0:00:23 > 0:00:24He's Dr Chris.
0:00:24 > 0:00:26He's Dr Xand.
0:00:26 > 0:00:28BOTH: We're identical twins.
0:00:28 > 0:00:30Or we were until you grew your beard!
0:00:31 > 0:00:33In this series, we're taking over
0:00:33 > 0:00:35one of the biggest children's hospitals in Europe,
0:00:35 > 0:00:37the amazing Alder Hey in Liverpool.
0:00:38 > 0:00:40We'll go head-to-head as we take on
0:00:40 > 0:00:43some of our hospital's most important jobs.
0:00:43 > 0:00:45This isn't going well.
0:00:45 > 0:00:49Ouch And About hits the wards for more medical mysteries.
0:00:49 > 0:00:52- That is a hole going inside your stomach.- Yes.
0:00:53 > 0:00:55And we meet our brilliant Ouch patients
0:00:55 > 0:00:57who come in for regular treatment.
0:00:58 > 0:00:59Hi!
0:00:59 > 0:01:02We've hidden our lab in a top-secret location.
0:01:02 > 0:01:05And our experiments just...
0:01:05 > 0:01:06got...
0:01:06 > 0:01:08bigger!
0:01:08 > 0:01:11You guys are crazy!
0:01:11 > 0:01:13So, are you ready to join us?
0:01:13 > 0:01:15It's going to be out of this world.
0:01:15 > 0:01:17I have to change my cape.
0:01:20 > 0:01:22Coming up today on Operation Ouch...
0:01:27 > 0:01:28We're all a-flutter...
0:01:28 > 0:01:30This is completely magical.
0:01:31 > 0:01:34..Spine tingling surgery...
0:01:34 > 0:01:36And we learn a bit about spit.
0:01:36 > 0:01:37BOTH: Wow!
0:01:37 > 0:01:39That's amazing!
0:01:40 > 0:01:41But first...
0:01:41 > 0:01:44Sporting injuries bring around half a million people a year
0:01:44 > 0:01:46to the accident and emergency department.
0:01:46 > 0:01:48And here's another one.
0:01:48 > 0:01:49Ah!
0:01:50 > 0:01:51Oh. You don't mean here.
0:01:51 > 0:01:54You mean in the accident and emergency department?
0:01:54 > 0:01:55Yes. Obviously.
0:01:58 > 0:02:00Landing on the accident and emergency helipad
0:02:00 > 0:02:02is nine-year-old Jamie.
0:02:03 > 0:02:07His neck's being supported by blocks and tape to stop it moving.
0:02:07 > 0:02:09What's gone on, Jamie?
0:02:09 > 0:02:11I fell on my neck funny,
0:02:11 > 0:02:13and then loads of people landed on me.
0:02:13 > 0:02:14How did that happen?
0:02:16 > 0:02:18Jamie was playing in a rugby match
0:02:18 > 0:02:20with his mum and dad cheering him on from the sidelines.
0:02:20 > 0:02:21Yeah!
0:02:21 > 0:02:23Give us a J! J!
0:02:23 > 0:02:26Give us an A! A!
0:02:26 > 0:02:28Yep, got it, thanks, Xand.
0:02:28 > 0:02:31Jamie's a full-back and was making a heroic run to reach the ball.
0:02:31 > 0:02:33Yeah! Go, Jamie!
0:02:33 > 0:02:35Go, Jamie! Go, Jamie!
0:02:35 > 0:02:37Everyone was hot on his heels.
0:02:37 > 0:02:39Go, Jamie! Go, Jamie!
0:02:39 > 0:02:41Go, Jamie!
0:02:41 > 0:02:45He landed on his neck, and all the others piled in on top of him.
0:02:46 > 0:02:48Ouch!
0:02:48 > 0:02:51Here's Doctor Julie Grice to inspect for any damage.
0:02:51 > 0:02:53Any pain at the front?
0:02:53 > 0:02:56- No.- Does it hurt there?- Yes.
0:02:56 > 0:03:00We worry about neck pain because your spinal cord goes through there.
0:03:00 > 0:03:02I'm just going to poke down your back, OK?
0:03:02 > 0:03:04I want you to tell me whether it hurts.
0:03:04 > 0:03:05You say yes or no.
0:03:05 > 0:03:08And try not to nod or shake your head. OK?
0:03:08 > 0:03:11Doctor Julie and her team have to move Jamie very carefully,
0:03:11 > 0:03:14because they don't want to make any injury even worse.
0:03:14 > 0:03:17Does it hurt anywhere there if I'm pressing?
0:03:17 > 0:03:18With Jamie clearly in pain,
0:03:18 > 0:03:21Doctor Julie can't rule out a spinal injury.
0:03:21 > 0:03:23So she's booked him in for an X-ray.
0:03:24 > 0:03:27While he waits, the nurses tape him back up to the supporting blocks,
0:03:27 > 0:03:31and the doctor asks Mum to give him some medication for the pain.
0:03:31 > 0:03:34Find out what happens with Jamie's X-ray later on.
0:03:39 > 0:03:42In hospital, it's not just the doctors and nurses
0:03:42 > 0:03:43who help to get you fixed.
0:03:43 > 0:03:46There are lots of other heroes working behind-the-scenes.
0:03:47 > 0:03:48Ah, yes!
0:03:48 > 0:03:51But what will happen when WE have a go at their amazing jobs?
0:03:51 > 0:03:54I'm going to make your eardrums burst.
0:03:54 > 0:03:55- BOTH:- Useless!
0:03:55 > 0:03:57This is Operation Takeover.
0:03:58 > 0:04:01Today, we're meeting three heroes from the maintenance team.
0:04:01 > 0:04:03Starting with engineer Adam.
0:04:03 > 0:04:07The maintenance team keep everything in working order here at Alder Hey.
0:04:07 > 0:04:09Adam, what does that involve?
0:04:09 > 0:04:12Um, everything from ventilation to anything in between.
0:04:12 > 0:04:13Toilets, lights.
0:04:13 > 0:04:15What's on the menu today?
0:04:15 > 0:04:17My next job is a...
0:04:17 > 0:04:18A code brown.
0:04:18 > 0:04:19Hang on a minute.
0:04:19 > 0:04:22- What's a code Brown? - Well, you're about to find out.
0:04:22 > 0:04:23I'm so jealous!
0:04:23 > 0:04:25Chris is getting to do a code brown!
0:04:25 > 0:04:26Whatever that is.
0:04:26 > 0:04:29He always gets all the best jobs.
0:04:29 > 0:04:30This is a code Brown.
0:04:30 > 0:04:33Eeew! It's poo!
0:04:33 > 0:04:34Oh, no!
0:04:34 > 0:04:37It's not the most glamorous job, but it's got to be done,
0:04:37 > 0:04:39and you've got to keep the hospital operational.
0:04:39 > 0:04:41Hold on a second. That looks like teabags.
0:04:41 > 0:04:44Have you made up this code brown, especially for me?
0:04:44 > 0:04:46Well, we might have done.
0:04:46 > 0:04:47Or someone's been eating teabags!
0:04:47 > 0:04:49Nothing like a nice cup of tea, Chris!
0:04:49 > 0:04:51Bleurgh!
0:04:51 > 0:04:54OK, so show me how you unblock the toilet.
0:04:54 > 0:04:57Put the plunger in, go over the hole, and...
0:04:57 > 0:04:59Get to it, Chris!
0:04:59 > 0:05:00You're giving it some, aren't you?
0:05:00 > 0:05:02Stop leaving it all to Adam!
0:05:02 > 0:05:04Flush to test, and there you go.
0:05:04 > 0:05:06Brilliant job. Very impressed.
0:05:06 > 0:05:08You big wimp!
0:05:08 > 0:05:10Leaving the bowels of the building,
0:05:10 > 0:05:13there are plenty of jobs to do on the outside, too.
0:05:13 > 0:05:15And one of them involves a secret weapon.
0:05:15 > 0:05:18Meet Jay, our second maintenance hero,
0:05:18 > 0:05:19and his Harris hawk, Leo.
0:05:19 > 0:05:21MUSIC: The Good, The Bad And The Ugly Theme by Ennio Morricone
0:05:21 > 0:05:23What is Leo's job at this hospital?
0:05:23 > 0:05:25Basically, a deterrent to the pigeons.
0:05:25 > 0:05:28Leo's job is to stop the pigeons from living on-site.
0:05:28 > 0:05:30And why don't we want pigeons living on-site?
0:05:30 > 0:05:32We don't want them to be pooing into
0:05:32 > 0:05:35- the filtration systems for the hospital.- Right!
0:05:35 > 0:05:38Cos it's a sterile environment, and we want to keep it clean.
0:05:38 > 0:05:41So, you don't want poo in your air conditioning system.
0:05:41 > 0:05:44That would definitely be a code Brown, Xand.
0:05:44 > 0:05:47Jay releases Leo to fly around the hospital.
0:05:47 > 0:05:49As a bird of prey,
0:05:49 > 0:05:52he scares off the pigeons and other birds so they disappear sharpish.
0:05:52 > 0:05:53JAY WHISTLES
0:05:53 > 0:05:56OK, here he comes. Wow!
0:05:56 > 0:05:58Now, it's my turn, and I'm a little nervous.
0:05:58 > 0:06:01I actually feel genuinely quite terrified.
0:06:01 > 0:06:05He's going to land on my hand, we hope.
0:06:05 > 0:06:06HE WHISTLES
0:06:10 > 0:06:12Well done, Xand!
0:06:12 > 0:06:13He obviously likes you!
0:06:13 > 0:06:16This is completely magical.
0:06:16 > 0:06:18I think you've got the best job in the world, Jay.
0:06:18 > 0:06:19Good job, Leo.
0:06:20 > 0:06:22Now, it's time for The Challenge
0:06:22 > 0:06:24with our third maintenance hero, Ian.
0:06:26 > 0:06:28Ian, tell us what our challenge is.
0:06:28 > 0:06:30For today's takeover challenge, we're going to head to the roof.
0:06:32 > 0:06:35The roof at Alder Hey is a 24 metre high eco-roof.
0:06:35 > 0:06:38Full of wild flowers and, just like other gardens,
0:06:38 > 0:06:40this one needs to be weeded.
0:06:40 > 0:06:41It's a very special roof,
0:06:41 > 0:06:43and it needs maintaining in a very special way.
0:06:43 > 0:06:45And that's via abseil.
0:06:45 > 0:06:46Yikes!
0:06:46 > 0:06:48To make it a fair challenge,
0:06:48 > 0:06:51Ian has planted five dead flowers for us to collect,
0:06:51 > 0:06:54whilst lowering ourselves down on special safety ropes.
0:06:54 > 0:06:56He who collects the most flowers wins.
0:06:58 > 0:07:00It's head-to-head extreme gardening.
0:07:00 > 0:07:03OK? Let's get ready.
0:07:03 > 0:07:05We need the right gear and the right skills.
0:07:05 > 0:07:07Ian and his team do this all the time,
0:07:07 > 0:07:10but we have to learn the ropes that keep us safe on the steep
0:07:10 > 0:07:13and highly dangerous slopes of the hospital roof.
0:07:14 > 0:07:16Old Doctor Xand is just going to have to rise to the occasion,
0:07:16 > 0:07:19and I think I'm going to come out of this smelling of roses!
0:07:21 > 0:07:23Xand! Xand!
0:07:23 > 0:07:24The roof's this way.
0:07:26 > 0:07:28Not a good start.
0:07:28 > 0:07:29I'm off.
0:07:29 > 0:07:33And let me tell you, I know a thing or two about flowers.
0:07:33 > 0:07:34Look at that! There's some red campion.
0:07:34 > 0:07:36You don't see that very often.
0:07:36 > 0:07:38There's a couple of ribwort plantain,
0:07:38 > 0:07:40of course, that's a perennial herb,
0:07:40 > 0:07:41found all over the UK.
0:07:41 > 0:07:43Oh, no!
0:07:43 > 0:07:45I've missed one!
0:07:45 > 0:07:47No! Got to pay more attention.
0:07:48 > 0:07:50Right, now it's my turn.
0:07:50 > 0:07:53- Ready?- My plan is to focus and get the job done.
0:07:53 > 0:07:55Lock it up.
0:07:55 > 0:07:58This is easy. That's my first one in the bag.
0:07:58 > 0:08:02Next flower. And my second is not far behind.
0:08:03 > 0:08:05What about you, Xand?
0:08:05 > 0:08:07I've got my first one!
0:08:07 > 0:08:10There's no stopping me now.
0:08:10 > 0:08:11Two down,
0:08:11 > 0:08:14and hello, flower number three.
0:08:16 > 0:08:18Hang on, Xand, I'm right behind you.
0:08:18 > 0:08:20Focus, focus.
0:08:20 > 0:08:23Aha, I'm storming ahead now!
0:08:23 > 0:08:25One more to find.
0:08:25 > 0:08:27Some knapweed, a few cornflowers.
0:08:27 > 0:08:29Oh! I almost missed that one.
0:08:31 > 0:08:34I really need Chris to miss his final flower.
0:08:34 > 0:08:37Too late! I've done it!
0:08:38 > 0:08:40I think I can still win.
0:08:40 > 0:08:42Surely, Ian will be impressed with my flower knowledge?
0:08:43 > 0:08:45Let's see, shall we?
0:08:45 > 0:08:46Ian, how did we do?
0:08:46 > 0:08:48It's got to be the man that had his mind on the job,
0:08:48 > 0:08:51and collected all five flowers. Chris.
0:08:51 > 0:08:53Yes! It shows the importance, Xand,
0:08:53 > 0:08:56of staying focused while you're working in a hazardous environment.
0:08:56 > 0:08:59Now, we've seen how important the work is
0:08:59 > 0:09:01of Ian and the maintenance team
0:09:01 > 0:09:04in keeping the building looking great and working well.
0:09:04 > 0:09:07But you know what, Chris? Even you didn't do a perfect job.
0:09:07 > 0:09:10I think work like this is definitely best left to the experts.
0:09:10 > 0:09:12Thanks very much, Ian, we had a brilliant day.
0:09:12 > 0:09:14Thanks, guys.
0:09:16 > 0:09:19Meet Ruby, Hayden, Holly, and Tola.
0:09:19 > 0:09:21We're following them across the series
0:09:21 > 0:09:25as they let us know what it's like to be a regular hospital outpatient.
0:09:25 > 0:09:28They've given us exclusive access to their lives
0:09:28 > 0:09:30as they undergo treatment.
0:09:31 > 0:09:33Ruby has leukaemia,
0:09:33 > 0:09:37a type of cancer which means she has too many white blood cells.
0:09:37 > 0:09:39Last time, we saw Ruby having a treatment
0:09:39 > 0:09:41called chemotherapy at home.
0:09:41 > 0:09:44Chemotherapy is a medicine which kills cancer cells.
0:09:44 > 0:09:46But not everything can be done at home.
0:09:46 > 0:09:51Today I am going on an adventure!
0:09:51 > 0:09:52What?
0:09:52 > 0:09:54To a tropical island.
0:09:54 > 0:09:55Really?
0:09:55 > 0:09:57No, she's pulling your leg.
0:09:58 > 0:10:00Ruby's come to hospital.
0:10:00 > 0:10:04When I first came in, they said, you'll always be in room 12.
0:10:04 > 0:10:06- Did they?- Yes.
0:10:06 > 0:10:08Well, room 12 it is!
0:10:08 > 0:10:10She's here for a lumbar puncture.
0:10:10 > 0:10:12A small needle is put into
0:10:12 > 0:10:15Ruby's lower spine to give her a dose of chemotherapy
0:10:15 > 0:10:19to protect her spinal fluid and brain from cancer cells.
0:10:19 > 0:10:21The treatment is helping to fix Ruby,
0:10:21 > 0:10:24but she has to deal with some tricky side effects.
0:10:24 > 0:10:26This is Ruby a year ago.
0:10:26 > 0:10:30Now, steroid medicine has made Ruby's face temporarily swell up,
0:10:30 > 0:10:32and the chemotherapy has made her lose her hair.
0:10:33 > 0:10:35You still look great, Ruby!
0:10:35 > 0:10:36But it will grow back.
0:10:36 > 0:10:37Bon appetit.
0:10:38 > 0:10:41And she's at risk of getting an infection,
0:10:41 > 0:10:44so Ruby has other treatments to keep her healthy.
0:10:44 > 0:10:45What's happening now, Ruby?
0:10:45 > 0:10:49We are near the end of our transfusion.
0:10:49 > 0:10:52This is a top up of healthy blood.
0:10:52 > 0:10:53And what's the yellow stuff, Ruby?
0:10:53 > 0:10:57- Custard!- Custard? Really!- Yummy!
0:10:57 > 0:10:59No. She's got you again.
0:10:59 > 0:11:01This is a bag of platelets.
0:11:01 > 0:11:05And they are for repairing scabs.
0:11:05 > 0:11:08So, if I didn't have this and I had a cut,
0:11:08 > 0:11:10it wouldn't repair very quickly.
0:11:10 > 0:11:13Two weeks of treatment later, Ruby has some news.
0:11:13 > 0:11:16I don't know whether you can see, but my hair is coming back.
0:11:16 > 0:11:18That's brilliant, Ruby.
0:11:18 > 0:11:20- So, that's a good day for you?- Yeah.
0:11:20 > 0:11:21- So you must be feeling very pleased. - Yes.
0:11:21 > 0:11:25Good. I'm wondering if we should replace old Doctor Xand with you.
0:11:25 > 0:11:26You get on some green scrubs,
0:11:26 > 0:11:28we could sort you out with a job.
0:11:28 > 0:11:29Oi!
0:11:29 > 0:11:31Think about that, Doctor Xand.
0:11:31 > 0:11:32- Thanks, Ruby.- Bye!- Bye!
0:11:32 > 0:11:36- Bye-bye!- See you soon, Ruby.
0:11:40 > 0:11:43Earlier, Jamie came into the emergency department
0:11:43 > 0:11:44with a sore neck.
0:11:44 > 0:11:46Let's find out what the doctors do next.
0:11:48 > 0:11:51Jamie was airlifted to the accident and emergency department
0:11:51 > 0:11:52by helicopter.
0:11:54 > 0:11:55He'd been playing rugby.
0:11:55 > 0:11:59He was chasing down the ball and on the verge of scoring an amazing try.
0:11:59 > 0:12:02Everyone was hot on his heels!
0:12:02 > 0:12:03But he landed on his neck,
0:12:03 > 0:12:06and everyone else piled in on top of him.
0:12:06 > 0:12:09Until Doctor Julie knows how bad his injury is,
0:12:09 > 0:12:12Jamie can't be moved, so the X-ray machine is coming to him.
0:12:12 > 0:12:13Don't worry, you don't need to do anything,
0:12:13 > 0:12:15you just need to lie there, all right?
0:12:15 > 0:12:17Not a problem. He's stuck down to the bed.
0:12:18 > 0:12:20What's the final score, Doctor Julie?
0:12:20 > 0:12:22The X-ray shows there's no bone injury,
0:12:22 > 0:12:26he just has got pain on the right side of his neck over the muscle,
0:12:26 > 0:12:28which would fit with a kind of whiplash injury,
0:12:28 > 0:12:30when your head is thrown forward and back.
0:12:30 > 0:12:32In your neck, you have lots of muscles,
0:12:32 > 0:12:35which are attached to your bones with tendons.
0:12:35 > 0:12:38A sudden impact can tear these tendons and muscles.
0:12:38 > 0:12:42It's called whiplash, and it can be painful, but it will heal.
0:12:42 > 0:12:45Brilliant! So, there's no damage to your bones or spinal cord.
0:12:45 > 0:12:48- What do you think of that, Jamie? - I'm relieved.
0:12:48 > 0:12:50And after a bite to eat, Jamie can go home.
0:12:50 > 0:12:54But watch out, dad's got his eye on that sandwich!
0:12:54 > 0:12:55Have you learned any lessons from today?
0:12:55 > 0:12:58Try and get on the ball a bit earlier,
0:12:58 > 0:12:59before anyone else gets on it.
0:12:59 > 0:13:01Top tactics.
0:13:01 > 0:13:02Good luck with your next match.
0:13:02 > 0:13:04Bye!
0:13:04 > 0:13:05Still to come...
0:13:07 > 0:13:09We get a bit gobby... Let the chewing begin!
0:13:09 > 0:13:11What? This isn't fair.
0:13:11 > 0:13:12I check out a gory graze...
0:13:12 > 0:13:15Now, which foot did you hurt?
0:13:15 > 0:13:17And we meet a right dummy.
0:13:17 > 0:13:19Josh, we've given you some medicine into your veins,
0:13:19 > 0:13:20how are you feeling now?
0:13:20 > 0:13:21But first...
0:13:28 > 0:13:30Wow! That's amazing. And a bit gross.
0:13:33 > 0:13:35And now, to our lab.
0:13:35 > 0:13:38But this time, we've hidden it in a top-secret location.
0:13:38 > 0:13:40So secret that in fact,
0:13:40 > 0:13:42even Doctor Xand doesn't know where it is.
0:13:42 > 0:13:45I am lymph-node man!
0:13:45 > 0:13:47It's time for some amazing experiments.
0:13:47 > 0:13:51Just don't try anything you see here at home.
0:13:51 > 0:13:54Today, we're going to show you why you need spit, or saliva,
0:13:54 > 0:13:56as we doctors say.
0:13:56 > 0:13:58Spit, dribble, slobber, whatever you call it,
0:13:58 > 0:14:00saliva really is wonderful stuff.
0:14:00 > 0:14:03And it's important for keeping our mouths healthy and clean.
0:14:03 > 0:14:05But where does it come from?
0:14:05 > 0:14:07Well, to help us discover that,
0:14:07 > 0:14:08we need the help of a gleeker.
0:14:08 > 0:14:09A what?
0:14:09 > 0:14:11A gleeker. You know what a gleeker is.
0:14:11 > 0:14:14Yes, I do know what a gleeker is, I mean,
0:14:14 > 0:14:15of course I know what a gleeker is.
0:14:17 > 0:14:19I just don't think we have one.
0:14:19 > 0:14:21You know, in the cupboard of everything.
0:14:21 > 0:14:23That isn't a problem, Xand. Leave it to me.
0:14:26 > 0:14:28Attention, everyone, this is Doctor Chris.
0:14:28 > 0:14:30Would any gleekers in the hospital
0:14:30 > 0:14:34please make their way to the secret lab immediately.
0:14:34 > 0:14:35That is all.
0:14:37 > 0:14:38Now, we just need to wait.
0:14:42 > 0:14:44KNOCK ON DOOR
0:14:44 > 0:14:45Come in?
0:14:46 > 0:14:48- Hi, Chris.- Hi, Jack.
0:14:48 > 0:14:50I heard you needed a gleeker.
0:14:50 > 0:14:53In that case, you can...do that thing that gleeker do?
0:14:53 > 0:14:55I think it would just be easier if I show you, Xand.
0:14:55 > 0:14:56Great. Gleek away!
0:14:56 > 0:14:59Xand! Wait! You're going to need these.
0:14:59 > 0:15:01- What, what for?- For the gleeking!
0:15:01 > 0:15:02Oh, the gleeking, yes, of course.
0:15:02 > 0:15:04Of course I need these for the, er, the gleeking.
0:15:04 > 0:15:06Stand back. Gleek away!
0:15:07 > 0:15:09BOTH: Wow!
0:15:09 > 0:15:10That's amazing!
0:15:10 > 0:15:13I think we need to see that one more time in slow motion.
0:15:13 > 0:15:16Jack is doing this in the name of science, but remember,
0:15:16 > 0:15:19we're in the Don't Try This At Home Lab.
0:15:19 > 0:15:20Got it?
0:15:20 > 0:15:22When Jack gleeks,
0:15:22 > 0:15:25he's squirting saliva from his submandibular salivary gland
0:15:25 > 0:15:29out through a duct under his tongue called the Wharton duct.
0:15:30 > 0:15:32And that's it right there.
0:15:32 > 0:15:34So you have two other sets of saliva glands.
0:15:34 > 0:15:38Your parotids, which sit here and release saliva into your cheeks,
0:15:38 > 0:15:40and your sublingual glands,
0:15:40 > 0:15:42which release saliva under your tongue.
0:15:42 > 0:15:45Well, thank you, Jack, to you and your amazing saliva glands.
0:15:45 > 0:15:47You're very welcome. Which is the quickest way out of here?
0:15:47 > 0:15:51The quickest way is that door on the right.
0:15:51 > 0:15:52OK.
0:15:55 > 0:15:58Now we've got a gleeker in the cupboard of everything!
0:15:58 > 0:16:00Whether you can gleek or not,
0:16:00 > 0:16:03you do have the same salivary glands as Jack.
0:16:03 > 0:16:05Why do you need saliva?
0:16:05 > 0:16:07As well as keeping your mouth fresh and healthy,
0:16:07 > 0:16:10saliva has another very important job.
0:16:10 > 0:16:12It helps you eat and swallow.
0:16:12 > 0:16:16It's 99% water, but there's a magic 1%
0:16:16 > 0:16:18containing mucus,
0:16:18 > 0:16:22which is what makes saliva slippery and slimy, and helps you swallow.
0:16:22 > 0:16:25Now, if you want to know what this 1% magic mix
0:16:25 > 0:16:27does to the water in your saliva,
0:16:27 > 0:16:30this is something you CAN try at home.
0:16:30 > 0:16:33Wash your hands and then take a pinch of saliva
0:16:33 > 0:16:36between your thumb and forefinger, like this.
0:16:36 > 0:16:39And then, if you lift your thumb and finger apart, very slowly,
0:16:39 > 0:16:43what you can see is a strand of mucus with little beads on it.
0:16:43 > 0:16:47Now, that is made by long protein molecules,
0:16:47 > 0:16:50and that's what makes the water thick,
0:16:50 > 0:16:52and helps it act as a lubricant for food.
0:16:52 > 0:16:57So, to show you how amazing your mucus-y saliva is, I bring you,
0:16:57 > 0:17:00the spit slide challenge!
0:17:03 > 0:17:06Xand and I have a bowl each with some teeth
0:17:06 > 0:17:08to chew up this plate of food.
0:17:08 > 0:17:10We're going to chew up the food, put it in our mouth,
0:17:10 > 0:17:14and send it down the tubes that goes from our mouths to our stomachs.
0:17:14 > 0:17:16There is only one twist and that is,
0:17:16 > 0:17:18only one of us will have a bottle of saliva.
0:17:18 > 0:17:20And that one is me.
0:17:20 > 0:17:21- Me!- It's me.- It's me.
0:17:21 > 0:17:22No me, I'm going to have it.
0:17:22 > 0:17:24Well, that bloke looks just like you?
0:17:24 > 0:17:27Does he? So he does!
0:17:27 > 0:17:28Let the chewing begin.
0:17:28 > 0:17:29What? This isn't fair!
0:17:29 > 0:17:30Get on with it.
0:17:32 > 0:17:36Xand's adding some saliva to his bowl of chewed food.
0:17:36 > 0:17:38Exactly what happens in your mouth.
0:17:38 > 0:17:40But I don't have any for mine.
0:17:40 > 0:17:42Without saliva, chewing up my food is immensely difficult.
0:17:42 > 0:17:46It's just formed a big solid mass in my mouth.
0:17:46 > 0:17:51Thanks to saliva, my bowl of food is turning into a nice, slimy paste.
0:17:52 > 0:17:54Time to get it down the hatch!
0:17:57 > 0:17:58There you go.
0:18:01 > 0:18:02Yes!
0:18:02 > 0:18:06Look at how my food mixed with saliva slides down easily,
0:18:06 > 0:18:08but check out Chris's.
0:18:08 > 0:18:11Without saliva, my food gets stuck in the throat
0:18:11 > 0:18:13instead of sliding to the stomach.
0:18:13 > 0:18:14Chris, you've got to stop.
0:18:14 > 0:18:16He's choking!
0:18:16 > 0:18:18He didn't even get to eat his tomatoes yet.
0:18:18 > 0:18:20Well, you know what this means.
0:18:20 > 0:18:21What, Chris is in danger?
0:18:21 > 0:18:25No! That I'm the winner of the spit slide challenge.
0:18:25 > 0:18:26Thanks to saliva.
0:18:26 > 0:18:27Thanks, saliva.
0:18:28 > 0:18:32We've shown that you can produce around one litre of saliva every day
0:18:32 > 0:18:35from three sets of salivary glands.
0:18:35 > 0:18:38But remember, spitting is unhygienic.
0:18:39 > 0:18:42And we've shown you that it's also really important
0:18:42 > 0:18:43for helping you swallow safely.
0:18:45 > 0:18:46You know what, Chris?
0:18:46 > 0:18:49I was thinking about Jack the gleeker and I kind of thought,
0:18:49 > 0:18:51"I bet I'm really good at that."
0:18:51 > 0:18:52What, Xand?
0:18:52 > 0:18:54A couple of minutes ago you didn't even know what gleeking was,
0:18:54 > 0:18:56and now you think you can do it?
0:18:56 > 0:18:58All right, all right, give it your best shot.
0:19:00 > 0:19:01Ha-ha!
0:19:01 > 0:19:03That's disgusting!
0:19:03 > 0:19:04And very impressive.
0:19:04 > 0:19:06How did he learn to do that?
0:19:10 > 0:19:12Let's meet another Ouch patient.
0:19:12 > 0:19:15- Can you hear me?- Loud and clear.
0:19:15 > 0:19:18It's Tola, he has a kidney disease.
0:19:18 > 0:19:19Soon, I'll be getting a transplant.
0:19:19 > 0:19:23Last time, we met up with Tola in hospital, having dialysis treatment.
0:19:23 > 0:19:28I'm on the dialysis machine to clean my blood
0:19:28 > 0:19:31and to help my kidneys function more.
0:19:32 > 0:19:35But Tola also looks after his kidneys at home.
0:19:35 > 0:19:39Hello, this is my sister and this is my brother.
0:19:39 > 0:19:41- BOTH: Hello, there.- Hi.
0:19:41 > 0:19:43- This is my mum.- Hi, Mum.
0:19:43 > 0:19:44And here's my dad.
0:19:44 > 0:19:46Hi, Dad.
0:19:46 > 0:19:48Family mealtimes are a bit different for Tola,
0:19:48 > 0:19:50because there are some things he can't eat.
0:19:50 > 0:19:54I'm not allowed to eat some things with too much potassium,
0:19:54 > 0:19:57like potato, banana, mango, and stuff like that.
0:19:59 > 0:20:00Lots of foods are full of potassium.
0:20:00 > 0:20:04It's an important mineral that helps your body to work properly.
0:20:04 > 0:20:07But for Tola, too much or too little can make him unwell.
0:20:09 > 0:20:12If I have too much potassium,
0:20:12 > 0:20:13I could start vomiting again.
0:20:13 > 0:20:17And if I have too low, I could start vomiting also,
0:20:17 > 0:20:20so I have to keep a balanced diet.
0:20:20 > 0:20:22Any food you miss, Tola?
0:20:22 > 0:20:24It's got to be the chicken and chips.
0:20:24 > 0:20:26Ooh, I don't blame you.
0:20:26 > 0:20:30Tola also has to be very careful not to drink too much.
0:20:30 > 0:20:31Cheers, Tola.
0:20:34 > 0:20:35Anything else to tell us?
0:20:35 > 0:20:37That's a wrap!
0:20:37 > 0:20:38See you next time!
0:20:44 > 0:20:47Your body is amazing, but sometimes, it needs fixing.
0:20:48 > 0:20:51All over the UK, there are special teams of professionals
0:20:51 > 0:20:53trained to tackle medical mysteries.
0:20:53 > 0:20:56And when the problem is an emergency,
0:20:56 > 0:20:59there's one team in particular standing by to help.
0:20:59 > 0:21:01The emergency department.
0:21:03 > 0:21:06It's one of the busiest departments in the hospital,
0:21:06 > 0:21:09treating and fixing over 1,000 patients a week.
0:21:09 > 0:21:10But how does it work?
0:21:10 > 0:21:11Well, I'm going to find out.
0:21:13 > 0:21:14Inside the emergency department,
0:21:14 > 0:21:16there is a whole team of professionals
0:21:16 > 0:21:18ready to deal with whatever comes through the door.
0:21:18 > 0:21:21And it all starts with triage.
0:21:22 > 0:21:25Working there today is Nurse Natalie Nolan.
0:21:25 > 0:21:28Triage is a French word meaning, "To separate out."
0:21:28 > 0:21:29What's happened?
0:21:29 > 0:21:31That's exactly what Nurse Nat does,
0:21:31 > 0:21:34by separating out the most urgent patients
0:21:34 > 0:21:35and prioritising their treatment.
0:21:35 > 0:21:36Any child comes in,
0:21:36 > 0:21:40I'll look at them and assess who needs seeing first, basically.
0:21:40 > 0:21:43Nurse Nat's checking ten-year-old Dan,
0:21:43 > 0:21:45who's been brought in by his mum with an eye infection.
0:21:45 > 0:21:47Dan, how are you feeling at the moment?
0:21:47 > 0:21:48My eye's a bit itchy, like.
0:21:48 > 0:21:50- Can you see OK?- Yes.
0:21:50 > 0:21:52As Dan's eye infection is not too serious,
0:21:52 > 0:21:54he's a low priority patient.
0:21:54 > 0:21:56His eye needs sorting, but not immediately.
0:21:56 > 0:21:57Thank you.
0:21:57 > 0:21:59So he'll have to wait
0:21:59 > 0:22:01whilst more urgent patients are treated before him.
0:22:03 > 0:22:05This is Doctor Charlotte Durand.
0:22:05 > 0:22:07She's the consultant in charge today.
0:22:07 > 0:22:10This is a really tricky job, and it's even trickier
0:22:10 > 0:22:12when the waiting room is packed full of people.
0:22:12 > 0:22:15Does everyone who turns up have an emergency?
0:22:15 > 0:22:17Um, no, they don't. We get a lot of people come here
0:22:17 > 0:22:20who could be seen elsewhere in a much better environment,
0:22:20 > 0:22:23more suited to the problem they've got, really.
0:22:23 > 0:22:26Alder Hey Hospital will never turn patients away,
0:22:26 > 0:22:28but what is a real emergency?
0:22:28 > 0:22:29Reckon you know?
0:22:29 > 0:22:31Quiz time!
0:22:31 > 0:22:34Which one of the following should you come to A&E with?
0:22:44 > 0:22:46The answer is none of them.
0:22:46 > 0:22:48It was a trick question.
0:22:48 > 0:22:51If necessary, for all these things, you can go to your GP.
0:22:52 > 0:22:54Don't bring your verruca to the emergency room,
0:22:54 > 0:22:57because when you break your leg or you're in a car crash,
0:22:57 > 0:22:59you'll be very pleased that other kids with verrucas
0:22:59 > 0:23:02are not taking up the time of the doctors and nurses,
0:23:02 > 0:23:04and the team's here when you need that leg seeing to.
0:23:06 > 0:23:10However, if you're sick enough to be brought to hospital by ambulance,
0:23:10 > 0:23:13you're an urgent priority, and you're brought straight here.
0:23:13 > 0:23:17This is Resus, which is short for resuscitation.
0:23:17 > 0:23:18And in this room,
0:23:18 > 0:23:21there's loads of life-saving medical equipment,
0:23:21 > 0:23:24and it's all to help the doctors and nurses look after people
0:23:24 > 0:23:26with life-threatening illnesses or injuries.
0:23:26 > 0:23:29To make sure Resus is prepared for anything,
0:23:29 > 0:23:32they practise various medical scenarios twice a week.
0:23:34 > 0:23:36I'm going to join them on this dummy run.
0:23:36 > 0:23:39Ooh, Chris, you do look a bit peaky.
0:23:39 > 0:23:41That's not me, I'm over here!
0:23:41 > 0:23:44Today's dummy patient is 15-year-old Josh.
0:23:44 > 0:23:46Hello, Josh, my name's Pete, I'm one of the doctors,
0:23:46 > 0:23:48we're going to be looking after you today, OK?
0:23:48 > 0:23:51He's been feeling really short of breath over the last few hours,
0:23:51 > 0:23:53so his mum's called an ambulance.
0:23:53 > 0:23:55Using her phone to help control the scenario,
0:23:55 > 0:23:58Doctor Charlotte assesses how the team performs
0:23:58 > 0:23:59and plays the role of the patient.
0:23:59 > 0:24:01Ooh, I'm really struggling.
0:24:01 > 0:24:04- Where's my mum?- It's really nerve-racking, actually.
0:24:04 > 0:24:05You guys are doing a very good simulation...
0:24:05 > 0:24:07- Other way.- Other way, OK, sorry.
0:24:09 > 0:24:12To make the scenario as realistic as possible for the doctors and nurses,
0:24:12 > 0:24:14they even use real medicine.
0:24:14 > 0:24:16Then they know where to find the drugs,
0:24:16 > 0:24:18where to find the equipment, how to set it up,
0:24:18 > 0:24:21in a safe environment where they're not under pressure.
0:24:21 > 0:24:23Josh, we've given you some medicine into your veins,
0:24:23 > 0:24:25how are you feeling now?
0:24:25 > 0:24:26I feel like I'm getting better.
0:24:26 > 0:24:27OK, that's great news.
0:24:27 > 0:24:30These scenarios are invaluable training
0:24:30 > 0:24:32for staff who have to be ready for any eventuality.
0:24:32 > 0:24:34Charlotte, from your point of view, how did we all do?
0:24:34 > 0:24:36I thought you all did an excellent job.
0:24:36 > 0:24:38Josh, thanks very much for being involved today.
0:24:38 > 0:24:40I think the whole team learned a huge amount from you.
0:24:40 > 0:24:43The emergency department is an amazing place,
0:24:43 > 0:24:45but it's an ever-changing situation.
0:24:45 > 0:24:49So some of the patients who come here have life-threatening illnesses
0:24:49 > 0:24:51or injuries, but every second of every day,
0:24:51 > 0:24:54there are nurses and doctors like Charlotte
0:24:54 > 0:24:56ready to handle whatever comes through the door.
0:25:00 > 0:25:02Let's go back to accident and emergency
0:25:02 > 0:25:04to see what happened to our next patient.
0:25:04 > 0:25:06You are not going to believe this one.
0:25:06 > 0:25:08Why not? Did you make it up?
0:25:08 > 0:25:10What? No. It's just a figure of speech.
0:25:10 > 0:25:11- It's an expression.- OK.
0:25:14 > 0:25:18This is five-year-old Tiana, with her mum and a poorly foot.
0:25:18 > 0:25:20And check out this handsome doctor!
0:25:20 > 0:25:23- Hmmm.- Now, which foot did you hurt?
0:25:23 > 0:25:25- Was it this one?- No, this one.
0:25:25 > 0:25:27Oh, silly old Doctor Chris, eh?
0:25:27 > 0:25:28So how did you hurt it?
0:25:28 > 0:25:32When my mum was riding the bike,
0:25:32 > 0:25:36and my foot got caught in the wheel.
0:25:36 > 0:25:39Wow. That does sound very careless of your mum.
0:25:40 > 0:25:43Naughty mum. Let's look at this in detail.
0:25:43 > 0:25:45It was a gorgeous sunny day.
0:25:45 > 0:25:47So Tiana and her mum were out for a bike ride.
0:25:47 > 0:25:48Sounds lovely.
0:25:48 > 0:25:51Tiana had the best view from the back-seat,
0:25:51 > 0:25:53whilst Mum was doing all the pedalling at the front.
0:25:53 > 0:25:54Even better!
0:25:54 > 0:25:57But it all went wrong as they got to a roundabout.
0:25:57 > 0:26:00Oh, no! Did she do the same as you, the other week?
0:26:00 > 0:26:01- Um...- You know,
0:26:01 > 0:26:04when the pigeon pooped on your head and you got in such a flap,
0:26:04 > 0:26:06you ended up face first in the fountain?
0:26:06 > 0:26:09No, Xand. And you promised never to tell anyone.
0:26:09 > 0:26:10Oops.
0:26:10 > 0:26:12Anyway, Tiana's foot fell down off the seat
0:26:12 > 0:26:15and it got caught in the spokes of the wheel.
0:26:15 > 0:26:16BOTH: Ouch!
0:26:16 > 0:26:18OK. Mum's off the hook.
0:26:18 > 0:26:21But that bike has a lot to answer for.
0:26:21 > 0:26:25First up, Tiana heads to X-ray to be checked for broken bones.
0:26:25 > 0:26:26Finished. Wow.
0:26:26 > 0:26:28That was speedy.
0:26:28 > 0:26:30While Tiana has a quick pit stop...
0:26:32 > 0:26:36..here comes Doctor Rob McGuire to assess the damage.
0:26:36 > 0:26:39All the veins seem clear, there was nothing obvious to see on the X-ray.
0:26:39 > 0:26:42Excellent. The bones are intact.
0:26:42 > 0:26:44But it's still hurting, isn't it, Tiana?
0:26:44 > 0:26:46My foot is really sore.
0:26:46 > 0:26:49It might take a week or so for her to get back to normality.
0:26:49 > 0:26:52The wound gets a good clean and a plaster.
0:26:52 > 0:26:54But amazingly, the best treatment here
0:26:54 > 0:26:57is to let your body fix itself.
0:26:57 > 0:27:00Your skin has a whole battle plan worked out.
0:27:00 > 0:27:03Sticky blood cells called platelets rush to the wound
0:27:03 > 0:27:06and clump together to stop the bleeding.
0:27:06 > 0:27:09Then a protein called fibrin holds everything together
0:27:09 > 0:27:12with fibres, like scaffolding, and it goes hard to form a scab.
0:27:12 > 0:27:15Underneath, new skin cells are made,
0:27:15 > 0:27:18pushing off the scab, and you're as good as new.
0:27:18 > 0:27:20So, what have we learned here, Chris?
0:27:20 > 0:27:22Be careful next time you're on the bike, Mum!
0:27:22 > 0:27:24- I will!- Can you give me five?
0:27:26 > 0:27:28BOTH: Bye, Tiana!
0:27:28 > 0:27:32Next time, on "Operation Ouch!" Hospital Takeover,
0:27:32 > 0:27:34there's a clash with some glass...
0:27:34 > 0:27:35There is a small piece in her chest.
0:27:37 > 0:27:39We're on the lookout...
0:27:40 > 0:27:42What are you doing?!
0:27:42 > 0:27:44And it's party time.
0:27:47 > 0:27:50So we'll see you next time on "Operation Ouch!"
0:27:51 > 0:27:53Mr Grumbles!
0:27:53 > 0:27:54Mr Grumbles!
0:27:55 > 0:27:56HE SNORES
0:27:56 > 0:27:58Xand?
0:27:58 > 0:27:59Xand...
0:28:01 > 0:28:03- Xand!- Ah!
0:28:03 > 0:28:05What are you and Mr Grumbles doing asleep in the lab,
0:28:05 > 0:28:08and why are you clutching a bottle of... Is that dribble?
0:28:08 > 0:28:11Today, we've learned that... something has happened.