0:00:23 > 0:00:24He's Dr Chris.
0:00:24 > 0:00:26And he's Dr Xand.
0:00:26 > 0:00:28- And we're... BOTH:- ..identical twins!
0:00:28 > 0:00:31Well, we were until you grew your beard!
0:00:31 > 0:00:32In this series, we're taking over
0:00:32 > 0:00:34one of the biggest children's hospitals
0:00:34 > 0:00:37in Europe - the amazing Alder Hey in Liverpool.
0:00:38 > 0:00:40'We go head-to-head as we take on
0:00:40 > 0:00:43'some of our hospitals' most important jobs.'
0:00:43 > 0:00:46This isn't going well.
0:00:46 > 0:00:49'Ouch And About hits the wards for more medical mysteries.'
0:00:49 > 0:00:51That is a hole going inside your stomach.
0:00:51 > 0:00:53Yes.
0:00:53 > 0:00:55'And we meet our brilliant Ouch Patients,
0:00:55 > 0:00:58'who come in for regular treatment.'
0:00:58 > 0:01:02- Hi!- We've hidden our lab in a top-secret location...
0:01:02 > 0:01:05..and our experiments just...
0:01:05 > 0:01:07got... HE BURPS
0:01:07 > 0:01:08..bigger!
0:01:08 > 0:01:11- Argh!- You guys are crazy!
0:01:11 > 0:01:15So, are you ready to join us? It's going to be out of this world!
0:01:15 > 0:01:18- Take us down... - BOTH:- ..back to Earth!
0:01:18 > 0:01:19Coming up today on...
0:01:22 > 0:01:24..Operation Ouch!...
0:01:27 > 0:01:28'..we scrub up...'
0:01:28 > 0:01:31- Oh, yuck! - '..Hayden has heart surgery...'
0:01:31 > 0:01:34- You've just joined the zipper club, is that right?- Yeah.
0:01:34 > 0:01:37- '..and there's a battle in the lab.' - It's all over for the fungus!
0:01:37 > 0:01:40- 'But first...' - In the emergency department,
0:01:40 > 0:01:43the team are getting ready for their first patient.
0:01:43 > 0:01:48What? Their first patient ever? I mean, what have they been up to?
0:01:48 > 0:01:50They need to put a sign up. I mean, I would have thought
0:01:50 > 0:01:54at least they would have seen some patients before. Totally bizarre!
0:01:54 > 0:01:57- I just can't understand it... - Let's go and meet them.
0:01:58 > 0:02:00Our first patient for today
0:02:00 > 0:02:03is five-year-old Evie, with blood on her face.
0:02:03 > 0:02:07We was playing and then me nose was bleeding.
0:02:07 > 0:02:09Ooh, that's one sore schnozzle.
0:02:09 > 0:02:16When the blood come out, it come out all over me school dress.
0:02:16 > 0:02:17Oh, no! How did it happen?
0:02:19 > 0:02:22Evie and her mate Liam love hanging out in the park.
0:02:22 > 0:02:24Me too! Yippee!
0:02:25 > 0:02:29So they were excited when they saw some new exercise equipment.
0:02:29 > 0:02:31Yes, brilliant, let's keep fit!
0:02:31 > 0:02:35And lunge, and lunge, and lunge...
0:02:35 > 0:02:38Liam was the first to have a go on the cross trainer.
0:02:38 > 0:02:42Go, Liam! Feel the burn! Work it!
0:02:42 > 0:02:43But, when Evie climbed on,
0:02:43 > 0:02:47she slipped and the handle hit her on the nose.
0:02:47 > 0:02:51- BOTH:- Ouch!- Cut noses seem to run in this family.
0:02:51 > 0:02:53Dad cut his as a kid, too.
0:02:53 > 0:02:55Me brother threw a spade at me!
0:02:55 > 0:02:58Yikes! Definitely avoid doing that at home.
0:02:58 > 0:03:00Let's get Dr Naomi Simmons in,
0:03:00 > 0:03:03because Evie has a few things to ask.
0:03:03 > 0:03:05How long am I staying here?
0:03:05 > 0:03:07Hopefully not very long, sweetheart.
0:03:07 > 0:03:10Let's just have a little look up your nose.
0:03:10 > 0:03:12How are you going to do that?
0:03:12 > 0:03:14With a magic light.
0:03:14 > 0:03:18- Will you just shine a light on it? - Exactly, that's all I'm doing.
0:03:18 > 0:03:19Excellent questions, Evie.
0:03:19 > 0:03:24So, that nostril looks beautiful, and that nostril looks beautiful.
0:03:24 > 0:03:26Good girl, Evie.
0:03:26 > 0:03:30We'll get it all cleaned up and then we'll be able to see better exactly
0:03:30 > 0:03:32what needs doing to close it up.
0:03:32 > 0:03:35Dr Naomi has asked Nurse Linda to clean the wound...
0:03:35 > 0:03:37Has the blood all cleaned up?
0:03:37 > 0:03:40The blood is nearly all cleaned up.
0:03:40 > 0:03:43..and to have a go at sealing it with butterfly strips.
0:03:43 > 0:03:46These plasters might look thin, but they're very strong.
0:03:46 > 0:03:50If this works, Evie won't need surgery.
0:03:50 > 0:03:51What's the verdict, Doc?
0:03:51 > 0:03:53Because of the position that it's in,
0:03:53 > 0:03:56because it's wanting to almost pull itself open again,
0:03:56 > 0:03:58it probably would be best for her
0:03:58 > 0:04:01to come back to see the plastics doctors tomorrow morning.
0:04:01 > 0:04:04So, Evie will have to come back tomorrow to see a surgeon.
0:04:04 > 0:04:06They'll decide whether she needs
0:04:06 > 0:04:09an operation to close the cut with stitches.
0:04:09 > 0:04:11- DAD:- She's got a school trip tomorrow, as well.
0:04:11 > 0:04:13I don't want to miss it!
0:04:13 > 0:04:16- DR NAOMI:- What time is it? - Nine o'clock.
0:04:16 > 0:04:19Well, you might have to miss your school trip, Evie.
0:04:19 > 0:04:24So, it's surgery or the school trip. Find out later which one it will be!
0:04:24 > 0:04:27- Bye, Evie!- Bye!
0:04:32 > 0:04:36In hospital, it's not just doctors and nurses who help to get you
0:04:36 > 0:04:40- fixed.- There are lots of other heroes working behind the scenes.
0:04:40 > 0:04:41Ah, yes!
0:04:41 > 0:04:44'What will happen when we have a go at their amazing jobs?'
0:04:44 > 0:04:46I'm going to make your eardrums burst!
0:04:46 > 0:04:48Useless!
0:04:48 > 0:04:50This is Operation Takeover.
0:04:53 > 0:04:57Today's Hospital Heroes are Pat, Sue and Lindsey,
0:04:57 > 0:05:00who are part of the cleaning or domestic services team.
0:05:01 > 0:05:04It's not just doctors and nurses helping save lives.
0:05:04 > 0:05:07Without these hospital heroes keeping this place spotless,
0:05:07 > 0:05:11infection could spread and put patients at risk.
0:05:11 > 0:05:13How much of the hospital has to be cleaned?
0:05:13 > 0:05:16- All of it.- And how much hospital is there to clean?
0:05:16 > 0:05:20Well, the floor area is bigger than seven football pitches.
0:05:20 > 0:05:23- Really?- Yeah.
0:05:23 > 0:05:26'Wow! And everything in this hospital has to be kept super-clean,
0:05:26 > 0:05:28'including this bath.'
0:05:28 > 0:05:32So, Pat, every bathtub I've ever used has had, like,
0:05:32 > 0:05:37a line of dirt all the way around here. Isn't that every bathtub?
0:05:37 > 0:05:41Not in here, it's not. Not with us domestics!
0:05:41 > 0:05:44And it's not just baths that need buffing.
0:05:44 > 0:05:48The floors need a good clean, too, and there's a special technique.
0:05:48 > 0:05:49You have to do a figure eight.
0:05:49 > 0:05:53- So as you're doing it, you're taking all the bits up as well.- OK.
0:05:53 > 0:05:55'Time for us to get stuck in.'
0:05:58 > 0:06:00What do you think of Chris's technique?
0:06:00 > 0:06:01- Yeah, very good. - Are you just being nice?
0:06:01 > 0:06:04- No.- It wasn't as graceful as you.
0:06:04 > 0:06:06It wasn't stylish, but it got the job done!
0:06:06 > 0:06:09- You have a little go.- Here we go, this is what I'd do.
0:06:09 > 0:06:11DR XAND HUMS
0:06:16 > 0:06:19- That was terrible! - What was wrong with it?
0:06:19 > 0:06:23- Pat?- Well, the floor's wet, you could slip.
0:06:23 > 0:06:25But marks for style, out of ten?
0:06:26 > 0:06:28Seven.
0:06:33 > 0:06:34One of the most important places
0:06:34 > 0:06:38to keep germ-free is the operating theatre.
0:06:38 > 0:06:41Every surface, floor and wall gets cleaned twice.
0:06:41 > 0:06:45Sue, you clean everything once and then Cathy cleans it again,
0:06:45 > 0:06:48- and that's a deep clean.- Yeah, that's making sure nothing's missed.
0:06:48 > 0:06:53So, I start, and then Cathy comes after me.
0:06:53 > 0:06:54The theatres are then closed
0:06:54 > 0:06:57and no-one is allowed to enter before the surgeon.
0:06:59 > 0:07:02We've seen how important it is to keep the hospital clean.
0:07:02 > 0:07:04But which one of us is going to clean up
0:07:04 > 0:07:09in the Hospital Takeover Challenge? Eh? "Clean up," get it? "Clean up?"
0:07:13 > 0:07:15Our challenge is set by Lindsey,
0:07:15 > 0:07:18who's an expert in cleaning babies' incubators.
0:07:18 > 0:07:22- What's your challenge for us?- My challenge is to clean an incubator,
0:07:22 > 0:07:24where the premature babies go when they're really sick.
0:07:24 > 0:07:29- Are these difficult to clean?- Yeah, there's lots of nooks and crannies.
0:07:29 > 0:07:32'Babies that need to be put in incubators are always vulnerable to
0:07:32 > 0:07:34'infection, so it's crucial
0:07:34 > 0:07:36'that their cots are completely germ-free.
0:07:36 > 0:07:39'Lindsey must use a fresh cloth when working each section,
0:07:39 > 0:07:42'to avoid contamination.'
0:07:42 > 0:07:45We're getting our strategy sorted out for the cleaning challenge.
0:07:45 > 0:07:48Xand, what strategy are you going to adopt?
0:07:48 > 0:07:50Can you not distract me, please? I'm trying to focus.
0:07:51 > 0:07:54Ready, steady, clean!
0:07:54 > 0:07:56'This challenge is really difficult.'
0:07:56 > 0:07:58Oh, come on!
0:07:58 > 0:08:01'We have to dismantle the incubator AND put it back together!'
0:08:01 > 0:08:05It's hard to clean the incubator when you can't take it to pieces.
0:08:05 > 0:08:08OK, hang on, hang on, hang on. I've got this...
0:08:08 > 0:08:10Ah! Yes!
0:08:10 > 0:08:11Oh, yuck!
0:08:11 > 0:08:14This dried milk is a bit harder to get off than I thought it would be.
0:08:14 > 0:08:16Just harder.
0:08:16 > 0:08:18- Harder?- Yes, harder.
0:08:19 > 0:08:22- You're never going to get finished! - That's not helpful.
0:08:22 > 0:08:24We've got to keep changing cloth.
0:08:24 > 0:08:26I haven't changed my cloth in ten minutes!
0:08:26 > 0:08:28You could eat your tea off this bit.
0:08:29 > 0:08:31- Get a bit of spit on there? - Is that allowed?
0:08:31 > 0:08:34You're putting your germs on.
0:08:34 > 0:08:37- That's bad.- Ten, nine, eight...
0:08:37 > 0:08:40'These incubators have to be germ-free.'
0:08:40 > 0:08:42..five, four...
0:08:42 > 0:08:45'And Lindsey has a special way of testing for germs.'
0:08:45 > 0:08:47..one!
0:08:47 > 0:08:49This incubator is ready to have a baby in it.
0:08:49 > 0:08:52'I don't think so, Chris. It looks a bit wonky to me.
0:08:54 > 0:08:56'Mm, maybe. But let's see whose is the cleanest.'
0:08:56 > 0:08:59This machine detects the lowest number of germs.
0:08:59 > 0:09:02Whoever's got the lowest score is the overall winner.
0:09:02 > 0:09:05'Lindsey inspects the incubators to measure the muck.
0:09:06 > 0:09:09'She takes swabs from various places,
0:09:09 > 0:09:11'and when she puts them in the monitor,
0:09:11 > 0:09:14'it gives a reading of how many germs are still present.'
0:09:17 > 0:09:21There was two scores, 505 and 351.
0:09:21 > 0:09:24The winner, with the lowest score, is...
0:09:26 > 0:09:28..green.
0:09:28 > 0:09:30I was robbed.
0:09:30 > 0:09:32What score do you normally get, Lindsey?
0:09:32 > 0:09:34Three or two.
0:09:34 > 0:09:37So, will our incubators now be returned to intensive care,
0:09:37 > 0:09:39for sick babies to be put into?
0:09:39 > 0:09:41No, I'll have to clean them again.
0:09:41 > 0:09:44We've made it a little easier for you...?
0:09:44 > 0:09:45- Not really.- Well, Chris,
0:09:45 > 0:09:49I think it's clear the real heroes here are the domestic services
0:09:49 > 0:09:51teams, like Lindsey, Pat and Sue,
0:09:51 > 0:09:55who are helping to prevent infections all over the hospital.
0:09:55 > 0:09:57'Time to hand back our aprons to the professionals.'
0:10:02 > 0:10:06Meet Ruby, Hayden, Holly and Tola. We're following them
0:10:06 > 0:10:09across the series as they let us know what it's like
0:10:09 > 0:10:11to be a regular hospital outpatient.
0:10:11 > 0:10:15They've given us exclusive access to their lives as they undergo
0:10:15 > 0:10:18treatment. Let's catch up with our Ouch Patient Hayden.
0:10:18 > 0:10:20- Hello, Hayden!- Hello!
0:10:20 > 0:10:24Hayden has Marfan syndrome, which has led to his heart
0:10:24 > 0:10:27not working properly, so he needs heart surgery.
0:10:27 > 0:10:30- Go get it, Buster.- Last time, we met Hayden and Buster, the dog.
0:10:30 > 0:10:33Hayden was at home getting ready to go to hospital.
0:10:33 > 0:10:36But now it's nearly time for the big operation.
0:10:36 > 0:10:39The surgeon who will be doing the op has come to see Hayden,
0:10:39 > 0:10:41Mr Ramana Dhannapuneni.
0:10:41 > 0:10:46- We'll put you to sleep.- Yeah.- Then you don't know anything whatsoever.
0:10:46 > 0:10:48I'll probably forget where I even am.
0:10:48 > 0:10:52- You probably will!- The surgery will take around seven hours,
0:10:52 > 0:10:55but to cheer him through, a crowd has gathered outside.
0:10:55 > 0:10:59- That's not for Hayden, silly! - Oh! Who's it for?
0:10:59 > 0:11:00The Queen.
0:11:00 > 0:11:03- The Queen?! Wow!- More of that later.
0:11:03 > 0:11:07For now, Hayden's getting his own VIP treatment in Theatre 5.
0:11:07 > 0:11:10You may want to look away if you're squeamish, as you're about to see
0:11:10 > 0:11:12Hayden's heart. Ready?
0:11:12 > 0:11:15And here it is. How amazing is that?
0:11:15 > 0:11:18Hayden's operation is to fix his aorta.
0:11:18 > 0:11:20This is the main blood vessel
0:11:20 > 0:11:23leaving your heart, and it's the biggest vessel in your body.
0:11:23 > 0:11:27Because of his condition, the valve in Hayden's aorta is leaking.
0:11:27 > 0:11:30Here comes Hayden's heart again, so look away if you're squeamish.
0:11:30 > 0:11:35Mr Dhannapuneni inserts some plastic tubing in an attempt to repair
0:11:35 > 0:11:38Hayden's aorta. If this fails, Hayden will need a mechanical
0:11:38 > 0:11:41implant to make his heart work properly.
0:11:41 > 0:11:45Remember I said the crowds are here for the Queen? Well, here she is!
0:11:45 > 0:11:49She's come to officially open this brand-new Alder Hey Hospital.
0:11:49 > 0:11:51While there are royal goings-on outside,
0:11:51 > 0:11:55inside, Hayden is being treated like royalty himself.
0:11:55 > 0:11:58And there's some good news from the operating theatre.
0:11:58 > 0:12:00So, the operation went very well.
0:12:00 > 0:12:03We managed to preserve the aortic valve really well, which gives him
0:12:03 > 0:12:06a better quality of life, so he can play like any other kid.
0:12:06 > 0:12:10'That's fantastic. Hayden may not have seen Her Majesty,
0:12:10 > 0:12:13'but the next best thing to royalty has got to be us, surely?'
0:12:13 > 0:12:17- Hayden, how are you doing?- Good.- And you've got your appetite back?- Yes.
0:12:17 > 0:12:20- How was dinner?- Good. - Is it?- Amazing.
0:12:20 > 0:12:22You've just joined the zipper club, is that right?
0:12:22 > 0:12:24- Yes.- And, hold on, who's this?
0:12:24 > 0:12:28This is Buster, my puppy. He's been waiting for me to come home.
0:12:28 > 0:12:30'Well, you'll be home soon, Hayden.'
0:12:30 > 0:12:33Listen, guys, it's been very nice, but I want to eat my tea.
0:12:33 > 0:12:35Right, Xand. We don't need telling twice.
0:12:35 > 0:12:38- Very nice to see you, Hayden. - Enjoy your sausages.
0:12:38 > 0:12:41- What you want is patients that throw out their doctors.- Exactly.
0:12:41 > 0:12:42That's good news.
0:12:42 > 0:12:45'Find out how Hayden's recovery goes later in the series.'
0:12:48 > 0:12:51Time to head back to the emergency department to see how our patient
0:12:51 > 0:12:54- is getting on.- Come on, Chris!
0:12:54 > 0:12:56Xand, it's that way.
0:12:57 > 0:12:59Come on, Chris!
0:13:01 > 0:13:06Earlier in our emergency department, we had a nosy at Evie's cut nose.
0:13:06 > 0:13:09She'd been playing with her mate Liam in the park on some outdoor
0:13:09 > 0:13:13- exercise machines.- But when Evie climbed on,
0:13:13 > 0:13:16she slipped and the handle hit her on the nose.
0:13:16 > 0:13:19Evie's come to see the surgical team
0:13:19 > 0:13:21to find out if she needs an operation.
0:13:21 > 0:13:25- Luckily, Dr Susie Yao "nose" what to do.- What's the plan?
0:13:25 > 0:13:28What I need to do is have a really quick look. Is that OK?
0:13:28 > 0:13:31Dr Susie needs to work out if the butterfly strips have done a good
0:13:31 > 0:13:34job or whether Evie needs stitches.
0:13:34 > 0:13:37With this type of cut, both options will leave a small scar,
0:13:37 > 0:13:39just like her dad's.
0:13:39 > 0:13:43A scar can happen when skin heals after a cut.
0:13:43 > 0:13:46Healthy skin is made up of cells and proteins arranged in a crisscross
0:13:46 > 0:13:50pattern. It's called the extracellular matrix.
0:13:50 > 0:13:53When you get a cut, sometimes scar tissue forms,
0:13:53 > 0:13:57when the cells and proteins heal in a straight pattern, and it can
0:13:57 > 0:13:59make the skin look shiny or a different colour.
0:14:01 > 0:14:03Evie is hoping to avoid having an operation,
0:14:03 > 0:14:06because she has a school trip to get to which starts in an hour.
0:14:06 > 0:14:10Do you know what? That's done very, very well.
0:14:10 > 0:14:13They've done a really, really good job of basically bringing the cut
0:14:13 > 0:14:15together, so actually, I'm not really worried about it.
0:14:15 > 0:14:18Hooray! Evie's avoided surgery.
0:14:18 > 0:14:21- DAD:- Looks like you might make your trip, Evie.
0:14:21 > 0:14:24With a quick clean and brand-new butterfly strips,
0:14:24 > 0:14:26Evie should just about make it.
0:14:26 > 0:14:28Well done, you, OK?
0:14:29 > 0:14:32Next time you see gym equipment in the park, what are you going to do?
0:14:32 > 0:14:34Not go on it.
0:14:34 > 0:14:36I was thinking just be more careful.
0:14:36 > 0:14:38- Bye!- Bye!- BOTH: Bye, Evie!
0:14:39 > 0:14:41'Still to come...'
0:14:41 > 0:14:43I am Lymph Node Man!
0:14:43 > 0:14:46- '..Holly's back in Ouch Patients...' - Hi, everyone.
0:14:46 > 0:14:49'..and find out why I'm wearing this.'
0:14:49 > 0:14:51Wow!
0:14:51 > 0:14:55Did you know that you have between 20 and 40 billion white blood
0:14:55 > 0:15:00- cells in your body?- They are like an army of germ-fighting warriors
0:15:00 > 0:15:03waiting to attack invaders like viruses and bacteria.
0:15:08 > 0:15:09'And now to our lab,
0:15:09 > 0:15:13'but this time we've hidden it in a top-secret location.'
0:15:13 > 0:15:16'So secret that even Xand doesn't know where it is.'
0:15:17 > 0:15:19What are you doing?!
0:15:19 > 0:15:21'It's time for some amazing experiments.
0:15:21 > 0:15:25'Just don't try ANYTHING you see here at home.
0:15:25 > 0:15:28'Today, we're finding out how your immune system works.'
0:15:31 > 0:15:35- How are you feeling, Chris?- Fine. - Well, your temperature's normal.
0:15:35 > 0:15:38- Didn't feel anything in your neck. - Of course my temperature's normal.
0:15:38 > 0:15:42- Open up.- I'm not ill. - Say, "Ah".- Ah.
0:15:42 > 0:15:46Looks all right to me. I don't think there's anything wrong with him.
0:15:46 > 0:15:50- There isn't anything wrong with me. I'm not ill.- Why didn't you say so?
0:15:50 > 0:15:52I did say so. I...
0:15:52 > 0:15:55Now, when you've been ill, you might have had the doctor
0:15:55 > 0:15:57do checks on you just like the ones I just
0:15:57 > 0:16:02did on Chris. The reason for that is that this area is full of lymph
0:16:02 > 0:16:05nodes, or glands, that get swollen when you get an infection.
0:16:05 > 0:16:08By feeling them, you can tell if someone's ill.
0:16:08 > 0:16:10Your immune system is a network of cells,
0:16:10 > 0:16:14tissues and organs that work to protect your body from infection.
0:16:14 > 0:16:17Your lymph nodes are a really important part of this network,
0:16:17 > 0:16:20so let's take a look at one over here.
0:16:23 > 0:16:26This is from a pig, but it's very similar to your lymph node.
0:16:26 > 0:16:29You have lots of lymph nodes like this, some in your neck but also
0:16:29 > 0:16:32in your groin, your armpits, behind your knees
0:16:32 > 0:16:35and, in fact, spread all over your body.
0:16:35 > 0:16:37Now, most of yours are much smaller than this,
0:16:37 > 0:16:40- smaller, in fact, than a pea. - They may be small, Chris,
0:16:40 > 0:16:43but these little lymph nodes have a big job to do.
0:16:43 > 0:16:46Now, they're packed with white blood cells, or leukocytes,
0:16:46 > 0:16:50and these are the super cells of your immune system that fight off
0:16:50 > 0:16:55bacteria, viruses and fungi that can make you ill.
0:16:55 > 0:16:57So, any bugs that get filtered
0:16:57 > 0:16:59and sent to the lymph node are dealt with.
0:16:59 > 0:17:02And you wouldn't want to mess with a leukocyte, let me tell you.
0:17:02 > 0:17:06That's right, Xand. And you're about to find out exactly how tough these
0:17:06 > 0:17:09bug-fighting cells really are.
0:17:10 > 0:17:12I'm going to take a sample of Xand's blood
0:17:12 > 0:17:14and infect it with a very nasty fungus.
0:17:14 > 0:17:18And we're going to watch your white blood cells, or leukocytes,
0:17:18 > 0:17:21- fight the bad fungus off. - Take my arm and take my blood.
0:17:21 > 0:17:24And while you do, I will address the troops.
0:17:24 > 0:17:26I mean the cells.
0:17:26 > 0:17:28Cells, I expect... PATRIOTIC MUSIC PLAYS
0:17:28 > 0:17:30..that every one of you will do your duty.
0:17:30 > 0:17:33We shall fight them in the lymph nodes,
0:17:33 > 0:17:35we shall fight them in the spleen.
0:17:35 > 0:17:37But we shall never surrender.
0:17:37 > 0:17:39'Er, OK, Xand.'
0:17:39 > 0:17:43So, here is a sample of Xand's blood, complete with leukocytes.
0:17:43 > 0:17:47And here is a sample of very nasty fungus.
0:17:47 > 0:17:49Well, mix them together, let battle commence.
0:17:49 > 0:17:53No, Xand, because we can only do this in a specialised infection
0:17:53 > 0:17:56- laboratory.- I've got one of those in the cupboard.
0:17:56 > 0:17:58In that case, you can take them.
0:18:00 > 0:18:01'And a few hours later...'
0:18:01 > 0:18:03Chris, I've got it!
0:18:03 > 0:18:07The video of the battle between the fungus and my leukocytes.
0:18:07 > 0:18:09'Let's put it on!'
0:18:09 > 0:18:12OK, so we can see a sped-up version of the fungus
0:18:12 > 0:18:13and Xand's white blood cells.
0:18:13 > 0:18:16The green blobs, they're the deadly fungus.
0:18:16 > 0:18:19And the grainy black and white cells are Xand's leukocytes.
0:18:19 > 0:18:20Go, you greens!
0:18:20 > 0:18:24- No, Xand, the green ones are the fungus.- Right. Don't go, you greens!
0:18:24 > 0:18:26Now, have a look closely at this guy.
0:18:26 > 0:18:29He's moving around, he's getting more and more angry,
0:18:29 > 0:18:32and he's surrounded that little bit of fungus.
0:18:32 > 0:18:35And he's phagocytosed him!
0:18:35 > 0:18:38He's eaten him! It's all over for the fungus!
0:18:38 > 0:18:42Look at Xand's leukocyte moving in and gobbling up that nasty fungus.
0:18:43 > 0:18:47Wow! That's my immune system at work. Amazing!
0:18:47 > 0:18:51I have to hand it to you, Xand, that was pretty impressive stuff.
0:18:51 > 0:18:55Seems like your leukocytes were made of tough stuff after all.
0:18:55 > 0:18:58We've shown that your lymph nodes are a really important part of your
0:18:58 > 0:19:00immune system...
0:19:00 > 0:19:04..and that they're packed with leukocytes to fight off nasty bugs.
0:19:04 > 0:19:07So, the next time they pop up in your neck or feel a bit swollen,
0:19:07 > 0:19:10remember to thank them for looking after you.
0:19:10 > 0:19:12Yes, because they may be small in size but they're practically
0:19:12 > 0:19:17superheroes, because inside each lymph node is a strong army
0:19:17 > 0:19:21of leukocytes, ready to fight off invaders any time they appear.
0:19:21 > 0:19:23Isn't that right, Xand?
0:19:23 > 0:19:25- Xand?- Who is this Xand you speak of?
0:19:25 > 0:19:27I am Lymph Node Man!
0:19:30 > 0:19:33Ah, well, in that case, you're in luck, Xand. I mean Lymph Node Man.
0:19:33 > 0:19:37I saw a load of bacterial and fungal invaders heading that way.
0:19:37 > 0:19:40- How nasty were they?- Very nasty.
0:19:40 > 0:19:42I have to change my cape.
0:19:44 > 0:19:47Now let's catch up with our next Ouch Patient.
0:19:47 > 0:19:50Hi, everyone, it's me, Holly, again today.
0:19:50 > 0:19:53Nine-year-old Holly has cerebral palsy.
0:19:53 > 0:19:56This effects her muscle control and movement.
0:19:56 > 0:19:59Last time, Holly showed us how she gets about at home.
0:20:00 > 0:20:02Today, Holly is going to physio.
0:20:02 > 0:20:08I do physio every day, but I see my physio every week.
0:20:08 > 0:20:12Holly comes to the clinic here at Alder Hey in the community
0:20:12 > 0:20:14to see her physiotherapist, Rosemary.
0:20:14 > 0:20:16Right, the next ones are like mini sit-ups.
0:20:16 > 0:20:19These exercises help improve Holly's movement.
0:20:19 > 0:20:24Good control! Double high five on that, well done! That was great!
0:20:24 > 0:20:26We look after the body, but, mostly,
0:20:26 > 0:20:29we want to make sure the kids can do what they want to do in the way they
0:20:29 > 0:20:33- want to do it.- I'm really happy with how it went because I've been able
0:20:33 > 0:20:37to move my legs and my hip a lot easier, so that's really good.
0:20:40 > 0:20:43Wow! This looks brilliant. How often do you get in the pool, Holly?
0:20:43 > 0:20:47I go swimming every Thursday after school.
0:20:47 > 0:20:51The pool means Holly gets some great exercise, plus it's lots of fun.
0:20:51 > 0:20:54My favourite thing to do is front stroke.
0:20:54 > 0:20:58Last week I did 150 metres in 40 minutes.
0:20:58 > 0:21:00That's cool.
0:21:00 > 0:21:02That was harder than you think it is.
0:21:02 > 0:21:03Looked pretty hard to me.
0:21:03 > 0:21:06But it makes me feel kind of free,
0:21:06 > 0:21:09especially when I've been stuck in a chair all day.
0:21:09 > 0:21:11When you get out into this pool,
0:21:11 > 0:21:15there's so much space and you can move everywhere, you know.
0:21:15 > 0:21:18- Nice one, Holly. - See you next time!
0:21:26 > 0:21:28Every second of every day,
0:21:28 > 0:21:32your brain is choosing what to ignore and what to pay attention to.
0:21:32 > 0:21:37But we all hear, see and feel the world in different ways.
0:21:37 > 0:21:40There's one condition, though, that really impacts how
0:21:40 > 0:21:43you communicate with people around you and sense
0:21:43 > 0:21:45the world. It affects over one in 100 people
0:21:45 > 0:21:50and it's called autism spectrum disorder, or autism, for short.
0:21:50 > 0:21:53'This is Alex. He's ten and he has autism.'
0:21:53 > 0:21:57So, Alex, if you have to explain to people what it's like for you having
0:21:57 > 0:21:59autism, what do you say?
0:21:59 > 0:22:03It can cause me a lot of difficulties in day-to-day life...
0:22:04 > 0:22:08..because I absolutely loathe crowds and busy areas
0:22:08 > 0:22:11and people brushing past me.
0:22:11 > 0:22:15Someone with autism is on the autism spectrum. This is like a scale,
0:22:15 > 0:22:18and different people are affected in different ways.
0:22:18 > 0:22:22We've come to the park and set up an experiment to demonstrate how Alex's
0:22:22 > 0:22:24autism affects his senses.
0:22:24 > 0:22:27What I've done is I've labelled the faders,
0:22:27 > 0:22:30which are like the volume knobs, with different sounds.
0:22:30 > 0:22:32And these are all the sounds we can hear around us.
0:22:32 > 0:22:35And when you're talking, I know there's a bit of traffic,
0:22:35 > 0:22:36there's some birds singing,
0:22:36 > 0:22:40I can hear the kids playing over there, there's a dog barking.
0:22:40 > 0:22:42But, mainly, I can hear you,
0:22:42 > 0:22:45and my brain can just turn all these other sounds off.
0:22:45 > 0:22:47Can you show me maybe what it's like for you?
0:22:47 > 0:22:51I don't have as much control over it, so I just move them all up.
0:22:51 > 0:22:54But then I might be able to block those out a little bit.
0:22:54 > 0:22:58But I can't block them out anywhere near as much as you did.
0:22:58 > 0:23:01'Being overloaded with all this sensory information can lead to
0:23:01 > 0:23:03'something called a meltdown.'
0:23:03 > 0:23:06What's it like when you're having a meltdown in your head?
0:23:06 > 0:23:08Well, I just sort of...
0:23:08 > 0:23:10get really...kind of...
0:23:12 > 0:23:18..upset and angry and I suppose distressed, and then I'm
0:23:18 > 0:23:20really not calm.
0:23:20 > 0:23:24'Although autism can be disorientating and confusing,
0:23:24 > 0:23:27'some autistic people are able to concentrate incredibly well
0:23:27 > 0:23:31'on something they love. And, for Alex, that's film-making.
0:23:31 > 0:23:34'We've come to the Autism Show in Manchester.
0:23:34 > 0:23:39'With us are some of Alex's friends who often act in his films.'
0:23:39 > 0:23:43What do you think it is about autism and directing films that those two
0:23:43 > 0:23:45things work quite well together?
0:23:45 > 0:23:48Focusing on one task that he's doing at once.
0:23:48 > 0:23:52Yeah, he's very focused and a lot of the time has better ideas than us.
0:23:52 > 0:23:56'To help Alex's friends understand what it can be like to have autism,
0:23:56 > 0:23:59'we're giving them these virtual reality goggles
0:23:59 > 0:24:02'and headphones which will play an autism simulation.'
0:24:04 > 0:24:06- Why don't you try it?- Do you know,
0:24:06 > 0:24:10I've never tried virtual reality before.
0:24:10 > 0:24:11LOUD NOISES
0:24:11 > 0:24:15I can hear every single noise in this room.
0:24:15 > 0:24:18And the light is very dazzling.
0:24:18 > 0:24:22I can't focus on the thing I think I need to be paying attention to,
0:24:22 > 0:24:24this lady who's telling me to wait,
0:24:24 > 0:24:27but I can't understand what she's saying.
0:24:27 > 0:24:31Wow! What did you think of it, Jacob?
0:24:31 > 0:24:35It was really intense of what was going to happen next.
0:24:35 > 0:24:40It's very overwhelming, like, you can't concentrate on one thing,
0:24:40 > 0:24:42because there's just so much going on.
0:24:42 > 0:24:47I thought it explained to me a lot more about how being autistic is,
0:24:47 > 0:24:51and it was, yeah, stressful.
0:24:51 > 0:24:54You might know someone with autism, you may have autism yourself,
0:24:54 > 0:24:55but, even if you do,
0:24:55 > 0:24:58it can be very hard to know what other people with autism are going
0:24:58 > 0:25:01through. There are a few things you can do to help.
0:25:01 > 0:25:04You can give people time, you can speak really clearly,
0:25:04 > 0:25:08and you can remember that someone with autism may be experiencing
0:25:08 > 0:25:10the world in a more stressful way.
0:25:10 > 0:25:14Most importantly, autism isn't the main thing about anybody.
0:25:14 > 0:25:19People on the autism spectrum can still do absolutely amazing things.
0:25:19 > 0:25:21And I'm certain that, one day,
0:25:21 > 0:25:24I'm going to be in the cinema watching a film directed by Alex.
0:25:28 > 0:25:32In Accident and Emergency, there's another patient in need of help.
0:25:32 > 0:25:36Is there? Well, let's go help him, come on! Come on!
0:25:36 > 0:25:40Sat in Accident and Emergency is 15-year-old Ryan.
0:25:40 > 0:25:41What's happened to your foot, fella?
0:25:41 > 0:25:45The nail has come out of the nail bedding.
0:25:45 > 0:25:48Ooh, that sounds pretty nasty, and it looks pretty nasty, too,
0:25:48 > 0:25:50so turn away if you're squeamish.
0:25:50 > 0:25:52- Told you so.- But how exactly did this happen?
0:25:54 > 0:25:57Ryan was having lunch in the school canteen.
0:25:57 > 0:25:59- Ooh! What was on the menu? - I'm coming to that, Xand.
0:25:59 > 0:26:02He was with his mates, all enjoying their food.
0:26:02 > 0:26:04Yes, OK, but what was he eating?
0:26:04 > 0:26:06Just finished his chicken nuggets...
0:26:06 > 0:26:09- Mm, nuggets!- ..and was stretching his legs out under the table.
0:26:09 > 0:26:12Chris, this all sounds perfectly normal. Where's this story going?
0:26:12 > 0:26:16It was all very normal until the boy sat opposite stood up to leave and
0:26:16 > 0:26:18his bench fell on Ryan's toe.
0:26:18 > 0:26:20- BOTH:- Ouch!
0:26:20 > 0:26:22First up, it's over to X-ray.
0:26:22 > 0:26:26- Toe-tally!- Then to A&E to see Dr Alex Cleator.
0:26:28 > 0:26:31Right, that's quite impressive, isn't it?
0:26:31 > 0:26:33Probably need to clean that up and have a look.
0:26:33 > 0:26:36Dr Alex gives Ryan some laughing gas to help numb the pain
0:26:36 > 0:26:37while he cleans the wound.
0:26:37 > 0:26:40Just take really deep breaths. You'll hear it hiss as you do it.
0:26:40 > 0:26:42It can make you feel a little bit giggly, as well.
0:26:42 > 0:26:44In three, two, one....
0:26:44 > 0:26:47RYAN LAUGHS There it is! Works every time.
0:26:47 > 0:26:49With Ryan suitably giggly,
0:26:49 > 0:26:51Dr Alex can begin to clean up the dried blood
0:26:51 > 0:26:53to get a better look at the injury.
0:26:53 > 0:26:56- It's horrible, isn't it? - I can't even see my foot.
0:26:56 > 0:26:57THEY LAUGH
0:26:57 > 0:27:01Dr Alex takes a look at the X-rays to see if anything's broken.
0:27:01 > 0:27:04These are the bones of his foot and this is his big toe here,
0:27:04 > 0:27:07as you can see. Actually, the bones underneath look OK.
0:27:07 > 0:27:10So it's just the actual damage to the nail bed.
0:27:10 > 0:27:14So, Ryan's toe is bandaged up without the need for an operation.
0:27:14 > 0:27:17Crutches forward, little hop, that's it.
0:27:17 > 0:27:19And again. Both together.
0:27:19 > 0:27:23- That's it, Ryan, hop! BOTH:- Bye!
0:27:24 > 0:27:28'Next time on Operation Ouch Hospital Takeover...'
0:27:28 > 0:27:30'The lights are on!'
0:27:30 > 0:27:33- Are you all right? - '..Xand takes a closer look...'
0:27:33 > 0:27:36We're making, if you like, an X-ray movie.
0:27:36 > 0:27:40'..and what has this... got to do with your body?'
0:27:40 > 0:27:44- So we'll see you next time for more...- BOTH:- Operation Ouch!
0:27:45 > 0:27:46TYRES SQUEAL
0:27:46 > 0:27:49Chris? Chris!
0:27:52 > 0:27:54No, do it properly, do it properly. OK?
0:27:54 > 0:27:58I challenge you... I challenge you to a clean-off.
0:27:59 > 0:28:02- Ow!- Ow!- Ow!- Stop that!- Ow!
0:28:06 > 0:28:07Operation Ouch!