0:00:05 > 0:00:08# If you've got a question And you don't know where to go
0:00:08 > 0:00:11# Ask Nina for some help Cos she's got a science show
0:00:11 > 0:00:14# She makes sense of our senses While helping all her fans
0:00:14 > 0:00:17# By doing her experiments With potions and with bangs
0:00:17 > 0:00:19- # Touch your tongue - Tongue!
0:00:19 > 0:00:20- # Fingers - Fingers!
0:00:20 > 0:00:23- # Eyes.- Eyes! - Ears.- Ears!- Nose.- Nose!
0:00:23 > 0:00:27- # Nina And The Neurons find out what you need to know.- Yeah!
0:00:27 > 0:00:29# Nina And The Neurons find out what you need to know
0:00:29 > 0:00:32# Luke, he helps us with our eyes And Felix with our touch
0:00:32 > 0:00:35# Ollie sniffs out smells and scents And Belle, she hears so much
0:00:35 > 0:00:38# Bud is Ollie's brother He helps us with our taste
0:00:38 > 0:00:41# They're Nina's little neurons And they're coming to your place
0:00:41 > 0:00:43- # Touch your tongue - Tongue!
0:00:43 > 0:00:44- # Fingers.- Fingers!
0:00:44 > 0:00:47- # Eyes.- Eyes! - Ears.- Ears!- Nose.- Nose!
0:00:47 > 0:00:50- # Nina And The Neurons find out What you need to know.- Yeah!
0:00:50 > 0:00:53# Nina And The Neurons find out What you need to know
0:00:53 > 0:00:54# Oh yeah! #
0:00:56 > 0:00:57NINA HUMS
0:00:57 > 0:01:01Ho-ho! Oh, hello!
0:01:01 > 0:01:02I'm just looking...
0:01:02 > 0:01:05Oh no! I think my light bulb's blown.
0:01:05 > 0:01:10Oh dear, it's definitely gone. I'll need to change the bulb.
0:01:10 > 0:01:13The bulb will be too hot to touch now.
0:01:13 > 0:01:15I'll wait for it to cool down.
0:01:15 > 0:01:17- BEEPING - Oh!
0:01:17 > 0:01:23I hear a beep, I see a flash, I wonder what they're going to ask.
0:01:24 > 0:01:26ALL: Hi, Nina!
0:01:26 > 0:01:28Hi, guys!
0:01:28 > 0:01:31- We've got a question.- What is fire?
0:01:31 > 0:01:34That's a great question. What is fire?
0:01:34 > 0:01:37Fire is hot and has lots of flames,
0:01:37 > 0:01:40but what is it made of, where does it come from?
0:01:40 > 0:01:44Come down and we'll do some experiments to investigate.
0:01:44 > 0:01:46ALL: See you soon, Nina.
0:01:46 > 0:01:47- Bye!- Bye!
0:01:47 > 0:01:51I'll need some help to answer this one and I know who to ask.
0:01:51 > 0:01:54OK, neurons, time to get to work.
0:02:11 > 0:02:13ALL: Neurons at the ready, Nina.
0:02:13 > 0:02:16OK, today's question is - what is fire?
0:02:16 > 0:02:20Which neuron will be most useful in finding the answer?
0:02:20 > 0:02:22ALL: Me! Me! Me!
0:02:22 > 0:02:25Will it be fabulous Felix?
0:02:25 > 0:02:28I can help so very much if you need the sense of touch.
0:02:28 > 0:02:30Will it be beautiful Belle?
0:02:30 > 0:02:33I send messages to brain from ear.
0:02:33 > 0:02:35If there's a sound, I'll help you hear.
0:02:35 > 0:02:37Will it be lovely Luke?
0:02:37 > 0:02:39For looking and seeing, day or night
0:02:39 > 0:02:42I'll help with your sense of sight.
0:02:42 > 0:02:44Will it be awesome Ollie?
0:02:44 > 0:02:49If it's pongy but you can't tell, my messages help your sense of smell.
0:02:49 > 0:02:50Or will it be baby Bud?
0:02:50 > 0:02:53Sour, salty, bitter or sweet,
0:02:53 > 0:02:55I'm your taste buddy whenever you eat.
0:02:59 > 0:03:03- It's Felix! - CHEERING
0:03:03 > 0:03:05ALL: Go, Felix! Go, Felix! Go, Felix!
0:03:05 > 0:03:09Go, Felix! Go, Felix! Go, Felix! Go, Felix!
0:03:09 > 0:03:15Marvellous! A little touch can mean so much, Nina.
0:03:15 > 0:03:17Today's question is - what is fire?
0:03:17 > 0:03:21Fire is very hot and can burn us, we must never touch it,
0:03:21 > 0:03:23so Felix will help me stay safe.
0:03:23 > 0:03:27I need to get the lab ready for the experimenters.
0:03:29 > 0:03:31Diarmuid likes his scooter,
0:03:31 > 0:03:34Mia loves her globe and Ronan likes rally cars.
0:03:34 > 0:03:39They all want to find out what fire is, so today, for one day only,
0:03:39 > 0:03:42Diarmuid, Mia and Ronan become the experimenters!
0:03:44 > 0:03:46ALL: Hi, Nina!
0:03:46 > 0:03:48Welcome to my lab! Come in!
0:03:48 > 0:03:51Ha-ha! Oh, it's lovely to see you all.
0:03:51 > 0:03:55So your question is, what is fire? Why do you want to know?
0:03:55 > 0:03:59We know it has flames and we know not to go near it.
0:03:59 > 0:04:03- But we don't know what it's made of. - Yes, fire has very hot flames,
0:04:03 > 0:04:05that's why it's dangerous.
0:04:05 > 0:04:06Fire can burn us,
0:04:06 > 0:04:11- so it's important that everyone listens to me, OK?- OK.- Brilliant.
0:04:11 > 0:04:14For our first experiment we'll use our senses.
0:04:14 > 0:04:18ALL: Woo-hoo! A senses experiment! We're ready, Nina!
0:04:18 > 0:04:22This is a Bunsen burner,
0:04:22 > 0:04:26it's a special piece of scientific equipment used in labs
0:04:26 > 0:04:27for doing experiments.
0:04:27 > 0:04:31I'll light it carefully, so can you take a step back?
0:04:31 > 0:04:33That's good.
0:04:33 > 0:04:36I'll pop on a heat-proof glove...
0:04:41 > 0:04:44So, what does the flame look like?
0:04:44 > 0:04:48- It's red and orange. - And it's flickering.
0:04:48 > 0:04:51The flame can't stay still.
0:04:51 > 0:04:54I wish fire wasn't so dangerous!
0:04:54 > 0:04:56It makes me a little scared.
0:04:56 > 0:04:59It's good to be a little scared of fire, Bud.
0:04:59 > 0:05:03It's important to know when things are dangerous so we don't get hurt.
0:05:03 > 0:05:07OK, guys, I'm going to turn the lights down
0:05:07 > 0:05:11so we can see what the flame looks like in the dark.
0:05:12 > 0:05:15- Can you still see the flame? - ALL: Yes!
0:05:15 > 0:05:17It looks really bright.
0:05:17 > 0:05:19Yes, so as well as giving out heat,
0:05:19 > 0:05:21fire gives out light as well.
0:05:21 > 0:05:24Let me put the lights back up...
0:05:24 > 0:05:26I'll turn this off...
0:05:28 > 0:05:33So we've learnt that fire has colourful flames that always move,
0:05:33 > 0:05:36and fire also gives out lots of heat and light.
0:05:36 > 0:05:41But fire needs certain things to do this. We need another experiment!
0:05:43 > 0:05:46We'll use candles for this experiment.
0:05:46 > 0:05:50- Never touch candles at home, but you know that, don't you?- Yes.
0:05:50 > 0:05:53These two candles are burning.
0:05:53 > 0:05:57What would happen if I put this jar over one of the flames?
0:05:57 > 0:06:00- It would go out. - It might get smaller.
0:06:00 > 0:06:02It might get bigger.
0:06:02 > 0:06:04We'll just have to see.
0:06:04 > 0:06:07Careful, Nina! Don't touch the hot flame!
0:06:07 > 0:06:09I won't, Felix.
0:06:09 > 0:06:12I'll put my heat-proof gloves on to be extra safe.
0:06:12 > 0:06:14OK...
0:06:16 > 0:06:20Let's watch very closely to see what happens to the candle flame.
0:06:21 > 0:06:25- The flame is still burning brightly.- But keep watching.
0:06:27 > 0:06:31Oh! The flame's gone out.
0:06:31 > 0:06:35That's because it's trapped in the jar, so it's run out of air.
0:06:35 > 0:06:38Although we can't see it, air is all around us.
0:06:38 > 0:06:40We need air to live and so does fire
0:06:40 > 0:06:44because there's something important in air - oxygen.
0:06:44 > 0:06:46Oxygen is a gas in the air,
0:06:46 > 0:06:49and our bodies need oxygen to breathe
0:06:49 > 0:06:51and fire needs oxygen to burn.
0:06:51 > 0:06:55Although we couldn't see it, the jar had air in it,
0:06:55 > 0:06:59and the flame kept burning until all the oxygen was used up.
0:06:59 > 0:07:02And this candle here, it's still burning,
0:07:02 > 0:07:05because there's air all around it.
0:07:05 > 0:07:08It has all the oxygen it needs, just like we do.
0:07:08 > 0:07:11But if I starve it of oxygen...
0:07:13 > 0:07:14(It'll go out).
0:07:14 > 0:07:16Yeah - it goes out.
0:07:16 > 0:07:20And this is what some fire extinguishers do.
0:07:20 > 0:07:24A fire extinguisher like this one sprays special, thick foamy stuff
0:07:24 > 0:07:28onto a fire, and that stops oxygen getting to the fire,
0:07:28 > 0:07:31and without oxygen, the fire goes out.
0:07:31 > 0:07:34Fire doesn't just need oxygen to burn,
0:07:34 > 0:07:37it needs something else very important,
0:07:37 > 0:07:41and I know a place where we can find lots of this important thing.
0:07:41 > 0:07:45The candles are out safely - let's go, experimenters!
0:07:50 > 0:07:53Where do you think we're going today?
0:07:53 > 0:07:58Nina said we were going to see something important that fire needs.
0:07:58 > 0:08:01I think bananas are very important.
0:08:01 > 0:08:04Bud, I have a feeling that wasn't what Nina meant.
0:08:04 > 0:08:08I've brought you to this huge forest. Does anyone know why?
0:08:08 > 0:08:09ALL: No, Nina!
0:08:09 > 0:08:11A fire needs two things to burn.
0:08:11 > 0:08:15It needs oxygen and it also needs something called a fuel.
0:08:15 > 0:08:19A forest like this has got lots of fuel in it,
0:08:19 > 0:08:21so let's go see if we can find it!
0:08:45 > 0:08:47Hey, Nina, I can see lots of fuel.
0:08:47 > 0:08:50Where? Where? What does it look like?
0:08:50 > 0:08:52Is it a wild animal?
0:08:52 > 0:08:56No, Bud. I should explain exactly what fuel is.
0:08:56 > 0:09:01A fuel is something that burns. There are different types of fuel.
0:09:01 > 0:09:05The Bunsen burner in my lab uses a gas as its fuel,
0:09:05 > 0:09:06and so do some cookers.
0:09:06 > 0:09:09Candles use candle wax as fuel,
0:09:09 > 0:09:12and cars usually have an oil as their fuel.
0:09:12 > 0:09:15But there's another very common fuel
0:09:15 > 0:09:18that's growing in the forest right now.
0:09:18 > 0:09:20What could it be?
0:09:20 > 0:09:23- Trees!- That's right, trees are made of wood,
0:09:23 > 0:09:25and wood is an excellent fuel.
0:09:25 > 0:09:28People use it to heat their homes,
0:09:28 > 0:09:31and to build camp fires to keep them warm.
0:09:31 > 0:09:33But wood will only burn when it's dry.
0:09:33 > 0:09:37If it's been raining and the wood's damp, it won't burn,
0:09:37 > 0:09:40because fire doesn't like water.
0:09:40 > 0:09:44Is that why firemen use water to put out fires?
0:09:44 > 0:09:48Yes, firemen use water to put out certain types of fire
0:09:48 > 0:09:51because water stops some fuels like wood from burning.
0:09:51 > 0:09:54Now back to the lab for our final experiment.
0:09:56 > 0:10:00We know that fire is dangerous because it's hot and burns,
0:10:00 > 0:10:04but WHY is fire hot? Let's get experimenting!
0:10:04 > 0:10:09- Yay!- OK, I want you to have a look at this mat.
0:10:09 > 0:10:14It's very special because it changes colour when it gets warm. Look...
0:10:20 > 0:10:25- Cool!- The heat from my hand has changed the colour of the mat!
0:10:25 > 0:10:28Look at the beakers in front of us.
0:10:28 > 0:10:30Can you give them a feel
0:10:30 > 0:10:33and tell me are they warm or cold?
0:10:33 > 0:10:34ALL: They're cold.
0:10:34 > 0:10:38So the water and special powder are cold.
0:10:38 > 0:10:43But if we mix these together, something interesting might happen.
0:10:43 > 0:10:44Let's find out what!
0:10:53 > 0:10:54Brilliant.
0:10:54 > 0:10:59We all have protective gloves on as we're going to use our hands
0:10:59 > 0:11:02to gently mix in the last of the dry bits, OK?
0:11:02 > 0:11:05THEY GROAN
0:11:05 > 0:11:08- NINA LAUGHS - What does it feel like?
0:11:08 > 0:11:12- Squidgy.- Disgusting. - Hee-hee! Is it warm or cold?
0:11:12 > 0:11:14- Cold.- Yuck!
0:11:14 > 0:11:18We need to leave the mixture to harden for a while,
0:11:18 > 0:11:21and something surprising might happen.
0:11:23 > 0:11:27So the mixture of powder and water has gone hard.
0:11:27 > 0:11:31Let's feel our tubs and see what it feels like.
0:11:31 > 0:11:35- It feels hot.- Yes, mine too!
0:11:35 > 0:11:37The mixture started off cold,
0:11:37 > 0:11:39but it's warmed up all by itself.
0:11:39 > 0:11:44In science we say the water and powder are reacting with one another
0:11:44 > 0:11:45to make heat.
0:11:45 > 0:11:48Oh, let's put our tubs onto these mats
0:11:48 > 0:11:52because heat makes the mat change colour.
0:11:52 > 0:11:54OK...that's good.
0:11:54 > 0:11:57So are you ready? And lift them up!
0:11:57 > 0:12:00- Yay, it worked!- Wow!
0:12:00 > 0:12:05This has shown that sometimes when different things are put together
0:12:05 > 0:12:06they react and make heat.
0:12:06 > 0:12:09This is what happens with fire -
0:12:09 > 0:12:14fuel and oxygen react to make heat and to make light too.
0:12:14 > 0:12:16# Nina And The Neurons. #
0:12:16 > 0:12:20Your question was what is fire, and I think we've answered it.
0:12:20 > 0:12:24We discovered that fire is a flame or flames that are colourful
0:12:24 > 0:12:26and give off heat and light
0:12:26 > 0:12:30and fire needs two things to burn - oxygen and fuel.
0:12:30 > 0:12:34But the most important thing we learned is that fire is dangerous
0:12:34 > 0:12:35because it's so hot,
0:12:35 > 0:12:40so you should always, ALWAYS stay away from flames and fire.
0:12:40 > 0:12:44- I hope that's answered your question.- ALL: Yes, thanks, Nina.
0:12:44 > 0:12:46- Bye!- Bye!
0:12:50 > 0:12:53To know more about the science that's around us
0:12:53 > 0:12:57go to the Nina section on the CBeebies website. Have fun!
0:12:58 > 0:13:00Lab coat on, Nina?
0:13:00 > 0:13:01Lab coat on, Ollie.
0:13:01 > 0:13:03Safety gloves on, Nina?
0:13:03 > 0:13:05Safety gloves on, Felix.
0:13:05 > 0:13:08Don't forget your goggles, Nina.
0:13:08 > 0:13:11Goggles are on, Luke. I think we're ready!
0:13:13 > 0:13:15# We do experiments in the lab
0:13:15 > 0:13:18# Shooby-dooby, in the lab
0:13:18 > 0:13:21# Bubbling experiments in the lab
0:13:21 > 0:13:22# In the lab!
0:13:22 > 0:13:24# Go, Nina, in the lab
0:13:24 > 0:13:27# Fizzing and popping Steam and smoke
0:13:27 > 0:13:30# We need protection Don't we, folks?
0:13:30 > 0:13:35# We always put our safety first
0:13:35 > 0:13:37# Shooby-dooby, dooby-dooby
0:13:37 > 0:13:39# We do experiments in the lab
0:13:39 > 0:13:40# In the lab!
0:13:40 > 0:13:41# Go, Nina! #
0:13:41 > 0:13:44It's been such a great day, man!
0:13:44 > 0:13:49The flame on Nina's Bunsen burner sure gave off a lot of light!
0:13:49 > 0:13:54I've had a fabby day! I learned to stay away from candles
0:13:54 > 0:13:56because they can burn.
0:13:56 > 0:13:58It's been a marvellous day,
0:13:58 > 0:14:02feeling those beakers get warm all by themselves.
0:14:02 > 0:14:05Our day's been bursting with experiments.
0:14:05 > 0:14:09- I hope you enjoyed it. See you soon. Bye!- Bye!