0:00:05 > 0:00:08# If you've got a question and you don't know where to go
0:00:08 > 0:00:11# Ask Nina for some help Cos she's got a science show
0:00:11 > 0:00:14# She makes sense of her senses While helping all her fans
0:00:14 > 0:00:17# By doing her experiments with potions and with bangs
0:00:17 > 0:00:19- # Touch your tongue - Tongue!
0:00:19 > 0:00:20- # Fingers - Fingers!
0:00:20 > 0:00:23- # Eyes.- Eyes! - Ears.- Ears!- Nose.- Nose!
0:00:23 > 0:00:26# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know
0:00:26 > 0:00:29# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know
0:00:29 > 0:00:32# Luke, he helps us with our eyes and Felix with our touch
0:00:32 > 0:00:35# Ollie sniffs out smells And Belle, she hears so much
0:00:35 > 0:00:38# Bud is Ollie's brother He helps us with our taste
0:00:38 > 0:00:41# They're Nina's little neurons And they're coming to your place!
0:00:41 > 0:00:43- # Touch your tongue - Tongue!
0:00:43 > 0:00:44- # Fingers - Fingers!
0:00:44 > 0:00:47- # Eyes.- Eyes! - Ears.- Ears!- Nose.- Nose!
0:00:47 > 0:00:50# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know
0:00:50 > 0:00:53# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know
0:00:53 > 0:00:55# Oh yeah! #
0:00:56 > 0:00:58NINA GIGGLES
0:00:58 > 0:01:02Oh, hello. I'm just giving Mr Skeleton's teeth a good brush.
0:01:02 > 0:01:05It's very important to keep our teeth clean.
0:01:05 > 0:01:07- BEEPING - Oh.
0:01:07 > 0:01:12I hear a beep, I see a flash. I wonder what they're going to ask.
0:01:15 > 0:01:17ALL: Hi, Nina!
0:01:17 > 0:01:18Hi, guys!
0:01:18 > 0:01:23- We've got a question for you. - Why is sugar bad for our teeth?
0:01:23 > 0:01:27That's a brilliant question. Why is sugar bad for our teeth? Oh!
0:01:27 > 0:01:31Why don't you come to my lab and we'll investigate.
0:01:31 > 0:01:34ALL: See you soon, Nina. Bye!
0:01:34 > 0:01:36Bye!
0:01:36 > 0:01:41I'll need help to answer this and I know just who to ask.
0:01:41 > 0:01:44OK, neurons, time to get to work.
0:02:00 > 0:02:02ALL: Neurons at the ready, Nina.
0:02:02 > 0:02:06OK. Today's question is, why is sugar bad for our teeth?
0:02:06 > 0:02:10Which neuron will be most useful to help find the answer?
0:02:10 > 0:02:13ALL: Me! Me! Me! Oh, me!
0:02:13 > 0:02:16Will it be fabulous Felix?
0:02:16 > 0:02:20I can help so very much if you need the sense of touch.
0:02:20 > 0:02:21will it be beautiful Belle?
0:02:21 > 0:02:26I send messages to brain from ear. If there's a sound, I'll help you hear.
0:02:26 > 0:02:28Will it be lovely Luke?
0:02:28 > 0:02:30For looking and seeing, day or night,
0:02:30 > 0:02:33I'll help you with your sense of sight.
0:02:33 > 0:02:35Will it be awesome Ollie?
0:02:35 > 0:02:38If it's pongy or whiffy but you can't tell,
0:02:38 > 0:02:42- my messages help your sense of smell. - Or will it be baby Bud?
0:02:42 > 0:02:46Sour, salty, bitter or sweet, I'm your taste buddy whenever you eat!
0:02:49 > 0:02:51- It's Bud!- Yippee!
0:02:51 > 0:02:54CHEERING
0:02:54 > 0:03:00ALL: Go, Bud! Go, Bud! Go, Bud! Go, Bud! Go, Bud! Go, Bud! Go, Bud!
0:03:00 > 0:03:04SLURP Give me a taste of the action, Nina!
0:03:04 > 0:03:07Today's question is, why is sugar bad for our teeth?
0:03:07 > 0:03:11Sugar is something we taste, so Bud, our taste neuron will help.
0:03:11 > 0:03:16I need to get the lab ready before the Experimenters arrive.
0:03:17 > 0:03:21Nidhi likes writing stories, Holly loves gymnastics
0:03:21 > 0:03:23and Slaley likes dinosaurs.
0:03:23 > 0:03:26They all want to know about sugar and teeth.
0:03:26 > 0:03:31Today, Nidhi, Holly and Slaley become the Experimenters!
0:03:32 > 0:03:35- Hi, guys. - ALL: Hi, Nina!
0:03:35 > 0:03:37Welcome to my lab. In you come.
0:03:37 > 0:03:39Lovely to see you all.
0:03:39 > 0:03:42You asked, why is sugar bad for our teeth?
0:03:42 > 0:03:46- It's a great question. Why do you want to know?- Cos we get told
0:03:46 > 0:03:50to not eat too many sweets cos they're bad for our teeth.
0:03:50 > 0:03:52And we want to know why.
0:03:52 > 0:03:57Sweets do have a lot of sugar in them, which can be bad for teeth.
0:03:57 > 0:03:58But let's find out why.
0:03:58 > 0:04:02For our first experiment, we'll use our senses.
0:04:02 > 0:04:06ALL: Whoop-whoo! A senses experiment! We're ready, Nina!
0:04:06 > 0:04:09Who here brushes their teeth really well?
0:04:09 > 0:04:11ALL: Me! NINA LAUGHS
0:04:11 > 0:04:16I'm really glad to hear that. We should brush at least twice a day.
0:04:16 > 0:04:19In the morning, and just before bed.
0:04:19 > 0:04:23Brushing our teeth gets rid of bits of food that we've eaten
0:04:23 > 0:04:26and something else, too, called plaque.
0:04:26 > 0:04:29"Plaque". I've never heard that word before.
0:04:29 > 0:04:33Plaque can make our teeth feel a bit slimy.
0:04:33 > 0:04:37Let's roll our tongue over our teeth and see how they feel.
0:04:37 > 0:04:40Mine feel a wee bit slimy. Do yours?
0:04:40 > 0:04:41ALL: Yes.
0:04:41 > 0:04:45That slimy feeling is plaque building up on our teeth.
0:04:45 > 0:04:49It stays there until we brush it away.
0:04:49 > 0:04:52So we can feel plaque but can we see it?
0:04:52 > 0:04:54Say, "cheese!"
0:04:54 > 0:04:55ALL: Cheese!
0:04:55 > 0:05:01All I can see are lovely white teeth. I don't see any plaque at all.
0:05:01 > 0:05:04That's because plaque is white and so are our teeth
0:05:04 > 0:05:10so we can't see it. But I know a way we can turn it a different colour.
0:05:10 > 0:05:14By chewing these. They're clever tablets from the dentist that
0:05:14 > 0:05:18find plaque and make it a different colour, so we can see it.
0:05:18 > 0:05:21Nina knows these tablets are safe,
0:05:21 > 0:05:24but you should never take tablets on your own.
0:05:24 > 0:05:27Let's chew.
0:05:32 > 0:05:33OK, all done.
0:05:33 > 0:05:38Well, let's take a look. Smile, everyone!
0:05:39 > 0:05:43Ha-ha-ha-ha! Their teeth are all blue!
0:05:43 > 0:05:47So we can certainly see where the plaque is now!
0:05:47 > 0:05:53From our experiment, we've learned that plaque forms on our teeth.
0:05:53 > 0:05:58But what does plaque have to do with sugar being so bad for our teeth?
0:05:58 > 0:06:00We need to do another experiment,
0:06:00 > 0:06:03- after we've brushed our teeth. - ALL: Yes!
0:06:05 > 0:06:08This test tube has water and sugar in it
0:06:08 > 0:06:12and this test tube has water and plaque in it.
0:06:12 > 0:06:17I'm going to add in a special liquid.
0:06:17 > 0:06:21This will make both mixtures turn yellow.
0:06:25 > 0:06:27Now, watch what happens
0:06:27 > 0:06:32when I mix some sugar into the test tube with plaque.
0:06:42 > 0:06:45- So, has it changed colour? - ALL: Yes.
0:06:45 > 0:06:48- And what colour has it changed to? - Pink.- Red.
0:06:48 > 0:06:50Yeah, it's a reddy pink.
0:06:50 > 0:06:57Because when we mix sugar and plague together, an acid is being made.
0:06:57 > 0:07:01The pink colour tells us there is an acid in the test tube.
0:07:01 > 0:07:03It's acid that can harm our teeth.
0:07:03 > 0:07:05What does acid do, Nina?
0:07:05 > 0:07:09To find out more about acid, we'll go somewhere where they make
0:07:09 > 0:07:12a very special type of picture.
0:07:12 > 0:07:14Let's go, Experimenters!
0:07:18 > 0:07:20Here we go!
0:07:20 > 0:07:24I can't wait to see where we'll end up today!
0:07:24 > 0:07:28Nina said we were going somewhere where they made pictures.
0:07:28 > 0:07:32Maybe Nina's having her picture taken with the Experimenters.
0:07:32 > 0:07:34Listen up, guys. We're here!
0:07:34 > 0:07:37- Hi, Helen.- Hello, everybody.
0:07:37 > 0:07:40We've come here to have a very special picture made.
0:07:40 > 0:07:44It's special because it's made using a type of acid.
0:07:44 > 0:07:47Have you got a picture for us to print?
0:07:47 > 0:07:52- I've got this - a very, very good picture.- Bud!- Baby Bud!
0:07:52 > 0:07:54Luke! Look, it's ME!
0:07:54 > 0:07:57- It IS Bud. There you go, Helen. - Thank you.
0:08:05 > 0:08:07What IS she doing?
0:08:07 > 0:08:12She's using special liquid to paint onto a metal sheet, Ollie.
0:08:12 > 0:08:15Metal's usually hard and strong, isn't it?
0:08:15 > 0:08:16ALL: Yes, Nina.
0:08:23 > 0:08:25That's done.
0:08:26 > 0:08:31We'll have to put on some safety clothing for the next stage.
0:08:31 > 0:08:32You guys look brilliant!
0:08:32 > 0:08:38These visors and safety goggles will keep our eyes safe.
0:08:38 > 0:08:41Why is the artist putting it in the water?
0:08:41 > 0:08:45That's not water, Bud. It's actually a type of acid.
0:08:45 > 0:08:48Some acids are weak, like lemon juice or vinegar,
0:08:48 > 0:08:51and are safe to touch and eat,
0:08:51 > 0:08:56Some acids are very strong and dangerous. So we're wearing these.
0:08:56 > 0:08:59Helen's put the picture in the acid
0:08:59 > 0:09:03- because it does something special to the metal.- Look!
0:09:03 > 0:09:06- There are bubbles on the metal! - That's right.
0:09:06 > 0:09:10They show us that something is happening to the metal.
0:09:10 > 0:09:13That's because the acid used here is very strong
0:09:13 > 0:09:17so it eats away at the metal and makes bits disappear.
0:09:17 > 0:09:21There are no bubbles in the places painted black.
0:09:25 > 0:09:28Do you see how the acid has eaten away at the metal
0:09:28 > 0:09:32where it wasn't covered, and the special black stuff?
0:09:32 > 0:09:33ALL: Yes.
0:09:35 > 0:09:39- Would you like to put your picture onto paper, Nina?- Yes, please!
0:09:43 > 0:09:45First, we need to cover Bud in blue ink.
0:09:51 > 0:09:55Helen's using a machine to print Bud's picture.
0:09:55 > 0:09:57You look great, Bud.
0:09:57 > 0:09:59I'm a work of art!
0:10:01 > 0:10:03Oh, thank you SO much!
0:10:03 > 0:10:06- That's brilliant, isn't it? - ALL: Yes.
0:10:06 > 0:10:09We've learned that some acids are really strong
0:10:09 > 0:10:12and can eat away at hard metal.
0:10:12 > 0:10:17Come on, guys. Let's go back to the lab for one more experiment.
0:10:18 > 0:10:21Your question was, why is sugar bad for our teeth?
0:10:21 > 0:10:24So far we've discovered we get plaque on our teeth,
0:10:24 > 0:10:27and when sugar mixes with plaque,
0:10:27 > 0:10:31it makes an acid. Now we want to know what acid does to teeth.
0:10:31 > 0:10:33Let's get experimenting!
0:10:33 > 0:10:35ALL: Yeah!
0:10:36 > 0:10:40For this experiment, I need four teeth.
0:10:40 > 0:10:43You don't have any wobbly ones, do you?
0:10:43 > 0:10:45NINA LAUGHS
0:10:45 > 0:10:46I'm only joking.
0:10:46 > 0:10:48I have some here.
0:10:48 > 0:10:52Oh, no! Some of Nina's teeth have fallen out!
0:10:52 > 0:10:54Don't worry, Bud, they're not real.
0:10:54 > 0:10:59They're made from chalk, like the chalk sticks we can draw with.
0:10:59 > 0:11:02For this experiment, we'll PRETEND they're real.
0:11:02 > 0:11:06We'll have one tooth each. Can you pass that round for me, please?
0:11:06 > 0:11:11Let's pop them into the beaker and see what happens.
0:11:13 > 0:11:17Mine's not doing anything. What about yours?
0:11:17 > 0:11:21- Mine's disappearing.- So is mine. - Mine's broken in little pieces.
0:11:21 > 0:11:25So they are. You can hardly see any tooth at all!
0:11:25 > 0:11:28That's because in your beakers was some vinegar,
0:11:28 > 0:11:33which is an acid, and that's eaten away at the chalk really quickly.
0:11:33 > 0:11:36But in my beaker, there's just water,
0:11:36 > 0:11:39so nothing's happened at all, see?
0:11:39 > 0:11:43Although our teeth are much stronger than chalk,
0:11:43 > 0:11:45eventually, if we eat a lot of sugar,
0:11:45 > 0:11:49the acid made will eat away at your teeth, too.
0:11:52 > 0:11:55Your question was, why is sugar bad for our teeth?
0:11:55 > 0:11:57And I think we've answered it.
0:11:57 > 0:12:02We learnt that our mouths make plaque that forms on our teeth,
0:12:02 > 0:12:06and when sugar mixes with it, an acid is made.
0:12:06 > 0:12:09There are lots of types of acid -
0:12:09 > 0:12:12some are weak and safe to touch and eat,
0:12:12 > 0:12:17but some are dangerous and can even eat away at really hard metal.
0:12:17 > 0:12:20The acid made when sugar mixes with plaque
0:12:20 > 0:12:22can damage our teeth over time,
0:12:22 > 0:12:25making them brown, making holes in them,
0:12:25 > 0:12:27or even making them fall out!
0:12:27 > 0:12:32That's why we shouldn't eat too much sugar and always brush our teeth.
0:12:32 > 0:12:36- ALL: Thanks, Nina! We will. Bye! - Bye!
0:12:36 > 0:12:38Bye!
0:12:41 > 0:12:45If you want to know more about the science all around us,
0:12:45 > 0:12:48go to the Nina section on the CBeebies website! Have fun!
0:12:48 > 0:12:49Lab coat on, Nina?
0:12:49 > 0:12:51Lab coat on, Ollie.
0:12:51 > 0:12:53Safety gloves on, Nina?
0:12:53 > 0:12:55Safety gloves on, Felix.
0:12:55 > 0:12:57Don't forget your goggles, Nina.
0:12:57 > 0:13:01Goggles are on, Luke. I think we're ready!
0:13:02 > 0:13:04# We do experiments in the lab
0:13:04 > 0:13:08# Shooby-dooby, in the lab
0:13:08 > 0:13:10# Bubbling experiments in the lab
0:13:10 > 0:13:11# In the lab!
0:13:11 > 0:13:14# Go, Nina, in the lab
0:13:14 > 0:13:17# Fizzing and popping Steam and smoke
0:13:17 > 0:13:20# We need protection Don't we, folks?
0:13:20 > 0:13:24# We always put our safety first
0:13:24 > 0:13:26# Shooby-dooby, dooby-dooby
0:13:26 > 0:13:28# We do experiments in the lab
0:13:28 > 0:13:29# In the lab!
0:13:29 > 0:13:31# Go, Nina! #
0:13:31 > 0:13:33I've had a brilliant day!
0:13:33 > 0:13:38Hearing all that lovely giggling when the Experimenters' teeth went blue!
0:13:38 > 0:13:40It's been a marvellous day.
0:13:40 > 0:13:45Finding out about how plaque and sugar can hurt our teeth!
0:13:45 > 0:13:48Ahh, it's been such a great day, man!
0:13:48 > 0:13:53Seeing how they made that picture of Bud. That was pretty cool!
0:13:53 > 0:13:55I've had a fabby day!
0:13:55 > 0:14:00Sweeties might taste nice, but you shouldn't eat too many of them!
0:14:00 > 0:14:03Our day's been bursting with experiments.
0:14:03 > 0:14:06I hope you've enjoyed it. See you soon!
0:14:06 > 0:14:09- Bye! - ALL: Bye!
0:14:09 > 0:14:11E-mail subtitling@bbc.co.uk