0:00:23 > 0:00:25He's Dr Chris.
0:00:25 > 0:00:26And he's Dr Xand.
0:00:26 > 0:00:27And we're...
0:00:27 > 0:00:29..Identical twins.
0:00:29 > 0:00:31We were until you grew your beard.
0:00:31 > 0:00:32In this series,
0:00:32 > 0:00:36we're taking over one of the biggest children's hospitals in Europe -
0:00:36 > 0:00:39the amazing Alder Hey in Liverpool.
0:00:39 > 0:00:41We'll go head-to-head, as we take on
0:00:41 > 0:00:44some of our hospital's most important jobs...
0:00:44 > 0:00:46This isn't going well.
0:00:46 > 0:00:49Ouch & About hit the wards for more medical mysteries.
0:00:49 > 0:00:53- That is a hole going inside your stomach?- Yes.
0:00:53 > 0:00:56And we'll be meeting our brilliant Ouch Patients,
0:00:56 > 0:00:58who come in for a regular treatment.
0:00:58 > 0:00:59Hi!
0:00:59 > 0:01:03We've hidden our lab in a top-secret location...
0:01:03 > 0:01:05And our experiments just...
0:01:05 > 0:01:07got... BURPS
0:01:07 > 0:01:08bigger!
0:01:08 > 0:01:09Waahh!
0:01:09 > 0:01:11You guys are crazy!
0:01:11 > 0:01:14So, are you ready to join us?
0:01:14 > 0:01:15I have to change my cape.
0:01:20 > 0:01:21Coming up today on...
0:01:21 > 0:01:23Operation Ouch!
0:01:26 > 0:01:28We take to the skies...
0:01:28 > 0:01:30Quick, Chris, to the choppers!
0:01:30 > 0:01:32Hello.
0:01:32 > 0:01:34Meet our amazing Ouch Patients...
0:01:34 > 0:01:37Each time I go to hospital, I get a bead.
0:01:37 > 0:01:42And we put one of the strongest parts of your body to the test.
0:01:42 > 0:01:43Lift off!
0:01:44 > 0:01:46But first...
0:01:46 > 0:01:49Let's see who's turned up in accident and emergency.
0:01:49 > 0:01:51And watch out for a gross alert!
0:01:51 > 0:01:52Ugh!
0:01:57 > 0:02:00Today, waiting in Alder Hey's A&E with his mum
0:02:00 > 0:02:03is ten-year-old Caspar, with a troubled tibia.
0:02:03 > 0:02:05I broke my leg about a year ago.
0:02:05 > 0:02:08But, recently, it's just got really sore.
0:02:08 > 0:02:11This morning, it got worse, and I ended up here.
0:02:11 > 0:02:15Looks like that leg's in limbo. How did it happen?
0:02:15 > 0:02:19- One year ago, it was a beautiful, sunny day.- Beautiful!
0:02:19 > 0:02:21- Birds were tweeting...- Tweet-tweet!
0:02:21 > 0:02:23- Flowers were...- Dancing!
0:02:23 > 0:02:24Erm, yes, OK.
0:02:24 > 0:02:28And Caspar was playing in the garden with his friend, Magnus.
0:02:28 > 0:02:29Ooh, what were they playing?
0:02:29 > 0:02:31They were running around, blasting foam darts.
0:02:31 > 0:02:33Pow-pow-pow!
0:02:33 > 0:02:35Sounds like fun!
0:02:35 > 0:02:38It was, until Caspar tripped over a tree root and broke his leg.
0:02:38 > 0:02:40- BOTH:- Ouch!
0:02:40 > 0:02:43A year later, and that leg is still causing problems.
0:02:43 > 0:02:47And now it's started spraying out yellow stuff.
0:02:47 > 0:02:51And now white chunks of gravelly stuff.
0:02:51 > 0:02:53That's no laughing matter, Caspar.
0:02:53 > 0:02:56Best get that grim limb into see...
0:02:59 > 0:03:02So, we need to examine the wound and see how it is.
0:03:02 > 0:03:03It looks horrendous.
0:03:03 > 0:03:05That's right, mum.
0:03:05 > 0:03:07Gross alert coming up.
0:03:07 > 0:03:10When Caspar first broke his leg, he had an operation.
0:03:10 > 0:03:13And doctors discovered he had a tumour, which they removed.
0:03:13 > 0:03:15Can you wiggle your toes for me?
0:03:15 > 0:03:18To strengthen his leg bone, they inserted in metal plate.
0:03:18 > 0:03:20- What, like this? - Yep, that's the one.
0:03:20 > 0:03:24And Caspar was also given a bone graft.
0:03:24 > 0:03:26A bone graft is a surgical procedure
0:03:26 > 0:03:29when bones need repairing or rebuilding.
0:03:29 > 0:03:33A very special material, a bit like moulding clay, is put into the bone.
0:03:33 > 0:03:36It holds the bone in place, like scaffolding,
0:03:36 > 0:03:38and encourages new bone cells to grow.
0:03:40 > 0:03:44Sometimes, like in Caspar's case, the material can leak.
0:03:44 > 0:03:46It's nothing to be overly concerned about,
0:03:46 > 0:03:48but there could be an infection.
0:03:48 > 0:03:50So, the doctor orders bloods to be taken...
0:03:50 > 0:03:52One, two, three - go.
0:03:52 > 0:03:53..and x-rays.
0:03:55 > 0:03:59If there is an infection, Caspar may have to have surgery to sort it out.
0:03:59 > 0:04:01We're going to keep him in tonight,
0:04:01 > 0:04:03to see how things hold up tomorrow morning.
0:04:03 > 0:04:05For now, Caspar's got other things on his mind.
0:04:05 > 0:04:07- Dinner and sleep. - My thoughts exactly!
0:04:07 > 0:04:10Not yet, Xand. Find out later if he does need surgery.
0:04:14 > 0:04:17In hospital, it's not just the doctors and nurses
0:04:17 > 0:04:19who help to get you fixed.
0:04:19 > 0:04:22There are lots of other heroes working behind the scenes.
0:04:22 > 0:04:23Ah, yes!
0:04:23 > 0:04:26What will happen when we have a go at their amazing jobs?
0:04:26 > 0:04:29Welcome to the Dr Chris show.
0:04:29 > 0:04:30Useless!
0:04:30 > 0:04:31This is...
0:04:33 > 0:04:36Lots of emergency cases arrive at Alder Hey
0:04:36 > 0:04:38and other hospitals by air.
0:04:38 > 0:04:41All over the UK, there are helicopter services ready to help.
0:04:43 > 0:04:46Today's hospital hero is London air ambulance pilot...
0:04:48 > 0:04:50And we're going to meet him!
0:04:50 > 0:04:52Well, Chris is late!
0:04:52 > 0:04:53I've got no idea where he is at all,
0:04:53 > 0:04:56but Captain Neil is not going to be pleased.
0:04:56 > 0:04:59This is a little bit embarrassing.
0:04:59 > 0:05:00There's Xandy!
0:05:00 > 0:05:03Where is he? Come on, Chris.
0:05:03 > 0:05:05Aw, it's a shame he's missed this.
0:05:05 > 0:05:07Probably should have told him about it.
0:05:09 > 0:05:10The helicopter's here!
0:05:10 > 0:05:13The blades have stopped turning, and it's safe to approach.
0:05:13 > 0:05:14Ah, hi, Xand!
0:05:14 > 0:05:17Sorry you missed that, it really is only way to travel.
0:05:17 > 0:05:20I'm going to start getting a helicopter to work a bit more often.
0:05:20 > 0:05:22This is outrageous!
0:05:23 > 0:05:25Air ambulances are incredible.
0:05:25 > 0:05:29This service in London helps around 2,000 patients every year.
0:05:29 > 0:05:32And the pilots are essential when it comes to their rescue.
0:05:32 > 0:05:35So, Neil, we don't normally think of pilots as being part of
0:05:35 > 0:05:37a medical team. How do you fit in?
0:05:37 > 0:05:39Our job is to get the medical team
0:05:39 > 0:05:41to the patient as quickly as we possibly can.
0:05:41 > 0:05:44Being driven around London, the average speed is maybe 5mph.
0:05:44 > 0:05:48A helicopter can fly at about 150mph in a straight line.
0:05:48 > 0:05:51Getting to a medical emergency quickly is difficult enough,
0:05:51 > 0:05:55but landing there can be even trickier.
0:05:55 > 0:05:57This is the on-board medical team...
0:06:00 > 0:06:03No-one appreciates the role of the pilot more than them.
0:06:03 > 0:06:05So, it's not an easy job,
0:06:05 > 0:06:07getting this helicopter where it needs to be.
0:06:07 > 0:06:10Landing spaces can be parks, can be roads.
0:06:10 > 0:06:13The pilots try and get us as close to the scene as possible.
0:06:13 > 0:06:16These guys, they are so calm.
0:06:16 > 0:06:19Landing in school playgrounds, on the M25 -
0:06:19 > 0:06:23their training just makes them absolutely amazing under pressure.
0:06:23 > 0:06:26We've seen just how important the air ambulance is to the
0:06:26 > 0:06:27running of a big hospital.
0:06:27 > 0:06:30But will our careers as pilots... take off?
0:06:30 > 0:06:31Get it? Get it?
0:06:35 > 0:06:39Today, I'm going to be flying the twin-engine...
0:06:40 > 0:06:43Really? I just called mine Barry.
0:06:43 > 0:06:47Your Takeover Challenge is to fly your helicopter and land it
0:06:47 > 0:06:50as safely and as close to the patient as you possibly can.
0:06:50 > 0:06:53The pressure's on. This patient is critical.
0:06:53 > 0:06:54Ah! It's Mini-Xand!
0:06:54 > 0:06:57And he's grazed his knee!
0:06:57 > 0:06:59Quick, Chris, to the choppers!
0:07:00 > 0:07:03There's been a patient trapped beneath a car.
0:07:03 > 0:07:05There are two potential landing sites -
0:07:05 > 0:07:08one is right next to the patient, in a complicated school site,
0:07:08 > 0:07:11or there's a bigger field, a bit further away.
0:07:11 > 0:07:15So, the choice is whether they land in a complicated site
0:07:15 > 0:07:16or land in the big field
0:07:16 > 0:07:18and let your doctors and paramedics walk to the patient.
0:07:18 > 0:07:20- SHEEP:- Mee-eee-eeh!
0:07:20 > 0:07:23We're off! Xand's up first.
0:07:23 > 0:07:25Right, he's got it airborne.
0:07:25 > 0:07:28We don't want it to go too close to the river in this case.
0:07:29 > 0:07:31Xand, you're going a little bit high.
0:07:31 > 0:07:34Come back! Come back!
0:07:34 > 0:07:37I'm sure that's not quite the way he wanted to go.
0:07:37 > 0:07:39It's now over the river.
0:07:39 > 0:07:41Forwards... No... Fly it backwards, fly it backwards!
0:07:41 > 0:07:43I've lost control!
0:07:43 > 0:07:44Aargh!
0:07:49 > 0:07:50That didn't go all that well.
0:07:50 > 0:07:52And meanwhile, poor Mini-Xand is still
0:07:52 > 0:07:55- exsanguinating all over the floor.- Mini-Xand!
0:07:55 > 0:07:57You've got to rescue him now, Chris, you're his only hope!
0:07:57 > 0:08:00I will go and get Mini-Xand. Leave this to me.
0:08:03 > 0:08:05He's going in the right direction.
0:08:05 > 0:08:07This has promise.
0:08:07 > 0:08:08Ooh, it is difficult, isn't it?
0:08:08 > 0:08:10Keep it down, keep it down!
0:08:10 > 0:08:11Keep it down, keep it down!
0:08:11 > 0:08:13XAND LAUGHS
0:08:13 > 0:08:15Hold on, we just need to recover that.
0:08:15 > 0:08:17Chris is persevering.
0:08:19 > 0:08:20What are you doing?
0:08:20 > 0:08:23I certainly would be looking at landing in the grass area.
0:08:23 > 0:08:26Yep, yep, yep, yep!
0:08:26 > 0:08:27Yes! Yes!
0:08:27 > 0:08:30He's landed on top of Mini-Xand.
0:08:30 > 0:08:32Now, although I said to get as close as we possibly can,
0:08:32 > 0:08:35that's probably just a little too close,
0:08:35 > 0:08:37on top of the patient, in this case.
0:08:39 > 0:08:41Chris, I applaud your determination
0:08:41 > 0:08:44and I did say land as close to the patient as you possibly could.
0:08:44 > 0:08:46But after many attempts, you landed ON the patient.
0:08:46 > 0:08:49Probably committing more damage than Xand.
0:08:49 > 0:08:52I think this is a case of who's less rubbish?
0:08:52 > 0:08:54So, today's winner...
0:08:54 > 0:08:55- is Xand.- Yeah!
0:08:56 > 0:08:58Well, I'm very surprised by that.
0:08:58 > 0:09:01I guess, if I've learned one thing, it's the importance
0:09:01 > 0:09:04of the air ambulance pilots in the running of a big hospital.
0:09:04 > 0:09:07Neil, I think it's time we give our helicopter back.
0:09:07 > 0:09:09Our one remaining helicopter.
0:09:13 > 0:09:16Meet Ruby, Hayden, Holly and Tola.
0:09:16 > 0:09:19We'll be following them across the series, as they let us know
0:09:19 > 0:09:22what it's like to be a regular hospital outpatient.
0:09:22 > 0:09:25They've given us exclusive access to their lives
0:09:25 > 0:09:26as they undergo treatment.
0:09:26 > 0:09:29Let's meet our first Ouch Patient, Ruby.
0:09:29 > 0:09:30Hello, Ruby!
0:09:30 > 0:09:34These are my dogs. That one, right there, at the door, is Beau.
0:09:34 > 0:09:35Hi, Beau!
0:09:35 > 0:09:37And the one right at the back is Cuto.
0:09:37 > 0:09:39Ruby has leukaemia,
0:09:39 > 0:09:42a type of cancer which means she has too many white blood cells.
0:09:42 > 0:09:45As well as having lots of hospital visits, she's also been
0:09:45 > 0:09:48receiving chemotherapy at home for nearly a year.
0:09:48 > 0:09:54Today is Tuesday and, today, in came the home-care lady,
0:09:54 > 0:09:56and she did my dressing.
0:09:56 > 0:09:58As you can see, it's been changed.
0:09:58 > 0:10:02Ruby has regular chemo, sometimes as much as four times a week.
0:10:02 > 0:10:04Hello, good morning, Martha, how are you?
0:10:04 > 0:10:07Today, nurse Donna is going to give her
0:10:07 > 0:10:09a series of injections which helps treat the leukaemia.
0:10:09 > 0:10:13I'm going to administer some chemotherapy through a central line.
0:10:13 > 0:10:16So we're just setting up all our syringes and all the
0:10:16 > 0:10:17equipment that we need.
0:10:17 > 0:10:19In case you're wondering what a central line is,
0:10:19 > 0:10:22it's a tube with a connection at one end for a syringe,
0:10:22 > 0:10:25while the other end goes into the veins by Ruby's heart.
0:10:25 > 0:10:28This is my line and they put chemo through it,
0:10:28 > 0:10:31instead of having injections all the time.
0:10:31 > 0:10:33And with this, it has to go in over about three to five minutes.
0:10:33 > 0:10:36Chemo makes me feel really tired.
0:10:36 > 0:10:39As well as having all these treatments at home,
0:10:39 > 0:10:42Ruby also has to go to the hospital regularly.
0:10:43 > 0:10:47Each time I go to hospital, and I have treatment, I get a bead.
0:10:49 > 0:10:51Yellow is overnight sleeps,
0:10:51 > 0:10:52the white is for chemo,
0:10:52 > 0:10:56and these little ones here are just for bravery.
0:10:56 > 0:11:00My favourite's this one, for losing your hair.
0:11:00 > 0:11:03Wow, Chris, Ruby has hundreds of beads.
0:11:03 > 0:11:05Yes, Xand, and soon she'll be getting another one,
0:11:05 > 0:11:07as she has a hospital visit coming up.
0:11:07 > 0:11:10Find out how I get on next time, bye!
0:11:10 > 0:11:11Bye, Ruby!
0:11:15 > 0:11:16Remember Casper and his sore leg?
0:11:16 > 0:11:19It's time to find out how he's getting on!
0:11:24 > 0:11:27Earlier, we met Caspar, who came into A&E with a sore shin.
0:11:28 > 0:11:32A year ago, Caspar was messing around with his mate, Magnus.
0:11:32 > 0:11:35When he tripped over a tree and broke his leg.
0:11:35 > 0:11:38Doctors discovered he had a tumour, which they removed.
0:11:38 > 0:11:42And he had a metal plate fitted and a bone graft, to fix his leg.
0:11:42 > 0:11:44Caspar stayed in hospital overnight, awaiting
0:11:44 > 0:11:48blood test and X-ray results to see if his leg is infected.
0:11:48 > 0:11:50This is the X-ray picture on Caspar.
0:11:50 > 0:11:54The white substance in the wound is coming out,
0:11:54 > 0:11:56which is not good for the bone.
0:11:56 > 0:11:59The good news for Caspar is that his leg isn't infected.
0:11:59 > 0:12:02But the bad news is that the leaking bone graft will need
0:12:02 > 0:12:05an operation, to sort it out.
0:12:05 > 0:12:07Best leg it to surgery, sharpish!
0:12:07 > 0:12:09To be seen by...
0:12:10 > 0:12:12Caspar has had a general anaesthetic,
0:12:12 > 0:12:14so he won't feel a thing.
0:12:14 > 0:12:16Once surgeon Chris has cleaned the wound,
0:12:16 > 0:12:19he has an ingenious idea to help that leg keel.
0:12:19 > 0:12:22We've put a special dressing over the top of the wound
0:12:22 > 0:12:25that attaches to a machine, that acts like a vacuum cleaner.
0:12:25 > 0:12:27It sucks the air out from it,
0:12:27 > 0:12:30so, because the air has been sucked out, it closes the edges of
0:12:30 > 0:12:33the wound together, so that it will heal in a nice position.
0:12:34 > 0:12:37With that pump now attached to Caspar's leg,
0:12:37 > 0:12:41the wound has a much better chance of healing quickly.
0:12:41 > 0:12:45And after a couple of days on the ward, how's our patient doing?
0:12:45 > 0:12:47It's my birthday today.
0:12:47 > 0:12:48Happy birthday, Caspar!
0:12:48 > 0:12:50Did you get any nice presents?
0:12:50 > 0:12:51I've got a splint...
0:12:51 > 0:12:52Nice!
0:12:52 > 0:12:57..and I have this pump. And I'm going home.
0:12:57 > 0:12:59That sounds like the best present of all.
0:12:59 > 0:13:02Caspar will keep the special pump attached to his leg
0:13:02 > 0:13:05for five days, to help heal it.
0:13:05 > 0:13:06Bye, Caspar!
0:13:09 > 0:13:10Still to come...
0:13:10 > 0:13:12We find out what makes you bendy...
0:13:12 > 0:13:14That is amazing!
0:13:14 > 0:13:17..we meet our second Ouch Patient, Tola...
0:13:17 > 0:13:18Just need to chillax now.
0:13:19 > 0:13:23..and find out if laughter really is the best medicine.
0:13:23 > 0:13:24But first...
0:13:29 > 0:13:32And the strongest one is in your foot.
0:13:32 > 0:13:34Wow, that's amazing!
0:13:38 > 0:13:40And now, to our lab.
0:13:40 > 0:13:43But this time, we've hidden it in a top-secret location.
0:13:43 > 0:13:48So secret, in fact, that even Xand doesn't know where it is.
0:13:48 > 0:13:49Wow!
0:13:49 > 0:13:52It's for some amazing experiments...
0:13:52 > 0:13:55Just don't try anything you see here at home.
0:13:55 > 0:13:58Today, we're looking at how strong your tendons are.
0:14:01 > 0:14:02Now, to get us started,
0:14:02 > 0:14:05I brought us something very, very flexible.
0:14:05 > 0:14:06My friend Kika!
0:14:08 > 0:14:10- Hi, Dr Chris.- Hi, Kika.
0:14:12 > 0:14:15Now, you should never try to fold yourself into a box.
0:14:15 > 0:14:16Kika does this all the time,
0:14:16 > 0:14:20she's a professional contortionist, and a world champion gymnast,
0:14:20 > 0:14:24which means she has an extremely flexible body, as you can see.
0:14:24 > 0:14:27Some people are more flexible than others.
0:14:29 > 0:14:30I've pretty much got it.
0:14:30 > 0:14:32It's just that I didn't really warm up properly.
0:14:32 > 0:14:34Hmm. OK, Xand.
0:14:34 > 0:14:37She you can see, Kika's back is super-bendy.
0:14:37 > 0:14:40She's able to bend like this thanks to the flexible
0:14:40 > 0:14:42and super-strong tendons in her back.
0:14:42 > 0:14:44That is amazing!
0:14:44 > 0:14:46Thanks, Kika!
0:14:49 > 0:14:51Come and have a look at this.
0:14:51 > 0:14:54This is a backbone. Now, this one's from a pig,
0:14:54 > 0:14:57but it's very similar to yours.
0:14:57 > 0:14:59These white bits are tendons.
0:14:59 > 0:15:01Tendons connect your muscles to your bones,
0:15:01 > 0:15:04and they are everywhere in your body.
0:15:04 > 0:15:06They have to be super strong,
0:15:06 > 0:15:09because tendons are the things that actually move your bones.
0:15:09 > 0:15:14To show you how tendons move your bones, I have invented this...
0:15:14 > 0:15:18a model arm made of space age materials!
0:15:18 > 0:15:20Xand, this is something made of cardboard,
0:15:20 > 0:15:22a bit of string and some straws.
0:15:22 > 0:15:25Well, they use all of those things in space.
0:15:25 > 0:15:26Now, this is the muscle.
0:15:26 > 0:15:27This is the bone,
0:15:27 > 0:15:31and this piece of string is the tendon connecting the two of them.
0:15:31 > 0:15:33Now, when I take this balloon,
0:15:33 > 0:15:34put it in here,
0:15:34 > 0:15:35and inflate it...
0:15:37 > 0:15:38Wow!
0:15:38 > 0:15:41When Xand inflates the balloon, it's like my muscle contracting,
0:15:41 > 0:15:44and it pulls on the tendon and moves the bone.
0:15:44 > 0:15:47Your tendons had to be strong so that they can lift and move
0:15:47 > 0:15:51your bones and anything else you're carrying.
0:15:51 > 0:15:53The strongest and thickest tendon in your body
0:15:53 > 0:15:55is the Achilles tendon, and it...
0:15:55 > 0:15:58What have I told you about shoes in the lab?
0:15:58 > 0:16:00Well, I thought everyone would like to see my Achilles tendon.
0:16:00 > 0:16:02It's right here.
0:16:02 > 0:16:04It connects my calf to my heel.
0:16:04 > 0:16:05Do you know, Chris,
0:16:05 > 0:16:09your Achilles tendon is meant to be stronger than steel?
0:16:09 > 0:16:12It's just a shame we don't have any way to test that in the lab.
0:16:12 > 0:16:16Well, Xand, I actually have the perfect experiment for this.
0:16:16 > 0:16:18But we do need to head outside. And...
0:16:18 > 0:16:20you're going to need this.
0:16:20 > 0:16:21Meet...
0:16:25 > 0:16:28Let's go find out how it works.
0:16:28 > 0:16:30This is a horse's tendon.
0:16:30 > 0:16:34These are scientists from Queen Mary University of London.
0:16:34 > 0:16:36They're attaching these clamps to the horse tendon,
0:16:36 > 0:16:39which is then frozen with dry ice.
0:16:39 > 0:16:41Let's test how strong this tendon really is.
0:16:41 > 0:16:44But maybe we should start with something small.
0:16:46 > 0:16:47Well, we could use Zahara.
0:16:47 > 0:16:48Is she here?
0:16:48 > 0:16:50- Yes, she's right here.- Oh!
0:16:50 > 0:16:52- Hi, Zahara.- Hi, Chris.
0:16:52 > 0:16:55Well, sounds like it's time for some tendon-powered flight.
0:16:55 > 0:16:56Get in the bag, come on!
0:16:58 > 0:16:59- Are you strapped in?- Yep.
0:16:59 > 0:17:01- Helmet's on?- Yes.- Great stuff.
0:17:01 > 0:17:05- Good luck! - We'll see when you land!- OK.
0:17:05 > 0:17:08Remember, Zahara's body weight is being supported
0:17:08 > 0:17:10only by the horse tendon.
0:17:10 > 0:17:11But will it hold?
0:17:11 > 0:17:14Three, two, one...
0:17:14 > 0:17:15Lift off!
0:17:19 > 0:17:20- You're airborne!- Whoo!
0:17:23 > 0:17:27That one small tendon is holding the full weight of Zahara.
0:17:27 > 0:17:29That's amazing.
0:17:29 > 0:17:33So, Zahara, were you impressed at how strong the horse tendon was?
0:17:33 > 0:17:35Yes, but it wouldn't be able to carry you two's weight.
0:17:35 > 0:17:39Zahara, you're about to learn the power of the horse tendon.
0:17:39 > 0:17:41We're going up in the crane.
0:17:41 > 0:17:43You guys are crazy!
0:17:43 > 0:17:46We're going to push this horse's tendon to the limit
0:17:46 > 0:17:49and see if it's strong enough to take the weight of not one of us,
0:17:49 > 0:17:51but both of us.
0:17:51 > 0:17:53Good luck.
0:17:53 > 0:17:56Three, two, one...
0:17:56 > 0:17:57Lift off!
0:17:57 > 0:17:59- Whoa!- Whoooaaaa!
0:18:00 > 0:18:04This is incredible, the only thing holding us up is a horse tendon!
0:18:06 > 0:18:12Wow, that one little tendon is taking our combined weight of 180kg.
0:18:12 > 0:18:14It really is the strong as steel.
0:18:15 > 0:18:17We've shown you that tendons
0:18:17 > 0:18:20give you amazing movement and flexibility.
0:18:20 > 0:18:24And just how super-strong they really are.
0:18:24 > 0:18:26- Take us down.- Back to Earth!
0:18:28 > 0:18:31Let's meet our second Ouch Patient, Tola.
0:18:31 > 0:18:32Hello!
0:18:32 > 0:18:34Ten-year-old Tola is on dialysis
0:18:34 > 0:18:36at the Evelina Children's Hospital in London,
0:18:36 > 0:18:38because he has a kidney disease.
0:18:38 > 0:18:41He's waiting for a donor to be matched with him,
0:18:41 > 0:18:43so he can receive a kidney transplant.
0:18:43 > 0:18:47Kidneys act a bit like filters, cleaning your blood.
0:18:47 > 0:18:51This is a dialysis machine, and it's doing the job of Tola's kidneys.
0:18:51 > 0:18:55It will take all my blood from my body,
0:18:55 > 0:18:57clean it in this machine.
0:18:57 > 0:19:00His blood passes through this machine and is cleaned of
0:19:00 > 0:19:05waste products and excess fluid, before flowing back into his body.
0:19:05 > 0:19:07It will help my kidneys function more.
0:19:07 > 0:19:10Tola needs dialysis regularly.
0:19:10 > 0:19:12It takes a long time though, and has to be done in hospital.
0:19:12 > 0:19:14It basically takes four hours.
0:19:14 > 0:19:19In a typical week, I would be here three times a week.
0:19:19 > 0:19:21During this time, Tola has to stay seated,
0:19:21 > 0:19:23and can't move away from the machine.
0:19:23 > 0:19:25I just need to chillax now.
0:19:25 > 0:19:27Ooh, I love a chillax.
0:19:27 > 0:19:29But it's not all chillaxing for Tola.
0:19:29 > 0:19:31Because this dialysis disrupts him going to school,
0:19:31 > 0:19:34school comes to him.
0:19:34 > 0:19:36- This is my teacher.- Hello.
0:19:36 > 0:19:40I'm doing maths, literacy and guided reading.
0:19:40 > 0:19:41And art, sometimes.
0:19:41 > 0:19:43Sometimes cooking, as well.
0:19:43 > 0:19:45Until a kidney donor can be found,
0:19:45 > 0:19:47Tola must continue with his regular treatment.
0:19:47 > 0:19:48BEEPING
0:19:48 > 0:19:51That's the alarm and that means I'm finished with dialysis.
0:19:51 > 0:19:54It's good, it means Tola can head home.
0:19:54 > 0:19:56Find out next time how he's getting on.
0:20:01 > 0:20:04Ooh! That looks nasty, what happened?
0:20:04 > 0:20:07Well, Mr Grumbles and I were playing in the park, when I fell over
0:20:07 > 0:20:08and he stamped on my wrist...
0:20:08 > 0:20:10What?!
0:20:10 > 0:20:12You were playing with Chris without me?!
0:20:12 > 0:20:16- Yeah, we quite often do that, what's the big deal?- Come back here!
0:20:16 > 0:20:18I'm glad you hurt yourself, I'm not surprised, you know.
0:20:18 > 0:20:21- Now, look, give me a hand with this bandage.- No, I've got a better idea.
0:20:21 > 0:20:23Hee-hee-hee-hoo-hooo!
0:20:23 > 0:20:25- What are you doing? - Well, haven't you heard?
0:20:25 > 0:20:28Laughter's meant to be really good for people with pain.
0:20:28 > 0:20:29A-ha-ha-ha-ha-ha!
0:20:29 > 0:20:32That is not how it works.
0:20:32 > 0:20:34Sounds like a case for Investigation Ouch.
0:20:40 > 0:20:43Laughter is something we all do.
0:20:43 > 0:20:45This lot are all part of a laughter club.
0:20:48 > 0:20:51They get together once a week, to really just do one thing
0:20:51 > 0:20:53and one thing only.
0:20:53 > 0:20:55And that is laugh their heads off.
0:20:57 > 0:21:00And there are scientists who believe there are significant medical
0:21:00 > 0:21:03benefits from this kind of laughter.
0:21:04 > 0:21:05Meet...
0:21:05 > 0:21:08..a professor of evolutionary psychology.
0:21:08 > 0:21:10He's very serious.
0:21:10 > 0:21:11About laughter!
0:21:11 > 0:21:14Robin, what have you discovered about laughter?
0:21:14 > 0:21:18When you laugh, the brain is flooded with endorphins.
0:21:18 > 0:21:22So, endorphins are chemicals that make us feel good, is that right?
0:21:22 > 0:21:25- Yes, it helps suppress pain. - Can we test this?
0:21:25 > 0:21:29Oh, we can test that, absolutely, yes. And I have just the plan.
0:21:29 > 0:21:31So, in order to see Professor Robin's theory in action,
0:21:31 > 0:21:33I'm going to need a couple of things.
0:21:33 > 0:21:37First of all, 14 experimental guinea pigs.
0:21:37 > 0:21:39Hello!
0:21:39 > 0:21:42And, secondly, a stand-up comedian.
0:21:42 > 0:21:44That's handy!
0:21:44 > 0:21:46We're going to try and prove that when you laugh,
0:21:46 > 0:21:47you can take more pain.
0:21:47 > 0:21:49Are you ready?
0:21:49 > 0:21:50- Yes!- Here we go.
0:21:50 > 0:21:51Three,
0:21:51 > 0:21:52two,
0:21:52 > 0:21:54one... Go!
0:21:57 > 0:22:00Our guinea pigs have to sit in a chair position against the wall
0:22:00 > 0:22:02until their legs hurt so much
0:22:02 > 0:22:04they can't take the pain any more.
0:22:05 > 0:22:09You can try this at home. It's not as easy as it looks.
0:22:09 > 0:22:12Professor Robin's going to keep track of how long they last,
0:22:12 > 0:22:16and it's not long before our guinea pigs start dropping like flies.
0:22:20 > 0:22:21You're done, that's good.
0:22:21 > 0:22:23These are the last two.
0:22:32 > 0:22:35Our classroom comic making our guinea pigs giggle,
0:22:35 > 0:22:37to increase their endorphin rush.
0:22:40 > 0:22:41Go!
0:22:41 > 0:22:43Let's see how long they last this time,
0:22:43 > 0:22:44after a bellyful of laughter.
0:22:44 > 0:22:48Is the comedy doing anything different to their muscles, at all?
0:22:48 > 0:22:50The comedy's just making them laugh,
0:22:50 > 0:22:52and that's triggering an endorphin response.
0:22:52 > 0:22:55Nothing about their leg muscles has got stronger,
0:22:55 > 0:22:57- it's just that they feel the pain less?- Yes.
0:22:57 > 0:22:58So, pain is in the brain?
0:22:58 > 0:22:59Pain is in the brain.
0:23:01 > 0:23:03Don't give up!
0:23:03 > 0:23:05That's good, that's... Aw!
0:23:05 > 0:23:07Bravo, well done.
0:23:07 > 0:23:08Sit back, lean back... Aw!
0:23:08 > 0:23:10Yes! Yes!
0:23:10 > 0:23:11We have a winner!
0:23:11 > 0:23:12Are you ready?
0:23:12 > 0:23:16Time to look at the results and see if laughter made them last longer.
0:23:16 > 0:23:17Ta-da!
0:23:19 > 0:23:21This table shows how long our guinea pigs lasted
0:23:21 > 0:23:23before the comedy and after.
0:23:23 > 0:23:27The ones in red are the longest times.
0:23:27 > 0:23:31So, what we can see is that almost everyone, except three people,
0:23:31 > 0:23:33got better the second time.
0:23:33 > 0:23:35Even though you were a bit more tired,
0:23:35 > 0:23:37you almost all got better the second time.
0:23:37 > 0:23:38Why do you think that is?
0:23:38 > 0:23:42I think that it distracted us.
0:23:42 > 0:23:44We were thinking about the laughter,
0:23:44 > 0:23:46so we weren't really thinking about how much it hurt.
0:23:46 > 0:23:49Suweyda and Daisy are spot on.
0:23:49 > 0:23:52Our second test showed our guinea pigs didn't feel as much pain.
0:23:52 > 0:23:57They lasted longer due to the endorphin rush released by laughter.
0:23:57 > 0:23:59If there's one thing we've learned today,
0:23:59 > 0:24:02it's the power of jokes can really help you not feel pain.
0:24:02 > 0:24:04So, I've got a bit of a joke for you, OK?
0:24:04 > 0:24:07Two television aerials meet on a roof and they fall in love
0:24:07 > 0:24:09and decide to get married.
0:24:09 > 0:24:10The ceremony wasn't great,
0:24:10 > 0:24:13but the reception was amazing!
0:24:13 > 0:24:16ALL GROAN IN PAIN
0:24:16 > 0:24:17What? I don't understand.
0:24:17 > 0:24:19It's Dr Chris' favourite joke.
0:24:19 > 0:24:23No, it's not, Xand - that was rubbish!
0:24:25 > 0:24:27In the emergency department,
0:24:27 > 0:24:30our next patient has had an unusual accident.
0:24:30 > 0:24:32Luckily, she's in the right place to get it sorted.
0:24:32 > 0:24:34Phee-ew!
0:24:34 > 0:24:35Phee-EW!
0:24:35 > 0:24:37- PHEEEE-EW!- Don't be silly.
0:24:42 > 0:24:45Waiting in A&E is four-year-old Bella Rose.
0:24:45 > 0:24:49I've got a sore hip.
0:24:49 > 0:24:52A sore hip? How has she managed that?
0:24:52 > 0:24:54You're going to love this one, Xand...
0:24:54 > 0:24:57Bella Rose was hanging out with her nine-year-old cousin Connor.
0:24:57 > 0:25:00Sounds cool, was she playing football?
0:25:00 > 0:25:01No, she was dancing.
0:25:01 > 0:25:03- Doing the robot?- No, Xand.
0:25:03 > 0:25:06It must've been Gangnam Style.
0:25:06 > 0:25:09No, Xand, she was break dancing, doing the worm.
0:25:09 > 0:25:10The worm?!
0:25:10 > 0:25:14Yes, Bella Rose was such a wiggly worm that she banged her side
0:25:14 > 0:25:15and hurt her hip.
0:25:15 > 0:25:17BOTH: Ouch!
0:25:17 > 0:25:18Oopsie!
0:25:18 > 0:25:19Oopsie, indeed!
0:25:19 > 0:25:23She never cried or anything after. It was the next day.
0:25:23 > 0:25:25Just to be on the safe side, we always get her checked out,
0:25:25 > 0:25:28because she's got a condition called brittle bone disease,
0:25:28 > 0:25:31so she's more prone to fractures.
0:25:31 > 0:25:34Brittle bone disease, or osteogenesis imperfecta,
0:25:34 > 0:25:37means Bella Rose's bones are very fragile.
0:25:37 > 0:25:40When you're born, your bones develop and grow when a protein
0:25:40 > 0:25:42called collagen is made by your body.
0:25:42 > 0:25:44Collagen gives your bones strength.
0:25:44 > 0:25:47But sometimes, not enough collagen is made,
0:25:47 > 0:25:50and this means bones are weaker and can break more easily,
0:25:50 > 0:25:52which is what can happen to Bella Rose.
0:25:56 > 0:25:58..is on hand to investigate.
0:25:58 > 0:26:00Could you please bend your hip? Well done.
0:26:00 > 0:26:03I'm just going to turn it and, if it's sore,
0:26:03 > 0:26:05you let me know, OK, darling?
0:26:05 > 0:26:10I was just gently moving her leg to try and see where she was most sore.
0:26:10 > 0:26:14If I press it there, is that sore?
0:26:14 > 0:26:15That tickles!
0:26:15 > 0:26:16Ticklish. Right.
0:26:18 > 0:26:21Bella had an X-ray when she first arrived at hospital.
0:26:21 > 0:26:23Dr Wong takes a look.
0:26:23 > 0:26:26This is the thigh bone, which has got a pin in it.
0:26:26 > 0:26:29It seems to be a nice, straight line.
0:26:29 > 0:26:31If you look on this side,
0:26:31 > 0:26:33we can see the nice, straight line has gone.
0:26:33 > 0:26:38It looks as though she's got a fracture in her left hip.
0:26:38 > 0:26:40The question is, is it an older injury,
0:26:40 > 0:26:45or is it one that she's done whilst dancing with her cousin last night?
0:26:45 > 0:26:49To find out, Dr Colin rings Bella Rose's regular doctor.
0:26:49 > 0:26:52While waiting, she does what all poorly people do.
0:26:53 > 0:26:54Nice moves, Bella Rose!
0:26:56 > 0:27:01I've spoken with the bone doctor at Sheffield Children's Hospital.
0:27:01 > 0:27:04She said the injury is an old one.
0:27:04 > 0:27:06Good news, it isn't broken again.
0:27:06 > 0:27:08I think it's just a passing pain,
0:27:08 > 0:27:09hopefully, it'll be all right tonight.
0:27:09 > 0:27:12# Doo-doo-doo! #
0:27:12 > 0:27:13You take care, easy on the dancing!
0:27:13 > 0:27:16I'm going to keep on dancing.
0:27:16 > 0:27:17Good for you!
0:27:17 > 0:27:18Bye-bye, Bella Rose.
0:27:22 > 0:27:25Next time on Operation Ouch: Hospital Takeover...
0:27:25 > 0:27:26HE MAKES RANDOM NOISES
0:27:26 > 0:27:28I'm pitch perfect in the lab...
0:27:30 > 0:27:33I meet the people that make you snooze through surgery...
0:27:33 > 0:27:35They put you into a special kind of sleep,
0:27:35 > 0:27:37it means you don't feel any pain.
0:27:37 > 0:27:39Hey, everybody, it's Dr Xand!
0:27:39 > 0:27:40Oh...
0:27:40 > 0:27:43And who will be triumphant in Operation Takeover?
0:27:43 > 0:27:46That is phenomenally stressful.
0:27:46 > 0:27:48So, we'll see you next time, for more...
0:27:48 > 0:27:50Operation Ouch!
0:27:52 > 0:27:53Chris?!
0:27:53 > 0:27:54Chris!
0:27:57 > 0:27:59Well, it's been a fantastic day.
0:27:59 > 0:28:02It's time for me to get the helicopter home.
0:28:02 > 0:28:03Wait a minute!
0:28:05 > 0:28:06Xand!
0:28:11 > 0:28:12Operation Ouch!