,
0:09:40 > 0:09:42and taking your time!
0:09:44 > 0:09:48Now, do be careful, and watch those fingers!
0:09:48 > 0:09:50Scissors can be very sharp.
0:09:50 > 0:09:54Next we're going to place our circles onto a flat piece of card,
0:09:54 > 0:09:56and then we're going to glue them down.
0:10:00 > 0:10:02Good gluing, guys.
0:10:03 > 0:10:06Next we need to cut the shapes out.
0:10:07 > 0:10:10Now we're going to make a small cog, and for this bit,
0:10:10 > 0:10:15you need the green circle, and we're going to attach this bottle top.
0:10:15 > 0:10:19Very good. To complete the small cog, we need to attach on the bottom
0:10:19 > 0:10:23the blue one, and one of the little yellow ones.
0:10:23 > 0:10:25Well done. Grab a long paper fastener...
0:10:27 > 0:10:29..pop it through the hole in our cog,
0:10:29 > 0:10:32gently squeeze, mind your fingers at the end.
0:10:32 > 0:10:35Now we'll make the large cog, just like before.
0:10:35 > 0:10:39So it's really important that the large cog
0:10:39 > 0:10:44is pressed as tightly as possible against the inside of the small cog.
0:10:44 > 0:10:46We need to put a paper fastener in here
0:10:46 > 0:10:49to attach the cog in the right position...
0:10:49 > 0:10:52Ta-dah! We have made our very own set of cogs.
0:10:52 > 0:10:55Let's give them a twiddle and see what happens. Go for it!
0:10:57 > 0:11:00Round and round and round they go,
0:11:00 > 0:11:03some go fast and some go slow.
0:11:03 > 0:11:05Ha-ha! I think you've cracked it, Nina.
0:11:05 > 0:11:08I think we have, Luke!
0:11:08 > 0:11:12When this cog moves the other cog starts moving too.
0:11:12 > 0:11:16- Big cog is moving slower than the little cog.- That's right.
0:11:16 > 0:11:18Different-sized cogs move at different speeds.
0:11:18 > 0:11:21The smaller cog is moving quite quickly,
0:11:21 > 0:11:25so that would move the hand that counts the minutes on a clock,
0:11:25 > 0:11:28and the bigger cog is moving more slowly,
0:11:28 > 0:11:31so that would move the hand that counts the hours.
0:11:31 > 0:11:35That's how the cogs inside a clock work. Well done, Inventors!
0:11:38 > 0:11:41So your question was, how does a clock work?
0:11:41 > 0:11:45And I think we've answered it! We found out that inside a clock
0:11:45 > 0:11:49are things called cogs, and cogs are used in lots of machines,
0:11:49 > 0:11:53and we even saw really big cogs on the Falkirk Wheel!
0:11:53 > 0:11:57When one cog turns, it makes other cogs of different sizes
0:11:57 > 0:11:59move at different speeds.
0:11:59 > 0:12:01And a clock works in the same way.
0:12:01 > 0:12:05Cogs in a clock can move three different hands at different speeds,
0:12:05 > 0:12:08and having three hands telling us the time
0:12:08 > 0:12:10means we always know exactly what time it is!
0:12:10 > 0:12:13So thank you very much for coming to see me today.
0:12:13 > 0:12:16- ALL: Thanks, Nina. Bye!- Bye!
0:12:21 > 0:12:24If you want to make today's invention, just go to
0:12:24 > 0:12:26the Nina section on the CBeebies website.
0:12:26 > 0:12:29That'll give you all the instructions you need.
0:12:29 > 0:12:32Or you may have other ideas of what you want to invent!
0:12:33 > 0:12:37- Bikes!- Planes!- Binoculars!
0:12:37 > 0:12:39- Televisions!- Speakers!- And cars!
0:12:39 > 0:12:42# We all love inventing
0:12:42 > 0:12:46# Whoah-oh-ohh, go inventing!
0:12:46 > 0:12:48# We all love inventing
0:12:48 > 0:12:51# Why don't you try it too?
0:12:51 > 0:12:54# Inventions make life easier
0:12:54 > 0:12:58- # And help us get things done - Go inventing!
0:12:58 > 0:13:00# I always like to take a look
0:13:00 > 0:13:04- # At how they work and run - Go inventing!
0:13:04 > 0:13:06# We all love inventing
0:13:06 > 0:13:10# Whoah-oh-ohh, go inventing!
0:13:10 > 0:13:12# We all love inventing
0:13:12 > 0:13:15# Why don't you try it too? #
0:13:15 > 0:13:18Oh, I've had a brilliant day,
0:13:18 > 0:13:21listening to the tick-tock tick-tock of the clock!
0:13:21 > 0:13:23It's been a marvellous day.
0:13:23 > 0:13:28I loved looking inside the clock and seeing what makes it tick.
0:13:28 > 0:13:32Ah, it's been such a great day, man,
0:13:32 > 0:13:37watching all those big cogs on the Falkirk Wheel. Amazing.
0:13:37 > 0:13:39I've had a fabby day!
0:13:39 > 0:13:43My favourite bit was being on the boat.
0:13:43 > 0:13:46Everyone had the best time ever!
0:13:46 > 0:13:49Get it? Best "time" ever!
0:13:49 > 0:13:52I really enjoyed myself today,
0:13:52 > 0:13:55especially when everybody made their own cogs out of cardboard.
0:13:55 > 0:14:00Nina and the Inventors are so clever. It worked really well!
0:14:00 > 0:14:04Our day has been bursting with inventions. Hope you enjoyed it.
0:14:04 > 0:14:06See you again soon. Bye!
0:14:06 > 0:14:07ALL: Bye!
0:14:07 > 0:14:11E-mail subtitling@bbc.co.uk