0:00:23 > 0:00:26- He's Dr Chris.- He's Dr Xand.
0:00:26 > 0:00:29- And we're... BOTH:- Identical twins.
0:00:29 > 0:00:31Well, we were until you grew your beard.
0:00:31 > 0:00:34In this series, we're taking over one of the biggest
0:00:34 > 0:00:37children's hospitals in Europe, the amazing Alder Hey in Liverpool.
0:00:38 > 0:00:42We'll go head-to-head as we take on some of our hospital's
0:00:42 > 0:00:43most important jobs.
0:00:43 > 0:00:46This isn't going well.
0:00:46 > 0:00:49Ouch & About hits the wards for more medical mysteries.
0:00:49 > 0:00:52- That is a hole going inside your stomach.- Yeah.
0:00:52 > 0:00:53WHISTLE BLOWS
0:00:53 > 0:00:56And we'll be catching up with our extraordinary Ouch patients
0:00:56 > 0:00:58who come in for regular treatment.
0:00:58 > 0:00:59Hello!
0:00:59 > 0:01:02We've hidden our lab in a top-secret location...
0:01:02 > 0:01:04'And our experiments just...'
0:01:04 > 0:01:05ARGH!
0:01:05 > 0:01:07- '..got...'- Ugh!
0:01:07 > 0:01:08'..BIGGER!'
0:01:08 > 0:01:11- Ooh!- You guys are cray-zy.
0:01:11 > 0:01:15So get ready to join us, it's going to be out of this world!
0:01:15 > 0:01:17As... HE SPLUTTERS
0:01:17 > 0:01:18What are you doing?!
0:01:18 > 0:01:20Coming up today on...
0:01:22 > 0:01:24..Operation Ouch!
0:01:27 > 0:01:30We take a driving test with a difference.
0:01:30 > 0:01:31Are you all right?
0:01:31 > 0:01:33What's wrong with this little fella?
0:01:33 > 0:01:35Meow, meow.
0:01:35 > 0:01:38And it gets explosive in the lab.
0:01:38 > 0:01:40- BOTH:- Arghhh!
0:01:40 > 0:01:42But first...
0:01:42 > 0:01:44What started out as a normal day for our next patient
0:01:44 > 0:01:47has ended with a trip to the emergency department.
0:01:47 > 0:01:51- Luckily, they've come to the right place.- BOTH:- Phew!
0:01:51 > 0:01:55Phee-uw! Pheeeee... Agh!
0:01:57 > 0:02:00In the waiting room, seven-year-old Sophie
0:02:00 > 0:02:02has come in with Mum and Dad and a cut hand.
0:02:03 > 0:02:06- Who's that, Chris? - That's Tab.
0:02:08 > 0:02:11Oh, hi, Tab. So, how did Sophie hurt her hand?
0:02:11 > 0:02:14On a sharp knife.
0:02:14 > 0:02:17A sharp knife? Ouch!
0:02:17 > 0:02:21- Sophie was in her bedroom doing some arts and crafts.- Cool!
0:02:21 > 0:02:24Was she making paper aeroplanes?
0:02:24 > 0:02:28- I dunno, Xand.- Well, was she making a selfie portrait, then?
0:02:28 > 0:02:30It doesn't matter what she was making, Xand,
0:02:30 > 0:02:33the point is she decided she needed something sharp.
0:02:33 > 0:02:35Sharp? Sounds dangerous.
0:02:36 > 0:02:40So, off she went to fetch a knife WITHOUT asking Mum or Dad.
0:02:40 > 0:02:44- Oh, no!- And as she was using it, the knife slipped and cut her thumb.
0:02:44 > 0:02:46- BOTH:- Ouch!
0:02:46 > 0:02:47Was Tab there?
0:02:47 > 0:02:49She was downstairs.
0:02:49 > 0:02:53So Tab couldn't help, but consultant Matt Rotheram can,
0:02:53 > 0:02:55and he's going to take a closer look.
0:02:55 > 0:02:58Ooh, that looks like a deep cut.
0:02:58 > 0:03:02First the doc checks the movement and sensation in Sophie's hand.
0:03:02 > 0:03:05- Can you wiggle your thumb?- Mm. - Really good.
0:03:05 > 0:03:08Can you feel me touching your thumb on that side?
0:03:08 > 0:03:11Looking for damage to the veins and the nerves and the tendons
0:03:11 > 0:03:13that control movement.
0:03:13 > 0:03:16Your hand contains nerves that give you feeling
0:03:16 > 0:03:18and tendons which allow it to move.
0:03:18 > 0:03:21Some tendons and nerves are very close to the surface
0:03:21 > 0:03:24of your skin, and a deep cut like Sophie's can easily damage them.
0:03:24 > 0:03:27It could mean you lose feeling or you're unable to move
0:03:27 > 0:03:30your hand properly, which is why
0:03:30 > 0:03:32a bad cut often needs surgery to fix it.
0:03:32 > 0:03:35Can you bend your thumb at the end, like that?
0:03:35 > 0:03:38The doc's checking that Sophie can move her thumb properly.
0:03:38 > 0:03:40You're not bending...
0:03:40 > 0:03:41She could straighten her thumb
0:03:41 > 0:03:43but she didn't seem to be able to bend it.
0:03:43 > 0:03:46We have to take that seriously and assume that it could be due
0:03:46 > 0:03:50to the injury, so I'm going to get the plastics team to... OK?
0:03:50 > 0:03:51I've had to refer her to a specialist.
0:03:51 > 0:03:54They can decide whether they need to have
0:03:54 > 0:03:56a look at that wound under an anaesthetic.
0:03:56 > 0:04:00In the meantime, Sophie's cut is cleaned and patched up
0:04:00 > 0:04:04with butterfly stitches, and we'll find out later if she needs surgery.
0:04:04 > 0:04:06Ouch!
0:04:08 > 0:04:11In hospital, it's not just the doctors and nurses
0:04:11 > 0:04:12who help to get you fixed.
0:04:12 > 0:04:17There are lots of other heroes working behind the scenes.
0:04:17 > 0:04:20- Ah, yes!- What will happen when we have a go at their amazing jobs?
0:04:20 > 0:04:22I'm going to make your eardrums burst.
0:04:22 > 0:04:24- BOTH:- Useless.
0:04:24 > 0:04:27This is Operation Takeover.
0:04:27 > 0:04:32Today's hospital heroes are ambulance crew Dave and Gemma.
0:04:32 > 0:04:35These trained professionals have the skills to get patients
0:04:35 > 0:04:37to hospital quickly and safely.
0:04:37 > 0:04:40We need to get to the patient in good time.
0:04:40 > 0:04:44For serious injuries, we need to be there within eight minutes.
0:04:44 > 0:04:46Whilst we do need to drive quickly,
0:04:46 > 0:04:48we need to be safe whilst we're doing it.
0:04:48 > 0:04:51When we're going to a job, we've got oncoming traffic to think about,
0:04:51 > 0:04:54you've also got pedestrians and other road users.
0:04:54 > 0:04:57Despite the busy roads, Dave needs to make sure the ride
0:04:57 > 0:05:00is silky smooth for the patient and medical team in the back.
0:05:00 > 0:05:02With our driving skills,
0:05:02 > 0:05:04a lot of the time on the way to hospital,
0:05:04 > 0:05:05I forget that we're moving.
0:05:05 > 0:05:08To see just how smooth Dave is behind the wheel,
0:05:08 > 0:05:09watch this glass of water.
0:05:09 > 0:05:10Gemma, Dave's driving,
0:05:10 > 0:05:13you really think he's not going to spill this cup of water?
0:05:13 > 0:05:14I'd like to hope so.
0:05:14 > 0:05:16'Well, let's see how he does.'
0:05:16 > 0:05:19It's quite a good visual, because when you're driving,
0:05:19 > 0:05:21you are thinking about that cup, thinking about,
0:05:21 > 0:05:23"Am I going to spill it, am I going to spill it?"
0:05:23 > 0:05:25Still dry back there, Dave.
0:05:25 > 0:05:27'Even with a super-smooth driver,
0:05:27 > 0:05:29'it still takes lots of skill to treat a patient
0:05:29 > 0:05:32'in a fast-moving ambulance, especially since, to do this,
0:05:32 > 0:05:35'the seatbelts have to be unbuckled.'
0:05:35 > 0:05:38Whoa. Wow, wow, wow. This is very difficult indeed.
0:05:38 > 0:05:41- 'Steady on, Xand.' - You're not crashing into everything.
0:05:41 > 0:05:43I'm just leaning on the wall now, OK.
0:05:43 > 0:05:45So you've got to make your legs as far apart as possible.
0:05:45 > 0:05:47- It's surfing, right?- It is.
0:05:47 > 0:05:48That's what you're trying to do, is surfing.
0:05:48 > 0:05:51It's like surfing but also you're trying to save someone's life
0:05:51 > 0:05:53- while you do it.- Yeah, yeah.
0:05:53 > 0:05:57'And not a drop spilled. Brilliantly done, Dave.'
0:05:57 > 0:05:59We've seen how important the driving skills of the ambulance team
0:05:59 > 0:06:02are to the running of a big hospital.
0:06:02 > 0:06:04But will we have the DRIVE to succeed when we do it for ourselves,
0:06:04 > 0:06:08or will our driving just be a little TIRED?
0:06:08 > 0:06:10Get it, like the tyre, on a wheel, of an ambulance?
0:06:10 > 0:06:11Enough, Xand.
0:06:11 > 0:06:14Today's challenge is no joking matter,
0:06:14 > 0:06:16especially since I have to wear green.
0:06:16 > 0:06:19So, Dave, what have you got for us?
0:06:19 > 0:06:21Well, guys, today I've designed a bit of
0:06:21 > 0:06:23a driving obstacle course for you.
0:06:23 > 0:06:25Yikes, that's not going to be easy.
0:06:25 > 0:06:27We're going to have to drive the ambulance forwards
0:06:27 > 0:06:30and backwards through some cones... TYRES SCREECH
0:06:30 > 0:06:31..then up an alleyway.
0:06:31 > 0:06:36We'll even have to be careful of magically moving pedestrians.
0:06:36 > 0:06:37And finally, go round
0:06:37 > 0:06:39in a loop before coming to a stop!
0:06:39 > 0:06:40I'm going to time you,
0:06:40 > 0:06:42any obstacles that you hit
0:06:42 > 0:06:45will be a ten-second time penalty.
0:06:45 > 0:06:47You're going to have me in the front of the vehicle,
0:06:47 > 0:06:50and then in the back you're going to have a patient and a paramedic.
0:06:50 > 0:06:52And they'll be judging us on
0:06:52 > 0:06:54the smoothness of the journey.
0:06:54 > 0:06:56Controlled, smooth, safe.
0:06:56 > 0:06:58- Absolutely.- Speedy.
0:06:58 > 0:07:03'Time for a nice smooth, relaxing journey. My patient will love it.'
0:07:03 > 0:07:07'Let's get the patient to hospital quickly, that's what I'd want.'
0:07:08 > 0:07:11'So, Chris' first task is the cone slalom.
0:07:11 > 0:07:14'He'll soon be on a collision course with disaster - I hope.'
0:07:14 > 0:07:17I think we can fairly say that you're going to hit that one,
0:07:17 > 0:07:18so that's ten seconds.
0:07:18 > 0:07:22'First penalty against Chris - bring it on.'
0:07:22 > 0:07:24- Oh.- 'Yes, and another!'
0:07:24 > 0:07:27It's a bit...
0:07:27 > 0:07:29'I doubt if Xand can do any better than me.'
0:07:29 > 0:07:31OK, am I going to make this cone? Come on.
0:07:31 > 0:07:35- Come on!- 'He makes it, but he's SO slow.'
0:07:35 > 0:07:37How close was I? Argh...
0:07:37 > 0:07:39'Huh, penalty points!'
0:07:39 > 0:07:42- REVERSE ALARM BLEEPS - Did Chris have to reverse at all?
0:07:42 > 0:07:45- I can't say anything, yet. - 'Good man, Dave.
0:07:45 > 0:07:48'Now, just like real ambulance drivers, we have to reverse.'
0:07:48 > 0:07:51'I bet Chris thinks he's pretty good at this.'
0:07:51 > 0:07:53Precision driving.
0:07:53 > 0:07:56- Well done, and now we're going to go through the barriers.- Oh, sorry!
0:07:56 > 0:07:57You all right back there?
0:07:57 > 0:07:58Yeah, we're all right.
0:07:58 > 0:08:01'Can Xand handle going in reverse?'
0:08:01 > 0:08:02What is interesting is,
0:08:02 > 0:08:05I've totally forgotten there's a patient in the back.
0:08:07 > 0:08:08Oh, no, no, no.
0:08:08 > 0:08:11'Yes - penalty point for Xand.'
0:08:11 > 0:08:12Can you really do this?
0:08:12 > 0:08:13Like, is it possible?
0:08:13 > 0:08:15'Now Chris has to be super-careful.
0:08:15 > 0:08:17'It's time for pedestrian alley,
0:08:17 > 0:08:20'and just look at how small those kids are.
0:08:20 > 0:08:24'"Hiya!" "Oi, watch out!" "Oh, hello!"
0:08:24 > 0:08:27'Speedily done, Chris, but I'll be smoother.'
0:08:27 > 0:08:29'You're quite steady, Xand, but remember,
0:08:29 > 0:08:32'you've got to get patients to the hospital quickly.'
0:08:32 > 0:08:35This doesn't feel very professional.
0:08:35 > 0:08:37It's like, I don't think you ever
0:08:37 > 0:08:40see a paramedic driving like this.
0:08:40 > 0:08:42'Watch out for pedestrians, Xand.'
0:08:42 > 0:08:44Come on, mate, get out of the way!
0:08:44 > 0:08:47'Surely that's going to cost him? And Xand's done.'
0:08:47 > 0:08:49- OK, now loop?- 'Easy does it, Chris.
0:08:49 > 0:08:52'Keep your patient in one piece!'
0:08:52 > 0:08:54It's a good job there's no sick in here.
0:08:54 > 0:08:57'And then it's full steam ahead to the finish line.'
0:08:57 > 0:08:59Stop.
0:08:59 > 0:09:00BANG
0:09:00 > 0:09:01SHE LAUGHS
0:09:01 > 0:09:02'Chris! What are you doing?'
0:09:02 > 0:09:06- 'Sorry, I thought something ran out in front of me.'- Are you all right?
0:09:06 > 0:09:07Yeah, I'm fine.
0:09:08 > 0:09:11'Xand's turn on the loop. Come on, you have to get to the hospital!'
0:09:11 > 0:09:14Arrrrgh!
0:09:15 > 0:09:16'I hope his patient's OK.'
0:09:16 > 0:09:18How's everyone back there?
0:09:18 > 0:09:20- Took a little while.- Sorry, madam.
0:09:20 > 0:09:21Just quicker next time, OK?
0:09:24 > 0:09:28OK, so what's the verdict, by how much did I beat Dr Xand?
0:09:28 > 0:09:30Chris, you got...
0:09:30 > 0:09:32That's including two penalty points.
0:09:32 > 0:09:34Xand, your time was...
0:09:36 > 0:09:40- ..which includes two penalty points.- I didn't feel that slow.
0:09:40 > 0:09:43- I didn't have this beard when I started the course.- Yeah.
0:09:43 > 0:09:45So, Chris wins part one for speed,
0:09:45 > 0:09:47but what about part two - smoothness?
0:09:49 > 0:09:52The smoother drive was Xand.
0:09:52 > 0:09:56- Yes!- So, it's one apiece, who then has won the challenge?
0:09:56 > 0:09:57Let's see the vote.
0:09:57 > 0:09:58YES!
0:09:58 > 0:10:01'Slow and steady wins the race.
0:10:01 > 0:10:04'Xand, your patient would have been quicker walking to hospital.
0:10:04 > 0:10:06'Don't be a sore loser, Chris.'
0:10:06 > 0:10:09Well, Xand, I think we've learned how important the driving
0:10:09 > 0:10:11skills of the ambulance team really are.
0:10:11 > 0:10:14And it's time we handed back the keys. Thank you, Dave.
0:10:14 > 0:10:17- Thank you, Gemma.- Thanks. - Thank you, Emily.
0:10:17 > 0:10:19ALARM BLARES
0:10:22 > 0:10:26I'm hitting the wards with my Ouch Bleeper, because we've brought
0:10:26 > 0:10:28Ouch & About inside the hospital.
0:10:28 > 0:10:29Wow.
0:10:29 > 0:10:31Dr Xand, Dr Xand!
0:10:31 > 0:10:35And I'm hitting the streets to answer your medical mysteries.
0:10:36 > 0:10:39In the hospital, Chris is performing a very tricky operation.
0:10:39 > 0:10:41Almost there...
0:10:41 > 0:10:42BLEEPER CHIMES Ugh!
0:10:42 > 0:10:44A question.
0:10:44 > 0:10:49And he's off to see Alex, who's just had an operation on his oesophagus.
0:10:49 > 0:10:51Hi, Alex. I got your bleep. What's your question?
0:10:51 > 0:10:56- Why can't you eat or drink before surgery?- What's the diagnosis, Doc?
0:10:56 > 0:10:57Sounds like a case of...
0:10:59 > 0:11:01This question's making me hungry.
0:11:01 > 0:11:03Well, I think I can answer the question.
0:11:03 > 0:11:05Before you have ANY operation,
0:11:05 > 0:11:08the reason you can't eat is because when you've lying down
0:11:08 > 0:11:10and you've had an anaesthetic, you can't cough,
0:11:10 > 0:11:14and so if food comes back up from your stomach and goes into
0:11:14 > 0:11:17your windpipe, your trachea, it can then get into your lungs,
0:11:17 > 0:11:18and that'll be really bad,
0:11:18 > 0:11:21because you can't then breathe and you'll get pneumonia.
0:11:21 > 0:11:22Once you had your operation,
0:11:22 > 0:11:24how long was it before you could eat?
0:11:24 > 0:11:26- Four hours.- OK, so what did you eat?
0:11:26 > 0:11:29I had two rounds of toast, and then another two rounds,
0:11:29 > 0:11:33four chicken goujons, a couple of chips and a bit of salad,
0:11:33 > 0:11:35and then after that I had a yoghurt.
0:11:35 > 0:11:37Wow, you must have been super-hungry!
0:11:37 > 0:11:40You have earned yourself a sticker. I think we should probably try
0:11:40 > 0:11:42and put it on your oesophagus, shouldn't we?
0:11:42 > 0:11:44- Cheers, Alex.- Thank you. - See you soon.- Bye.
0:11:46 > 0:11:48I'm Ouch & About on the street,
0:11:48 > 0:11:50and I think someone has a question for me.
0:11:50 > 0:11:53- Dr Xand, Dr Xand!- What? - I've got a question.
0:11:53 > 0:11:55Ah, Heidi, what's your question?
0:11:55 > 0:11:57Well, you know when you do this and you point to your finger
0:11:57 > 0:11:58without touching it?
0:11:58 > 0:12:01OK, try and move this finger.
0:12:01 > 0:12:03- You moved the wrong one. - Why can't I lift the right one?
0:12:03 > 0:12:05What's happening is your brain
0:12:05 > 0:12:07is getting two different bits of information.
0:12:07 > 0:12:09If you do that and you look,
0:12:09 > 0:12:12the visual information your brain's getting is very confusing.
0:12:12 > 0:12:14You've just got a whole mess of fingers and you can't tell which one
0:12:14 > 0:12:17is which. You don't know which finger to send the message to.
0:12:17 > 0:12:21But if I touch it, that's easy then, right?
0:12:21 > 0:12:25So if you touch the finger, there's a wire, effectively
0:12:25 > 0:12:27a nerve, carrying the message exactly to the right bit of
0:12:27 > 0:12:30your brain and then your brain knows what to do. Does that make sense?
0:12:30 > 0:12:33- Yeah.- It's a very complicated question,
0:12:33 > 0:12:36but a very important one. Thank you.
0:12:36 > 0:12:40Back in the hospital, Chris has been bleeped by Amelia.
0:12:40 > 0:12:43- Hi, Amelia. What's your question? - What is a tracheostomy?
0:12:43 > 0:12:45What's the diagnosis, doc?
0:12:45 > 0:12:47Sounds like a classic case of
0:12:47 > 0:12:50I-want-to-know-what- a-tracheostomy-is-itis.
0:12:50 > 0:12:51That's easy for you to say!
0:12:51 > 0:12:54Why are you interested in what a tracheostomy is?
0:12:54 > 0:12:57Because I narrowly avoided getting one.
0:12:57 > 0:13:01I was in intensive care for about five weeks with
0:13:01 > 0:13:06a really bad lung infection but on the day when I was supposed
0:13:06 > 0:13:09to get the tracheostomy, I just started breathing again.
0:13:09 > 0:13:10When you were on the intensive care unit,
0:13:10 > 0:13:13were you on a thing called a ventilator?
0:13:13 > 0:13:15Yeah, a big tube down my throat.
0:13:15 > 0:13:19And it blows air in and out of your lungs.
0:13:19 > 0:13:23But if you have a tube going through your mouth and into your trachea,
0:13:23 > 0:13:27your windpipe, for too long, it does a lot of damage.
0:13:27 > 0:13:31So doctors can perform something called a tracheostomy.
0:13:31 > 0:13:35Now, any ostomy is a hole between an organ and the skin
0:13:35 > 0:13:39so a tracheostomy is when there's a hole between the trachea,
0:13:39 > 0:13:41the windpipe, and the skin.
0:13:41 > 0:13:43So if you make a little hole in that,
0:13:43 > 0:13:46you can put in a tube that someone can then breathe in and out of
0:13:46 > 0:13:48or that can be connected to a ventilator.
0:13:48 > 0:13:50- Have I answered your question?- Yes.
0:13:50 > 0:13:52- I'll leave you... - Oh, yeah, I get a sticker.
0:13:52 > 0:13:55- All right?- You can put it on the teddy bear.- Teddy can get it.
0:13:55 > 0:13:58- Thanks, Amelia.- Thank you, Dr Chris.- Cheers, Amelia.
0:13:58 > 0:14:00- Hope you get better soon.- Bye.
0:14:00 > 0:14:02Job done for today. Clinic closed.
0:14:07 > 0:14:08Chris, I wonder how our patient
0:14:08 > 0:14:11in the emergency department is getting on?
0:14:11 > 0:14:12Well, you're in luck, Xand,
0:14:12 > 0:14:14because this is the bit we get to find out.
0:14:14 > 0:14:16Oh, it's one of my favourite bits.
0:14:18 > 0:14:21Earlier, we met Sophie with her cut thumb in A&E.
0:14:21 > 0:14:25Sophie was in her bedroom doing some arts and crafts when she cut
0:14:25 > 0:14:27her hand on a sharp knife.
0:14:27 > 0:14:28- BOTH:- Ouch!
0:14:28 > 0:14:30Because this may have affected the movement of her hand,
0:14:30 > 0:14:33she's here to see a specialist doctor.
0:14:33 > 0:14:37Examining the dodgy digit this morning is Dr Helen Richards.
0:14:37 > 0:14:40I believe you've had a little accident. Is it very sore?
0:14:40 > 0:14:43Worst case scenario, what we'd be looking for is whether
0:14:43 > 0:14:44she's damaged one of the tendons.
0:14:44 > 0:14:47There's also the possibility of injuring one of the nerves.
0:14:47 > 0:14:50And that could mean she needs an operation.
0:14:50 > 0:14:53Dr Helen checks how Sophie's thumb is moving today.
0:14:53 > 0:14:55Can you wriggle this little thumb? You can?
0:14:57 > 0:15:00Now that it's not so sore, it's much better than yesterday.
0:15:00 > 0:15:03She could move her thumb fully so that means her tendon's intact.
0:15:03 > 0:15:05She's not injured any tendons in there
0:15:05 > 0:15:09- so we don't need to do an operation. - Brilliant.- Phew! That's good news.
0:15:09 > 0:15:11And looking at the scratching, it looks quite superficial.
0:15:11 > 0:15:13And Sophie gets a brand-new bandage.
0:15:13 > 0:15:15You'll be glad to hear we don't need to see you back here again.
0:15:15 > 0:15:18- I'm all better.- Great. Bye, Sophie!
0:15:18 > 0:15:19Bye, Tab.
0:15:21 > 0:15:23Still to come...
0:15:23 > 0:15:24Rude noises. PARP
0:15:24 > 0:15:25Ooh!
0:15:25 > 0:15:27See-through swallowing.
0:15:27 > 0:15:29We're making an X-ray movie.
0:15:29 > 0:15:30And...
0:15:30 > 0:15:32My jaw's dislocated again.
0:15:32 > 0:15:34Hang on, haven't we met this patient before?
0:15:35 > 0:15:38Now, did you know your body can produce
0:15:38 > 0:15:40nearly two litres of gas every day?
0:15:40 > 0:15:43And this comes out either by burping or farting.
0:15:48 > 0:15:49And now to our lab,
0:15:49 > 0:15:53but this time we've hidden it in a top-secret location.
0:15:53 > 0:15:56So secret that even Xand doesn't know where it is.
0:15:56 > 0:15:58HE SPLUTTERS
0:15:58 > 0:15:59What are you doing?!
0:15:59 > 0:16:02It's time for some amazing experiments.
0:16:02 > 0:16:05Just don't try anything you see here at home.
0:16:05 > 0:16:08Today, we're finding out what happens when you burp.
0:16:16 > 0:16:17HE BURPS
0:16:17 > 0:16:18- Oh.- Xand, what are you doing?
0:16:18 > 0:16:21You know I've expressly forbidden you from burping in the lab.
0:16:21 > 0:16:23No, Chris!
0:16:23 > 0:16:27Today, I am allowed to burp because today's lab is all about burping.
0:16:27 > 0:16:30Burping is something we all do, no matter who you are,
0:16:30 > 0:16:32and there's even a medical name for it...
0:16:33 > 0:16:36Burping is a very important bodily function.
0:16:36 > 0:16:39All burps are made of gas that your body wants to get rid of.
0:16:39 > 0:16:41It might be because you've swallowed air,
0:16:41 > 0:16:43because you gobble your lunch too fast like Xand,
0:16:43 > 0:16:47or it might be carbon dioxide from chemical reactions in your stomach
0:16:47 > 0:16:50or from the bubbles in a fizzy drink like this.
0:16:50 > 0:16:51HE BELCHES
0:16:51 > 0:16:54Now, the rumbling sound of a burp is caused when gas escapes
0:16:54 > 0:16:58through your oesophagus or food pipe. Now, the internet says
0:16:58 > 0:16:59that the sound actually comes from
0:16:59 > 0:17:02when it passes over a very important body part
0:17:02 > 0:17:04just here in your throat called the epiglottis.
0:17:04 > 0:17:07This stops food from going into your windpipe when you swallow.
0:17:07 > 0:17:11But we don't think that the internet is actually correct,
0:17:11 > 0:17:12so we want to find out,
0:17:12 > 0:17:14where does the noise of a burp actually come from
0:17:14 > 0:17:16and what would happen if you didn't burp at all?
0:17:16 > 0:17:18Let's find out.
0:17:19 > 0:17:21To show you where a burp comes from,
0:17:21 > 0:17:24we're going to film an actual burp from the inside.
0:17:24 > 0:17:26BURP!
0:17:26 > 0:17:27Pardon you!
0:17:27 > 0:17:29Never in all of human history
0:17:29 > 0:17:33- has anyone ever filmed a burp from the inside.- Really?
0:17:33 > 0:17:34Yes, that really is true.
0:17:34 > 0:17:38We're going to use a special camera to look down my throat,
0:17:38 > 0:17:40but don't you go sticking anything down your throat.
0:17:40 > 0:17:42We can only do this because we're doctors.
0:17:42 > 0:17:44Away we go.
0:17:45 > 0:17:48So now we can see inside Xand's mouth and then as we go back,
0:17:48 > 0:17:53you can see the dangly bits at the back of Xand's mouth, the uvula,
0:17:53 > 0:17:57and this little flap of tissue here is Xand's epiglottis.
0:17:57 > 0:18:00- Hello, Xand's epiglottis.- Ah-oh!
0:18:00 > 0:18:02Now keep your eye on the opening of the oesophagus.
0:18:02 > 0:18:04XAND BURPS
0:18:04 > 0:18:07And there it is! A burp!
0:18:07 > 0:18:09A world first! A burp on camera.
0:18:09 > 0:18:13As the air burps out, the soft tissue at the top of the oesophagus
0:18:13 > 0:18:17is flapping while the epiglottis does nothing.
0:18:17 > 0:18:20So we have proven burping is not the epiglottis flapping,
0:18:20 > 0:18:23it's the soft tissues at the top of the oesophagus.
0:18:23 > 0:18:26Take that, intranet! You're wrong.
0:18:26 > 0:18:27But we're not stopping there.
0:18:27 > 0:18:31Remember, burping is a perfectly natural body function
0:18:31 > 0:18:34although it's not polite to burp loudly like Xand is doing
0:18:34 > 0:18:38in this experiment, but what would happen if you didn't burp at all?
0:18:38 > 0:18:41Well, Chris, put these on and I'll show you.
0:18:41 > 0:18:45Because I am about to introduce you to a fearsome new machine.
0:18:45 > 0:18:50Meet Dr Xand's amazing eructation machines. Ta-da!
0:18:50 > 0:18:52Well, show me how it works.
0:18:52 > 0:18:54Here we have kitchen vinegar.
0:18:54 > 0:18:57We're going to take this and pour it through here.
0:18:57 > 0:19:00Now, in the model, this bit represents the back of your throat
0:19:00 > 0:19:05and the food is going to flow down the oesophagus, the food pipe,
0:19:05 > 0:19:07into our stomachs.
0:19:07 > 0:19:10These balloons contain bicarbonate of soda, which will react
0:19:10 > 0:19:15with the vinegar and produce gas and we will get burping!
0:19:15 > 0:19:18- So how does it work? - Let me show you.
0:19:18 > 0:19:20The liquid goes down the throat into the oesophagus.
0:19:20 > 0:19:23And this is what happens when you drink.
0:19:23 > 0:19:24Your oesophagus fills up.
0:19:24 > 0:19:27We'll close that valve at the top. It's what happens when you swallow.
0:19:27 > 0:19:30And then we open this valve, the oesophageal sphincter,
0:19:30 > 0:19:33and we let the food into the stomach.
0:19:33 > 0:19:35And then we can see it already, gas bubbling up,
0:19:35 > 0:19:38the chemicals in the food reacting with the chemicals in the stomach.
0:19:38 > 0:19:42You can feel a bit of rumbling. You can feel a burp coming.
0:19:42 > 0:19:44You relax this valve at the top,
0:19:44 > 0:19:47which is the cricopharyngeus muscle, and...
0:19:47 > 0:19:49GAS NOISILY ESCAPES
0:19:49 > 0:19:50Ooh!
0:19:51 > 0:19:52That is excellent!
0:19:52 > 0:19:56But you asked me what would happen if you couldn't burp,
0:19:56 > 0:19:58and now we're about to find out.
0:19:58 > 0:20:01So get your vinegar and pour it in the top.
0:20:01 > 0:20:04Now let the food into the stomach. We can see the gas.
0:20:04 > 0:20:06Gas is coming out of the stomach
0:20:06 > 0:20:10but it can't escape the closed valve at the top of the oesophagus.
0:20:10 > 0:20:14If you can't burp, it means that none of the gas can escape upwards
0:20:14 > 0:20:16and so it builds up in the stomach.
0:20:16 > 0:20:18You would be getting very uncomfortable right now
0:20:18 > 0:20:19if that was your real stomach.
0:20:19 > 0:20:21Xand, I'm going to add more blue vinegar.
0:20:21 > 0:20:25Chris, it wasn't designed to withstand this kind of pressure!
0:20:25 > 0:20:27More gas means more pressure.
0:20:27 > 0:20:29Here goes. Oh, Xand!
0:20:29 > 0:20:30Oh, here we go!
0:20:30 > 0:20:33It's going to go! No-o-o!
0:20:34 > 0:20:36BOTH: Argh!
0:20:36 > 0:20:37Wow!
0:20:37 > 0:20:39That was amazing!
0:20:42 > 0:20:45So we've shown you where the burping noise comes from
0:20:45 > 0:20:49and how important burps are for getting rid of unwanted gases.
0:20:51 > 0:20:54Now, my fake stomach here has exploded, but don't worry.
0:20:54 > 0:20:57If you don't burp, you won't actually explode.
0:20:57 > 0:21:00You might feel a bit bloated and uncomfortable but eventually
0:21:00 > 0:21:03the gas goes through your intestines and you pass it out the other end.
0:21:03 > 0:21:05XAND FARTS
0:21:10 > 0:21:13Walls can be really annoying sometimes
0:21:13 > 0:21:16and make you wish you could see over them or through them.
0:21:16 > 0:21:18Xand, you're not eating my cake, are you?
0:21:18 > 0:21:20No, no, no cake here, no.
0:21:20 > 0:21:23Good. Now, your skin can be a little bit like a wall.
0:21:23 > 0:21:26When you get a medical problem on the outside it's easy to see it,
0:21:26 > 0:21:27treat it and watch it heal,
0:21:27 > 0:21:31but when you get medical mysteries going on inside the body,
0:21:31 > 0:21:34there's one hospital department you need to turn to for help -
0:21:34 > 0:21:35the radiology department,
0:21:35 > 0:21:39because they've got all kinds of cool kit that can actually see
0:21:39 > 0:21:43inside the body, a bit like this periscope lets me see over the wall.
0:21:44 > 0:21:45Xand!
0:21:46 > 0:21:49The new radiology department at Alder Hey
0:21:49 > 0:21:51cost a whopping £7 million.
0:21:51 > 0:21:55This department X-rays 75,000 patients a year
0:21:55 > 0:21:58and more than half of those have their snaps taken on this,
0:21:58 > 0:22:00a plain film X-ray machine.
0:22:00 > 0:22:04X-rays let doctors look at your bones.
0:22:04 > 0:22:07They're like a super powerful version of ordinary light
0:22:07 > 0:22:09which can pass through your skin.
0:22:09 > 0:22:12When they meet bones, X-rays stop dead in their tracks
0:22:12 > 0:22:14and the perfect picture can be taken.
0:22:15 > 0:22:18It's not just bones that show up in an X-ray, though.
0:22:18 > 0:22:21I'm heading to another part of the radiology department to see
0:22:21 > 0:22:23a different type of X-ray machine.
0:22:23 > 0:22:27This one is used to study people who have problems swallowing.
0:22:27 > 0:22:30Nine-year-old Isabelle is currently fed through a tube in her stomach
0:22:30 > 0:22:32as a result of having an operation.
0:22:32 > 0:22:35She's come to the radiology department today
0:22:35 > 0:22:36for a video fluoroscopy test
0:22:36 > 0:22:40to see if it's now safe for her to eat and drink normally.
0:22:40 > 0:22:44So I'm wearing this apron and it is very heavy because it's made of lead
0:22:44 > 0:22:46and that protects me from radiation.
0:22:46 > 0:22:49Radiation isn't dangerous for the patients but if you get a little bit
0:22:49 > 0:22:52every day, that could be dangerous so you wear a bit of protection.
0:22:52 > 0:22:54I'd have preferred a green one.
0:22:54 > 0:22:56We're going to give you some yoghurt to eat, OK?
0:22:56 > 0:22:59Isabelle's dad feeds her some special liquid
0:22:59 > 0:23:02which X-rays can't pass through, so it shows up black on the image.
0:23:02 > 0:23:03Can you see it?
0:23:03 > 0:23:07What's amazing is that you're making, if you like, an X-ray movie,
0:23:07 > 0:23:09so we can see the liquid going down her throat.
0:23:09 > 0:23:13That's a video and that means we can make sure that it's safe for her to
0:23:13 > 0:23:16keep swallowing and that none of the food is going down the wrong way.
0:23:16 > 0:23:19So Isabelle's oesophagus is working fine.
0:23:19 > 0:23:22The fluoroscopy has shown the doctors that it's safe
0:23:22 > 0:23:24for her to start eating again. Isn't that amazing?
0:23:24 > 0:23:27After a whole year of being fed through a tube.
0:23:27 > 0:23:30It's busy in the radiology department today.
0:23:30 > 0:23:33Down the corridor, nine-year-old Neve is having another sort of
0:23:33 > 0:23:37picture taken called an ultrasound for a mystery swelling in her foot.
0:23:37 > 0:23:39Here to do that is...
0:23:41 > 0:23:44The way the ultrasound machine is working is it's using
0:23:44 > 0:23:47a probe which emits a very, very high frequency noise,
0:23:47 > 0:23:50such a high pitch that you can't hear it and those sound waves
0:23:50 > 0:23:53bounce back differently depending on whether they hit bone or
0:23:53 > 0:23:56whether they hit muscle or different things, and it's listening
0:23:56 > 0:24:00for the echoes coming back and then putting those echoes into an image.
0:24:01 > 0:24:06This area which looks darker than the normal tissues around the bone,
0:24:06 > 0:24:08so bone is here.
0:24:08 > 0:24:10So there's something, possibly a splinter,
0:24:10 > 0:24:13irritating Neve's foot that will require further investigation.
0:24:13 > 0:24:15Have you given it a name?
0:24:15 > 0:24:16- Jeff.- That's a great name.
0:24:19 > 0:24:21Bye. Bye, Jeff. "Bye, Xand!"
0:24:21 > 0:24:24Without the amazing radiology department at Alder Hey Hospital,
0:24:24 > 0:24:28the doctors and other experts would have to spend a lot more time
0:24:28 > 0:24:30guessing about diagnosing people's conditions,
0:24:30 > 0:24:34but these machines are so powerful, they can see deep inside your body.
0:24:34 > 0:24:38They could even see a piece of cake inside your stomach.
0:24:38 > 0:24:39Don't tell Dr Chris!
0:24:44 > 0:24:47The doctors and nurses in A&E are ready for the next patient.
0:24:47 > 0:24:50- I wonder who it's going to be. - Could be anyone at all.
0:24:50 > 0:24:54- Probably a total stranger, someone we've never seen before.- Probably.
0:24:56 > 0:25:00Waiting in the emergency department with her mum is 14-year-old Carmen.
0:25:00 > 0:25:02My jaw's dislocated again.
0:25:02 > 0:25:03Hang on, she looks familiar!
0:25:03 > 0:25:06Yeah, I was on Operation Ouch last year.
0:25:06 > 0:25:10Oh, I thought I recognised you. And it's happened again?
0:25:10 > 0:25:13It's happened about 50 times now.
0:25:13 > 0:25:15Did Carmen say 50? Wow.
0:25:15 > 0:25:17So what happened this time?
0:25:17 > 0:25:21Carmen was in dance rehearsal for the end of the year school show.
0:25:21 > 0:25:22Ooh, was she tap-dancing?
0:25:22 > 0:25:26- No, it was a big Beyonce number. - I love Beyonce!
0:25:26 > 0:25:29# If you like it then you should have put a ring on it
0:25:29 > 0:25:32# If you like it then you should have put a ring on it... #
0:25:32 > 0:25:34- Very tuneful, Xand(!)- Thanks, Chris.
0:25:34 > 0:25:37Anyway, Carmen was really busting some moves,
0:25:37 > 0:25:40but when the class finished, her face felt funny.
0:25:40 > 0:25:45She looked in the mirror and saw her jaw had dislocated again. Ouch!
0:25:45 > 0:25:49Sometimes I'm able to get it back in by pulling my jaw down myself.
0:25:49 > 0:25:53Well, now you're here, let's get a professional to take a look.
0:25:53 > 0:25:57Meet Dr Naomi Simmons, who's going to check out those chops.
0:25:57 > 0:26:00- Can you open your jaw at all at the moment?- No.
0:26:00 > 0:26:04It's the temporomandibular joint which dislocates in the jaw,
0:26:04 > 0:26:06which is right up there.
0:26:06 > 0:26:09Inside your head are 20 bones which make up the skull.
0:26:09 > 0:26:11Two of them are in your jaw.
0:26:11 > 0:26:15There's the mandible, which is one of the strongest bones in the body.
0:26:15 > 0:26:18And the maxilla. They're linked together by a hinge
0:26:18 > 0:26:20which allows you to open and close your mouth.
0:26:20 > 0:26:23And this time Carmen's right hinge has become unhinged.
0:26:25 > 0:26:28So, I'm going to pop and get some Entonox.
0:26:28 > 0:26:31The Entonox is laughing gas, so it will help relax my jaw.
0:26:31 > 0:26:34I'm getting quite an expert on this now!
0:26:34 > 0:26:39Yes, you are. Dr Naomi brings in the Entonox to our expert.
0:26:39 > 0:26:42She also brings tongue depressors that she'll use to straighten that
0:26:42 > 0:26:47sore jaw, but once the Entonox kicks in, Carmen has other ideas.
0:26:47 > 0:26:49Try, like...
0:26:49 > 0:26:51Because this has happened so many times,
0:26:51 > 0:26:55Carmen's mum has become really good at popping it back.
0:26:55 > 0:26:59She uses the tongue depressors to help ease Carmen's jaw back
0:26:59 > 0:27:01to where it should be.
0:27:01 > 0:27:02- Is it back in place?- Uh-huh.
0:27:02 > 0:27:04- Is that right?- I think it is.
0:27:04 > 0:27:07Well, it looks right to me. Let's ask our expert.
0:27:07 > 0:27:09Yeah, it's back in place now.
0:27:09 > 0:27:12- She can talk!- Good work, Mum!
0:27:12 > 0:27:14You know the score from here, really, don't you?
0:27:14 > 0:27:18Try to remember not to have any big movements of your jaw...
0:27:18 > 0:27:21No more Beyonce boogying for you, Carmen.
0:27:21 > 0:27:24I think I'm going to go back to dance right now.
0:27:24 > 0:27:27We can't stop you from dancing, can we?
0:27:27 > 0:27:28CHRIS AND XAND: Bye!
0:27:30 > 0:27:34Next time on Operation Ouch: Hospital Takeover, we do the mail...
0:27:34 > 0:27:38- When you do it, does quite a lot end up on the floor?- No, not really.
0:27:38 > 0:27:40..Xand gets jabbed...
0:27:40 > 0:27:41Ow! What are you doing?
0:27:41 > 0:27:43..and I'm feeling the heat.
0:27:43 > 0:27:46Wow! That is very, very hot.
0:27:46 > 0:27:47SIREN WAILS
0:27:47 > 0:27:51So we'll see you next time for more Operation Ouch.
0:27:51 > 0:27:53What? Is it over?
0:27:53 > 0:27:54I was really enjoying that.
0:27:54 > 0:27:56We're into the unknown of
0:27:56 > 0:27:58what can possibly be known about
0:27:58 > 0:28:00the science of human burping.
0:28:00 > 0:28:02HE BURPS
0:28:02 > 0:28:05The absolute end of possible...
0:28:05 > 0:28:07HE LAUGHS
0:28:07 > 0:28:09Do you think I'll get an OBE for this?
0:28:09 > 0:28:11You'll get a No-B-E for this.