0:00:23 > 0:00:26- He's Dr Chris.- And he's Dr Xand.
0:00:26 > 0:00:28And we're identical twins.
0:00:28 > 0:00:31We were, until you grew your beard!
0:00:31 > 0:00:33In this series, we're taking over
0:00:33 > 0:00:36one of the biggest children's hospitals in Europe,
0:00:36 > 0:00:38the amazing Alder Hey in Liverpool.
0:00:38 > 0:00:40We'll go head-to-head as we take on
0:00:40 > 0:00:43some of our hospital's most important jobs...
0:00:43 > 0:00:44This isn't going well.
0:00:46 > 0:00:49Ouch And About hits the wards for more medical mysteries.
0:00:49 > 0:00:52- That is a hole going inside your stomach.- Yes.
0:00:52 > 0:00:53WHISTLE BLOWS
0:00:53 > 0:00:56And we meet our brilliant Ouchpatients,
0:00:56 > 0:00:58who come in for regular treatment.
0:00:58 > 0:00:59Hi!
0:00:59 > 0:01:02We've hidden our lab in a top-secret location.
0:01:02 > 0:01:04And our experiments...
0:01:04 > 0:01:06- just...got... - HE BURPS
0:01:06 > 0:01:07..bigger!
0:01:09 > 0:01:11You guys are crazy!
0:01:11 > 0:01:13So, are you ready to join us?
0:01:13 > 0:01:15It's going to be out of this world.
0:01:15 > 0:01:18- Take us down.- Back to Earth!
0:01:18 > 0:01:19Coming up today on...
0:01:24 > 0:01:25Operation Ouch!
0:01:27 > 0:01:29There's music and magic.
0:01:29 > 0:01:33THEY SHOUT
0:01:33 > 0:01:35Xand is Ouch And About on the street.
0:01:35 > 0:01:37That is a really, really good question.
0:01:37 > 0:01:40And find out why I'm wearing these.
0:01:40 > 0:01:42Chris, what have you done to me?
0:01:42 > 0:01:43But first...
0:01:43 > 0:01:45The staff in the emergency department thought
0:01:45 > 0:01:47they'd seen everything.
0:01:47 > 0:01:49But they weren't expecting this.
0:01:49 > 0:01:50Expecting what? Argh!
0:01:53 > 0:01:55The Accident & Emergency team are ready and waiting
0:01:55 > 0:01:57for the Air Ambulance to land.
0:01:57 > 0:01:59They know that six-year-old Amy is on board
0:01:59 > 0:02:01with deep cuts to her chest.
0:02:01 > 0:02:03Ooh, sounds nasty. How did that happen?
0:02:03 > 0:02:07Amy was playing in the garden over at her best friend Erin's house.
0:02:07 > 0:02:10Nothing better than a garden party.
0:02:10 > 0:02:11Let's dance!
0:02:11 > 0:02:12If you say so.
0:02:14 > 0:02:16They were playing about in a paddling pool.
0:02:16 > 0:02:18Amazing! Nothing better than a pool party.
0:02:18 > 0:02:20Quack! Quack!
0:02:20 > 0:02:22OK, Xand. Plus, the sun was shining,
0:02:22 > 0:02:25so she was enjoying a nice, cool drink.
0:02:25 > 0:02:28Nothing better than the sun shining and enjoying a nice,
0:02:28 > 0:02:30cool... Argh, watch out!
0:02:30 > 0:02:33But she slipped and fell on the glass, cutting her chest.
0:02:33 > 0:02:35Ouch!
0:02:35 > 0:02:38The doctors are worried that the glass might have gone right through
0:02:38 > 0:02:41to her internal organs, which could be very serious indeed.
0:02:41 > 0:02:45So a whole load of experts get to work at the same time.
0:02:45 > 0:02:48They're called the trauma team and they know how to work fast.
0:02:48 > 0:02:50Helping Amy are doctors, nurses,
0:02:50 > 0:02:53surgeons and a very special furry friend.
0:02:53 > 0:02:57Victoria on the helicopter gave it to me.
0:02:57 > 0:03:00Leading the team today is Dr Mary Ryan.
0:03:00 > 0:03:03So, the first thing we have to make sure of, always,
0:03:03 > 0:03:06- is that Amy is breathing OK. - You're being really good.
0:03:06 > 0:03:08We're really concerned that one of her lungs
0:03:08 > 0:03:11might have collapsed, so we have to make sure
0:03:11 > 0:03:15that she has air moving on both sides of her chest.
0:03:15 > 0:03:18Have you had any problems with your breathing or does it feel all right?
0:03:18 > 0:03:19Fine.
0:03:19 > 0:03:23Amy's breathing sounds good, so it's time to focus on those cuts.
0:03:23 > 0:03:25They need further investigation.
0:03:25 > 0:03:28We're going to take a chest X-ray now and make sure that no shards of
0:03:28 > 0:03:31glass have penetrated anywhere we can't see.
0:03:31 > 0:03:33Just relax and hold Mummy's hand.
0:03:33 > 0:03:35OK, there's your first picture done.
0:03:35 > 0:03:39It's over to nurse practitioner Sarah Jackson to tell us the news.
0:03:39 > 0:03:40She hasn't really damaged her lungs.
0:03:40 > 0:03:43The cuts aren't as deep as that.
0:03:43 > 0:03:46But there is a small piece of glass in her chest.
0:03:46 > 0:03:49Actually, it's very, very close to the lining of the lung.
0:03:49 > 0:03:52- She's been quite lucky.- She's going to need surgery to remove the glass,
0:03:52 > 0:03:55but amazing Amy is taking it all in her stride.
0:03:55 > 0:03:56I feel fine.
0:03:56 > 0:04:00They're lots and lots of nice people, doctors.
0:04:00 > 0:04:03Oh, well, that's good. We'll catch up with Amy later
0:04:03 > 0:04:05and see how she gets on in theatre.
0:04:09 > 0:04:11What part of your body do you think this comes from?
0:04:11 > 0:04:13Is it...?
0:04:19 > 0:04:21The correct answer is B.
0:04:21 > 0:04:24They are cells called cones and rods from inside your eyes.
0:04:24 > 0:04:25Wow!
0:04:29 > 0:04:30And now to our lab.
0:04:30 > 0:04:34But this time we've hidden it in a top-secret location.
0:04:34 > 0:04:37So secret that even Xand doesn't know where it is.
0:04:37 > 0:04:40I am lymph-node man!
0:04:40 > 0:04:42It's time for some amazing experiments.
0:04:42 > 0:04:45Just don't try anything you see here at home.
0:04:45 > 0:04:48Today, we're taking a good look at the cells in your eyes.
0:04:49 > 0:04:52Hello. Did you know that you can see things
0:04:52 > 0:04:54that you're not even looking at? Try it.
0:04:54 > 0:04:59Keep your eyes fixed on my nose in the middle of your screen.
0:04:59 > 0:05:01Now, without moving your eyes from my nose,
0:05:01 > 0:05:04you'll notice that you can still see other things in the room around you.
0:05:04 > 0:05:06Perhaps you can see the television remote.
0:05:06 > 0:05:08Perhaps you can see a fish in a tank.
0:05:08 > 0:05:11Perhaps you can see your identical twin brother, Dr Xand,
0:05:11 > 0:05:13picking his nose at the lab bench, as usual!
0:05:15 > 0:05:18Now, they'll seem a bit fuzzier than normal,
0:05:18 > 0:05:21but you can see these things out of the corner of your eyes,
0:05:21 > 0:05:26which is why I know that Dr Xand is still picking his nose!
0:05:26 > 0:05:30Huh! That's because our eyes use two types of vision at the same time -
0:05:30 > 0:05:34central vision, which is here, and peripheral vision,
0:05:34 > 0:05:36which is all the way out here.
0:05:36 > 0:05:39So this is your peripheral vision area.
0:05:39 > 0:05:41If you're in the lab, looking here,
0:05:41 > 0:05:43this will be your central vision area.
0:05:44 > 0:05:47And Xand and I will be in your peripheral vision area,
0:05:47 > 0:05:50looking grey and a bit distorted.
0:05:50 > 0:05:51Because you're watching us on a screen
0:05:51 > 0:05:54you're actually seeing everything with your central vision,
0:05:54 > 0:05:56but we've altered this image to highlight
0:05:56 > 0:05:58what your peripheral vision sees.
0:05:59 > 0:06:01Phew! Back to normal.
0:06:01 > 0:06:02But what is going on?
0:06:02 > 0:06:05Why do things in your central field of vision look different
0:06:05 > 0:06:07to things in your peripheral vision?
0:06:07 > 0:06:10Well, it's all to do with the cells in your eyes called cones and rods.
0:06:10 > 0:06:12Now, come here and stand on my eye.
0:06:12 > 0:06:14OK, but you're going to have to lie down.
0:06:14 > 0:06:17No, not that eye, this eye.
0:06:17 > 0:06:19So that's what you did with all the gloves!
0:06:19 > 0:06:24Now, this is exactly what an eye looks like if you cut it in half.
0:06:24 > 0:06:25Well, it's not, is it?
0:06:25 > 0:06:27I mean, it's massive and it's made of green gloves.
0:06:27 > 0:06:30This bit at the front here, this is the pupil,
0:06:30 > 0:06:31or the black hole at the front of your eye.
0:06:31 > 0:06:36And light comes in here through the lens and hits the back of your eye,
0:06:36 > 0:06:37or the retina.
0:06:37 > 0:06:40The retina covers most of the inside surface of your eye.
0:06:40 > 0:06:42And remember this picture?
0:06:42 > 0:06:44This is what the surface of your retina looks like,
0:06:44 > 0:06:47magnified under a very powerful microscope.
0:06:47 > 0:06:49These cells are called rods...
0:06:49 > 0:06:50And these are called cones.
0:06:50 > 0:06:53We are going to show you how they help you see.
0:06:53 > 0:06:56More cones and rods.
0:06:56 > 0:06:57Let's make a retina.
0:06:57 > 0:07:01Your red cone receptors are great at seeing colours and details
0:07:01 > 0:07:02in bright light.
0:07:02 > 0:07:06You have around 6-7 million of them in each eye and they give you
0:07:06 > 0:07:08your central vision, which is why there is a higher
0:07:08 > 0:07:12number of these super cones in the centre of your retina.
0:07:12 > 0:07:15Your blue rods are found at the edge of your retinas.
0:07:15 > 0:07:18You have around 120 million of them in each eye.
0:07:18 > 0:07:20They make up your peripheral vision so you can see things
0:07:20 > 0:07:23out of the corner of your eye.
0:07:23 > 0:07:26We're going to show you just how important your peripheral vision is.
0:07:26 > 0:07:30Xand, you're going to need these.
0:07:30 > 0:07:31The...
0:07:37 > 0:07:39I've put some blinkers on Xand so he can't see out of
0:07:39 > 0:07:42the corner of his eyes, and he has only the use of his central vision.
0:07:42 > 0:07:45- How are you doing, Xand? - I'm pretty annoyed, actually.
0:07:45 > 0:07:47You've stolen my peripheral vision!
0:07:47 > 0:07:50That's right, but it's all in the name of science.
0:07:50 > 0:07:52To understand what Xand is seeing,
0:07:52 > 0:07:55put your hands around your eyes like this.
0:07:55 > 0:07:57It's an effect called tunnel vision,
0:07:57 > 0:07:59where you can only see what's straight ahead of you.
0:08:00 > 0:08:02We're going to see how much difference
0:08:02 > 0:08:04this makes to Xand's vision in the...
0:08:07 > 0:08:10So, in this challenge we have to pick up these beakers...
0:08:10 > 0:08:12- What beakers?- ..and fill them with water from this bucket...
0:08:12 > 0:08:14- What bucket?!- ..using this jug...
0:08:14 > 0:08:16- What jug?!- ..and then stack them into a neat pyramid,
0:08:16 > 0:08:18and whoever gets there first will be the winner.
0:08:18 > 0:08:21Look, I think I'm going to find this quite difficult. I can't even see.
0:08:21 > 0:08:23Enough excuses, Xand.
0:08:23 > 0:08:24Are you ready?
0:08:24 > 0:08:27- No, I don't even know where my bucket is!- Go!
0:08:27 > 0:08:31'Let's see how much difference our peripheral vision really makes.'
0:08:31 > 0:08:33This is really difficult.
0:08:33 > 0:08:35I have to keep turning my head.
0:08:35 > 0:08:37'We take our peripheral vision for granted,
0:08:37 > 0:08:40'but everyday tasks would be much more difficult without it.'
0:08:40 > 0:08:42I'm finding this challenge particularly enjoyable,
0:08:42 > 0:08:44mainly because I'm beating Xand,
0:08:44 > 0:08:47but also because I don't have to move my head around a lot
0:08:47 > 0:08:49because I have my peripheral vision.
0:08:49 > 0:08:52- Xand, you're not doing all that well.- Oh!- Hurry!
0:08:52 > 0:08:55- I'm doing my best. - Hurry, fill those beakers!
0:08:56 > 0:09:00What's really difficult about this is that I can't see the table
0:09:00 > 0:09:03very easily and then I don't know where I'm going when I get back.
0:09:03 > 0:09:06Then I miss the jug, I have to keep looking at the cup, look at the jug,
0:09:06 > 0:09:09make sure they match and try and do it all in a hurry.
0:09:09 > 0:09:11OK, hold on, Xand,
0:09:11 > 0:09:13I'm going to pause this competition while I'm ahead
0:09:13 > 0:09:16and make it much harder for you. Lights, please.
0:09:18 > 0:09:19Now I can't see ANYTHING!
0:09:21 > 0:09:23Now, because I have my peripheral vision,
0:09:23 > 0:09:26it's easy for me to see in the dark
0:09:26 > 0:09:29because my rod cells, the edges of my retina,
0:09:29 > 0:09:30are more sensitive to light.
0:09:30 > 0:09:35My cones are really designed for working in bright sunshine and so,
0:09:35 > 0:09:38in this dark, I'm making an absolute mess.
0:09:38 > 0:09:39Come on.
0:09:41 > 0:09:43Come on, Xand, you can still do it.
0:09:43 > 0:09:45- I reckon I can catch... - Ta-da!
0:09:45 > 0:09:47Oh!
0:09:47 > 0:09:49Lights up.
0:09:49 > 0:09:52That didn't quite go to plan.
0:09:52 > 0:09:54So, we've shown you how you can see things out of
0:09:54 > 0:09:56the corner of your eyes at the same time as looking at
0:09:56 > 0:09:58something in front of you.
0:09:58 > 0:10:00And we've also shown you that the rod cells that make up
0:10:00 > 0:10:03your peripheral vision help you see in the dark.
0:10:03 > 0:10:06Well, Xand, that challenge was thirsty work.
0:10:06 > 0:10:08Could you please pass me a full cup of water as...?
0:10:10 > 0:10:12What are you doing?!
0:10:12 > 0:10:15Well, don't blame me, Chris, blame the DRXPVRGs,
0:10:15 > 0:10:17available in shops everywhere!
0:10:23 > 0:10:26I'm hitting the wards with my Ouch bleeper,
0:10:26 > 0:10:29because we've brought Ouch And About inside the hospital.
0:10:30 > 0:10:32- Wow!- Doctor Xand!
0:10:32 > 0:10:35And I'm hitting the streets to answer your medical mysteries.
0:10:36 > 0:10:39In the hospital, Chris has his first call.
0:10:39 > 0:10:42It's from Dan, who has a rash all over his body.
0:10:42 > 0:10:44- What's your question? - My question is,
0:10:44 > 0:10:48what makes the blood vessels burst in Henoch-Schonlein purpura?
0:10:48 > 0:10:50Come again? What's the diagnosis, Doc?
0:10:50 > 0:10:52That sounds to me like a case of...
0:10:56 > 0:10:58That's right mouthful!
0:10:58 > 0:11:00Do you have Henoch-Schonlein purpura?
0:11:00 > 0:11:02- Yes.- And is that why you've got that rash?
0:11:02 > 0:11:05- Yes.- First of all, let's have a little look.
0:11:05 > 0:11:08Do you want to drive the Ouch Cam?
0:11:08 > 0:11:12So, looking here, we can see that the blood vessels have leaked,
0:11:12 > 0:11:13a bit of blood under the skin.
0:11:13 > 0:11:16- That's a good one there. - That's a really good one, isn't it?
0:11:16 > 0:11:20But why does Henoch-Schonlein purpura make this happen?
0:11:20 > 0:11:24Well, this is caused by Dan's own immune system
0:11:24 > 0:11:25attacking his blood vessels.
0:11:25 > 0:11:29The lining of the blood vessels becomes inflamed
0:11:29 > 0:11:31and those blood vessels become leaky.
0:11:31 > 0:11:34Now, Henoch-Schonlein purpura, as weird as it sounds,
0:11:34 > 0:11:38is actually very, very common, and most of the time it gets better
0:11:38 > 0:11:42with either no treatment or a short course of drugs called steroids.
0:11:42 > 0:11:44OK, Dan, you have been an absolute star.
0:11:44 > 0:11:48- Would you like an Operation Ouch sticker?- Yes, please.
0:11:48 > 0:11:51Thanks, Daniel. I'm Ouch And About on the street
0:11:51 > 0:11:53and I think someone has a question for me.
0:11:53 > 0:11:55Why do you cry?
0:11:55 > 0:11:57Why do you cry? That is a really, really good question.
0:11:57 > 0:12:00The main thing about crying is that you're making signals
0:12:00 > 0:12:03to other people that say you're upset.
0:12:03 > 0:12:05Your tear ducts are making tears.
0:12:05 > 0:12:08The tears also run inside your nose
0:12:08 > 0:12:10down a thing called your nasolacrimal duct,
0:12:10 > 0:12:12which means your nose-tear duct,
0:12:12 > 0:12:15and so you get a runny nose and then you're sobbing as well.
0:12:15 > 0:12:18And we have bits of our brain that are very good at
0:12:18 > 0:12:20seeing when people are upset, and then we go and help.
0:12:20 > 0:12:22So, when you're crying, do people help you?
0:12:22 > 0:12:25- Yeah.- Yeah. It's good to have a cry.
0:12:25 > 0:12:27I have a bit of a cry now and then as well.
0:12:27 > 0:12:30Usually when Dr Chris is being mean to me,
0:12:30 > 0:12:31or if I can't find Mr Grumbles.
0:12:31 > 0:12:33Thanks very much, Benjamin.
0:12:33 > 0:12:34Goodbye.
0:12:35 > 0:12:38HE SNORES
0:12:38 > 0:12:41Oi! Chris! No sleeping on the job. You've got another question.
0:12:41 > 0:12:43- BEEPING - Ah!
0:12:43 > 0:12:45It's from nine-year-old Dolly.
0:12:45 > 0:12:47- How do you do?- I'm fine.
0:12:47 > 0:12:50- What's your question? - How does my infusion pump work?
0:12:50 > 0:12:52What's the diagnosis, Doc?
0:12:52 > 0:12:53Sounds like a case of...
0:12:56 > 0:12:59- That's right. - Why are you in hospital?
0:12:59 > 0:13:01Because I've got short bowel syndrome.
0:13:01 > 0:13:03What does that make it difficult for you to do?
0:13:03 > 0:13:06Absorb food properly.
0:13:06 > 0:13:07So, how does Dolly absorb food?
0:13:07 > 0:13:09Into my heart.
0:13:09 > 0:13:10Into your heart?
0:13:10 > 0:13:14Dolly has a tube that goes straight into her heart.
0:13:14 > 0:13:16This allows a special nutrient-packed food
0:13:16 > 0:13:18to be put directly into her bloodstream
0:13:18 > 0:13:21with the help of an infusion pump.
0:13:21 > 0:13:22So, how does it work?
0:13:22 > 0:13:25This is how much food Dolly needs for 12 hours,
0:13:25 > 0:13:28but obviously she can't have it all at once,
0:13:28 > 0:13:32so we trickle it from a tube here down into the infusion pump
0:13:32 > 0:13:35- and then, if you look here... - PUMP BEEPS
0:13:35 > 0:13:40..then when that moves it's like a pair of fingers squeezing food
0:13:40 > 0:13:42along the tube, a bit like squeezing toothpaste,
0:13:42 > 0:13:46so the infusion pump allows a really controlled amount
0:13:46 > 0:13:47to go into Dolly's heart.
0:13:47 > 0:13:50So you can eat stuff with your mouth as well, can't you?
0:13:50 > 0:13:51You just can't eat very much.
0:13:51 > 0:13:53What's your favourite food?
0:13:53 > 0:13:56- Roast dinner.- Roast dinner?
0:13:56 > 0:13:58OK, well, you're not alone there, Dolly.
0:13:58 > 0:14:01I always have tomato ketchup with my potatoes.
0:14:01 > 0:14:03Eurgh! I'm with you, Dolly.
0:14:03 > 0:14:06I think you've earned yourself an Operation Ouch sticker.
0:14:06 > 0:14:09- Good job. Bye!- Bye.
0:14:09 > 0:14:10Job done for today.
0:14:10 > 0:14:11Clinic closed.
0:14:14 > 0:14:18Earlier, Amy landed at A&E with three cuts on her chest.
0:14:18 > 0:14:20She'd been splashing about in a paddling pool
0:14:20 > 0:14:22with her best friend, Erin,
0:14:22 > 0:14:24when she decided to have a nice, cool drink.
0:14:24 > 0:14:27Unfortunately, she slipped and landed on the glass,
0:14:27 > 0:14:29cutting her chest.
0:14:29 > 0:14:33X-rays revealed that there's a chunk of glass deep in one of the cuts,
0:14:33 > 0:14:35so she needs surgery.
0:14:35 > 0:14:38Amy is given an anaesthetic so she will be asleep for the operation
0:14:38 > 0:14:40and won't feel any pain.
0:14:41 > 0:14:44Surgeon Maryam Haneef is ready to fix Amy up.
0:14:46 > 0:14:47As the cuts are deep,
0:14:47 > 0:14:50Dr Maryam needs to check that nothing important
0:14:50 > 0:14:53inside Amy's chest has been damaged.
0:14:53 > 0:14:55Your lungs are protected by the chest wall,
0:14:55 > 0:15:00which includes a cage of 24 ribs and a thick cushion of muscles.
0:15:00 > 0:15:02They're called the intercostal muscles.
0:15:02 > 0:15:05Their job is to move in and out to help you breathe.
0:15:05 > 0:15:09A deep cut through the intercostal muscles could damage your ribs
0:15:09 > 0:15:10or even your lungs.
0:15:12 > 0:15:15OK, so how much damage has Amy done, Doc?
0:15:15 > 0:15:18If you're squeamish, look away now.
0:15:18 > 0:15:19She was very lucky, actually.
0:15:19 > 0:15:21It had just skimmed the surface of her rib.
0:15:21 > 0:15:24It's gone through some of the layers of her muscle,
0:15:24 > 0:15:26but the deeper layers were safe.
0:15:26 > 0:15:28So she's had a close call for that.
0:15:28 > 0:15:30Oh! That's a big piece of glass.
0:15:30 > 0:15:34We made sure that there were no other small pieces left behind
0:15:34 > 0:15:36by feeling inside the wound.
0:15:36 > 0:15:38And I don't feel any glass there at all.
0:15:39 > 0:15:42After the op, Amy is feeling really tired,
0:15:42 > 0:15:45but with a new outfit from Dad, she can't wait to get home.
0:15:45 > 0:15:49There's no doubt that she's been really lucky.
0:15:49 > 0:15:51Bye-bye, Amy. Get better soon.
0:15:53 > 0:15:57Still to come, Chris peers into pioneering research...
0:15:57 > 0:16:00There is a miracle of modern science taking place.
0:16:00 > 0:16:03..and Matthew's bashed his bonce.
0:16:03 > 0:16:05I hit myself on a goalpost.
0:16:08 > 0:16:10In hospital, it's not just the doctors and nurses
0:16:10 > 0:16:12who help you get fixed.
0:16:12 > 0:16:15There are lots of other heroes working behind the scenes.
0:16:15 > 0:16:17Ah, yes!
0:16:17 > 0:16:20What will happen when we have a go at their amazing jobs?
0:16:20 > 0:16:22Welcome to the Dr Chris Show.
0:16:22 > 0:16:23Useless!
0:16:23 > 0:16:26This is Operation Takeover!
0:16:26 > 0:16:30Today's hero is the hospital's very own Dr Showbiz, Vicky Charnock.
0:16:31 > 0:16:34Vicky is in charge of a whole troop of entertainers,
0:16:34 > 0:16:37keeping the patients happy with music, arts,
0:16:37 > 0:16:38crafts and even animation.
0:16:40 > 0:16:42So, Vicki, patients need entertainment,
0:16:42 > 0:16:44but you do more than that, don't you?
0:16:44 > 0:16:46If you participate in arts activities,
0:16:46 > 0:16:49it can make your body feel better and, if your body feels better,
0:16:49 > 0:16:50you can feel less stressed.
0:16:50 > 0:16:52Not just patients but their families as well.
0:16:54 > 0:16:58We join some of the entertainers to find out exactly what's involved.
0:16:58 > 0:17:00So, what do you guys do in the hospital?
0:17:00 > 0:17:04We try to use our music to bring a bit of a calming atmosphere
0:17:04 > 0:17:06and help with the stress levels.
0:17:06 > 0:17:09Sometimes you can see on the monitor a stressed child's heart rate
0:17:09 > 0:17:11actually come down while we are playing.
0:17:13 > 0:17:14Oh, Xand, listen up.
0:17:14 > 0:17:16Do you recognise that tune?
0:17:16 > 0:17:18Of course I do. It's our theme tune.
0:17:20 > 0:17:22Alfie's feeling better already.
0:17:23 > 0:17:26As entertainment is so important to health,
0:17:26 > 0:17:27we need to get in on the act.
0:17:27 > 0:17:29It's time for...
0:17:32 > 0:17:34And we're going to perform a magic show.
0:17:34 > 0:17:36Where's Chris?
0:17:36 > 0:17:37Ah!
0:17:37 > 0:17:39How come you get a cape?
0:17:39 > 0:17:40Because I'm the real magician.
0:17:48 > 0:17:51We've got the toughest audience of all, the patients of Ward 3C.
0:17:51 > 0:17:53Not 3C! Ah!
0:17:55 > 0:17:58Our judges will decide whether it's a magical moment that makes them
0:17:58 > 0:18:01feel better or an embarrassing fail.
0:18:01 > 0:18:04This is looking like a very tough crowd, but I'm not too worried
0:18:04 > 0:18:07because I've got something under my hat.
0:18:07 > 0:18:10I mean, I don't actually have something under my hat,
0:18:10 > 0:18:12it's just an expression, but anyway...
0:18:12 > 0:18:13I'm going to win.
0:18:13 > 0:18:16There's more to being a magician than Xand's fancy cape.
0:18:16 > 0:18:19I've been practising an amazing trick for weeks.
0:18:19 > 0:18:21Well, Chris, I'm up first with my...
0:18:24 > 0:18:26Instructions say I need a cup,
0:18:26 > 0:18:29bottle of real milk and I need a hat.
0:18:29 > 0:18:32- Has anybody got a hat I can borrow? - You're wearing a hat.
0:18:32 > 0:18:34'Oh, I'll use that, then.'
0:18:34 > 0:18:40"Take the milk and pour it into the cup that's in the hat."
0:18:40 > 0:18:43- Xand, the cup isn't in the hat, the cup's on the table.- What?!
0:18:43 > 0:18:44Argh! Oh, no!
0:18:44 > 0:18:47'Unlucky, Xand, it's going wrong.
0:18:47 > 0:18:49'The audience is finding it funny.'
0:18:49 > 0:18:52Do think it'll work if I just put the cup in the hat?
0:18:52 > 0:18:55Now, it says sometimes it works if you use some real magic.
0:18:55 > 0:18:57Can you all say abracadabra, OK?
0:18:57 > 0:18:59One, two,...
0:18:59 > 0:19:02Abracadabra!
0:19:03 > 0:19:06All I can do is try and take the cup out of the hat.
0:19:06 > 0:19:07'Xand's trick worked!'
0:19:07 > 0:19:09THEY CHEER
0:19:09 > 0:19:12- Shall I put it on my head? - There must be milk in the hat.
0:19:12 > 0:19:14Ta-da!
0:19:16 > 0:19:18'That's going to be a tough act to follow.
0:19:18 > 0:19:21'Everyone was smiling and relaxed.
0:19:21 > 0:19:23'But can I beat Xand with my...?'
0:19:25 > 0:19:28What I need something with a hole in it.
0:19:28 > 0:19:30I've got a roll of surgical tape.
0:19:30 > 0:19:32A roll of surgical tape. OK, that will do.
0:19:32 > 0:19:33So then I need a piece of string.
0:19:33 > 0:19:36I think what I'm going to do is I'm going to use my shoelace.
0:19:36 > 0:19:39Who wants to come and grab my shoelace?
0:19:39 > 0:19:40Try pulling that one.
0:19:40 > 0:19:42'Oh, audience participation!
0:19:42 > 0:19:44'Clever idea.'
0:19:44 > 0:19:45We're going to tie a loop in this.
0:19:46 > 0:19:49Now, can you come and pull on that for me?
0:19:50 > 0:19:52Pull on that. Go on!
0:19:52 > 0:19:54Is that tight? It's not going to break.
0:19:54 > 0:19:57Dr Xand, maybe you could come and give me a hand over here.
0:19:57 > 0:20:01For this trick to work, what we have to do is keep the tape on the loop.
0:20:01 > 0:20:03Can you just test that? Is the tape properly there?
0:20:03 > 0:20:05It's not going to fall.
0:20:05 > 0:20:07So I want you to hold that end.
0:20:07 > 0:20:09All I have to do is hold it. I've got it.
0:20:09 > 0:20:11Are you holding it nice and tight?
0:20:11 > 0:20:12Hey! What?!
0:20:12 > 0:20:14'That deserves a replay.
0:20:14 > 0:20:16'There it is, and then it's gone.
0:20:16 > 0:20:17'I'm very impressed.'
0:20:18 > 0:20:20'But what did our judges think?
0:20:20 > 0:20:22'Time for the verdict.'
0:20:22 > 0:20:25Three, two, one...
0:20:25 > 0:20:27Vote.
0:20:27 > 0:20:28Let's have a count up.
0:20:28 > 0:20:30Five votes for me!
0:20:30 > 0:20:31I win!
0:20:31 > 0:20:33OK, OK, but I did get two.
0:20:33 > 0:20:34Yay!
0:20:34 > 0:20:36Hopefully everyone feels less stressed,
0:20:36 > 0:20:38which will help them get well soon.
0:20:38 > 0:20:41Was it better than just sitting in your hospital bed doing nothing?
0:20:41 > 0:20:44- Yes.- (Say yes.)
0:20:44 > 0:20:47'That's something, even if Evie was just trying to please us.'
0:20:47 > 0:20:52You know what I've always wanted to do to the audience on Ward 3C?
0:20:52 > 0:20:53- What's that?- Make them disappear!
0:20:53 > 0:20:55No!
0:20:55 > 0:20:58Well, that was a very impressive piece of magic, Dr Xand.
0:20:58 > 0:20:59Uh, not us too!
0:21:04 > 0:21:07Our next patient thought today would be normal day.
0:21:07 > 0:21:09But then he ended up in the emergency department,
0:21:09 > 0:21:11and that's not normal at all!
0:21:11 > 0:21:14Unless of course you work there, then you'd be there every day.
0:21:14 > 0:21:16If you were a doctor there, you would just go in day after day,
0:21:16 > 0:21:19every day would be the same. It would be completely normal for you.
0:21:19 > 0:21:20Except on weekends.
0:21:22 > 0:21:26Sat in Accident & Emergency with his mum is nine-year-old Matthew.
0:21:26 > 0:21:30I fell over and hit myself on a goalpost.
0:21:30 > 0:21:33Oh, off the post. That sounds painful.
0:21:33 > 0:21:34Let's find out more.
0:21:36 > 0:21:38Matthew was in the playground with his whole class.
0:21:38 > 0:21:40Sounds fun.
0:21:40 > 0:21:43- Sliding...- Ooh, on a helter-skelter?
0:21:43 > 0:21:45No, Xand, he was...
0:21:45 > 0:21:47On a sledge in the snow?
0:21:47 > 0:21:48No, Xand. He was...
0:21:48 > 0:21:51On a giant water slide?
0:21:51 > 0:21:54No, Xand, he was running really fast,
0:21:54 > 0:21:58fell over and ended up sliding into a goalpost headfirst.
0:21:58 > 0:22:00Ouch!
0:22:01 > 0:22:04It's over to Dr Mary Ryan again to have a look at that head.
0:22:04 > 0:22:07You might want to look away now if you're squeamish.
0:22:07 > 0:22:09What part of your head did you hit?
0:22:09 > 0:22:12Oh, the top bit. I'll look in your eyes, Matthew.
0:22:13 > 0:22:16- So, do you think you can follow this light with your eyes?- Yeah.
0:22:16 > 0:22:18Because Matthew had a knock on his head,
0:22:18 > 0:22:22Dr Mary is using this test to check his brain is working correctly.
0:22:22 > 0:22:23Excellent, good man.
0:22:23 > 0:22:25Right, Matthew, so,
0:22:25 > 0:22:28you've not suffered any big ill effects from that, OK?
0:22:28 > 0:22:30I think you're going to be absolutely fine.
0:22:30 > 0:22:33You do need to have a little bit of glue on this cut, OK?
0:22:33 > 0:22:36Because it's just a little bit open and there's a little bit of blood,
0:22:36 > 0:22:37all right? But it's only tiny,
0:22:37 > 0:22:40so we'll glue you back together and you'll be fine.
0:22:40 > 0:22:43Hang tight, I'll get someone in to you, OK?
0:22:43 > 0:22:46Matthew kicks back while he waits for the nurse.
0:22:46 > 0:22:49- Looks quite comfy. - Yeah, it's really comfy.
0:22:49 > 0:22:51Don't go getting any ideas, Xand.
0:22:51 > 0:22:53I was just saying.
0:22:53 > 0:22:56Hiya, I'm Laura. I'm just going to glue your head, OK?
0:22:56 > 0:22:59Matthew's not looking so sure.
0:22:59 > 0:23:03Nurse Laura uses a special medical liquid to glue that gash.
0:23:03 > 0:23:04- OK?- Yeah.
0:23:04 > 0:23:06- Is it hurting?- No.
0:23:07 > 0:23:10- Well done. Can we sit you up? You ready?- Yeah.
0:23:12 > 0:23:15With that cut closed, Matthew is all fixed up.
0:23:15 > 0:23:17Where are you off to, fella?
0:23:17 > 0:23:19Try and get a cookie or something.
0:23:19 > 0:23:21- A cookie?- I think you deserve it.
0:23:21 > 0:23:23Bye!
0:23:28 > 0:23:31Xand, I'm about to do a red blood cell experiment
0:23:31 > 0:23:34and I need a plate of doughnuts that I left here.
0:23:34 > 0:23:37Doughnuts? Why, I don't know anything about a plate of doughnuts.
0:23:37 > 0:23:40Really? It was a plate exactly like this one here.
0:23:40 > 0:23:42It's just, it was full of uneaten doughnuts
0:23:42 > 0:23:45and this seems to have little scraps of eaten doughnut.
0:23:45 > 0:23:47Well, I'd love to help, but you probably just forgot
0:23:47 > 0:23:49- where you put it.- Maybe.
0:23:49 > 0:23:52Unless, of course, someone's eaten them.
0:23:52 > 0:23:54This is not the moment for these baseless accusations.
0:23:54 > 0:23:56It's time for Investigation Ouch!
0:24:10 > 0:24:12This is the Bristol Blood Centre,
0:24:12 > 0:24:14and it's full of blood that has been donated
0:24:14 > 0:24:16by healthy people to help patients.
0:24:16 > 0:24:20In this room is almost half of England's blood supply.
0:24:20 > 0:24:25- Wow!- The blood here is given to patients through bags like these,
0:24:25 > 0:24:27directly into their veins.
0:24:27 > 0:24:28It's called a blood transfusion.
0:24:29 > 0:24:31Most of the time this works very well,
0:24:31 > 0:24:35but just occasionally their immune system starts to reject the blood
0:24:35 > 0:24:37that's being transfused into them.
0:24:39 > 0:24:41So the researchers at Bristol
0:24:41 > 0:24:43have developed an amazing way to make blood
0:24:43 > 0:24:45that won't be rejected.
0:24:45 > 0:24:49Part of that team is top scientist Dr Ash Toye.
0:24:49 > 0:24:52So, Ash, what are you doing here in this lab?
0:24:52 > 0:24:55We're taking a portion of normal donor blood
0:24:55 > 0:24:58and we isolate the stem cells in that portion of normal blood,
0:24:58 > 0:25:00and we grow more stem cells from that
0:25:00 > 0:25:03which we then turn into red blood cells.
0:25:03 > 0:25:07This blood grown from stem cells is purer so it won't get rejected
0:25:07 > 0:25:09- by its recipient.- That's amazing.
0:25:09 > 0:25:12But what are stem cells?
0:25:12 > 0:25:15Different parts of your body are made up of different types of cells.
0:25:15 > 0:25:18They're everywhere - in your blood,
0:25:18 > 0:25:19your brain
0:25:19 > 0:25:21and even your hair.
0:25:21 > 0:25:23Stem cells are your body's spare cells
0:25:23 > 0:25:27which don't have a job yet and are waiting to be told what to do.
0:25:27 > 0:25:30What's brilliant is that scientists like Ash have found a way of doing
0:25:30 > 0:25:33what your body does naturally in a lab -
0:25:33 > 0:25:36turning stem cells into red blood cells.
0:25:36 > 0:25:39In this slightly unremarkable-looking flask
0:25:39 > 0:25:42there is almost a miracle of modern science taking place.
0:25:42 > 0:25:45How do you make sure that these cells become red blood cells?
0:25:45 > 0:25:49They are in a really rich nutrient solution that helps the cell
0:25:49 > 0:25:52know that it wants to be a red blood cell.
0:25:52 > 0:25:54This is a real image of a stem cell.
0:25:54 > 0:25:57Every stem cell has a nucleus in its centre.
0:25:57 > 0:25:59But red blood cells don't.
0:25:59 > 0:26:00And there's a reason for that -
0:26:00 > 0:26:02they have to be tiny enough to squeeze through
0:26:02 > 0:26:04the smallest blood vessels in your body.
0:26:04 > 0:26:07So the first thing that has to happen to a stem cell
0:26:07 > 0:26:09if it's going to turn into a red blood cell
0:26:09 > 0:26:12is it needs to lose its nucleus.
0:26:12 > 0:26:15To demonstrate this, I've had to get some more doughnuts.
0:26:15 > 0:26:18I've still got no idea what happened to the other ones I bought.
0:26:18 > 0:26:20If you have a cell with a nucleus
0:26:20 > 0:26:22and you try and squeeze it through the blood vessels,
0:26:22 > 0:26:25you can see it doesn't really work very well.
0:26:25 > 0:26:27You can get it in, but...
0:26:28 > 0:26:31..it damages the cell pretty badly.
0:26:31 > 0:26:33'If I remove the jam - sorry, nucleus -
0:26:33 > 0:26:35'it will turn into a red blood cell.'
0:26:35 > 0:26:39So that's ended up as a sort of squashed disc shape.
0:26:39 > 0:26:43And that's the special shape that the red blood cell has to have
0:26:43 > 0:26:46- to be more flexible. - And it is a tight fit,
0:26:46 > 0:26:48but it'll get through and remain undamaged.
0:26:48 > 0:26:53So it can squeeze to about half its size because you no longer
0:26:53 > 0:26:55have that nucleus in the way.
0:26:55 > 0:26:57That is why red cells have to lose their nucleus.
0:26:58 > 0:27:01'Let's take a look at this under the microscope.'
0:27:01 > 0:27:04Here's an example there where you can see these cells
0:27:04 > 0:27:07with no dark nucleus. They are basically red blood cells.
0:27:07 > 0:27:09The hope is that in a couple of years,
0:27:09 > 0:27:13patients whose bodies reject donor blood will benefit from this pure
0:27:13 > 0:27:16lab blood made from stem cells.
0:27:16 > 0:27:18And this is the final product.
0:27:18 > 0:27:22This is 100 billion red blood cells.
0:27:22 > 0:27:23It might not look like much,
0:27:23 > 0:27:26but this is the most that anyone in the world
0:27:26 > 0:27:30has ever managed to produce from the stem cells of a single donor.
0:27:30 > 0:27:31Wow!
0:27:32 > 0:27:35Next time on Operation Ouch! Hospital takeover...
0:27:35 > 0:27:36Go, you Greens!
0:27:36 > 0:27:38..there's a battle in the lab.
0:27:38 > 0:27:40It's all over for the fungus.
0:27:40 > 0:27:42Find out why this makes Xand say...
0:27:42 > 0:27:43Wow!
0:27:43 > 0:27:45And we get stuck in.
0:27:45 > 0:27:46Oh, yuck.
0:27:47 > 0:27:51But we'll see you next time for some more Operation Ouch!
0:27:52 > 0:27:55Chris? Chris?!
0:27:55 > 0:27:56Coming up today on...
0:28:02 > 0:28:03Operation Ouch!
0:28:04 > 0:28:07XAND LAUGHS
0:28:07 > 0:28:10And the success of the invention of the Doctor Xand Visual...
0:28:10 > 0:28:12HE MUMBLES