0:00:05 > 0:00:08# If you've got a question and you don't know where to go
0:00:08 > 0:00:12# Ask Nina for some help cos she's got a science show
0:00:12 > 0:00:15# She makes sense of her senses while helping all her fans
0:00:15 > 0:00:17# By doing her experiments with potions and with bangs
0:00:17 > 0:00:19- # Touch your tongue!- Tongue!
0:00:19 > 0:00:20- # Fingers!- Fingers!
0:00:20 > 0:00:23- # Eyes!- Eyes!- Ears!- Ears!- Nose!- Nose!
0:00:23 > 0:00:26# Nina And The Neurons find out what you need to know
0:00:26 > 0:00:29# Nina And The Neurons find out what you need to know
0:00:29 > 0:00:32# Luke, he helps us with our eyes and Felix with our touch
0:00:32 > 0:00:35# Ollie sniffs out smells and scents and Belle, she hears so much
0:00:35 > 0:00:39# Bud is Ollie's brother he helps us with our taste
0:00:39 > 0:00:41# They're Nina's little neurons and they're coming to your place
0:00:41 > 0:00:43- # Touch your tongue!- Tongue!
0:00:43 > 0:00:44- # Fingers!- Fingers!
0:00:44 > 0:00:47- # Eyes!- Eyes!- Ears!- Ears!- Nose!- Nose!
0:00:47 > 0:00:51# Nina And The Neurons find out what you need to know
0:00:51 > 0:00:54- # Nina And The Neurons find out what you need to know.- Oh, yeah! #
0:00:57 > 0:00:58Oh, hello!
0:00:58 > 0:01:03I've filled the watering can because it's time to water the plants.
0:01:03 > 0:01:07It's very important that plants get enough water and sunlight.
0:01:07 > 0:01:09It helps them grow.
0:01:11 > 0:01:12BEEPING
0:01:12 > 0:01:17I hear a beep, I see a flash, I wonder what they're going to ask.
0:01:23 > 0:01:24ALL: Hi, Nina.
0:01:24 > 0:01:25Hi, guys.
0:01:25 > 0:01:29Nina, we've got a question for you. How do taps work?
0:01:29 > 0:01:32That's a great question. How do taps work?
0:01:32 > 0:01:35A tap is a really useful invention.
0:01:35 > 0:01:39You turn it on, you get lovely water, turn it off, the water stops.
0:01:39 > 0:01:42Come to my workshop and check it out.
0:01:42 > 0:01:46- All: See you soon, Nina, bye! - Bye!
0:01:46 > 0:01:51I'm going to need help to answer this one and I know who to ask.
0:01:51 > 0:01:54OK, neurons, time to get to work!
0:02:10 > 0:02:12ALL: Neurons at the ready, Nina!
0:02:13 > 0:02:16Today's question is how do taps work?
0:02:16 > 0:02:20Which neuron would be most useful in helping us find the answer?
0:02:20 > 0:02:23- Me!- Me!- Me!- Me!- Me!- Me!
0:02:23 > 0:02:25Will it be...fabulous Felix?
0:02:25 > 0:02:29I can help so very much if you need the sense of touch.
0:02:29 > 0:02:31Will it be...beautiful Belle?
0:02:31 > 0:02:34I send messages to brain from ear.
0:02:34 > 0:02:36If there's a sound I'll help you hear.
0:02:36 > 0:02:40- Will it be...lovely Luke? - Looking and seeing, day or night,
0:02:40 > 0:02:45- I'll help you with your sense of sight.- Will it be...awesome Ollie?
0:02:45 > 0:02:48If it's pongy, or whiffy, but you can't tell,
0:02:48 > 0:02:52- my messages help your sense of smell. - Or will it be Baby Bud?
0:02:52 > 0:02:57Sour, salty, bitter or sweet. I'm your taste buddy when you eat.
0:02:57 > 0:03:00ELECTRONIC BEEPING
0:03:00 > 0:03:02It's all neurons.
0:03:02 > 0:03:05ALL: Go neurons, go neurons, go neurons!
0:03:05 > 0:03:09ALL: Go neurons, go neurons, go neurons, go neurons!
0:03:09 > 0:03:13All: All neurons hip-hop-happy to help, Nina.
0:03:13 > 0:03:15Today's question is how do taps work?
0:03:15 > 0:03:19When we turn a tap on we can see water flowing out of it,
0:03:19 > 0:03:24and also touch, hear and taste it, so all of the neurons will help us.
0:03:24 > 0:03:29Right, I need to get the workshop ready before the inventors arrive.
0:03:31 > 0:03:35Kieran, Liam and Nicole want to find out all about taps -
0:03:35 > 0:03:40cold taps, hot taps, drip-drip-drop taps. So today, for one day only,
0:03:40 > 0:03:44Kieran, Liam and Nicole become the inventors!
0:03:47 > 0:03:48Hi, guys!
0:03:48 > 0:03:50All: Hi, Nina!
0:03:50 > 0:03:53Come in, come in, welcome to my workshop.
0:03:53 > 0:03:57Your question is how do taps work? Why do you want to know that?
0:03:57 > 0:04:02Cos I like the way you can stop and start the water by turning the tap.
0:04:02 > 0:04:05Let's start by turning some taps.
0:04:05 > 0:04:08Kieran, turn one of those taps on, please?
0:04:09 > 0:04:11And turn it off?
0:04:11 > 0:04:12And turn it on?
0:04:12 > 0:04:14And off.
0:04:14 > 0:04:19On, off! On, off! Ho-ho, that's so clever.
0:04:19 > 0:04:23I love the sound of the water splashing about.
0:04:23 > 0:04:27So we know that to start the flow of water you turn the tap one way,
0:04:27 > 0:04:32and to stop the flow we turn it another way. But how does it do it?
0:04:32 > 0:04:36We need to get inside and have a closer look.
0:04:36 > 0:04:39Taking things apart is my job. It can be dangerous,
0:04:39 > 0:04:44- so don't do this yourself.- Right, Nina's been specially trained.
0:04:44 > 0:04:47You could get hurt if you take things apart,
0:04:47 > 0:04:49so leave it to the experts.
0:04:49 > 0:04:54Here is the inside of a tap. Let's have a look at it with my Nina-cam.
0:04:54 > 0:05:00Water comes in this pipe all the way into the tap,
0:05:00 > 0:05:03along here and out the spout!
0:05:03 > 0:05:06I'm just going to turn the handle...
0:05:06 > 0:05:08Can you see what happens?
0:05:08 > 0:05:12- The pipe's been blocked? - Like a plug in a sink?
0:05:12 > 0:05:14That's right, Luke.
0:05:14 > 0:05:16This piece of metal
0:05:16 > 0:05:19moves up and down to open and close the hole.
0:05:19 > 0:05:25There's a piece of rubber at the end that's called a washer.
0:05:25 > 0:05:27The piece of metal was turning.
0:05:27 > 0:05:30That's right, it's called the screw.
0:05:30 > 0:05:32It moves the washer up and down.
0:05:32 > 0:05:35There's something to show you here.
0:05:35 > 0:05:42If I turn the tap on and the hole is opened just a little bit then...
0:05:42 > 0:05:45just a little bit of water comes through.
0:05:45 > 0:05:49But if I turn the tap so the hole is wide open...
0:05:49 > 0:05:52then lots of water comes through really quickly.
0:05:52 > 0:05:54Isn't it clever!
0:05:54 > 0:05:56Simple, but clever!
0:05:56 > 0:06:01Exactly, Felix, and if I turn the tap the other way the washer
0:06:01 > 0:06:05moves down and the tap is off, and the water can't get through.
0:06:06 > 0:06:10And this is because the tap has a screw.
0:06:10 > 0:06:12The screw allows the rubber washer
0:06:12 > 0:06:16to be moved in and out of the hole gradually.
0:06:16 > 0:06:19It isn't just taps that use screws.
0:06:19 > 0:06:23I know something much bigger and exciting that uses them.
0:06:23 > 0:06:27- Shall we go and see an invention in action?- All: Yes!- Let's go!
0:06:32 > 0:06:35Oh! I wonder where we're going today.
0:06:35 > 0:06:37I love seeing the big inventions!
0:06:37 > 0:06:45Hmm! What's big and exciting and uses screws? Hmm!
0:06:45 > 0:06:48We'll find out soon! We're here now!
0:06:49 > 0:06:52This is called an Archimedes' Screw.
0:06:54 > 0:06:59Wow! Look at that! Isn't it amazing?
0:06:59 > 0:07:02It's big and it's loud!
0:07:02 > 0:07:04What does it do?
0:07:04 > 0:07:08It doesn't open and close a tap as we saw in the workshop,
0:07:08 > 0:07:10but this screw has a special job.
0:07:10 > 0:07:14As the water runs down the slope it turns the screw round and round,
0:07:14 > 0:07:18and as the screw turns, it makes electricity!
0:07:18 > 0:07:23The screw in the tap is much smaller but its job is just as important.
0:07:23 > 0:07:28- Screws have lots of different jobs, don't they?- You're right.
0:07:28 > 0:07:30It's not just taps that need screws.
0:07:30 > 0:07:34I think we should go back to the workshop and get inventing.
0:07:34 > 0:07:35Let's go!
0:07:38 > 0:07:43Taps really are handy, aren't they? All it takes is a twist of the wrist
0:07:43 > 0:07:47and out flows the water. But who invented the tap?
0:07:47 > 0:07:50Oh, oh! I know that.
0:07:52 > 0:07:56Thousands of years ago in Greece people were building a palace.
0:07:56 > 0:08:00They were so fed up because there was a constant flow of water
0:08:00 > 0:08:04and they were forever getting their feet wet.
0:08:04 > 0:08:07So they created the first tap.
0:08:16 > 0:08:18Your question was how do taps work?
0:08:18 > 0:08:23so far we've found out that a tap is connected to a water pipe
0:08:23 > 0:08:25and has a screw inside it,
0:08:25 > 0:08:29and when you turn the tap, the screw moves a rubber washer
0:08:29 > 0:08:33in and out of a hole which starts and stops the flow of water.
0:08:33 > 0:08:35We found out lots today about taps
0:08:35 > 0:08:39so we should use it to make our very own tap.
0:08:39 > 0:08:41First, take one of your paper cups,
0:08:41 > 0:08:45then we're going to make a hole in the bottom of the cup.
0:08:45 > 0:08:50About the size of a 10-pence piece, something like that.
0:08:50 > 0:08:54Next we're going to cut this out. Take your scissors.
0:08:54 > 0:08:58Be very careful using scissors, they can be very sharp.
0:09:00 > 0:09:06If it's too fiddly for your fingers, you can ask a grown-up to help.
0:09:06 > 0:09:09Now take your other cup and pop it inside.
0:09:09 > 0:09:13Now we're going to draw round the hole we've just cut out.
0:09:13 > 0:09:18Like that, yeah, very good, perfect.
0:09:18 > 0:09:19And cut this hole out.
0:09:21 > 0:09:25We can fit these cups together now. Look what we've made!
0:09:25 > 0:09:30This is like the hole in the tap. The tap hole is open a little bit,
0:09:30 > 0:09:33then it's opened a lot, then a little bit again...
0:09:33 > 0:09:35and the tap's off!
0:09:35 > 0:09:39To make the tap handle take one of the pieces of paper
0:09:39 > 0:09:41and make a really small fold,
0:09:41 > 0:09:46keep folding it, keeping it nice and tight, nice and small,
0:09:46 > 0:09:52and then just pop a piece of tape on there to keep that in place.
0:09:52 > 0:09:55Next, we'll fix the two parts of our tap handles together,
0:09:55 > 0:09:59like that, and put plenty of sticky tape on.
0:10:01 > 0:10:06Now we need to attach the tap handles to the inside of the tap.
0:10:06 > 0:10:10So sit it over the top and put plenty of sticky tape on.
0:10:11 > 0:10:13A great way to make a handle for a tap.
0:10:13 > 0:10:16Yes, it looks good. The next thing to do
0:10:16 > 0:10:18is make the nozzle for our tap.
0:10:18 > 0:10:22I like the word nozzle, it's very funny.
0:10:22 > 0:10:25I'm glad you approve, Felix.
0:10:25 > 0:10:28Gently roll it, not as tight as for the handles,
0:10:28 > 0:10:32make a much wider hole, let's pop some tape on.
0:10:34 > 0:10:39And now we're to make quite a few snips round here so we can attach it
0:10:39 > 0:10:41far easier to our tap.
0:10:41 > 0:10:42Open the tabs right up
0:10:42 > 0:10:46so it's easier to stick on then you can start taping.
0:10:50 > 0:10:53Next we're ready to fit the two pieces together.
0:10:53 > 0:10:56This is the outside, handle goes inside.
0:10:56 > 0:11:02Let's fill our cups with some lentils. You first, Kieran.
0:11:04 > 0:11:09I like the pattering sound of the lentils going into the cup.
0:11:10 > 0:11:15OK, guys, let's turn our taps on and off!
0:11:19 > 0:11:24Would you look at that! They've made their very own tap.
0:11:24 > 0:11:25Amazing!
0:11:25 > 0:11:28When you turn the handle the hole is opening,
0:11:28 > 0:11:31letting all the lentils flow out.
0:11:31 > 0:11:35If you close the hole a little bit only a few lentils come out,
0:11:35 > 0:11:40then completely turn it off as you close the hole. None comes out!
0:11:40 > 0:11:44Just like a real tap controls the flow of water,
0:11:44 > 0:11:47our tap controls the flow of lentils.
0:11:52 > 0:11:56Your question was how do taps work? I think we've answered it!
0:11:56 > 0:12:01We found when you turn the top of the tap it turns a screw inside.
0:12:01 > 0:12:05When you turn it, the rubber washer moves in and out of the hole,
0:12:05 > 0:12:07stopping and starting the water.
0:12:07 > 0:12:11The screw helps us control how much comes out of the tap
0:12:11 > 0:12:15from a huge gush to tiny trickle.
0:12:15 > 0:12:19So next time you wash your hands you'll know all about top taps!
0:12:19 > 0:12:24- Thank you for coming to see me. - ALL: Thanks, Nina, bye.- Bye.
0:12:27 > 0:12:31If you want to make today's invention, go to the Nina section
0:12:31 > 0:12:35on the CBeebies website which gives you instructions,
0:12:35 > 0:12:40or you might have other ideas for inventions.
0:12:40 > 0:12:42- Bikes...- Trains...- Binoculars!
0:12:42 > 0:12:46- Televisions...- Speakers... - And cars...
0:12:46 > 0:12:48# We all love inventing
0:12:48 > 0:12:52# Whoa-a-o-a-o Go inventing!
0:12:52 > 0:12:57# We all love inventing, why don't you try it too?
0:12:57 > 0:13:02# Inventions make life easier and help us get things done
0:13:02 > 0:13:04# Go inventing!
0:13:04 > 0:13:08# I always like to take a look at how they work and run
0:13:08 > 0:13:10# Go inventing!
0:13:10 > 0:13:12# We all love inventing
0:13:12 > 0:13:16# Whoa-a-o-a-o Go inventing!
0:13:16 > 0:13:22# We all love inventing, why don't you try it too? #
0:13:22 > 0:13:28Ah, it's been such a great day, man. The tap is such a great invention.
0:13:28 > 0:13:33Turn it on, the water comes out. Turn it off, the water stops.
0:13:33 > 0:13:35It's been a marvellous day.
0:13:35 > 0:13:39Seeing the inside of the tap was very interesting.
0:13:39 > 0:13:45I've had a fabby day! Especially when they all went out and had fun.
0:13:45 > 0:13:47I've had a brilliant day.
0:13:47 > 0:13:52I liked it when Nina and the inventors made their very own tap,
0:13:52 > 0:13:54the lentils made such a great sound.
0:13:54 > 0:13:58Our day's been bursting with inventions.
0:13:58 > 0:14:01I hope you've enjoyed it and see you soon. Bye!
0:14:01 > 0:14:03ALL: Bye!