0:00:05 > 0:00:08# If you've got a question and you don't know where to go
0:00:08 > 0:00:11# Ask Nina for some help cos she's got a science show
0:00:11 > 0:00:15# She makes sense of her senses While helping all her fans
0:00:15 > 0:00:17# By doing her experiments with potions and with bangs
0:00:17 > 0:00:19- # Touch your tongue - Tongue!
0:00:19 > 0:00:20- # Fingers - Fingers!
0:00:20 > 0:00:23- # Eyes.- Eyes! - Ears.- Ears!- Nose.- Nose!
0:00:23 > 0:00:26# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know
0:00:26 > 0:00:29# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know
0:00:29 > 0:00:33# Luke, he helps us with our eyes And Felix with our touch
0:00:33 > 0:00:35# Ollie sniffs out smells And Belle, she hears so much
0:00:35 > 0:00:39# Bud is Ollie's brother He helps us with our taste
0:00:39 > 0:00:41# They're Nina's little neurons And they're coming to your place!
0:00:41 > 0:00:43- # Touch your tongue - Tongue!
0:00:43 > 0:00:44- # Fingers - Fingers!
0:00:44 > 0:00:48- # Eyes.- Eyes! - Ears.- Ears!- Nose.- Nose!
0:00:48 > 0:00:51# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know
0:00:51 > 0:00:53# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know
0:00:53 > 0:00:54# Oh, yeah! #
0:00:56 > 0:01:00Hello! I'm examining my rock collection.
0:01:00 > 0:01:02I'm rather proud of it.
0:01:02 > 0:01:05It's amazing what can be found underground.
0:01:05 > 0:01:08Oooh.
0:01:08 > 0:01:10BEEPING
0:01:10 > 0:01:15I hear a beep, I see a flash, I wonder what they're going to ask.
0:01:15 > 0:01:18- BOTH: Hi, Nina! - Hello!
0:01:18 > 0:01:21- We have a question. - Why are we told to drink milk?
0:01:21 > 0:01:25That's a great question. Why are we told to drink milk?
0:01:25 > 0:01:30Come to the lab and we'll do some experiments to investigate.
0:01:30 > 0:01:33- BOTH: See you soon, Nina! Bye! - Bye!
0:01:33 > 0:01:36I'm going to need some help to answer this one
0:01:36 > 0:01:41and I know just who to ask. OK, neurons, time to get to work.
0:01:57 > 0:01:59ALL: Neurons at the ready, Nina!
0:01:59 > 0:02:03Today's question is, why are we told to drink milk?
0:02:03 > 0:02:07Which neuron will be most useful in helping us find the answer?
0:02:07 > 0:02:09ALL: Me! Me!
0:02:09 > 0:02:12Will it be fabulous Felix?
0:02:12 > 0:02:16I can help so very much, if you need the sense of touch.
0:02:16 > 0:02:20- Will it be beautiful Belle?- I send messages to brain from ear.
0:02:20 > 0:02:22If there's a sound, I'll help you hear.
0:02:22 > 0:02:26- Will it be lovely Luke?- For looking and seeing, day or night,
0:02:26 > 0:02:29I'll help you with your sense of sight.
0:02:29 > 0:02:34- Will it be awesome Ollie?- If it's pongy or whiffy but you can't tell,
0:02:34 > 0:02:38- my messages help your sense of smell.- Or will it be baby Bud?
0:02:38 > 0:02:42Sour, salty, bitter or sweet. I'm your taste buddy whenever you eat.
0:02:45 > 0:02:47- It's Bud!- Yippee!
0:02:47 > 0:02:50CHEERING ALL: Go, Bud!
0:02:50 > 0:02:52ALL: Go, Bud! Go, Bud! Go, Bud!
0:02:52 > 0:02:55Go, Bud! Go, Bud! Go, Bud!
0:02:55 > 0:02:57Go, Bud!
0:02:57 > 0:03:00Give me a taste of the action, Nina!
0:03:00 > 0:03:03Why are we told to drink milk?
0:03:03 > 0:03:07I've chosen Bud to help - milk is something we drink and taste.
0:03:07 > 0:03:12I need to get the lab ready before the experimenters arrive.
0:03:12 > 0:03:17Lily loves kittens. Her friend Casey loves spaghetti Bolognese.
0:03:17 > 0:03:21They both want to find out why we're told to drink milk.
0:03:21 > 0:03:26Today, for one day only, Lily and Casey become the experimenters.
0:03:27 > 0:03:32- BOTH: Hi, Nina! - Welcome to my science lab! Come in!
0:03:32 > 0:03:36Now, you asked, why are we told to drink milk?
0:03:36 > 0:03:38Why do you want to know?
0:03:38 > 0:03:42- My mummy tells me to drink milk. - I like orange juice better.
0:03:42 > 0:03:45I like milk and orange juice.
0:03:45 > 0:03:49And apple juice, grape juice and pineapple juice!
0:03:49 > 0:03:51There are lots of lovely drinks.
0:03:51 > 0:03:55I wonder why your parents want you to drink milk.
0:03:55 > 0:03:58I think we need to investigate to find out more.
0:03:58 > 0:04:01For our experiment, we'll use our senses.
0:04:01 > 0:04:06ALL: Whoop-woo! A senses experiment! We're ready, Nina!
0:04:06 > 0:04:09OK. Who can tell me what colour milk is?
0:04:09 > 0:04:12- White.- White.- White, yeah!
0:04:12 > 0:04:17Milk is white. Does milk smell of anything? Have a smell.
0:04:17 > 0:04:20- BOTH: It smells like milk.- Yeah!
0:04:20 > 0:04:23- OLLIE SNIFFS - It smells delicious.
0:04:23 > 0:04:26But it's really hard to describe.
0:04:26 > 0:04:30- Now, what about the taste? - It tastes like milk.
0:04:30 > 0:04:34It's a creamy taste. Of course, orange juice comes from oranges
0:04:34 > 0:04:38that grow on trees. But where does milk come from?
0:04:38 > 0:04:41- BOTH: Cows. - Right. Milk often comes from cows.
0:04:41 > 0:04:44But we can drink milk from other animals,
0:04:44 > 0:04:47like sheep's milk and goat's milk, and these
0:04:47 > 0:04:49have something in common.
0:04:49 > 0:04:53They have something special in them we can't see. Calcium.
0:04:53 > 0:04:56- Have you ever heard of calcium? - BOTH: No.
0:04:56 > 0:05:02I think calcium is the reason you're told to drink milk. Come this way.
0:05:02 > 0:05:06We're all wearing our safety goggles for this experiment.
0:05:06 > 0:05:08I've also got my safety gloves on.
0:05:08 > 0:05:14This is calcium. This calcium comes from the ground.
0:05:14 > 0:05:17Doesn't look much like milk, does it?
0:05:17 > 0:05:19- BOTH: No. - What does it look like?
0:05:19 > 0:05:22- BOTH: It looks silvery. - Yeah.
0:05:22 > 0:05:25Like little silvery hard lumps.
0:05:25 > 0:05:28This is what calcium looks like on its own.
0:05:28 > 0:05:32We don't normally see it like this. It's normally in other things.
0:05:32 > 0:05:35- Like milk!- Like milk.
0:05:35 > 0:05:37Then it looks very different.
0:05:37 > 0:05:41Would you like to see me make some calcium disappear?
0:05:41 > 0:05:43BOTH: Yes, Nina!
0:05:43 > 0:05:45Nina is going to do a magic trick!
0:05:50 > 0:05:56- What can you see happening?- It's fizzing.- Bubbles are getting bigger
0:05:56 > 0:05:59and popping and making the steam come out.
0:05:59 > 0:06:03So the water made the hard piece of calcium fizz up.
0:06:03 > 0:06:06And the water and calcium have joined together
0:06:06 > 0:06:09and made this cloudy white liquid.
0:06:09 > 0:06:11So what colour is water normally?
0:06:11 > 0:06:15- No colour.- That's right, water doesn't have a colour,
0:06:15 > 0:06:19so this white colour must come from the calcium.
0:06:19 > 0:06:23But I said I'd make the calcium disappear, didn't I?
0:06:23 > 0:06:24- Yeah.- OK.
0:06:24 > 0:06:29I'm just going to add a little bit of vinegar.
0:06:31 > 0:06:35And then give it a little stir. Ta-da!
0:06:35 > 0:06:41- It's like magic!- It's science! But it's still pretty cool, isn't it?
0:06:41 > 0:06:45- BOTH: Yeah. - So calcium is hard and silvery grey,
0:06:45 > 0:06:49but when it's mixed with things like water, it changes
0:06:49 > 0:06:51and can even turn invisible.
0:06:51 > 0:06:54We know there's calcium in milk,
0:06:54 > 0:06:57even though we can't see it. How does it get there?
0:06:57 > 0:07:02I know somewhere a bit dark and spooky that might help us find out.
0:07:02 > 0:07:04Let's go, experimenters!
0:07:09 > 0:07:13Here we go! I can't wait to see where we'll end up today.
0:07:13 > 0:07:15Nina said it would be dark.
0:07:15 > 0:07:20And spooky! And there would be goblins and witches and...
0:07:20 > 0:07:25Don't be silly, Bud. Nina wouldn't take us anywhere scary.
0:07:25 > 0:07:29I've brought you to these caves to see some amazing science.
0:07:29 > 0:07:33We're going to go down under the ground to see it!
0:07:33 > 0:07:36- You're not afraid, are you? - BOTH: No!
0:07:36 > 0:07:40Excellent. I knew you looked brave. Come on, let's go in!
0:07:48 > 0:07:49Hee-hee!
0:07:51 > 0:07:54Brr! It feels rather cool down here!
0:07:54 > 0:07:57That's because the sun doesn't shine underground.
0:07:57 > 0:08:02- WATER DRIPPING - Did you hear something?- It's water.
0:08:02 > 0:08:06Yes! And if we follow the sound of the dripping water
0:08:06 > 0:08:10then we should find what we're looking for. This way!
0:08:14 > 0:08:17- BOTH: Wow! Cool! - Oh, wow!
0:08:17 > 0:08:22Oh, what is it? Is it scary? Can I look?
0:08:22 > 0:08:24Oh, Bud, they're not scary at all.
0:08:24 > 0:08:28They're called stalactites and stalagmites,
0:08:28 > 0:08:32and they're found in underground caves like these.
0:08:32 > 0:08:35They have calcium in them. I told you
0:08:35 > 0:08:40calcium is found in the ground. The ground is usually below us,
0:08:40 > 0:08:45but as we've come down into these caves, the ground is now above us.
0:08:45 > 0:08:46And below us!
0:08:46 > 0:08:49So stalactites and stalagmites are made
0:08:49 > 0:08:53when special water from the ground above us
0:08:53 > 0:08:57drips into these caves. The water has calcium in it
0:08:57 > 0:09:00because it has travelled through the ground,
0:09:00 > 0:09:04picking up calcium on the way. Over many years,
0:09:04 > 0:09:11the special water dries up, leaving these amazing hard pointy things.
0:09:11 > 0:09:16- Do they remind you of something? - Teeth that haven't been brushed.
0:09:16 > 0:09:19Yeah! They do look a bit like dirty, giant teeth.
0:09:19 > 0:09:23Giant teeth! Oh, no!
0:09:23 > 0:09:26They just look like giant teeth, little Bud.
0:09:26 > 0:09:31- Don't you want to see them? - Whoa! They're amazing!
0:09:31 > 0:09:34Our teeth are a bit like stalagmites and stalactites -
0:09:34 > 0:09:36they have calcium in them.
0:09:36 > 0:09:41Our bodies use calcium to make our teeth and our bones strong and hard.
0:09:41 > 0:09:44Is that why we're told to drink milk?
0:09:44 > 0:09:49- Exactly.- How does the calcium get into the milk?- Ah.
0:09:49 > 0:09:52I know an experiment that will help us answer that.
0:09:52 > 0:09:56So let's go back to the lab for our final experiment.
0:09:57 > 0:10:02Here we have two beakers. In this beaker is tap water,
0:10:02 > 0:10:05and in this beaker is special water
0:10:05 > 0:10:09that you might find in the ground. Can you tell them apart?
0:10:09 > 0:10:12- BOTH: No. - I think you might be able to
0:10:12 > 0:10:16after the experiment. Goggles on, please.
0:10:16 > 0:10:20We never drink out of experiment beakers as that could be dangerous.
0:10:20 > 0:10:22So I want you to pick up
0:10:22 > 0:10:27your special blowing tubes and blow into the beaker of water.
0:10:35 > 0:10:36Oh! OK, stop there.
0:10:36 > 0:10:39What has happened to the water?
0:10:39 > 0:10:44- Mine has gone all whiteish.- And mine's just stayed the same.- Right.
0:10:44 > 0:10:47This has gone all whiteish because this water
0:10:47 > 0:10:53from the ground has calcium in it. Blowing air into the calcium water
0:10:53 > 0:10:55made it change and turn white.
0:10:55 > 0:10:58And, Lily, your water, the tap water,
0:10:58 > 0:11:01has stayed the same - it's got no calcium in it.
0:11:01 > 0:11:03How does calcium get into milk?
0:11:03 > 0:11:06All the fruits and vegetables that we eat
0:11:06 > 0:11:09come from trees and plants like this one.
0:11:09 > 0:11:13- Where do these grow? - They come from the ground.
0:11:13 > 0:11:14Plants come from the ground
0:11:14 > 0:11:18and drink water from the ground around them.
0:11:18 > 0:11:22We visited the caves and found water from the ground has calcium in it.
0:11:22 > 0:11:27What do you think happens when plants drink water from the ground?
0:11:27 > 0:11:30- The plants drink up calcium too. - That's right.
0:11:30 > 0:11:35Almost all the fruit and vegetables we eat have calcium in them.
0:11:35 > 0:11:38But what about the milk? It doesn't come from a plant!
0:11:38 > 0:11:41It comes from a cow!
0:11:41 > 0:11:45Good point, Bud. So, what do cows eat?
0:11:45 > 0:11:47- BOTH: Grass. - Yeah!
0:11:47 > 0:11:49Grass grows in the ground
0:11:49 > 0:11:52so the grass also drinks up water with calcium in it.
0:11:52 > 0:11:57Cows get calcium from the grass and make lovely creamy milk with it.
0:11:57 > 0:11:59# Nina and the neurons! #
0:11:59 > 0:12:03Your question was, why are we told to drink milk?
0:12:03 > 0:12:06I think we've answered it. First we found out
0:12:06 > 0:12:11that milk has calcium in it. Calcium is found in the water in the ground.
0:12:11 > 0:12:14Because plants drink this water,
0:12:14 > 0:12:17calcium is found in lots of fruits and vegetables we eat.
0:12:17 > 0:12:21Because cows and other animals eat plants like grass,
0:12:21 > 0:12:24calcium is found in the milk they make.
0:12:24 > 0:12:27We're told to drink milk because it has calcium in it
0:12:27 > 0:12:31which our bodies need to make healthy bones and teeth.
0:12:31 > 0:12:35We also discovered calcium is in lots of other foods too.
0:12:35 > 0:12:39- I hope that answers your question. - BOTH: Thanks, bye!
0:12:39 > 0:12:40Bye!
0:12:44 > 0:12:48If you want to know more about science all around us,
0:12:48 > 0:12:52go to the Nina section on the CBeebies website. Have fun!
0:12:52 > 0:12:54Lab coat on, Nina?
0:12:54 > 0:12:55Lab coat on, Ollie.
0:12:55 > 0:12:57Safety gloves on, Nina?
0:12:57 > 0:12:59Safety gloves on, Felix.
0:12:59 > 0:13:02Don't forget your goggles, Nina.
0:13:02 > 0:13:05Goggles are on, Luke. I think we're ready!
0:13:06 > 0:13:09# We do experiments in the lab
0:13:09 > 0:13:12- # In the lab! - ALL: Shooby-dooby, in the lab
0:13:12 > 0:13:15# Bubbling experiments in the lab
0:13:15 > 0:13:18- # In the lab! - ALL: # Go, Nina, in the lab
0:13:18 > 0:13:21# Fizzing and popping Steam and smoke
0:13:21 > 0:13:24# We need protection Don't we, folks?
0:13:24 > 0:13:28# We always put our safety first
0:13:28 > 0:13:30# Shooby-dooby, dooby-dooby
0:13:30 > 0:13:33# We do experiments in the lab
0:13:33 > 0:13:34# In the lab!
0:13:34 > 0:13:35ALL: # Go, Nina! #
0:13:35 > 0:13:38Ah, it's been such a great day, man.
0:13:38 > 0:13:43Seeing Nina make the calcium change colour was cool!
0:13:43 > 0:13:45I've had a fabby day
0:13:45 > 0:13:48going down into those exciting caves!
0:13:48 > 0:13:52It's been a marvellous day. It felt cold underground.
0:13:52 > 0:13:56The stalagmites were fascinating!
0:13:56 > 0:13:58Oh, I've had a brilliant day
0:13:58 > 0:14:02hearing all about how calcium gets into our food!
0:14:02 > 0:14:06Our day has been bursting with sensational experiments.
0:14:06 > 0:14:10- I hope you enjoyed it. See you soon. Bye!- ALL: Bye!