0:00:05 > 0:00:08# If you've got a question and you don't know where to go
0:00:08 > 0:00:11# Ask Nina for some help Cos she's got a science show
0:00:11 > 0:00:14# She makes sense of her senses While helping all her fans
0:00:14 > 0:00:17# By doing her experiments with potions and with bangs
0:00:17 > 0:00:19- # Touch your tongue - Tongue!
0:00:19 > 0:00:21- # Fingers - Fingers!
0:00:21 > 0:00:23- # Eyes.- Eyes! - Ears.- Ears!- Nose.- Nose!
0:00:23 > 0:00:26# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know
0:00:26 > 0:00:29# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know
0:00:29 > 0:00:32# Luke, he helps us with our eyes and Felix with our touch
0:00:32 > 0:00:35# Ollie sniffs out smells And Belle, she hears so much
0:00:35 > 0:00:38# Bud is Ollie's brother He helps us with our taste
0:00:38 > 0:00:41# They're Nina's little Neurons And they're coming to your place!
0:00:41 > 0:00:43- # Touch your tongue - Tongue!
0:00:43 > 0:00:44- # Fingers - Fingers!
0:00:44 > 0:00:47- # Eyes.- Eyes! - Ears.- Ears!- Nose.- Nose!
0:00:47 > 0:00:50# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know
0:00:50 > 0:00:53# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know
0:00:53 > 0:00:54# Oh yeah! #
0:00:58 > 0:00:59Oh, hello!
0:00:59 > 0:01:04Have you ever tried this bubble experiment before? It's great fun.
0:01:04 > 0:01:07You get a really good soapy lather
0:01:07 > 0:01:11and make a circle with your fingers and gently blow.
0:01:12 > 0:01:15Ha-ha! Bubble-tastic!
0:01:15 > 0:01:17BEEP! BEEP!
0:01:17 > 0:01:21I hear a beep, I see a flash, I wonder what they're going to ask.
0:01:25 > 0:01:27ALL: Hi, Nina!
0:01:27 > 0:01:28Hi, guys.
0:01:28 > 0:01:30We've got a question.
0:01:30 > 0:01:32Why do we have to use soap?
0:01:32 > 0:01:36That's a brilliant question. Why do we have to use soap?
0:01:36 > 0:01:40Why not come to my lab and we'll do some experiments to investigate?
0:01:40 > 0:01:42ALL: See you soon, Nina.
0:01:42 > 0:01:44Bye!
0:01:44 > 0:01:48I'll need help to answer this and I know just who to ask.
0:01:48 > 0:01:50OK, Neurons, time to get to work.
0:02:07 > 0:02:09ALL: Neurons at the ready, Nina.
0:02:09 > 0:02:13Today's question is, why do we have to use soap?
0:02:13 > 0:02:18Which Neuron will be most useful in helping us find the answer?
0:02:18 > 0:02:20- Me, me!- Oh, me!- Me!
0:02:20 > 0:02:22Will it be fabulous Felix?
0:02:22 > 0:02:24I can help so very much
0:02:24 > 0:02:26if you need the sense of touch.
0:02:26 > 0:02:28Will it be beautiful Belle?
0:02:28 > 0:02:30I send messages to brain from ear.
0:02:30 > 0:02:33If there's a sound, I'll help you hear.
0:02:33 > 0:02:35Will it be lovely Luke?
0:02:35 > 0:02:37Looking and seeing, day or night,
0:02:37 > 0:02:40I'll help you with your sense of sight.
0:02:40 > 0:02:42Will it be awesome Ollie?
0:02:42 > 0:02:44If it's pongy, but you can't tell,
0:02:44 > 0:02:46my messages help your sense of smell.
0:02:46 > 0:02:48Or will it be baby Bud?
0:02:48 > 0:02:50Sour, salty, bitter or sweet,
0:02:50 > 0:02:53I'm your taste buddy whenever you eat.
0:02:56 > 0:02:58It's Felix!
0:02:58 > 0:03:00CHEERING
0:03:00 > 0:03:02Go, Felix! Go, Felix!
0:03:02 > 0:03:05Go, Felix! Go, Felix! Go, Felix!
0:03:05 > 0:03:07Go, Felix! Go, Felix!
0:03:07 > 0:03:12Marvellous! A little touch can mean so much, Nina.
0:03:12 > 0:03:14Today's question is why do we have to use soap?
0:03:14 > 0:03:17To use soap we have to touch it,
0:03:17 > 0:03:20so Felix, our touch Neuron, will be helping me today.
0:03:20 > 0:03:24Right, I need to get the lab ready before the experimenters arrive.
0:03:26 > 0:03:27Vidhi likes making people laugh,
0:03:27 > 0:03:30Morven loves singing and Tia loves dancing.
0:03:30 > 0:03:34But they all want to know why we have to use soap.
0:03:34 > 0:03:36So today, for one day only,
0:03:36 > 0:03:39Vidhi, Morven and Tia become The Experimenters!
0:03:41 > 0:03:46- Hi, Nina!- Come in, come in. Welcome to my science lab.
0:03:46 > 0:03:52Now, you asked why do we have to use soap, but why do you want to know?
0:03:52 > 0:03:54Cos every time my mummy asks me to wash my hands,
0:03:54 > 0:03:56she always tells me to use soap.
0:03:56 > 0:03:59And we want to know why.
0:03:59 > 0:04:02Ah, well, I always use soap when I wash my hands,
0:04:02 > 0:04:04but I've never really thought why.
0:04:04 > 0:04:05This is a great question,
0:04:05 > 0:04:09so for our first experiment, we're going to use our senses.
0:04:09 > 0:04:14ALL: Woot-woo, a senses experiment! We're ready, Nina!
0:04:14 > 0:04:18As you can see, soap comes in lots of different shapes and sizes.
0:04:18 > 0:04:20This bar of soap's quite hard,
0:04:20 > 0:04:23when would you use a bar of soap like this?
0:04:23 > 0:04:25- Bath.- When you have a bath.
0:04:25 > 0:04:29- What about this liquid soap in the pump dispenser?- Hands!
0:04:29 > 0:04:32Here's some shampoo, that's soap we use to wash our hair.
0:04:32 > 0:04:36So we use different types of soap for different reasons.
0:04:36 > 0:04:39But why do we have to use it?
0:04:39 > 0:04:43OK, guys, now I've put some cooking oil onto these plates.
0:04:43 > 0:04:46So let's put our hand in it. Hee-hee!
0:04:48 > 0:04:51- Yuck! - Now let's rub our hands together.
0:04:53 > 0:04:55- Eww!- What does it feel like?
0:04:55 > 0:04:57- Slimy.- It's slimy!
0:04:57 > 0:05:01Ew, your hands do feel greasy.
0:05:01 > 0:05:04Don't worry, Felix, it won't be for long.
0:05:04 > 0:05:08OK, guys, let's go and wash our hands in just water.
0:05:10 > 0:05:13It's not washing, it still feels slimy.
0:05:13 > 0:05:14Slime!
0:05:14 > 0:05:19So even though we used the water, our hands are still covered in oil.
0:05:19 > 0:05:22That's because oil doesn't mix with water.
0:05:22 > 0:05:27So we need to wash our hands again and this time we can use some soap.
0:05:27 > 0:05:32You hold your hands out and I'll give you some soap. There you go.
0:05:32 > 0:05:34Rub those hands together.
0:05:35 > 0:05:40Ah, the liquid soap has created lots of white foamy lather.
0:05:40 > 0:05:44- OK, let's give them a good rinse under the tap.- Under the tap.
0:05:44 > 0:05:47Yeah, rinse them.
0:05:47 > 0:05:48That's mine done.
0:05:48 > 0:05:51OK, so let's see your hands now.
0:05:51 > 0:05:56- No oily. They don't feel slimy or anything.- Brilliant!
0:05:56 > 0:05:59That experiment has shown us that washing our hands
0:05:59 > 0:06:01with just water doesn't get rid of oil.
0:06:01 > 0:06:05But when we add soap, it makes a foamy lather
0:06:05 > 0:06:09and gets rid of the grease. But how does that happen?
0:06:09 > 0:06:11It's time for another experiment.
0:06:12 > 0:06:16Now this is a beaker of water with some food colouring added
0:06:16 > 0:06:21to help us see it. I'm going to add it into this jar of oil.
0:06:24 > 0:06:29Now I'm going to give it a really good shake.
0:06:29 > 0:06:30WATER SLOSHES
0:06:30 > 0:06:33Great sploshing noise, Nina!
0:06:33 > 0:06:36Splosh, slush, slush...
0:06:36 > 0:06:37Let's have a look.
0:06:39 > 0:06:43- So, what can you see happening? - It's getting blue at the bottom.
0:06:43 > 0:06:45Yeah, it's going stripy.
0:06:45 > 0:06:49And remember, the water is blue and the oil is yellow.
0:06:49 > 0:06:52Do you see the oil has risen to the top?
0:06:52 > 0:06:57Next, watch what happens if I mix oil with liquid soap.
0:07:00 > 0:07:03And once again I'll give it a good shake.
0:07:06 > 0:07:07That's turning green!
0:07:07 > 0:07:10- What can you see now?- They're mixed.
0:07:10 > 0:07:12That's right, they're mixed together.
0:07:12 > 0:07:14So the oil didn't mix with the water
0:07:14 > 0:07:19but it did mix with the liquid soap. Let's see what happens
0:07:19 > 0:07:21if we add the coloured water this time.
0:07:24 > 0:07:27(They'll mix.)
0:07:27 > 0:07:30And give them a good mix.
0:07:34 > 0:07:36What's happened?
0:07:36 > 0:07:38- They're blue now.- Yes,
0:07:38 > 0:07:41although oil and water can't mix together on their own,
0:07:41 > 0:07:45they can both mix with soap. So the soap mixes with the oil
0:07:45 > 0:07:49and the water, and allows the oil and water to mix together, too!
0:07:49 > 0:07:53Aw! It's like the soap's helped them to be friends!
0:07:53 > 0:07:55That's a nice way of putting it, Ollie!
0:07:55 > 0:07:59In science, when two things that normally don't mix together
0:07:59 > 0:08:01are helped to mix by something else,
0:08:01 > 0:08:04the new mixture is called an emulsion.
0:08:04 > 0:08:07To find out more, we're going to see a place
0:08:07 > 0:08:11where they make something very tasty! Let's go, experimenters!
0:08:16 > 0:08:19Off we go for another adventure!
0:08:19 > 0:08:21Nina said there would be tasty treats!
0:08:21 > 0:08:25I hope it's sausages or bananas or grapes or melons or...
0:08:25 > 0:08:29Nina said it's somewhere that makes tasty treats.
0:08:49 > 0:08:52Oh, creamy, milky smells!
0:08:52 > 0:08:55It's a dairy!
0:08:55 > 0:08:58We're here to find out more about how an emulsion is formed.
0:08:58 > 0:09:02The milk from these lovely cows is going to be made
0:09:02 > 0:09:05- into ice cream!- Whee!
0:09:05 > 0:09:07And ice cream is an emulsion.
0:09:07 > 0:09:12Ice cream?! Aya-a-a-ah!
0:09:16 > 0:09:19There are lots of ingredients in ice cream,
0:09:19 > 0:09:22like milk, cream and egg yolk.
0:09:22 > 0:09:27The egg helps all of the ingredients to make friends.
0:09:28 > 0:09:32And these machines are really important.
0:09:32 > 0:09:35The ice cream won't form until all the ingredients
0:09:35 > 0:09:39are mixed together really well. It's just like when I added the soap
0:09:39 > 0:09:43to the oil and water earlier. It wasn't until I shook the jar
0:09:43 > 0:09:47and mixed them really well that they formed an emulsion.
0:09:47 > 0:09:52Nina, can you please, please, please taste the ice cream now?!
0:09:52 > 0:09:54With pleasure, Bud!
0:09:54 > 0:09:55Yes!
0:09:57 > 0:09:59Mmm!
0:09:59 > 0:10:00So, as I was saying,
0:10:00 > 0:10:04it's all the whipping and mixing that helps to make the ice cream.
0:10:04 > 0:10:07But what does that tell us about soap?
0:10:07 > 0:10:09We need to go back to the lab for one final experiment.
0:10:12 > 0:10:14Your question was, "Why do we have to use soap?"
0:10:14 > 0:10:18There's one more experiment left to answer this question.
0:10:18 > 0:10:22- Let's get experimenting.- ALL: Yeah!
0:10:22 > 0:10:26Can I ask you to dip one hand into your paint?
0:10:26 > 0:10:30That's it. And then...
0:10:30 > 0:10:33press them on to the paper and make hand prints.
0:10:40 > 0:10:43Next, you're going to wash your hands
0:10:43 > 0:10:46in a sink that's got soapy water in it.
0:10:46 > 0:10:50I want you just to dip your hand in, no rubbing.
0:10:53 > 0:10:57Dipping your hands in, no rubbing.
0:10:58 > 0:11:00Now take you your hands out, no rubbing,
0:11:00 > 0:11:03and we'll just rinse them under this tap.
0:11:03 > 0:11:06OK, that's good.
0:11:09 > 0:11:13Now let's dry your hands. There's a towel for you, Morven.
0:11:13 > 0:11:17Tia. And for yourself, Vidhi.
0:11:17 > 0:11:20I can see all blue on the towel.
0:11:20 > 0:11:22Oh, the towels are going all blue!
0:11:22 > 0:11:26Oh dear, their hands are still covered in paint!
0:11:26 > 0:11:27So what do you notice?
0:11:27 > 0:11:29The paint's not washed off.
0:11:29 > 0:11:32Don't worry, this experiment isn't over yet.
0:11:32 > 0:11:34Put your hands back in the water
0:11:34 > 0:11:37and this time you can rub your hands together.
0:11:37 > 0:11:40That's it, make lots of bubbles.
0:11:43 > 0:11:45Lovely. OK, now take your hands out.
0:11:45 > 0:11:48Now, I've got some towels here.
0:11:48 > 0:11:50Let's just dry our hands.
0:11:50 > 0:11:54Super. What do we notice about our hands now?
0:11:54 > 0:11:55They're all clean.
0:11:55 > 0:11:58They're lovely and clean.
0:11:58 > 0:12:00That experiment has shown us
0:12:00 > 0:12:04that soapy water alone wasn't enough to remove the paint from your hands
0:12:04 > 0:12:07because there was no foamy lather.
0:12:07 > 0:12:09But when you rubbed your hands in the water,
0:12:09 > 0:12:14the soap and the water and the paint mixed together to create an emulsion
0:12:14 > 0:12:16and the paint washed away.
0:12:18 > 0:12:21Your question was, "Why do we have to use soap?"
0:12:21 > 0:12:23And I think we've answered it.
0:12:23 > 0:12:26We use soap because when we rub it to create an emulsion,
0:12:26 > 0:12:30it helps us get rid of oily, greasy dirt and germs
0:12:30 > 0:12:32that won't come off with water alone.
0:12:32 > 0:12:34I hope that's answered your question.
0:12:34 > 0:12:37ALL: Thanks, Nina, bye.
0:12:37 > 0:12:39Bye!
0:12:42 > 0:12:45If you want to know more about the science that's all around us,
0:12:45 > 0:12:49go to the Nina section on the CBeebies website. Have fun!
0:12:53 > 0:12:54Lab coat on, Nina?
0:12:54 > 0:12:56Lab coat on, Ollie.
0:12:56 > 0:12:58Safety gloves on, Nina?
0:12:58 > 0:13:00Safety gloves on, Felix.
0:13:00 > 0:13:02And don't forget your goggles, Nina.
0:13:02 > 0:13:04Goggles are on, Luke.
0:13:04 > 0:13:06I think we're ready!
0:13:07 > 0:13:09# We do experiments in the lab
0:13:09 > 0:13:13# In the lab Shooby-dooby, in the lab
0:13:13 > 0:13:15# Bubbling experiments in the lab
0:13:15 > 0:13:19# In the lab Go, Nina, in the lab
0:13:19 > 0:13:21# Hissing and popping Steam and smoke
0:13:22 > 0:13:25# We need protection Don't we, folks?
0:13:25 > 0:13:29# We always put our safety first
0:13:29 > 0:13:31# Shooby-dooby-dooby-dooby
0:13:31 > 0:13:33# We do experiments in the lab
0:13:33 > 0:13:36# In the lab Go, Nina! #
0:13:36 > 0:13:38It's been a marvellous day,
0:13:38 > 0:13:41lots of touchy-feely hands on experiments.
0:13:41 > 0:13:43I've had a brilliant day.
0:13:43 > 0:13:47Nina used the soap to make the oil and water be friends.
0:13:47 > 0:13:49I've had a fabby day!
0:13:49 > 0:13:54Ice cream, ice cream, ice cream, ice cream!
0:13:54 > 0:13:57Our day's been bursting with sensational experiments.
0:13:57 > 0:13:59I hope you've enjoyed it. Bye!
0:13:59 > 0:14:01ALL: Bye!
0:14:01 > 0:14:04Subtitles by Red Bee Media Ltd