0:00:05 > 0:00:08# If you've got a question and you don't know where to go
0:00:08 > 0:00:12# Ask Nina for some help cos she's got a science show
0:00:12 > 0:00:15# She makes sense of her senses While helping all her fans
0:00:15 > 0:00:17# By doing her experiments with potions and with bangs
0:00:17 > 0:00:19- # Touch your tongue - Tongue!
0:00:19 > 0:00:20- # Fingers - Fingers!
0:00:20 > 0:00:21- # Eyes - Eyes!
0:00:21 > 0:00:22- # Ears - Ears!
0:00:22 > 0:00:24- # Nose - Nose!
0:00:24 > 0:00:26# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know
0:00:26 > 0:00:30# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know
0:00:30 > 0:00:32# Luke, he helps us with our eyes and Felix with our touch
0:00:32 > 0:00:36# Ollie sniffs out smells and scents And Belle, she hears so much
0:00:36 > 0:00:38# Bud is Ollie's brother he helps us with our taste
0:00:38 > 0:00:42# They're Nina's little neurons And they're coming to your place!
0:00:42 > 0:00:43- # Touch your tongue - Tongue!
0:00:43 > 0:00:44- # Fingers - Fingers!
0:00:44 > 0:00:46- # Eyes - Eyes!
0:00:46 > 0:00:47- # Ears - Ears!
0:00:47 > 0:00:48- # Nose - Nose!
0:00:48 > 0:00:51# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know
0:00:51 > 0:00:54# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know
0:00:54 > 0:00:55# Oh, yeah! #
0:00:58 > 0:01:02Hello, I'm just making a cup of tea in my favourite mug,
0:01:02 > 0:01:04and now all I need to do is add the milk.
0:01:06 > 0:01:07There we go. Perfect!
0:01:07 > 0:01:09BEEP, BEEP!
0:01:09 > 0:01:12I hear a beep, I see a flash,
0:01:12 > 0:01:14I wonder what they're going to ask.
0:01:20 > 0:01:22BOTH: Hi, Nina!
0:01:22 > 0:01:23Hello there!
0:01:23 > 0:01:27I've got a question for you. How does a flask work?
0:01:27 > 0:01:31That's a great question! How does a flask work?
0:01:31 > 0:01:34A flask is a brilliant invention because it means
0:01:34 > 0:01:37we can take a hot or a cold drink with us wherever we go.
0:01:37 > 0:01:40Come down to my workshop and we'll check it out!
0:01:40 > 0:01:43BOTH: See you soon, Nina! Bye!
0:01:43 > 0:01:44See you soon!
0:01:45 > 0:01:48Well, I'm going to need some help answering this one,
0:01:48 > 0:01:50and I know just who to ask.
0:01:50 > 0:01:53OK, Neurons, time to get to work!
0:02:09 > 0:02:11ALL: Neurons at the ready, Nina!
0:02:11 > 0:02:16OK. Today's question is, how does a flask work?
0:02:16 > 0:02:20Which neuron do you think will be most useful in finding the answer?
0:02:20 > 0:02:23ALL: Me! Me, me! Me!
0:02:23 > 0:02:26Will it be fabulous Felix?
0:02:26 > 0:02:30I can help so very much if you need the sense of touch.
0:02:30 > 0:02:32Will it be beautiful Belle?
0:02:32 > 0:02:34I send messages to brain from ear,
0:02:34 > 0:02:36if there's a sound, I'll help you hear.
0:02:36 > 0:02:38Will it be lovely Luke?
0:02:38 > 0:02:41For looking and seeing, day or night,
0:02:41 > 0:02:43I'll help you with your sense of sight.
0:02:43 > 0:02:45Will it be awesome Ollie?
0:02:45 > 0:02:47If it's pongy or whiffy, but you can't tell
0:02:47 > 0:02:50my messages help your sense of smell.
0:02:50 > 0:02:51Or will it be baby Bud?
0:02:51 > 0:02:54Sour, salty, bitter or sweet,
0:02:54 > 0:02:56I'm your taste-buddy whenever you eat.
0:02:56 > 0:02:58BEEPING
0:03:01 > 0:03:03It's Felix!
0:03:03 > 0:03:05ALL: Go, Felix! Go, Felix!
0:03:05 > 0:03:09Go, Felix! Go, Felix! Go, Felix! Go, Felix!
0:03:09 > 0:03:11Go, Felix!
0:03:11 > 0:03:15Marvellous. A little touch can mean so much, Nina.
0:03:15 > 0:03:18Today's question is, how does a flask work?
0:03:18 > 0:03:21And because a flask keeps drinks hot or cold,
0:03:21 > 0:03:23and we feel how hot or cold something is,
0:03:23 > 0:03:25Felix will be helping us today.
0:03:25 > 0:03:28But - stand by, Neurons - I may need help from all of you.
0:03:28 > 0:03:31Right, I need to get the workshop ready before the Inventors arrive!
0:03:33 > 0:03:37Sophie and Megan want to find out all about flasks.
0:03:37 > 0:03:41Small flasks, tall flasks, keep-your-drink-hot-or-cold flasks,
0:03:41 > 0:03:46so today, for one day only, Sophie and Megan become...the Inventors!
0:03:48 > 0:03:51- Hi, guys! - BOTH: Hi, Nina.
0:03:51 > 0:03:54Welcome to my workshop, in you come.
0:03:54 > 0:03:57It's lovely to see you both.
0:03:57 > 0:03:59So your question was, how does a flask work?
0:03:59 > 0:04:01Why do you want to know about flasks?
0:04:01 > 0:04:03When we go camping,
0:04:03 > 0:04:08- we take hot drinks in our flasks like this hot chocolate.- Ooh!
0:04:08 > 0:04:12And when we go to the beach we take cold drinks, like this juice.
0:04:12 > 0:04:17We want to know how hot things keep hot...
0:04:17 > 0:04:19..and cold things cold.
0:04:19 > 0:04:21Well, I think the first thing we should do
0:04:21 > 0:04:23is have a look at your flasks.
0:04:23 > 0:04:27So, Megan, you said you put hot chocolate in there this morning.
0:04:27 > 0:04:29Let's see if it's still hot.
0:04:29 > 0:04:30Watch your fingers, Nina!
0:04:30 > 0:04:34You can feel the warmth coming right through the cup.
0:04:34 > 0:04:36You're right, Felix, it certainly feels warm.
0:04:39 > 0:04:42Mmm, and it tastes warm too!
0:04:42 > 0:04:44Now can I try some of your cold drink?
0:04:44 > 0:04:47- Yes.- Oh, thank you very much.
0:04:50 > 0:04:52Oh, lovely!
0:04:52 > 0:04:54Mmm, yummy orange!
0:04:54 > 0:04:58Mmm! Oh, that's really cold!
0:04:58 > 0:05:02So we know that flasks definitely keep hot things hot
0:05:02 > 0:05:03and cold things cold.
0:05:03 > 0:05:07But how do they do it? Let's get inside and have a closer look.
0:05:07 > 0:05:08Taking things apart is my job.
0:05:08 > 0:05:11It can be dangerous, so don't do this yourself.
0:05:11 > 0:05:15That's right. Nina's been specially trained to do this.
0:05:15 > 0:05:17You could get hurt when you take things apart,
0:05:17 > 0:05:19so it's best to leave it to the experts.
0:05:19 > 0:05:22Here we have the inside of a flask.
0:05:22 > 0:05:28As you can see, a flask has a cap, an outer case,
0:05:28 > 0:05:30and an inner container.
0:05:30 > 0:05:34Some flasks have a glass or plastic inner container,
0:05:34 > 0:05:35but this one has a metal one.
0:05:35 > 0:05:40This space in between here...
0:05:40 > 0:05:43That's the most interesting part of a flask.
0:05:43 > 0:05:48You see, in between these two sides is nothing at all!
0:05:48 > 0:05:52- Nothing?!- But it's a special sort of nothing.
0:05:52 > 0:05:56You see, if you were to look at this glass jar over here,
0:05:56 > 0:05:59it looks empty. But in fact there's actually something in it.
0:05:59 > 0:06:01Can you guess what it is?
0:06:01 > 0:06:04- Air.- That's right, air!
0:06:04 > 0:06:06So air is inside most things that look empty,
0:06:06 > 0:06:10but, in between these two sides is nothing at all,
0:06:10 > 0:06:14not even air, and we call this a vacuum.
0:06:14 > 0:06:18So why is there a vacuum in a flask?
0:06:18 > 0:06:21Well, it's all to do with heat.
0:06:21 > 0:06:24Here is a cup of tea that I made earlier on,
0:06:24 > 0:06:27so would you like to feel the end of the teaspoon?
0:06:27 > 0:06:29It feels warm.
0:06:29 > 0:06:31That's because heat travels along things.
0:06:31 > 0:06:34So if we put a teaspoon in a cup of tea,
0:06:34 > 0:06:38the heat goes up the teaspoon, and you can feel it at the end.
0:06:38 > 0:06:41So heat travels along anything,
0:06:41 > 0:06:45but, in a vacuum, there's nothing at all,
0:06:45 > 0:06:49so it's really difficult for the heat to travel through it.
0:06:49 > 0:06:52If you have something hot in a vacuum flask the heat can't get out,
0:06:52 > 0:06:55and if you have something cold in a vacuum flask,
0:06:55 > 0:06:57heat can't get in to make it warm.
0:06:57 > 0:07:00And I know something else that works like a vacuum flask,
0:07:00 > 0:07:02only it's much bigger.
0:07:02 > 0:07:05- Shall we go and see another invention in action?- Yes!- Let's go!
0:07:12 > 0:07:15Oh, goody! I love this bit.
0:07:15 > 0:07:17The big inventions always amaze me.
0:07:17 > 0:07:20I wonder where we're going...
0:07:20 > 0:07:24It works like a flask, only it's much bigger. That's what Nina said.
0:07:24 > 0:07:26I think we've arrived!
0:07:26 > 0:07:31So here we are, everyone. We've come to the snow slope!
0:07:31 > 0:07:32There's so much snow in here!
0:07:32 > 0:07:35How come the snow doesn't melt?
0:07:35 > 0:07:37That's a very good question.
0:07:37 > 0:07:41I think it might have something to do with the walls and the windows.
0:07:41 > 0:07:43Let's go and have a closer look.
0:07:47 > 0:07:50They just look like normal windows and walls.
0:07:50 > 0:07:53Yeah, they do look just like normal windows and walls,
0:07:53 > 0:07:56but they're not!
0:07:56 > 0:07:58These windows have a vacuum inside them,
0:07:58 > 0:08:00just like our vacuum flask,
0:08:00 > 0:08:03and these walls are specially designed to keep the heat out.
0:08:03 > 0:08:10Whoa! We're inside a giant flask! We're like chocolate chip ice cream!
0:08:10 > 0:08:13Bud's right, it is like a giant flask in here,
0:08:13 > 0:08:16and that keeps the snow nice and cold.
0:08:16 > 0:08:19So seeing as we're surrounded by so much lovely snow,
0:08:19 > 0:08:22- shall we go and have some fun? - Yeah!- Let's go!
0:08:26 > 0:08:28Whoa-oh-ohh!
0:08:28 > 0:08:30Aaah! Ha-ha-ha!
0:08:38 > 0:08:40That was brilliant fun!
0:08:40 > 0:08:42And we know that the snow is lovely and cold
0:08:42 > 0:08:46and it stays that way because the walls and windows in here
0:08:46 > 0:08:48act like a giant flask.
0:08:48 > 0:08:51I think we should get inventing. Let's go!
0:08:53 > 0:08:56Well, flasks are a really clever idea.
0:08:56 > 0:08:58But who actually invented the flask?
0:08:58 > 0:09:01Ooh, ooh! I know that!
0:09:01 > 0:09:05It was actually a scientist called James Dewar.
0:09:06 > 0:09:12He loved nothing better than experimenting with cold liquids.
0:09:12 > 0:09:16But he had one problem - the liquids didn't stay cold for very long.
0:09:16 > 0:09:21He needed to create something that kept his experiments cold.
0:09:21 > 0:09:23So he invented...
0:09:23 > 0:09:26the first ever flask.
0:09:29 > 0:09:32So your question was, how does a flask work?
0:09:32 > 0:09:35So far we've found out that a flask has an outer case,
0:09:35 > 0:09:37and an inner container.
0:09:37 > 0:09:41The space between them is a vacuum, and because of the vacuum
0:09:41 > 0:09:44the heat can't travel into or out of the flask.
0:09:44 > 0:09:47Now, you can't make your own vacuum at home,
0:09:47 > 0:09:50but if we use things that heat travels through more slowly,
0:09:50 > 0:09:53we can make a flask that will keep things warm or cold
0:09:53 > 0:09:56for much longer than it would in an ordinary bottle.
0:09:56 > 0:10:00First thing we're going to do is grab a piece of tin foil,
0:10:00 > 0:10:04and we're going to wrap the tin foil around the juice bottle.
0:10:12 > 0:10:16Because the tin foil is shiny, it will help to keep the heat in.
0:10:16 > 0:10:19Let's just pop it to the side for now.
0:10:19 > 0:10:20Take your small bottle,
0:10:20 > 0:10:23and we're going to cover it with tin foil as well.
0:10:23 > 0:10:25So we have another bit here...
0:10:25 > 0:10:28and same again.
0:10:28 > 0:10:30That's it.
0:10:37 > 0:10:39Because we don't have a vacuum,
0:10:39 > 0:10:42we need something that heat travels through a bit more slowly,
0:10:42 > 0:10:45and we're going to use some bubble wrap.
0:10:45 > 0:10:49So take this piece of bubble wrap, keep it folded in half like that,
0:10:49 > 0:10:50and fold it again.
0:10:54 > 0:10:56We need it to be small enough so it will fit
0:10:56 > 0:11:01in the bottom of our big bottle. Squash it in...
0:11:03 > 0:11:06So the bubble wrap's going to sit in the bottom.
0:11:06 > 0:11:10And the last thing we need to do is to take this piece of bubble wrap,
0:11:10 > 0:11:13lay it out, wrap our small bottle with it.
0:11:21 > 0:11:23Excellent.
0:11:23 > 0:11:27Now pop the small bottle inside the big bottle.
0:11:28 > 0:11:32And there - you have made your very own flask.
0:11:32 > 0:11:34BOTH: Thanks, Nina!
0:11:39 > 0:11:42So your question was, how does a flask work?
0:11:42 > 0:11:43And I think we've answered it.
0:11:43 > 0:11:46First of all, when we looked inside a flask,
0:11:46 > 0:11:50there was a space between the outer case and the inner container.
0:11:50 > 0:11:54This space is called a vacuum, which means there's nothing in there,
0:11:54 > 0:11:55not even air.
0:11:55 > 0:11:58Heat needs something to move in and out of,
0:11:58 > 0:12:00so if there's nothing there, it can't go anywhere!
0:12:00 > 0:12:03So if you put something hot in a vacuum flask,
0:12:03 > 0:12:06it stays hot because the heat can't get out,
0:12:06 > 0:12:08and if you put something cold in a vacuum flask
0:12:08 > 0:12:12it'll stay cold because heat can't get in and warm it up.
0:12:12 > 0:12:16But after a long time, the liquid in a vacuum flask will get
0:12:16 > 0:12:20either hot or cold, because heat can get in or out through the cap.
0:12:20 > 0:12:22And that is how a flask works!
0:12:22 > 0:12:25Thank you very much for your brilliant question today.
0:12:25 > 0:12:28ALL: Thanks, Nina! Bye!
0:12:28 > 0:12:29Bye!
0:12:34 > 0:12:37If you want to make today's invention,
0:12:37 > 0:12:39go to the Nina section on the CBeebies website.
0:12:39 > 0:12:42That'll give you all the instructions you need.
0:12:42 > 0:12:45Or you may have other ideas of what you want to invent!
0:12:46 > 0:12:49- Bikes!- Planes!- Binoculars!
0:12:49 > 0:12:52- Televisions!- Speakers!- And cars!
0:12:52 > 0:12:55# We all love inventing
0:12:55 > 0:12:58# Whoah-oh-ohh, go inventing!
0:12:58 > 0:13:01# We all love inventing
0:13:01 > 0:13:04# Why don't you try it too?
0:13:04 > 0:13:07# Inventions make life easier
0:13:07 > 0:13:11- # And help us get things done - Go inventing!
0:13:11 > 0:13:13# I always like to take a look
0:13:13 > 0:13:16- # At how they work and run - Go inventing!
0:13:16 > 0:13:19# We all love inventing
0:13:19 > 0:13:22# Whoah-oh-ohh, go inventing!
0:13:22 > 0:13:24# We all love inventing
0:13:24 > 0:13:28# Why don't you try it too? #
0:13:28 > 0:13:31It's been a marvellous day.
0:13:31 > 0:13:34Feeling hot one minute, and cold the next...
0:13:34 > 0:13:38Ah, it's been such a great day, man!
0:13:38 > 0:13:41Seeing inside the flask was fantastic!
0:13:41 > 0:13:44We couldn't see the vacuum, though,
0:13:44 > 0:13:46because there's nothing in a vacuum to see!
0:13:46 > 0:13:49I've had a fabby day!
0:13:49 > 0:13:52Sledging down the snow slope was the best!
0:13:52 > 0:13:54I've had a brilliant day.
0:13:54 > 0:13:57I liked it when everyone made their own flasks,
0:13:57 > 0:13:59all those crinkling and sticking sounds!
0:13:59 > 0:14:02Our day's been bursting with inventions.
0:14:02 > 0:14:05I hope you've enjoyed it. See you again soon, bye!
0:14:05 > 0:14:07ALL: Bye!