0:00:05 > 0:00:08# If you've got a question And you don't know where to go
0:00:08 > 0:00:11# Ask Nina for some help Cos she's got a science show
0:00:11 > 0:00:15# She makes sense of her senses While helping all her fans
0:00:15 > 0:00:17# By doing her experiments With potions and with bangs
0:00:17 > 0:00:19- # Touch your tongue- Tongue!
0:00:19 > 0:00:20- # Fingers- Fingers!
0:00:20 > 0:00:23- # Eyes- Eyes! - Ears- Ears!- Nose- Nose!
0:00:23 > 0:00:26# Nina and the Neurons Find out what you need to know
0:00:26 > 0:00:29# Nina and the Neurons Find out what you need to know
0:00:29 > 0:00:32# Luke, he helps us with our eyes And Felix with our touch
0:00:32 > 0:00:35# Ollie sniffs out smells and scents And Belle, she hears so much
0:00:35 > 0:00:38# Bud is Ollie's brother He helps us with our taste
0:00:38 > 0:00:41# They're Nina's little neurons And they're coming to your place!
0:00:41 > 0:00:43- # Touch your tongue- Tongue!
0:00:43 > 0:00:44- # Fingers- Fingers!
0:00:44 > 0:00:47- # Eyes- Eyes! - Ears- Ears!- Nose- Nose!
0:00:47 > 0:00:50# Nina and the Neurons Find out what you need to know
0:00:50 > 0:00:53# Nina and the Neurons Find out what you need to know
0:00:53 > 0:00:54# Oh yeah! #
0:00:56 > 0:00:57Oh, hello!
0:00:57 > 0:01:00I'm testing invisible ink I bought today.
0:01:00 > 0:01:04Oh, but it's not very invisible, I can still see it!
0:01:04 > 0:01:07Hey, look! Something's happening.
0:01:08 > 0:01:09Oh, hold on...
0:01:09 > 0:01:11it's gone!
0:01:11 > 0:01:13Ha-ha! It must work after all.
0:01:13 > 0:01:15ALARM BEEPS
0:01:15 > 0:01:19I hear a beep, I see a flash. I wonder what they're going to ask?
0:01:22 > 0:01:24ALL: Hi, Nina!
0:01:24 > 0:01:25Hi, guys!
0:01:25 > 0:01:30- We've got a question for you. - Why does grass stain our shorts?
0:01:30 > 0:01:34That's a great question - why does the grass stain our shorts?
0:01:34 > 0:01:38Why not come to the lab? We'll do experiments to investigate.
0:01:38 > 0:01:40ALL: See you soon, Nina!
0:01:40 > 0:01:41Bye!
0:01:41 > 0:01:46I'll need help to answer this and I know just who to ask.
0:01:46 > 0:01:49OK, Neurons, time to get to work.
0:02:05 > 0:02:07ALL: Neurons at the ready, Nina.
0:02:07 > 0:02:11OK. Today's question is, why does the grass stain our shorts?
0:02:11 > 0:02:15Which Neuron will be most useful to help find the answer?
0:02:15 > 0:02:17ALL: Me! Me! Me!
0:02:17 > 0:02:19Will it be fabulous Felix?
0:02:19 > 0:02:23I can help so very much if you need the sense of touch.
0:02:23 > 0:02:25Will it be beautiful Belle?
0:02:25 > 0:02:30I send messages to brain from ear. If there's a sound, I'll help you hear.
0:02:30 > 0:02:32Will it be lovely Luke?
0:02:32 > 0:02:34For looking and seeing, day or night,
0:02:34 > 0:02:37I'll help you with your sense of sight.
0:02:37 > 0:02:39Will it be awesome Ollie?
0:02:39 > 0:02:41If it's pongy or whiffy but you can't tell,
0:02:41 > 0:02:45- my messages help your sense of smell. - Or will it be baby Bud?
0:02:45 > 0:02:50Sour, salty, bitter or sweet, I'm your taste buddy whenever you eat!
0:02:54 > 0:02:55It's Luke!
0:02:55 > 0:02:58NEURONS: Go, Luke! Go, Luke! Go, Luke!
0:02:58 > 0:03:01Go, Luke! Go, Luke! Go, Luke!
0:03:01 > 0:03:03Go, Luke! Go, Luke!
0:03:03 > 0:03:05Cool, Nina.
0:03:05 > 0:03:07I'll be looking out to help ya!
0:03:07 > 0:03:11Today's question is why does grass stain our shorts?
0:03:11 > 0:03:16Because stains are something we see, Luke, our seeing neuron will help.
0:03:16 > 0:03:20I need to get the lab ready before the experimenters arrive!
0:03:22 > 0:03:27Sam likes science, Scarlet loves drama and Leah loves musicals,
0:03:27 > 0:03:30but they want to know why the grass stains their shorts?
0:03:30 > 0:03:35So, for one day only, Sam, Scarlet and Leah become the experimenters!
0:03:37 > 0:03:38ALL: Hi, Nina!
0:03:38 > 0:03:40Welcome to my science lab!
0:03:40 > 0:03:42Lovely to see you all!
0:03:42 > 0:03:47Now, you asked, "Why does the grass stain our shorts?"
0:03:47 > 0:03:48Why do you want to know?
0:03:48 > 0:03:52When I'm outside playing, the grass stains my shorts,
0:03:52 > 0:03:55and my mum gets cross because it's hard to get the stains out.
0:03:55 > 0:03:56Oh-ho-ho-ho!
0:03:56 > 0:03:58Oh, that is a bad grass stain!
0:03:58 > 0:04:03I think we need to investigate to find out more.
0:04:03 > 0:04:06For our first experiment, we're going to use our senses
0:04:06 > 0:04:08and your shorts, Sam!
0:04:08 > 0:04:12ALL: Woo-woo! A senses experiment! We're ready, Nina!
0:04:12 > 0:04:16First of all, does the stain smell of anything?
0:04:18 > 0:04:20ALL: No.
0:04:20 > 0:04:24So the stain doesn't smell. What about if we touch it?
0:04:24 > 0:04:26Feel the stain.
0:04:26 > 0:04:28- ALL: No. - No?
0:04:28 > 0:04:32They're right. You can't feel the stain at all.
0:04:32 > 0:04:36If we can't smell it and feel it, how do we know the stain is there?
0:04:36 > 0:04:38Cos you can see it.
0:04:38 > 0:04:42That's right! Because you can see it. What colour is the stain?
0:04:42 > 0:04:47- Green!- Yeah! It's green, just like the grass that made it.
0:04:47 > 0:04:52Now it's time for the tricky bit - trying to get the stain out.
0:04:52 > 0:04:53Over to the sink!
0:04:53 > 0:04:57OK, experimenters, pick up your scrubbing brushes
0:04:57 > 0:04:59Let's get washing!
0:05:03 > 0:05:06Good!
0:05:13 > 0:05:15OK, scrubbing brushes down.
0:05:15 > 0:05:18Oh, that was hard work!
0:05:18 > 0:05:20And after all that - oh.
0:05:20 > 0:05:24- SHE LAUGHS - The stain's still there!
0:05:24 > 0:05:28You need a really, really good washing-up powder to get that out!
0:05:28 > 0:05:33So, we found out that the grass stain is green, just like the grass,
0:05:33 > 0:05:36and, like all stains, doesn't come out easily.
0:05:36 > 0:05:39We still don't know why the grass stained your shorts.
0:05:39 > 0:05:42It's time for another experiment.
0:05:43 > 0:05:47For this experiment, I'm going to mix things up.
0:05:47 > 0:05:53I'll just put a little bit more wet grass into the blending machine.
0:05:53 > 0:05:56Here we go...
0:05:58 > 0:06:02Ugh! Nina's making a milk shake using grass!
0:06:02 > 0:06:06She's making a grass shake! Urgh!
0:06:06 > 0:06:08Is something wrong, Bud?
0:06:08 > 0:06:11- You're looking a bit green? - HE LAUGHS
0:06:11 > 0:06:13And watch this.
0:06:15 > 0:06:18Ho ho!
0:06:22 > 0:06:27- SHE LAUGHS - So, all this green liquid has come out of the grass
0:06:27 > 0:06:32in the blending machine. Now, let's have a look at these two beakers.
0:06:32 > 0:06:33What colour are they?
0:06:33 > 0:06:34Orange and pink.
0:06:34 > 0:06:39That's right! Do you think they came from grass?
0:06:39 > 0:06:41ALL: No!
0:06:41 > 0:06:42NINA LAUGHS
0:06:42 > 0:06:47These juices actually come from some of these fruit and vegetables.
0:06:47 > 0:06:52Let's play a game. Looking at the colour of liquid in this beaker,
0:06:52 > 0:06:55can you guess which one of these it comes from?
0:06:55 > 0:06:58- Carrots!- The carrot, that's right!
0:06:58 > 0:07:02The carrot is orange so it makes a lovely orange juice.
0:07:02 > 0:07:05What about the dark pink juice?
0:07:05 > 0:07:08- Beetroot.- That's absolutely right.
0:07:08 > 0:07:11It's the beetroot down here.
0:07:11 > 0:07:16All these coloured juices, from the grass, beetroot and carrot,
0:07:16 > 0:07:18are called pigments.
0:07:18 > 0:07:19Pig what?!
0:07:19 > 0:07:21Pigments, Bud. In science,
0:07:21 > 0:07:25the coloured juice from plants is called a pigment.
0:07:25 > 0:07:28The colours that plants make in their flowers
0:07:28 > 0:07:31and leaves are called pigments.
0:07:31 > 0:07:35Pigments. I like the sound of that!
0:07:35 > 0:07:38From our experiment, we found out that grass
0:07:38 > 0:07:43and other plants like this contain colours called pigments!
0:07:43 > 0:07:47I know somewhere exciting where we can see pigments making good stains!
0:07:47 > 0:07:49Let's go, experimenters!
0:07:55 > 0:08:00Oh, goody! I love this bit. I wonder where Nina is taking us!
0:08:00 > 0:08:04Nina said it was somewhere where you can see stains being made.
0:08:04 > 0:08:09I know, I know! Maybe it's a cafe! And we're going to see
0:08:09 > 0:08:13a big, messy stain from some yummy baked beans!
0:08:13 > 0:08:16We can stop guessing, we're here!
0:08:18 > 0:08:19Hi, Helen!
0:08:19 > 0:08:21Hi, Nina! Hi, everyone!
0:08:21 > 0:08:22We've come to visit Helen
0:08:22 > 0:08:26because she makes every colour of wool you can think of!
0:08:26 > 0:08:30She makes all these colours using pigments from plants.
0:08:30 > 0:08:33- Shall we see how it's done? - ALL: Yeah!
0:08:33 > 0:08:36We're going to help Helen pick flowers.
0:08:39 > 0:08:43Helen is happy for us to pick these flowers,
0:08:43 > 0:08:48but it's not good to pick flowers without permission.
0:08:49 > 0:08:53Good choice, Nina! That's a very bright colour!
0:08:53 > 0:08:55OK, so we've got our flowers,
0:08:55 > 0:08:57let's see what happens now!
0:08:57 > 0:09:02Now we're going to put some of these flowers in here,
0:09:02 > 0:09:04and push them down.
0:09:04 > 0:09:08And then we're going to take some of this wool...
0:09:08 > 0:09:12Why's she putting everything into a big pot, Nina?
0:09:12 > 0:09:17Well, Bud, Helen's putting the flowers and wool into the pot
0:09:17 > 0:09:21along with a special chemical, which helps the pigments
0:09:21 > 0:09:24mix with the wool and stain it forever.
0:09:24 > 0:09:27When this is done, it's hung up to dry.
0:09:28 > 0:09:32Do you see how the pigment has mixed with the wool
0:09:32 > 0:09:35- and made it change colour? - Yes, it's really pretty.
0:09:35 > 0:09:38Once this is dry, it'll be spun together
0:09:38 > 0:09:41to make different-coloured balls of wool.
0:09:41 > 0:09:45Then the wool can be used to make big woolly jumpers.
0:09:45 > 0:09:49So, red wool doesn't come from a red sheep,
0:09:49 > 0:09:51it comes from a pigment!
0:09:51 > 0:09:55Yes, Bud! Plant pigments can be all different colours,
0:09:55 > 0:09:58they can stain cloth, and when they're used
0:09:58 > 0:10:01to deliberately stain materials, they're called dyes.
0:10:01 > 0:10:03We know how pigments stain wool,
0:10:03 > 0:10:07but we still don't know how the grass stained your shorts!
0:10:07 > 0:10:10I think we need to do one final experiment!
0:10:12 > 0:10:16So, your question was, why does the grass stain our shorts?
0:10:16 > 0:10:20We've found out that plants make pigments of different colours
0:10:20 > 0:10:23that stain our clothes. But we don't know
0:10:23 > 0:10:26how the stain got into Sam's shorts.
0:10:26 > 0:10:28How did you get the stain?
0:10:28 > 0:10:33- I was sliding around, playing football on the grass.- Ah, I see.
0:10:33 > 0:10:36Well, we've been kneeling on this grass for a while,
0:10:36 > 0:10:40let's stand up and see if we've got any grass stains.
0:10:40 > 0:10:43Hmm, let me see.
0:10:43 > 0:10:46No, there are no grass stains at all.
0:10:46 > 0:10:50- There's nothing there, is there? - No, it's clean.
0:10:50 > 0:10:53So, just sitting on the grass doesn't make a stain.
0:10:53 > 0:10:56What about if we slide and roll on the grass?
0:10:56 > 0:10:59- Shall we give it a go? - ALL: Yeah!
0:11:08 > 0:11:09SHE LAUGHS
0:11:09 > 0:11:12Woo-hoo!
0:11:16 > 0:11:21I'm a bit dizzy after all that rolling! Now for the important part.
0:11:21 > 0:11:24Let's see if we've got grass stains!
0:11:24 > 0:11:26- I've got one here! - And me!- Me too!
0:11:26 > 0:11:30We're covered in grass stains! And that's because,
0:11:30 > 0:11:33to let the green pigment out of the grass,
0:11:33 > 0:11:37you need to break the little blades of grass!
0:11:37 > 0:11:40That only happens when you slide against them!
0:11:41 > 0:11:45Your question was, why does the grass stain our shorts?
0:11:45 > 0:11:47I think we've answered it.
0:11:47 > 0:11:52We found out that grass contains a green pigment that stains cloth
0:11:52 > 0:11:56and that plants make different-coloured pigments,
0:11:56 > 0:11:59and these can dye wool. Then we discovered that,
0:11:59 > 0:12:03if you sit carefully on the grass, that doesn't make a stain,
0:12:03 > 0:12:05but rubbing on grass does.
0:12:05 > 0:12:07So, the grass stained your shorts
0:12:07 > 0:12:12because you rubbed hard against it, letting the pigment out. I hope
0:12:12 > 0:12:17- that's answered your question! - ALL: Yes, thanks, Nina!
0:12:21 > 0:12:24Today's experiments were loads of fun!
0:12:24 > 0:12:28But I've got some washing to do!
0:12:30 > 0:12:34If you want to know more about the science around us,
0:12:34 > 0:12:38go to the Nina section on the CBeebies website. Have fun!
0:12:40 > 0:12:43Lab coat on, Nina?
0:12:43 > 0:12:44Lab coat on, Ollie!
0:12:44 > 0:12:46Safety gloves on, Nina?
0:12:46 > 0:12:48Safety gloves on, Felix!
0:12:48 > 0:12:51Don't forget your goggles, Nina!
0:12:51 > 0:12:54Goggles are on, Luke! I think we're ready!
0:12:55 > 0:12:58# We do experiments in the lab
0:12:58 > 0:13:01# Shooby-dooby, in the lab
0:13:01 > 0:13:04# Bubbling experiments in the lab
0:13:04 > 0:13:05# In the lab!
0:13:05 > 0:13:07# Go, Nina, in the lab
0:13:07 > 0:13:10# Fizzing and popping Steam and smoke
0:13:10 > 0:13:13# We need protection Don't we, folks?
0:13:13 > 0:13:17# We always put our safety first
0:13:17 > 0:13:19# Shooby-dooby, dooby-dooby
0:13:19 > 0:13:22# We do experiments in the lab
0:13:22 > 0:13:23# In the lab!
0:13:23 > 0:13:24# Go, Nina! #
0:13:24 > 0:13:26Oh, I've had a brilliant day.
0:13:26 > 0:13:31Especially when Nina was mixing up all the grass in the blender!
0:13:31 > 0:13:34I really enjoyed myself today.
0:13:34 > 0:13:37The smell of those flowers in the garden was lovely.
0:13:37 > 0:13:41Ah, it's been such a great day, man!
0:13:41 > 0:13:45Who'd have though that wool could be dyed so many different colours?!
0:13:45 > 0:13:47I've had a fabby day!
0:13:47 > 0:13:51I loved when everyone was rolling down the hill!
0:13:51 > 0:13:54Getting grass stains is loads of fun!
0:13:54 > 0:13:57Our day's been bursting with sensational experiments.
0:13:57 > 0:13:59I hope you've enjoyed it. Bye!
0:13:59 > 0:14:01ALL: Bye!
0:14:01 > 0:14:03Subtitles by Red Bee Media Ltd
0:14:03 > 0:14:04E-mail subtitling@bbc.co.uk