0:00:23 > 0:00:25'He's Dr Chris.'
0:00:25 > 0:00:27'And he's Dr Xand.'
0:00:27 > 0:00:29BOTH: And we're identical twins.
0:00:29 > 0:00:32Well, we were until you grew your beard.
0:00:32 > 0:00:33In this series, we're taking over
0:00:33 > 0:00:36one of the biggest children's hospitals in Europe -
0:00:36 > 0:00:38the amazing Alder Hey in Liverpool.
0:00:39 > 0:00:41We'll go head-to-head as we take on
0:00:41 > 0:00:44some of our hospital's most important jobs.
0:00:44 > 0:00:46This isn't going well.
0:00:46 > 0:00:49Ouch & About hits the wards for more medical mysteries.
0:00:49 > 0:00:53- That is a hole going inside your stomach.- Yes.
0:00:53 > 0:00:56And we'll be meeting our brilliant Ouch! patients
0:00:56 > 0:00:58who come in for regular treatment.
0:00:58 > 0:01:00Hi!
0:01:00 > 0:01:03We've hidden our lab in a top-secret location...
0:01:03 > 0:01:06And our experiments just got...
0:01:06 > 0:01:07HE BELCHES
0:01:07 > 0:01:08..bigger!
0:01:08 > 0:01:10Argh!
0:01:10 > 0:01:12You guys are crazy!
0:01:12 > 0:01:14So, are you ready to join us?
0:01:14 > 0:01:16I have to change my cape.
0:01:19 > 0:01:23- Coming up today on "Operation...- Ouch!"
0:01:27 > 0:01:29We're all revved up over new technology.
0:01:29 > 0:01:30Wow.
0:01:30 > 0:01:32In a 999 panic.
0:01:32 > 0:01:33My friend is unconscious!
0:01:35 > 0:01:37And feeling explosive.
0:01:37 > 0:01:39- Argh! - HE LAUGHS
0:01:39 > 0:01:40But first...
0:01:40 > 0:01:44A&E is the hospital department of surprise.
0:01:44 > 0:01:45ELEVATOR DINGS
0:01:45 > 0:01:47And there's nothing more surprising than this case.
0:01:48 > 0:01:50In Alder Hey's emergency department,
0:01:50 > 0:01:54nine-year-old Oliver is waiting with his mum and dad.
0:01:54 > 0:01:57Oh, he's got lots of gory grazes.
0:01:57 > 0:02:03It hurts around there and my wrist and then my knees.
0:02:03 > 0:02:05And he can't talk properly with that bust lip.
0:02:05 > 0:02:06How did it happen?
0:02:07 > 0:02:10Oliver's just passed his cycling proficiency test.
0:02:10 > 0:02:11Well done, Oliver.
0:02:11 > 0:02:15He celebrated by going on a bike ride with his dad to the park.
0:02:15 > 0:02:19- It's a nice day for it, Chris. - Yes.- This all seems very pleasant.
0:02:19 > 0:02:22- Where's this story going? - I'm about to tell you!
0:02:22 > 0:02:26Oliver was following his dad around the park when he hit a bump,
0:02:26 > 0:02:29- fell off his bike and knocked his knees!- Ouch!
0:02:29 > 0:02:31- And hurt his hands!- Double ouch!
0:02:31 > 0:02:36- And he banged his bonce! BOTH:- Triple ouch!
0:02:36 > 0:02:37It stings.
0:02:37 > 0:02:39- Does it?- There.- Yeah.
0:02:39 > 0:02:42Best get that bruised body seen to...
0:02:42 > 0:02:46..by nurse practitioner Sarah Jackson.
0:02:46 > 0:02:48So how fast were you going on your bike?
0:02:48 > 0:02:51- Quite fast. - Did you have a helmet on?
0:02:51 > 0:02:52- Yes.- Good. That'll have helped.
0:02:53 > 0:02:57Oliver's had a big fall, so every bit of his body needs checking.
0:02:58 > 0:03:01Head, neck, mouth, tummy...
0:03:01 > 0:03:03We just always have to be careful with bikes,
0:03:03 > 0:03:06- cos handlebars can end up in the stomach sometimes.- Yeah.
0:03:06 > 0:03:08The list is endless.
0:03:08 > 0:03:09- Ow.- Is that sore?
0:03:09 > 0:03:13- Yeah, there.- The left arm is sore, so he'll need an X-ray.
0:03:13 > 0:03:16His right side, he's going to need an X-ray of that.
0:03:16 > 0:03:19His right leg is tender on his kneecap,
0:03:19 > 0:03:20so he'll need an X-ray of that.
0:03:20 > 0:03:25Crikey, Chris - it'd be quicker to mention where Oliver's NOT hurt!
0:03:25 > 0:03:27- Ooh.- Let's get to X-ray and make it snappy.
0:03:30 > 0:03:33Nice and still, OK? No wiggling, no giggling, OK?
0:03:33 > 0:03:37BEEPING
0:03:37 > 0:03:40This sounds like a supermarket checkout!
0:03:40 > 0:03:44Find out later if any of those banged bones are broken.
0:03:49 > 0:03:51In hospital, it's not just the doctors and nurses
0:03:51 > 0:03:53who help to get you fixed.
0:03:53 > 0:03:57There are lots of other heroes working behind the scenes.
0:03:57 > 0:04:00- Yes!- What will happen when we have a go at their amazing jobs?
0:04:00 > 0:04:02Welcome to The Dr Chris Show.
0:04:02 > 0:04:04Useless.
0:04:04 > 0:04:07This is Operation Takeover.
0:04:07 > 0:04:11Today's hospital heroes are 999 call handlers Laura and Fiona
0:04:11 > 0:04:13from the East Midlands Ambulance Service.
0:04:13 > 0:04:18They're part of a team that sends out over 600,000 ambulances
0:04:18 > 0:04:21every year, saving lives every hour of every day.
0:04:21 > 0:04:24Wow, let's get ready for a 999 boot camp.
0:04:24 > 0:04:27How many calls do you get in a typical day?
0:04:27 > 0:04:31That can vary and every day is very different.
0:04:31 > 0:04:34Today, for instance, it's now nearly eight o'clock
0:04:34 > 0:04:36and we've taken 1,537 calls.
0:04:36 > 0:04:38- Wow.- And out of that,
0:04:38 > 0:04:4186% of those have been picked up within five seconds.
0:04:41 > 0:04:43- Five seconds?- Five seconds.- Wow.
0:04:43 > 0:04:46What I find amazing about being in this room
0:04:46 > 0:04:49is that it is a very calm, quite relaxed environment,
0:04:49 > 0:04:52and yet I know that almost everyone on the phone in this room
0:04:52 > 0:04:56is having a phone call with someone who's having a terrible day.
0:04:56 > 0:04:59Yes, even though it could be their 40th, 50th call of the day,
0:04:59 > 0:05:01the person they're speaking to,
0:05:01 > 0:05:03chances are it's the first time and maybe only time
0:05:03 > 0:05:05they will ever make this 999 call.
0:05:05 > 0:05:08Our call handlers have to make sure that they keep them calm
0:05:08 > 0:05:10and help them through it.
0:05:10 > 0:05:12One person who knows just what it's like
0:05:12 > 0:05:15to be on the other end of the phone is seven-year-old Hannah,
0:05:15 > 0:05:18who dialled 999 to help her sister Aimee.
0:05:18 > 0:05:20And this is nurse Chris and call handler Lisa
0:05:20 > 0:05:22who helped her through it.
0:05:22 > 0:05:26- CALL RECORDING:- 'Ambulance service. Tell me exactly what's happened.'
0:05:26 > 0:05:29- HANNAH:- 'Well, my sister has gone funny.
0:05:29 > 0:05:32'She can't see anything. She's gone really pale.'
0:05:32 > 0:05:36'I'm going to pass you through to one of our clinicians, all right?'
0:05:36 > 0:05:37'Hannah, it's Chris.
0:05:37 > 0:05:39'I'm a nurse at the ambulance service
0:05:39 > 0:05:42'and I would like you to ask Mummy to lie your sister down on the floor
0:05:42 > 0:05:44'with her feet up on something.'
0:05:44 > 0:05:48'She needs to lie flat with her feet up on something.
0:05:48 > 0:05:50'She's going a bit red.'
0:05:50 > 0:05:54'Good. Well, the ambulance are there now to help make your sister better,
0:05:54 > 0:05:56'all right? How old are you, sweetheart?'
0:05:56 > 0:05:59- 'I'm seven.' - 'Well done.'
0:05:59 > 0:06:03It turned out Aimee had a virus and she made a total recovery.
0:06:03 > 0:06:06Wow. What an amazing call!
0:06:06 > 0:06:08Was it difficult, making the phone call?
0:06:08 > 0:06:11Yeah. I was really scared and I was literally standing there
0:06:11 > 0:06:15- and shaking like mad. - You didn't sound nervous at all.
0:06:15 > 0:06:18Chris, were you very surprised when you found out
0:06:18 > 0:06:19that Hannah was seven years old?
0:06:19 > 0:06:23Absolutely amazed, because she was actually, to be honest,
0:06:23 > 0:06:25a lot better than a lot of the adults that we speak to!
0:06:25 > 0:06:26What do you think, Aimee?
0:06:26 > 0:06:30I don't think anyone would have done as good as she did.
0:06:30 > 0:06:33If you ever need to make a 999 call like Hannah,
0:06:33 > 0:06:35here are the things you need to do.
0:06:35 > 0:06:38Number one, know your address or where you are.
0:06:38 > 0:06:41Number two, clearly describe what happened.
0:06:41 > 0:06:44And number three, keep calm and listen.
0:06:45 > 0:06:47We've seen how the professionals do it.
0:06:47 > 0:06:50Time for us to take over as 999 call handlers.
0:06:51 > 0:06:55Our mission is to handle a major emergency.
0:06:55 > 0:06:58Well, Xand, it's a fake call with Fiona and her mate Doris,
0:06:58 > 0:07:00- who's a dummy.- Ooh, hello, Doris!
0:07:00 > 0:07:03I'm just trying to get in the right frame of mind for this challenge
0:07:03 > 0:07:06and just practise my calm, reassuring voice.
0:07:06 > 0:07:09Ambulance! I don't know exactly what's happening!
0:07:09 > 0:07:10Xand, Xand, you're doing this all wrong.
0:07:10 > 0:07:13Let me do it. You've got to stay calm, OK? Watch this.
0:07:13 > 0:07:15SHRIEKING: Ambulance! Ambulance!
0:07:15 > 0:07:17- That sounded pretty good, actually. - That sounded better.
0:07:17 > 0:07:18I feel relaxed. I feel good.
0:07:18 > 0:07:20- I feel good about that. - I think we're ready.
0:07:22 > 0:07:25'To help us, we have the 999 protocol book.
0:07:25 > 0:07:29'This contains all the rules for giving medical help over the phone.'
0:07:29 > 0:07:31But what can possibly go wrong?
0:07:31 > 0:07:35Remember, never call 999 unless you have a genuine emergency.
0:07:35 > 0:07:37Ambulance, tell me exactly what happened.
0:07:37 > 0:07:40My friend is unconscious! She's not awake!
0:07:40 > 0:07:41She's not awake.
0:07:42 > 0:07:45What is the address of the emergency?
0:07:45 > 0:07:48- Swan Street.- Swan Street. OK, thank you very much.
0:07:48 > 0:07:50Can you see if her chest is moving
0:07:50 > 0:07:54- or can you put your hand over her mouth?- My hand over her mouth?
0:07:54 > 0:07:57'Er, not sure that's going to help, Xand.'
0:07:57 > 0:08:00OK, so I just need you to answer a few more questions.
0:08:00 > 0:08:03Erm...
0:08:03 > 0:08:04'Time-wasting, Chris!'
0:08:04 > 0:08:08Place the heel of your hand on the breastbone
0:08:08 > 0:08:13and pump the chest hard and fast 30 times, twice per second.
0:08:13 > 0:08:14'Feeling the pressure, Xand?'
0:08:14 > 0:08:18Now I want you to place your hand on her forehead
0:08:18 > 0:08:21and put your other hand under his neck.
0:08:21 > 0:08:23My friend is a girl!
0:08:23 > 0:08:25- Sorry. - 'Poor Doris!'
0:08:25 > 0:08:26There's an ambulance on the way.
0:08:26 > 0:08:29- You're doing a really good... - It's not working!
0:08:29 > 0:08:31- She's not waking up, help me! - 'This is a nightmare!'
0:08:31 > 0:08:34Stay calm and just focus on doing this properly.
0:08:34 > 0:08:37'That's the best thing you can do for your friend at the moment.'
0:08:37 > 0:08:39Nothing's happening, she's not waking up!
0:08:39 > 0:08:41'Please make the ambulance arrive!'
0:08:41 > 0:08:44Keep giving the breaths and keep giving the 30 pumps.
0:08:44 > 0:08:45The ambulance is here!
0:08:45 > 0:08:47I'll go and let them in.
0:08:47 > 0:08:50OK, hand over the patient... LINE GOES DEAD
0:08:50 > 0:08:52Oh, they've hung up.
0:08:52 > 0:08:54Oh, she's hung up on me.
0:08:55 > 0:08:56So that was extremely stressful.
0:08:56 > 0:08:58I've all the instructions written down,
0:08:58 > 0:09:00I know it's Fiona in the other room,
0:09:00 > 0:09:01I know it's not a real patient,
0:09:01 > 0:09:05and I made what I think was basically a complete mess of that.
0:09:05 > 0:09:07What an amazing job.
0:09:07 > 0:09:09Let's get the verdict.
0:09:09 > 0:09:10I need to lie down.
0:09:10 > 0:09:14Three, two, one, vote.
0:09:14 > 0:09:16- What? - WOMEN LAUGH
0:09:16 > 0:09:18- Sorry.- So what clinched it for Xand?
0:09:18 > 0:09:21He got to CPR instructions much faster.
0:09:21 > 0:09:25- Right.- I mean, I still took possibly a fatally long time.
0:09:25 > 0:09:31Well, both of you had quite big pauses within the call.
0:09:31 > 0:09:34In their, you know, moment of need, gaps are not good.
0:09:34 > 0:09:38I think it's best that we leave handling the 999 calls
0:09:38 > 0:09:41- up to you guys.- Thank you. - Thank you.- Thanks a lot.- Thank you.
0:09:42 > 0:09:44BEEPING
0:09:47 > 0:09:50I'm hitting the wards with my Ouch bleeper.
0:09:50 > 0:09:51BLEEPING
0:09:51 > 0:09:54Because we've brought Ouch & About inside the hospital.
0:09:54 > 0:09:55Wow!
0:09:55 > 0:09:57- Dr Xand!- Oh!
0:09:57 > 0:10:00And I'm hitting the streets to answer your medical mysteries.
0:10:00 > 0:10:03'In the hospital, Chris has his first call.'
0:10:03 > 0:10:05BLEEPING Oh! A question!
0:10:05 > 0:10:08'It's from Jessica, who has had an operation on her hip.'
0:10:08 > 0:10:09Hi, Jessica, how are you?
0:10:09 > 0:10:13- Hello.- I got a message on my bleeper saying you had a question for me.
0:10:13 > 0:10:16Yes, what's it like operating on children?
0:10:16 > 0:10:18'What's the diagnosis, Doc?'
0:10:18 > 0:10:21Sounds like a case of "what's it like operating on children"-itis.
0:10:21 > 0:10:23'I couldn't have put it better myself.'
0:10:23 > 0:10:25Where did your question come from?
0:10:25 > 0:10:27Well, because I've been operated on quite a few times.
0:10:27 > 0:10:31I was wondering, like, what it's like for the doctors.
0:10:31 > 0:10:34Do they get, like, worked up before they do it,
0:10:34 > 0:10:36just in case anything goes wrong and it's their fault?
0:10:36 > 0:10:39- So do surgeons get nervous before operations?- Yeah.
0:10:39 > 0:10:41OK, well, I can answer that a bit,
0:10:41 > 0:10:43because I trained as a surgeon for two years
0:10:43 > 0:10:46and the kind of surgeons that operate on you don't get nervous
0:10:46 > 0:10:50before big operations, because they're so experienced
0:10:50 > 0:10:54and good that, for them, as weird as it sounds,
0:10:54 > 0:10:56it is just another day in the office,
0:10:56 > 0:10:59and, usually, there's more than one surgeon in the room.
0:10:59 > 0:11:02- Yeah, cos I had two consultants. - You had two consultants?- Yeah.
0:11:02 > 0:11:06OK. Surgeons are part of a really big team of people,
0:11:06 > 0:11:07all of whom are working very hard
0:11:07 > 0:11:09to make sure that everything goes right.
0:11:09 > 0:11:13I think you have earned yourself an "Operation Ouch!" sticker.
0:11:13 > 0:11:14APPLAUSE Can I put this on your hip?
0:11:14 > 0:11:18- Yeah.- Let's put it on like that.
0:11:18 > 0:11:19Thank you, Dr Chris.
0:11:21 > 0:11:24'I'm Ouch & About on the street, waiting for the next question.'
0:11:24 > 0:11:26Dr Xand, Dr Xand!
0:11:26 > 0:11:28How do people get double joints?
0:11:28 > 0:11:29- Are you double-jointed?- No.
0:11:29 > 0:11:31Have you got friends who are double-jointed?
0:11:31 > 0:11:33My friend, she can twist her hand all the way round.
0:11:33 > 0:11:38OK, so your joints are held together by ligaments,
0:11:38 > 0:11:40and ligaments connect bones to bones.
0:11:40 > 0:11:43Ligaments are made of a very tough tissue called collagen.
0:11:43 > 0:11:45It's the stretchy, elastic bit of your body
0:11:45 > 0:11:48that allows you to sort of be a bit rubbery,
0:11:48 > 0:11:50the way that humans are,
0:11:50 > 0:11:52and, basically, people have different kinds of collagen.
0:11:52 > 0:11:53'If you've got very tough collagen
0:11:53 > 0:11:55'that holds your joints tightly together,
0:11:55 > 0:11:58'you won't be double-jointed or very flexible,
0:11:58 > 0:12:00'and if you have got very stretchy collagen,
0:12:00 > 0:12:02'you'll be more likely to be double-jointed.'
0:12:02 > 0:12:04- Does that make sense? - Yes.- Oh, good stuff.
0:12:04 > 0:12:06- All right.- Thanks, Dr Xand. - That's all right, Maram.
0:12:08 > 0:12:12'Back in the hospital, I've had a question from Connor.'
0:12:12 > 0:12:15Connor, hi, my bleeper went off. What's your question?
0:12:15 > 0:12:17Have you ever treated anyone with septic arthritis?
0:12:17 > 0:12:20- That is a great question. - 'What's the diagnosis, Doc?'
0:12:20 > 0:12:22It sounds like you have a case of
0:12:22 > 0:12:25"I want to know if Dr Chris has ever treated anyone
0:12:25 > 0:12:27"with septic arthritis"...itis.
0:12:27 > 0:12:28'That's quite a mouthful!'
0:12:28 > 0:12:31So, the answer is yes, because I'm an infection doctor,
0:12:31 > 0:12:33when I'm not presenting "Operation Ouch!".
0:12:33 > 0:12:34So is that what you had?
0:12:34 > 0:12:37- Yes.- So what did the doctors and surgeons here do?
0:12:38 > 0:12:42They gave me two operations and washed out my bone.
0:12:42 > 0:12:46That's right, because, unlike lots of other bits of your body,
0:12:46 > 0:12:49your joints aren't very good at getting rid of infections.
0:12:49 > 0:12:52The inside of your joints should always be sterile
0:12:52 > 0:12:55and if there are bacteria in there, they have to be washed out.
0:12:55 > 0:12:57So, did you get a big scar from the operation?
0:12:57 > 0:12:58- Yeah.- Go on, let's have a look.
0:13:01 > 0:13:04Oh, wow, and has your leg healed up fully now?
0:13:04 > 0:13:06- Yes.- What can you now do?
0:13:06 > 0:13:10- I can do Brazilian jujitsu. - He can do Brazilian jujitsu.
0:13:10 > 0:13:11Do you want to show me what you can do?
0:13:11 > 0:13:13- Hi-yah!- Argh!
0:13:13 > 0:13:15- 'I'm out of here!' - 'Not so fast!'
0:13:15 > 0:13:17But one thing - you need your sticker.
0:13:17 > 0:13:20- Bye!- Bye-bye, Dr Chris.
0:13:21 > 0:13:23Job done for today. Clinic closed.
0:13:28 > 0:13:31Earlier, we met Oliver, who'd had a bike accident.
0:13:31 > 0:13:33Let's head back to accident and emergency.
0:13:34 > 0:13:37What? I said back, not backwards!
0:13:37 > 0:13:38What are you doing?
0:13:41 > 0:13:45Nine-year-old Oliver was battered and bruised after a bike accident.
0:13:46 > 0:13:49Oliver was following dad around the park when he hit a bump
0:13:49 > 0:13:51and fell off, knocking his knees,
0:13:51 > 0:13:53hurting his hands and banging his bonce.
0:13:54 > 0:13:57Oliver is waiting to find out if he's got any broken bones.
0:13:57 > 0:14:00Cue nurse practitioner Sarah.
0:14:00 > 0:14:02Right, the good news is,
0:14:02 > 0:14:05- I can't see any fractures at all on any of those X-rays.- Great.
0:14:05 > 0:14:07I had a really good look at them,
0:14:07 > 0:14:09so his wrist, his hand and his leg are fine.
0:14:09 > 0:14:11He's been very, very lucky,
0:14:11 > 0:14:14and obviously having that helmet on has obviously protected his head.
0:14:14 > 0:14:16Oliver's cuts need cleaning, which could sting,
0:14:16 > 0:14:19so he's given some gas and air to help relieve the pain.
0:14:24 > 0:14:26Nurse Karen gives those wounds a good wipe
0:14:26 > 0:14:27to get rid of all the dirt...
0:14:29 > 0:14:32..then he's bandaged up and on the mend.
0:14:34 > 0:14:35How are you feeling, Oliver?
0:14:35 > 0:14:41It feels easier to talk now and not as stiff on my face.
0:14:41 > 0:14:43That's good news, so everything's better now?
0:14:43 > 0:14:46No, cos I can't stay off school.
0:14:46 > 0:14:47LAUGHTER
0:14:47 > 0:14:51I said, "If there's any breaks in those X-rays, a day off school."
0:14:51 > 0:14:52There's no breaks, kiddo.
0:14:52 > 0:14:54Back to school.
0:14:54 > 0:14:55Too bad, fella!
0:14:55 > 0:14:58- Hop along. - That's right, on your bike.
0:14:58 > 0:15:00Hmm, maybe not.
0:15:00 > 0:15:01BOTH: Bye!
0:15:04 > 0:15:05Still to come...
0:15:05 > 0:15:07our lab's banging...
0:15:07 > 0:15:09- Argh! - LAUGHTER
0:15:09 > 0:15:11..there's a twist in a wrist...
0:15:11 > 0:15:13It really hurts down there.
0:15:13 > 0:15:16..and it's full speed ahead to improve patients' lives.
0:15:16 > 0:15:17It'll be great for the future.
0:15:17 > 0:15:18But first...
0:15:31 > 0:15:34That's a really bad idea, Xand.
0:15:34 > 0:15:36Well, the answer is B,
0:15:36 > 0:15:39you can only survive without oxygen for up to three minutes,
0:15:39 > 0:15:42because it's vital for almost every chemical reaction
0:15:42 > 0:15:46happening in every cell in your body at every moment of the day.
0:15:49 > 0:15:51'And now to our lab, but this time,
0:15:51 > 0:15:54'we've hidden it in a top-secret location.
0:15:54 > 0:15:57'So secret, in fact, that even Xand doesn't know where it is.'
0:16:01 > 0:16:03It's time for some amazing experiments.
0:16:03 > 0:16:06Just don't try anything you see here at home.
0:16:06 > 0:16:08Today, we're looking at oxygen.
0:16:11 > 0:16:13Xand, have you seen my stethoscope?
0:16:14 > 0:16:16I've been looking for it everywhere.
0:16:16 > 0:16:18- Xand!- Oh, hello, Chris!
0:16:18 > 0:16:19I borrowed your stethoscope.
0:16:19 > 0:16:21I can see that, but why?
0:16:21 > 0:16:23I'm counting the number of breaths I'm taking
0:16:23 > 0:16:27so that I can find out how much oxygen my body can extract
0:16:27 > 0:16:28from the air in a day.
0:16:28 > 0:16:31So far I'm at 8,229.
0:16:32 > 0:16:358,230!
0:16:35 > 0:16:38By my calculations, by the end of today,
0:16:38 > 0:16:40I'll have taken 19,000 breaths.
0:16:40 > 0:16:42That's pretty amazing, isn't it?
0:16:42 > 0:16:45That is amazing, but, Xand, if you really want to know
0:16:45 > 0:16:49how much oxygen you can get out of the air we breathe...
0:16:49 > 0:16:52- I do! I do! - ..you're going to need to use
0:16:52 > 0:16:55a breath by breath gas analysis system.
0:16:55 > 0:16:57Oh. Well, if only we had one of those.
0:16:57 > 0:16:58- I do, it's over here.- What?!
0:17:00 > 0:17:04'This machine will show us how much oxygen Xand breathes in from the air
0:17:04 > 0:17:07'and how much his body actually absorbs in one minute.'
0:17:09 > 0:17:13OK, Xand, you can take the mask off and stop breathing.
0:17:13 > 0:17:17So your breathing frequency is 20, ventilation 9.5 and CO2 is 0.3.
0:17:17 > 0:17:19All clear?
0:17:19 > 0:17:21No. I don't understand what any of that means!
0:17:21 > 0:17:24OK, perhaps I'd better explain this in terms of cans of air.
0:17:24 > 0:17:26Come over here, Xand.
0:17:28 > 0:17:30Now, the machine told us that in one minute,
0:17:30 > 0:17:33you breathed 9.5 litres of air.
0:17:33 > 0:17:35That's the equivalent of these 27 cans.
0:17:35 > 0:17:39Brilliant! I've always wanted 27 cans of air!
0:17:39 > 0:17:41So I get to keep all these cans?
0:17:41 > 0:17:44Uh-uh-uh, no, Xand. Air is only 20% oxygen.
0:17:44 > 0:17:48The rest is made up of other gases like nitrogen and carbon dioxide.
0:17:49 > 0:17:54So, in fact, of the 27 cans, only these six have oxygen in them,
0:17:54 > 0:17:57so I'll just take these ones away.
0:17:57 > 0:18:00Great! So I get to keep six cans of oxygen.
0:18:00 > 0:18:04No, because your body can't soak up oxygen that quickly.
0:18:04 > 0:18:06The machine shows that in one minute,
0:18:06 > 0:18:08you only absorbed one can's worth.
0:18:08 > 0:18:10One lousy can?!
0:18:10 > 0:18:11Well, this is completely useless!
0:18:11 > 0:18:14What am I meant to do with one little can of oxygen?
0:18:14 > 0:18:18Well, actually, Xand, you would be amazed at what your body can do with
0:18:18 > 0:18:19one can's worth of oxygen.
0:18:19 > 0:18:21Come on, Xand, I'll show you.
0:18:23 > 0:18:26'Oxygen is used in chemical reactions in your body
0:18:26 > 0:18:27'to create energy.
0:18:27 > 0:18:31'You need energy for everything you do - walking, eating...'
0:18:31 > 0:18:33'And skipping!'
0:18:33 > 0:18:34'Er, yes, Xand.
0:18:34 > 0:18:38'So, do you want to see how oxygen helps to make energy?'
0:18:38 > 0:18:39'Yes, please!'
0:18:39 > 0:18:42'Good. Let's blow stuff up.
0:18:42 > 0:18:44'Firstly, I've filled this balloon with hydrogen,
0:18:44 > 0:18:48'because it's a gas that burns well in air without extra oxygen,
0:18:48 > 0:18:50'so you can see the difference later.'
0:18:54 > 0:18:56- Oh!- Ooh!
0:18:56 > 0:18:57What did you think of that, Xand?
0:18:57 > 0:18:59That was really good.
0:18:59 > 0:19:01It was... It was really good.
0:19:01 > 0:19:04Look, I don't want to hurt your feelings, but it wasn't great.
0:19:04 > 0:19:06Well, that, Xand,
0:19:06 > 0:19:08is because I didn't add your little can of oxygen.
0:19:08 > 0:19:11Do you really think this little can of oxygen would make a difference?
0:19:11 > 0:19:15Yes. At the moment, the hydrogen can only burn
0:19:15 > 0:19:18using the oxygen in the air around the balloon.
0:19:18 > 0:19:21If we put that can of oxygen inside the balloon,
0:19:21 > 0:19:22everything will happen a lot quicker.
0:19:22 > 0:19:26OK, in three, two, one...
0:19:27 > 0:19:30Oh! That was great!
0:19:30 > 0:19:31That's amazing!
0:19:31 > 0:19:35Just from adding that tiny amount of oxygen.
0:19:35 > 0:19:38In your body, of course, you don't have an explosion,
0:19:38 > 0:19:41but the fact that you do have lots of oxygen in your cells
0:19:41 > 0:19:45means that all the reactions happen very efficiently and quickly,
0:19:45 > 0:19:48- and release lots of energy. - You know what this means, Chris?
0:19:48 > 0:19:53- What, Xand?- We should add a lot more oxygen, like, ten minutes' worth!
0:19:53 > 0:19:55- Are you ready?- I'm ready!
0:19:55 > 0:19:57Three, two, one...
0:19:57 > 0:19:59Argh!
0:20:02 > 0:20:04- That's amazing. - That's really good, isn't it?
0:20:04 > 0:20:07I feel like my whole face has been slapped.
0:20:07 > 0:20:09Very, very powerful shock wave.
0:20:09 > 0:20:13So, we've shown you how much oxygen your body absorbs from the air,
0:20:13 > 0:20:15and even though it's only a small percentage,
0:20:15 > 0:20:16that oxygen is vital
0:20:16 > 0:20:20to making reactions in your body happen efficiently.
0:20:20 > 0:20:23You know, this oxygen stuff is amazing.
0:20:23 > 0:20:25I'm going to try and get me some more of it.
0:20:26 > 0:20:28HE BREATHES DEEPLY
0:20:34 > 0:20:36Our next patient today was turned upside down
0:20:36 > 0:20:38when they had an unusual accident.
0:20:38 > 0:20:40Well, let's meet them.
0:20:43 > 0:20:46Waiting to be seen by the doctor is ten-year-old Isla, with her mum.
0:20:46 > 0:20:50I've hurt my wrist, yeah, and it's really sore.
0:20:50 > 0:20:53She's doing a great job of elevating her hand with that hoodie.
0:20:53 > 0:20:55I wonder where she got that from.
0:20:55 > 0:20:57I was watching a few episodes of Operation Ouch,
0:20:57 > 0:21:01and I saw it, so I tried it and it worked.
0:21:01 > 0:21:04Excellent work! You could be a doctor at this rate.
0:21:04 > 0:21:05But how did it happen?
0:21:05 > 0:21:09Isla was on holiday with her family in Sherwood Forest.
0:21:09 > 0:21:11- Ooh, home of Robin Hood! - That's right, Xand.
0:21:11 > 0:21:13I can picture it now...
0:21:13 > 0:21:16# Robin Hood, Robin Hood riding through the glen... #
0:21:16 > 0:21:18Actually, Xand, Isla was playing hide and seek.
0:21:18 > 0:21:21# Robin Hood, Robin Hood with his band of men... #
0:21:21 > 0:21:24No, Xand, she was with her friends, and there were no horses.
0:21:24 > 0:21:26She was at a leisure centre in the forest
0:21:26 > 0:21:29when, all of a sudden, she jumped onto a stool and fell off.
0:21:29 > 0:21:33- Oh.- And look - she's landed on her wrist.
0:21:33 > 0:21:34- BOTH:- Ouch!
0:21:35 > 0:21:37It's straight down to X-ray
0:21:37 > 0:21:40for Isla to get some pics of that jarred joint.
0:21:40 > 0:21:42OK, Isla, all finished.
0:21:42 > 0:21:44With the X-rays out of the way,
0:21:44 > 0:21:47here to look at her hurt hand is Dr Daniel Murray.
0:21:47 > 0:21:50Let's have a look. Let's roll that sleeve right up, OK?
0:21:50 > 0:21:54Dr Daniel checks to see where Isla is most sore.
0:21:54 > 0:21:55Did you win at hide and seek?
0:21:55 > 0:21:57- No.- No.
0:21:57 > 0:21:59That adds insult to injury.
0:21:59 > 0:22:01Make a fist for me, tight as you can.
0:22:01 > 0:22:04- It really hurts down there. - Hurts down there. OK.
0:22:04 > 0:22:05Straighten it out.
0:22:05 > 0:22:06Is that hurting a wee bit?
0:22:06 > 0:22:08OK. Very good. OK.
0:22:08 > 0:22:10- And I understand you've been round for an X-ray?- Yeah.
0:22:10 > 0:22:11Well, I'll look at your X-ray,
0:22:11 > 0:22:15- and I'll pop back and have a chat with you and Mum, OK?- OK.- All right.
0:22:15 > 0:22:17So what's the diagnosis, Doc?
0:22:17 > 0:22:20Just round about here, is where she was tender,
0:22:20 > 0:22:22and that looks completely normal, OK?
0:22:22 > 0:22:23If you look down there
0:22:23 > 0:22:25to see if there's any sort of steps or breaks in the bone,
0:22:25 > 0:22:28and I can't see anything obvious there.
0:22:28 > 0:22:31To me, it looks like a normal, normal X-ray.
0:22:31 > 0:22:35So she's most likely just sprained her wrist when she's fallen on it.
0:22:35 > 0:22:37There are 13 bones in your wrist.
0:22:37 > 0:22:39Between these bones are ligaments.
0:22:39 > 0:22:43They're like strong elastic bands which connect bones to one another.
0:22:43 > 0:22:46When too much pressure is put on a part of your body,
0:22:46 > 0:22:47like falling on your wrist,
0:22:47 > 0:22:50these ligaments can get stretched, twisted or torn.
0:22:50 > 0:22:54It's called a sprain, and this is what happened to Isla.
0:22:54 > 0:22:56Just giving it some rest, OK?
0:22:56 > 0:22:58And regular painkillers.
0:22:58 > 0:22:59Do you do sports at school?
0:22:59 > 0:23:02- Yeah, we do PE.- You do PE, OK.
0:23:02 > 0:23:04I'd probably give that a miss for the week.
0:23:04 > 0:23:07OK? Just to give it a chance to rest.
0:23:07 > 0:23:09Isla doesn't look overly happy about that, Xand.
0:23:09 > 0:23:13I'm sad I'm not allowed to do dancing, erm, sports.
0:23:13 > 0:23:16And have we learned any lessons from this?
0:23:16 > 0:23:18Don't jump on a chair.
0:23:19 > 0:23:21We'll bear that in mind.
0:23:21 > 0:23:22- BOTH:- Bye, Isla!
0:23:29 > 0:23:31Come on. Temperature!
0:23:31 > 0:23:33Temperature! I need my temperature!
0:23:33 > 0:23:35Xand, what are you doing?
0:23:35 > 0:23:38I'm trying to get this little car to take my temperature.
0:23:38 > 0:23:39I can see that, but why?
0:23:39 > 0:23:42Haven't you heard? It's this whole new system.
0:23:42 > 0:23:45Patients are using Formula One car technology
0:23:45 > 0:23:49- to monitor their vital signs. - Yes, Xand, I HAVE heard of this,
0:23:49 > 0:23:52and it IS true, patients are getting their vital signs monitored
0:23:52 > 0:23:54by Formula One race car technology -
0:23:54 > 0:23:56but this is obviously not how it works.
0:23:56 > 0:23:59You're right! I need a real car.
0:23:59 > 0:24:01Sounds like a case for Investigation Ouch.
0:24:04 > 0:24:06It seems totally bizarre,
0:24:06 > 0:24:09but taking a patient's vital signs could be helped by a car.
0:24:09 > 0:24:13So, I'm heading off in the fast lane to meet the motors.
0:24:13 > 0:24:16And I'm starting off with a pit stop on the wards to meet Matt,
0:24:16 > 0:24:18who's just had a heart operation.
0:24:18 > 0:24:20You've got a lot of different monitoring
0:24:20 > 0:24:22going on here at the moment.
0:24:22 > 0:24:24Can we see how many wires are on your chest?
0:24:24 > 0:24:29Matt is wired up to a monitor to check his vital signs.
0:24:29 > 0:24:32Vital signs are important bits of information about a patient,
0:24:32 > 0:24:34such as oxygen levels and heart rate.
0:24:34 > 0:24:36Are you allowed to unplug yourself at all?
0:24:36 > 0:24:40What I have to do is I have to get my nurse. They'll take this off...
0:24:40 > 0:24:45Doctors and nurses write down Matt's vitals by hand on a chart.
0:24:45 > 0:24:47This system's time consuming for the staff
0:24:47 > 0:24:50and, more importantly, uncomfortable for Matt.
0:24:50 > 0:24:53So at the moment, for you, basically,
0:24:53 > 0:24:55leaving the bed is a real hassle.
0:24:55 > 0:24:56Yes.
0:24:56 > 0:24:58Chris, this is where the cars come in!
0:25:01 > 0:25:04In Formula One, monitoring systems have gone up a gear.
0:25:05 > 0:25:07This is Dr Adam Hill.
0:25:07 > 0:25:09He is the chief medical officer at McLaren,
0:25:09 > 0:25:13and works out how Formula One technology can be used in hospitals.
0:25:13 > 0:25:15What a cool job.
0:25:15 > 0:25:19So how much is a Formula One car like a human being?
0:25:19 > 0:25:22Well, Formula One cars are incredibly complex devices.
0:25:22 > 0:25:25They have an engine, a bit like our hearts.
0:25:25 > 0:25:27They have a need to breathe, a bit like our lungs,
0:25:27 > 0:25:30and they're incredibly intelligent.
0:25:30 > 0:25:32Just like me! And the healthier the car...
0:25:34 > 0:25:35..the faster it goes.
0:25:35 > 0:25:38So, just like a patient, its vital signs are monitored.
0:25:40 > 0:25:43We use little gadgets like this
0:25:43 > 0:25:49that collect information at up to 960,000 times every single second,
0:25:49 > 0:25:50from a single sensor.
0:25:50 > 0:25:52Wow! That is amazing.
0:25:54 > 0:25:56The F1 system is wireless...
0:25:56 > 0:26:00efficient and fast.
0:26:00 > 0:26:02If only the hospital had something like this!
0:26:02 > 0:26:05Well, Dr Adam has worked with Birmingham Children's Hospital
0:26:05 > 0:26:08to create a new system. It's a world first.
0:26:08 > 0:26:11It's brand-new, and I'm going to try it out.
0:26:11 > 0:26:13- Alex, that's it, now. - Yes, that's it now.- It's flashing.
0:26:13 > 0:26:16- It's flashing.- It's sending the signal to the monitor.- Yeah.
0:26:16 > 0:26:18It has one sensor doing the same job
0:26:18 > 0:26:21as the six that Matt is hooked up to.
0:26:21 > 0:26:24The results are instantly available on a computer monitor.
0:26:24 > 0:26:25Bye-bye, charts!
0:26:27 > 0:26:31Plus, it's wireless - I can walk anywhere.
0:26:31 > 0:26:32Even do a few press ups, if I like.
0:26:34 > 0:26:36You're doing very well, Chris.
0:26:36 > 0:26:39All this time, it's recording my vital signs.
0:26:39 > 0:26:40Perfect.
0:26:40 > 0:26:43And then I can download my results when I get back -
0:26:43 > 0:26:46even though I was jumping at the other end of the hospital,
0:26:46 > 0:26:48the computer knows what I've been up to.
0:26:48 > 0:26:51The hope is that children will be able to go home with this system
0:26:51 > 0:26:53and they will be able to take one of these tablets with them,
0:26:53 > 0:26:55so we can log on from the hospital
0:26:55 > 0:26:57and see what's happening in their homes.
0:26:58 > 0:27:01This would be life-changing for patients like Matt.
0:27:01 > 0:27:02How much easier with you find it
0:27:02 > 0:27:04if you could just wear that new monitor?
0:27:04 > 0:27:07A lot - seriously, I would lose a lot of these wires.
0:27:07 > 0:27:09It's small, compact,
0:27:09 > 0:27:14and that monitor takes 60 seconds to monitor your heart.
0:27:14 > 0:27:16The other one monitors that every second.
0:27:16 > 0:27:18I think it would be great for the future.
0:27:18 > 0:27:22And then, hopefully, other kids will find it a lot easier in hospital.
0:27:22 > 0:27:23Thanks, Matt -
0:27:23 > 0:27:27who would have thought hospitals could learn stuff from a car?
0:27:28 > 0:27:32Next time on Operation Ouch, Hospital Takeover...
0:27:32 > 0:27:33we learn a bit about spit.
0:27:33 > 0:27:35- BOTH:- Wow!
0:27:35 > 0:27:36That's amazing!
0:27:36 > 0:27:38It's hectic on the helipad...
0:27:38 > 0:27:40I fell on my neck.
0:27:40 > 0:27:42..and we flush a few things out.
0:27:42 > 0:27:44Oh, no!
0:27:45 > 0:27:47So, that's it till next time, from Operation...
0:27:49 > 0:27:50Ouch!
0:27:52 > 0:27:53So we...
0:27:53 > 0:27:54HE COUGHS
0:27:56 > 0:27:57So...
0:27:57 > 0:28:01So we've seen just how important and how difficult
0:28:01 > 0:28:04the work of the emer...emergency...
0:28:04 > 0:28:05Right...
0:28:05 > 0:28:06I don't know if I can do it!
0:28:08 > 0:28:09Operation Ouch!