0:00:24 > 0:00:26'He's Dr Chris.'
0:00:26 > 0:00:28'And he's Dr Xand.'
0:00:28 > 0:00:30'Yup, we're twins.'
0:00:30 > 0:00:34'Do you know just how brilliant your body really is?
0:00:34 > 0:00:36'Well, now's the time to find out.'
0:00:36 > 0:00:40'We'll be uncovering the ins and outs of what you're made of.'
0:00:40 > 0:00:42It's harder to speak.
0:00:42 > 0:00:45'We'll be doing awesome experiments...'
0:00:45 > 0:00:47HIGH PITCHED VOICE: You sound ridiculous.
0:00:47 > 0:00:48LOW VOICE: Pipe down, Squeaky.
0:00:50 > 0:00:53'..as we push our own bodies to the limits...'
0:00:53 > 0:00:54OK, here we go.
0:00:57 > 0:01:01'..to show you all the incredible things your body can do.'
0:01:01 > 0:01:03Oh, no!
0:01:04 > 0:01:06Hang around cos this is going to be fun.
0:01:07 > 0:01:10Coming up today...
0:01:09 > 0:01:10on Operation Ouch.
0:01:12 > 0:01:15'What's this man going to do with this hot water bottle?
0:01:15 > 0:01:19'We take an amazing journey through Chris' guts.'
0:01:19 > 0:01:20That feels very private
0:01:20 > 0:01:23- to look inside your stomach and see your sweets.- Yeah!
0:01:23 > 0:01:26'And I take on a surgical challenge.'
0:01:26 > 0:01:29It's wet and it's covered in blood and it looks very,
0:01:29 > 0:01:30it looks very serious.
0:01:30 > 0:01:33'Don't worry, those organs aren't real. But first...'
0:01:35 > 0:01:37In the UK, over five million people
0:01:37 > 0:01:40have to visit the Emergency department every year.
0:01:40 > 0:01:43But some cases are more complicated than others.
0:01:43 > 0:01:46'At Royal Manchester Children's hospital, 10-year-old Yasim
0:01:46 > 0:01:48'was rushed to Accident & Emergency
0:01:48 > 0:01:51'after he slipped and landed on his elbow.'
0:01:51 > 0:01:54After I fell, my elbow looked swollen.
0:01:55 > 0:01:59'This is the good elbow, and this is the swollen elbow.
0:01:59 > 0:02:01'Now, how did this happen?
0:02:01 > 0:02:04'It was break time, and Yasim was racing
0:02:04 > 0:02:05'with his friend and his twin brother.
0:02:05 > 0:02:10'Yasim sped toward the finish line. He could see the ribbon approaching.
0:02:12 > 0:02:15'He dreamt of winning, nice trophy, bit big,
0:02:15 > 0:02:18'when suddenly he skidded, flew through the air
0:02:18 > 0:02:19'and landed on his elbow.
0:02:19 > 0:02:21'The race to the hospital was on.'
0:02:21 > 0:02:25'Ouch. And what about the other race, the one with your friends?'
0:02:25 > 0:02:28They said we could finish it off when I get better.
0:02:28 > 0:02:31'Or they could just say you won that one, don't you think?'
0:02:31 > 0:02:35'First stop is the X-ray department where radiographer takes some X-rays
0:02:35 > 0:02:38'to see what's going on with Yasim's troublesome elbow.'
0:02:40 > 0:02:42OK, that's all done.
0:02:42 > 0:02:46'Enter Dr Ibrar Majid. He's here with the results.
0:02:46 > 0:02:48'What's the verdict, Dr Ibrar?'
0:02:48 > 0:02:50This is your X-ray. You've broken your elbow
0:02:50 > 0:02:53and you need an operation, I think, to fix this.
0:02:53 > 0:02:56'Oh, dear. Yasim won't be lifting a trophy for a while.
0:02:56 > 0:02:57'He needs an operation
0:02:57 > 0:03:00'because part of his bone has come away from where it's supposed to be.'
0:03:00 > 0:03:04The reason why it's moved off it is because there's lots of muscles
0:03:04 > 0:03:10that are attached to this bone which pulled the bone away.
0:03:10 > 0:03:13'Look at that. That's a bit of loose bone!'
0:03:13 > 0:03:15Tomorrow, we'll do an operation
0:03:15 > 0:03:17where we'll push the bit of the bone that's broken back,
0:03:17 > 0:03:18and with some wires fix it.
0:03:18 > 0:03:22It's really important that we fix this because if we don't fix it
0:03:22 > 0:03:25there's a risk that he can lose some function around his elbow.
0:03:25 > 0:03:30- 'So, ARMED with this information...' - 'Terrible joke!'- '..fair enough,
0:03:30 > 0:03:33'Yasim goes back to the ward and gets a visit from his family.
0:03:33 > 0:03:34'But his brother, Hudafer,
0:03:34 > 0:03:37'is particularly worried about the operation.'
0:03:37 > 0:03:40I might feel it cos he is my twin brother.
0:03:40 > 0:03:44'Ah yes, some twins think they can feel the other's pain.'
0:03:44 > 0:03:46'I think you'll be all right,
0:03:46 > 0:03:50'because Yasim will be fast asleep during his operation.'
0:03:50 > 0:03:52'Speaking of sleep, I think it's about time
0:03:52 > 0:03:55'your brothers and sisters left you to get some rest.'
0:03:55 > 0:03:59Good luck, Yasim. Stay brave for tomorrow, yeah?
0:03:59 > 0:04:02'We'll be back later to find out how Yasim's operation goes.'
0:04:07 > 0:04:10'This is our lab, where we're going to put our bodies to the test
0:04:10 > 0:04:12'to show you how your body works.'
0:04:14 > 0:04:15Ow, that really hurt!
0:04:15 > 0:04:18'Just don't try anything you see here at home.'
0:04:18 > 0:04:20'Today we're looking at digestion.'
0:04:20 > 0:04:23We're going to follow the journey that food makes through Chris' body,
0:04:23 > 0:04:27and in order to do this I need to get Chris to swallow a camera.
0:04:28 > 0:04:33This camera. It's a mini camera pill, and Chris is going to eat it.
0:04:33 > 0:04:35And it's not just a camera. There's lights,
0:04:35 > 0:04:38a battery and a radio transmitter in here.
0:04:38 > 0:04:39And what flavour is it?
0:04:39 > 0:04:41- Camera flavour.- My favourite.
0:04:41 > 0:04:43It's a new bit of kit that doctors use
0:04:43 > 0:04:45to look at problems with people's insides.
0:04:45 > 0:04:48So we're going to go on a journey from my mouth
0:04:48 > 0:04:50all the way through my digestive tract.
0:04:50 > 0:04:52Let's go!
0:04:52 > 0:04:55'It's going to take approximately eight hours for the pill
0:04:55 > 0:04:57'to make its way from Chris' mouth, through his body,
0:04:57 > 0:04:59'until it comes out in his poo.'
0:04:59 > 0:05:03'And the first phase of the journey is getting into the stomach,
0:05:03 > 0:05:05'and this only takes seven seconds.'
0:05:07 > 0:05:09It's amazing how quickly it's gone into your stomach, isn't it?
0:05:09 > 0:05:11Yeah, it goes like that, doesn't it?
0:05:11 > 0:05:13And you can feel that, when you drink cold water
0:05:13 > 0:05:16- you can feel it go cold in your stomach.- Yeah.
0:05:16 > 0:05:19'Here are live pictures from the inside of my stomach.
0:05:19 > 0:05:21'The ridges you can see are muscle.
0:05:21 > 0:05:25'That's what pushes the food you eat through your digestive system.'
0:05:25 > 0:05:28So there's lots of space in your stomach. It's basically
0:05:28 > 0:05:33a muscular bag where food is stored while it's cleaned by stomach acid.
0:05:33 > 0:05:35Chris, now I want you to eat some sweets,
0:05:35 > 0:05:38and we'll be able to see them in your stomach. Here's some water.
0:05:38 > 0:05:40'These sweets will now make their way down to my stomach.
0:05:40 > 0:05:43'Here they'll spend a couple of hours being swished around
0:05:43 > 0:05:46'and washed clean. It's a bit like a washing machine.'
0:05:46 > 0:05:49That's the reason you have acid in your stomach.
0:05:49 > 0:05:50It's not to break down food,
0:05:50 > 0:05:52it's to kill bacteria that might cause disease.
0:05:52 > 0:05:54And you might think it's a bit dangerous to have
0:05:54 > 0:05:57a bag full of strong acid in the middle of your body,
0:05:57 > 0:06:01but actually the stomach is coated with kind of thick protective mucus
0:06:01 > 0:06:03and that stops the acid attacking the stomach.
0:06:03 > 0:06:05'So let's see if we can spot those sweets.'
0:06:05 > 0:06:07Yay! Ha-ha!
0:06:08 > 0:06:11'There we go. Two of them, side by side.'
0:06:11 > 0:06:12That feels very private
0:06:12 > 0:06:14to look inside your stomach and see your sweets.
0:06:14 > 0:06:15Yeah!
0:06:15 > 0:06:19So the sweets and the camera will now be cleaned in Chris' stomach acid
0:06:19 > 0:06:23before being pushed out of the stomach through the sphincter muscle.
0:06:23 > 0:06:27'The next stop in my digestive system is the small intestine.'
0:06:27 > 0:06:29This is where the action really happens.
0:06:29 > 0:06:31'There are the sweets from earlier,
0:06:31 > 0:06:35'and you can see the furry lining of Chris' small intestine.
0:06:35 > 0:06:37'It's made up of tiny finger-like things
0:06:37 > 0:06:39'that help to break down food.'
0:06:39 > 0:06:42The small intestine's where food gets digested,
0:06:42 > 0:06:47and it gets mixed up with chemicals called enzymes that digest the food.
0:06:47 > 0:06:51'And that's what we can see from these live pictures inside Chris.
0:06:51 > 0:06:55'All that yellow liquid is the mixture of food, bile and mucus,
0:06:55 > 0:06:57'and you can also see the blood vessels
0:06:57 > 0:06:59'on the walls of the small intestine.'
0:06:59 > 0:07:01The reason the blood supply's so good here is because
0:07:01 > 0:07:05this is where your body gets what it needs out of the food. It gets all
0:07:05 > 0:07:09the nutrients and it gets all the protein, the fat, the carbohydrates.
0:07:09 > 0:07:12And then this sort of sludge here
0:07:12 > 0:07:15is a mixture of bile and the food that you can't digest
0:07:15 > 0:07:18and the mucus will go into the large intestine.
0:07:18 > 0:07:20That's where it gets turned into poo.
0:07:20 > 0:07:21This is like tomorrow's poo.
0:07:23 > 0:07:26'On to the final destination for the camera pill,
0:07:26 > 0:07:30'the large intestine. And that means it's poo time.'
0:07:30 > 0:07:32The large intestine is the final bit of your intestines.
0:07:32 > 0:07:36It runs like this along here, out here and out your bum.
0:07:36 > 0:07:38The camera is now in much thicker liquid
0:07:38 > 0:07:41and the main function of the large intestine
0:07:41 > 0:07:44is to take the liquid out of this and make a solid poo.
0:07:44 > 0:07:46It's still quite liquid, isn't it?
0:07:46 > 0:07:48But there are much more solid bits in it now.
0:07:48 > 0:07:53In fact, I think the camera is now kind of up against the next poo
0:07:53 > 0:07:57that I'm going to have and it's going to become part of that.
0:07:57 > 0:07:59It's a very high tech way of looking at your poo.
0:07:59 > 0:08:02Yes, I think it would be much easier to wait till it came out,
0:08:02 > 0:08:04but then we wouldn't get to see my lovely healthy gut.
0:08:04 > 0:08:08'Hmm. Lovely isn't quite the word that springs to mind
0:08:08 > 0:08:11'but seeing live images from the inside of Chris' guts
0:08:11 > 0:08:13'has been pretty amazing.'
0:08:14 > 0:08:18'From the moment you swallow your food, just like the camera pill,
0:08:18 > 0:08:21'it will take eight hours to travel a total distance of nine metres
0:08:21 > 0:08:25'from your mouth to your stomach, then from your small intestine
0:08:25 > 0:08:28'to your large intestine, until it's ready to be pushed out as poo
0:08:28 > 0:08:31'and ending up in the loo, which is where that camera pill is headed.'
0:08:35 > 0:08:36'Did you know?'
0:08:40 > 0:08:43'Wow, that's amazing and so is this.'
0:08:45 > 0:08:48'An ordinary gym, with ordinary weights
0:08:48 > 0:08:50'and ordinary people lifting them.'
0:08:51 > 0:08:53'Well, except one person.'
0:08:55 > 0:08:57'This man may hold the world record
0:08:57 > 0:09:00'for the most weight squat-lifted in 24 hours,
0:09:00 > 0:09:04'but he's also got an even more amazing body skill than that.'
0:09:06 > 0:09:07'Erm, is that a hot water bottle?'
0:09:07 > 0:09:10'Yep, and just wait to see what he can do with it.'
0:09:12 > 0:09:16'This is Shaun Jones, and he's mastered the unusual art
0:09:16 > 0:09:18'of blowing up hot water bottles until they...
0:09:23 > 0:09:25'..explode.
0:09:25 > 0:09:30- 'That is one powerful set of lungs.' - 'It certainly is.'
0:09:30 > 0:09:33'Shaun holds the world's record for the fastest hot water bottle burst.'
0:09:33 > 0:09:35'But why does he do it?'
0:09:35 > 0:09:38I first started to do the hot water bottle burst
0:09:38 > 0:09:42in a training programme to enhance my training power.
0:09:42 > 0:09:44'Blowing up a thick plastic hot water bottle
0:09:44 > 0:09:48'is 50 times more difficult than blowing up a party balloon.
0:09:48 > 0:09:52'So, how does Shaun's amazing body do this?'
0:09:52 > 0:09:54'Well, although he makes it look easy,
0:09:54 > 0:09:56'Shaun has the incredible ability
0:09:56 > 0:09:58'to expand his lungs more than the average person,
0:09:58 > 0:10:01'filling them with loads more air.
0:10:01 > 0:10:06'And then the super-strong muscles in his chest, diaphragm and tummy
0:10:06 > 0:10:09'means that he can blow out air with so much force he can do this...'
0:10:11 > 0:10:14'And it's taken years of training to get this quick at it.'
0:10:14 > 0:10:17Usually we train twice a day, morning and night,
0:10:17 > 0:10:20and we usually do about three or four hot water bottles per day.
0:10:20 > 0:10:23'People who have a large lung capacity like Shaun
0:10:23 > 0:10:26'can get more oxygen into their body faster.'
0:10:26 > 0:10:30'But don't try this yourself. It's best left to the experts.'
0:10:30 > 0:10:31'Now that's amazing.'
0:10:32 > 0:10:34'Still to come...'
0:10:34 > 0:10:37'Xand shows you what's inside some real bones...'
0:10:37 > 0:10:38So it looks like rock,
0:10:38 > 0:10:42but actually, your bones are as alive as any other part of your body.
0:10:42 > 0:10:45'We show you a trick to amaze your friends.'
0:10:46 > 0:10:48'And I get stuck in with a team of surgeons.'
0:10:48 > 0:10:52It's wet and it's covered in blood and it looks very serious.
0:10:52 > 0:10:55'It's OK, though, it's just a dummy. But now...'
0:10:55 > 0:10:58Let's head down to the Accident & Emergency department
0:10:58 > 0:11:00to see how our patient is doing.
0:11:01 > 0:11:04'Back at Manchester it's time to check in with Yasim
0:11:04 > 0:11:06'and his broken elbow.'
0:11:06 > 0:11:08'He'd been running races at school
0:11:08 > 0:11:10'when he tripped and fell on his elbow.'
0:11:10 > 0:11:13'X-rays showed that part of one of the bones in his elbow
0:11:13 > 0:11:15'had broken loose and he's got to have an operation
0:11:15 > 0:11:17'to put it back in place.'
0:11:17 > 0:11:18'So how are you this morning, Yasim?'
0:11:18 > 0:11:22I'm feeling scared of the operation. I think it might hurt.
0:11:22 > 0:11:25'Don't worry because you'll be getting some special gas
0:11:25 > 0:11:27'that will make you sleep through the whole thing.'
0:11:29 > 0:11:31So, we'll start off with strawberries.
0:11:31 > 0:11:34'Strawberries? This is no time for a picnic.'
0:11:34 > 0:11:38'Xand, he's talking about strawberry-flavoured sleeping gas.'
0:11:38 > 0:11:41I want you to take some nice deep breaths through that.
0:11:41 > 0:11:43'Anyway, as Yasim settles in for a snooze,
0:11:43 > 0:11:45'the operating team start work.'
0:11:45 > 0:11:49'First, the doctors have to put the bone back.
0:11:49 > 0:11:51'To make sure the bone doesn't move,
0:11:51 > 0:11:53'the wires are inserted into the elbow.'
0:11:53 > 0:11:56'Now prepare yourself, cos this could look a bit icky.
0:11:56 > 0:11:57'Told you.'
0:11:57 > 0:12:00'After checking everything's in place...'
0:12:00 > 0:12:01It looks good, actually.
0:12:01 > 0:12:04'..the doctors replace the wires with temporary screws.'
0:12:04 > 0:12:07'More blood shots coming up...'
0:12:07 > 0:12:09'The screws will make sure Yasim's elbow sets
0:12:09 > 0:12:14'in the correct position and will be removed once everything has healed.
0:12:14 > 0:12:17'All that's needed now is a few stitches.'
0:12:17 > 0:12:21'The operation's been a success, and a couple of hours later,
0:12:21 > 0:12:23'Yasim's awake and he can't remember a thing.'
0:12:23 > 0:12:29I feel happy because, erm, before it I was a bit scared.
0:12:29 > 0:12:32'Don't worry. It's all behind you now.
0:12:32 > 0:12:34'But what about that brother of yours?
0:12:34 > 0:12:38'He was worried HE'D feel the pain. It's a twin thing.
0:12:38 > 0:12:39'So, did he?'
0:12:39 > 0:12:43I had a headache and my leg started to wobble.
0:12:43 > 0:12:45'Your leg started to wobble?
0:12:45 > 0:12:48- 'Did you feel any pain in your elbow, though?'- No.
0:12:48 > 0:12:51'Oh, OK. So what about the racing, Yasim?'
0:12:51 > 0:12:54I'm going to stop running for a while
0:12:54 > 0:12:56and watch my friends run instead.
0:12:56 > 0:13:00'Good plan, although from that top it doesn't look like your twin's
0:13:00 > 0:13:03'ready to hang his running shoes up just yet.'
0:13:03 > 0:13:05'But after a bit of TLC from everyone,
0:13:05 > 0:13:06'Yasim is ready to go home.'
0:13:12 > 0:13:15'We've got loads of amazing body tricks to show you,
0:13:15 > 0:13:18'and with this one, your friends won't believe how strong you are.'
0:13:22 > 0:13:25- What are you doing? - I've got my hand on my head.
0:13:25 > 0:13:26- Take it off.- Make me.
0:13:29 > 0:13:32XAND GROANS
0:13:32 > 0:13:36- Is it glued?- I'll show you. It's very easy.- Ohh...
0:13:39 > 0:13:41OK, I'll get it off.
0:13:42 > 0:13:44This is a really great trick that you can do too on anyone,
0:13:44 > 0:13:46no matter how strong they are.
0:13:46 > 0:13:49You simply put your fingers on top of your head and press down.
0:14:02 > 0:14:06'It's simple. Your bicep muscle is so strong it locks into position,
0:14:06 > 0:14:09'and no-one can move it until you decide to relax it.'
0:14:14 > 0:14:16I know what it is.
0:14:17 > 0:14:21My brother has developed superhuman strength.
0:14:29 > 0:14:33'Now it's time for us to hit the hospitals to show you what goes on.'
0:14:34 > 0:14:38'On Operation Ouch, we've seen loads of different surgeries.
0:14:38 > 0:14:39'If you've ever had an operation,
0:14:39 > 0:14:42'you'll know that surgeons are the highly skilled doctors
0:14:42 > 0:14:44'who work in operating theatres,
0:14:44 > 0:14:47'fixing things that go wrong with the body.'
0:14:47 > 0:14:50So how do surgeons know what to do? Well, just like everyone else,
0:14:50 > 0:14:53they need to practise, but they can't do that on real people,
0:14:53 > 0:14:56so they practise their surgical skills on dummies.
0:14:56 > 0:14:59That's plastic models, not dummies like Xand.
0:14:59 > 0:15:02'I'm going to get hands on with a training surgery
0:15:02 > 0:15:04'in this special pop-up operating theatre,
0:15:04 > 0:15:07'designed to look and sound like the real thing.
0:15:07 > 0:15:09'The man in charge of it all,
0:15:09 > 0:15:13'and with the perfect name for the job, is Professor Roger Kneebone.'
0:15:13 > 0:15:15So what do you think I can expect when I go in there?
0:15:15 > 0:15:18When you go in there you're going to be going into an operation
0:15:18 > 0:15:21that's already started and I think what will happen is that you'll find
0:15:21 > 0:15:24because you've gotta do stuff because you've gotta do
0:15:24 > 0:15:27surgical stuff and you've gotta focus on doing that,
0:15:27 > 0:15:28that's where your attention will be
0:15:28 > 0:15:32and you'll pretty quickly lose sight of the fact that it's a simulation
0:15:32 > 0:15:33and you'll think it's real.
0:15:33 > 0:15:36So I'm very curious to find out if that is true. At the moment
0:15:36 > 0:15:39I feel like, I know it's a silicon dummy, I know it's fake blood,
0:15:39 > 0:15:41I know there isn't a life at stake,
0:15:41 > 0:15:44and I'm just not expecting to get all that worried about it,
0:15:44 > 0:15:47but maybe, as you say, I will sort of buy in.
0:15:47 > 0:15:49We'll see.
0:15:49 > 0:15:52'So I'm going to be operating on these fake organs,
0:15:52 > 0:15:55'but how well will I work as a surgeon under pressure?
0:15:55 > 0:15:58'With all this equipment and a proper surgical team
0:15:58 > 0:16:00'this is going to be a real test.
0:16:01 > 0:16:04'And the woman who'll be assessing my surgical skills
0:16:04 > 0:16:06is experienced surgeon
0:16:06 > 0:16:08Dr Laura Coates.'
0:16:10 > 0:16:12So Laura, what am I going to be doing today?
0:16:12 > 0:16:14We're going to get you into theatre,
0:16:14 > 0:16:16you're going to be doing the operation
0:16:16 > 0:16:19and the dummy is a 13-year-old boy that's had a handlebar injury
0:16:19 > 0:16:22to his tummy and he's come into A&E with lots and lots of pain.
0:16:22 > 0:16:23He's had a scan that shows that
0:16:23 > 0:16:25there might be some mischief going on inside his belly
0:16:25 > 0:16:28and we want to find out what that mischief is.
0:16:28 > 0:16:29So you're going to be assessing me.
0:16:29 > 0:16:31What are you going to be looking for?
0:16:31 > 0:16:34You need to take the lead on looking for the problem in a systematic way
0:16:34 > 0:16:36and then finding the problem
0:16:36 > 0:16:39and dealing with it in a calm, controlled manner.
0:16:39 > 0:16:41'No pressure, then.
0:16:41 > 0:16:44'First things first, I need to get scrubbed up.
0:16:44 > 0:16:46'This is a vital part of preparing for surgery,
0:16:46 > 0:16:49'to make sure the operating theatre, including me,
0:16:49 > 0:16:51'is completely bacteria free,
0:16:51 > 0:16:53'so I don't pass on any germs to the patient.
0:16:53 > 0:16:55'So, here we go. Let's see how I get on.'
0:16:55 > 0:16:57I'm not used to this position,
0:16:57 > 0:17:00this is the lead surgeon position, isn't it? OK.
0:17:00 > 0:17:03Yeah, absolutely. You're taking charge.
0:17:03 > 0:17:05This is extremely realistic, isn't it?
0:17:05 > 0:17:06Yeah, have a feel of it.
0:17:06 > 0:17:10'Although this is a dummy, the organs are surprisingly real.'
0:17:10 > 0:17:13It feels a lot like real human tissue, it's really extraordinary.
0:17:13 > 0:17:17It's wet and it's covered in blood and it looks very serious.
0:17:17 > 0:17:20You know, if this was a real person we opened up the abdomen
0:17:20 > 0:17:24and this is what we saw, it'd be very worrying, wouldn't it?
0:17:24 > 0:17:27'If the patient was well, there wouldn't be this much blood,
0:17:27 > 0:17:30'so I need to work quickly to check if any of the organs in the abdomen
0:17:30 > 0:17:35'have been damaged and find out where all the blood is coming from.'
0:17:35 > 0:17:38So I'm going to divide the abdomen into the four quadrants.
0:17:38 > 0:17:41- I'm going to start in the top left quadrant.- Absolutely.
0:17:41 > 0:17:46So this is the spleen I'm feeling. The top of the spleen feels intact.
0:17:46 > 0:17:48OK, so move on down to the bottom.
0:17:48 > 0:17:50'Now I've given the all clear on the spleen,
0:17:50 > 0:17:53'I need to move quickly onto the liver and then the bowels.'
0:17:53 > 0:17:55Can we have a large swab, please?
0:17:55 > 0:17:57Quite a lot of blood coming up from here.
0:17:57 > 0:17:59'I still haven't found the source of the bleeding,
0:17:59 > 0:18:01'and the patient is losing a lot of blood.
0:18:01 > 0:18:05'If this was a real surgical situation it would be very serious.
0:18:05 > 0:18:08'So I need to find where the blood is coming from and stop it fast.'
0:18:10 > 0:18:12This patient is losing a huge amount of blood.
0:18:12 > 0:18:15'Oh, there it is, I've found it. It's in the lower bowel.
0:18:15 > 0:18:18'So this instrument that looks like a pair of scissors
0:18:18 > 0:18:21'is actually a metal clip that's grabbed the blood vessel
0:18:21 > 0:18:23'and stops it bleeding temporarily.'
0:18:24 > 0:18:25Excellent - well done.
0:18:25 > 0:18:28Having found the artery and clipped it, we can't leave this
0:18:28 > 0:18:30big metal clip inside the patient,
0:18:30 > 0:18:33so we need to tie off the artery.
0:18:33 > 0:18:35Now I have to tighten these knots to make sure
0:18:35 > 0:18:38we've stopped the bleeding permanently.
0:18:38 > 0:18:40OK, the knot's not quite tight enough.
0:18:40 > 0:18:43My surgical tie. No, that's come off. OK.
0:18:45 > 0:18:48So although I know this is a dummy, the force of habit of seeing
0:18:48 > 0:18:51that much blood, which looks very real squirting out of the patient,
0:18:51 > 0:18:54is very exciting. I don't know if you get used to it,
0:18:54 > 0:18:57but that was - I had a real sense of urgency about having to
0:18:57 > 0:19:00quickly do something and also that slight sense of,
0:19:00 > 0:19:04cos I'm not a surgeon, of not really knowing exactly what I'm doing.
0:19:04 > 0:19:06But I'm pleased to say my 13-year-old dummy
0:19:06 > 0:19:08has made a perfect recovery.
0:19:08 > 0:19:10Phew.
0:19:10 > 0:19:12'And I'm glad you were working on a dummy too, Chris.
0:19:12 > 0:19:16'Best to leave the real life-saving operations to the trained experts.'
0:19:16 > 0:19:18What I was amazed at how realistic it felt,
0:19:18 > 0:19:21so I was very stressed while we were looking for the bleeding,
0:19:21 > 0:19:24and then when we clipped it off, I just felt this big sense of relief.
0:19:24 > 0:19:26I really bought into -
0:19:26 > 0:19:30this wasn't a dummy, this was a real patient and we needed to stop it.
0:19:30 > 0:19:32So overall, how did I do?
0:19:32 > 0:19:35The things you did well were the systematic approach,
0:19:35 > 0:19:38you did things in order, very logically,
0:19:38 > 0:19:39and you did things very thoroughly,
0:19:39 > 0:19:41looking for a problem in one quarter,
0:19:41 > 0:19:44then another, then another and then you found where the bleed was.
0:19:44 > 0:19:46Anything I didn't do right?
0:19:46 > 0:19:49It did take you a little while to stop the bleeding once you found it
0:19:49 > 0:19:51but you did get there eventually, and I think with
0:19:51 > 0:19:54more practising here, you'd do that really quickly in real life.
0:19:54 > 0:19:57So that's the point of training somewhere like this is that
0:19:57 > 0:20:00you build up a bank of experience without doing it on the patients.
0:20:00 > 0:20:04For new surgeons, the opportunity to experience a realistic operation
0:20:04 > 0:20:06like that is a brilliant way of preparing to operate
0:20:06 > 0:20:08on real people and save lives.
0:20:13 > 0:20:15How much does the average adult skeleton weigh?
0:20:16 > 0:20:19Is it as much as - one car tyre?
0:20:20 > 0:20:23Five BMX bikes? Or 15 bricks?
0:20:25 > 0:20:27The answer is - one car tyre.
0:20:27 > 0:20:31Our skeleton only makes up about 15% of our overall body weight.
0:20:31 > 0:20:34The rest is our muscles, guts and blood.
0:20:34 > 0:20:38And talking of skeletons, now it's time for Investigation Ouch!
0:20:38 > 0:20:40So what do you think the inside of a bone looks like?
0:20:40 > 0:20:44This is an animal's thigh bone and I'm going to cut it in half
0:20:44 > 0:20:45and show you.
0:20:47 > 0:20:51And you can see how amazingly strong bone is by the fact that
0:20:51 > 0:20:53I have to use a saw to cut through it.
0:20:55 > 0:20:58Aw! There we go. Now look at that, that's perfect.
0:20:58 > 0:21:00So it looks like rock
0:21:00 > 0:21:04but actually your bones are as alive as any other part of your body.
0:21:04 > 0:21:06Inside the bone is a web of fibres,
0:21:06 > 0:21:09and that's what gives bones their amazing strength.
0:21:09 > 0:21:12These spongy fibres can absorb lots of pressure,
0:21:12 > 0:21:15meaning our skeleton is one of the toughest parts of our body.
0:21:15 > 0:21:20So bones are incredible but they're also incredibly complex
0:21:20 > 0:21:23and in here, engineers are growing them.
0:21:25 > 0:21:28Meet engineering expert Dr Michelle Oyen.
0:21:28 > 0:21:31She's so interested in the structure of bones that she's built these
0:21:31 > 0:21:35robots made out of Lego so they can make artificial bones in a lab.
0:21:37 > 0:21:39Michelle, why are bones so amazing?
0:21:39 > 0:21:42Bone itself has really fantastic physical properties,
0:21:42 > 0:21:45especially for something of its weight or density.
0:21:45 > 0:21:49It's really stiff, it's really strong and it's really tough -
0:21:49 > 0:21:51resistant to breaking.
0:21:51 > 0:21:53So Michelle, what are you doing here?
0:21:53 > 0:21:57We're dipping a screw into four different beakers,
0:21:57 > 0:21:59two of them just have water,
0:21:59 > 0:22:05and the other two have some protein from your body and also some calcium
0:22:05 > 0:22:09in one jar and in the other jar, we have some chemicals called phosphate.
0:22:09 > 0:22:12So the little piece of metal there is being dipped in these liquids
0:22:12 > 0:22:14but you're getting a solid bone out of it?
0:22:14 > 0:22:17Yeah, it's forming, it's growing itself as we dip,
0:22:17 > 0:22:21so we go over and over and over again and the layer gets thicker
0:22:21 > 0:22:22and thicker and thicker.
0:22:22 > 0:22:23So why are you doing this?
0:22:23 > 0:22:28For surgeries, you could take a screw which are used in surgeries
0:22:28 > 0:22:31when you have broken bones to hold your bones together,
0:22:31 > 0:22:35but the biological cells in your body don't really like the metal,
0:22:35 > 0:22:38and so if you put a bone coating on the screw,
0:22:38 > 0:22:41then those cells would basically not see the metal.
0:22:41 > 0:22:45But Michelle is an engineer and thinks she can take her
0:22:45 > 0:22:48home-grown bones and make something much more spectacular.
0:22:48 > 0:22:51We're interested in building things and so we think it's got
0:22:51 > 0:22:55a lot of applications for maybe making skyscrapers.
0:22:55 > 0:22:58That's amazing - you're actually taking the inspiration from
0:22:58 > 0:23:01the human skeleton to do something completely different with it.
0:23:01 > 0:23:03Absolutely, and it makes sense
0:23:03 > 0:23:05because we've evolved over millions of years
0:23:05 > 0:23:08and this is the structural material that holds us up,
0:23:08 > 0:23:10so it absolutely makes perfect sense
0:23:10 > 0:23:14that we might be able to make new things where it's holding them up.
0:23:14 > 0:23:17In fact, remember the web-like pattern of fibres
0:23:17 > 0:23:19we saw inside the bone earlier?
0:23:19 > 0:23:22Well it's this same pattern which was the inspiration behind the
0:23:22 > 0:23:27structure of a very famous landmark - the Eiffel Tower in Paris.
0:23:29 > 0:23:31Isn't it amazing to think that one day,
0:23:31 > 0:23:35we could actually be living in buildings made out of bone!
0:23:35 > 0:23:38But these are small beginnings and after 24 hours,
0:23:38 > 0:23:41this is the result of the robot's work in the lab.
0:23:41 > 0:23:43So it really looks like a real bone, doesn't it?
0:23:43 > 0:23:45Yep, because it's made of the same stuff.
0:23:45 > 0:23:48This tiny bone is the final product
0:23:48 > 0:23:51and it's almost exactly the same as the bones in your body,
0:23:51 > 0:23:55but there's one crucial difference - it's not alive - it's inanimate.
0:23:55 > 0:23:59The bones in your body have living cells in them that allow them
0:23:59 > 0:24:01to grow and mend if you break them.
0:24:01 > 0:24:02Yeah, man!
0:24:06 > 0:24:08Medical teams always expect the unexpected.
0:24:08 > 0:24:11Let's see how they deal with this patient.
0:24:14 > 0:24:1714-year-old Chloe has come into Accident & Emergency
0:24:17 > 0:24:19with an irritated eye.
0:24:19 > 0:24:21I got something sharp in my eye. My vision's all blurred.
0:24:21 > 0:24:23I can't see anything at all.
0:24:23 > 0:24:26Can't see anything at all - how on earth did this happen?
0:24:29 > 0:24:32Chloe was minding her own business, walking to class,
0:24:32 > 0:24:35head in the clouds... There they are - nice.
0:24:35 > 0:24:38When a massive tornado crashed through the walls
0:24:38 > 0:24:40and made its way towards her.
0:24:40 > 0:24:41Really?
0:24:41 > 0:24:44Not exactly, Chris, there was a gust of wind,
0:24:44 > 0:24:48but it was strong enough to blow something sharp into her eye.
0:24:48 > 0:24:50Ooh, there it goes.
0:24:50 > 0:24:53Now that has to hurt. Ouch.
0:24:53 > 0:24:56If there's something in your eye, you could go blind, couldn't you?
0:24:56 > 0:24:58Well, maybe not blind, Mum.
0:24:58 > 0:25:02Let's get Professor Simon Carley in to take a look.
0:25:02 > 0:25:04Look up to the sky if you can.
0:25:04 > 0:25:07OK. Does it feel like there's something in there?
0:25:07 > 0:25:08Yeah, at the top.
0:25:08 > 0:25:11Chloe's eye is so sore that it keeps closing,
0:25:11 > 0:25:14so Professor Simon puts some special drips in to numb it,
0:25:14 > 0:25:18which means she can keep her eye open and he can take a closer look.
0:25:19 > 0:25:22If you look with a normal light, this all looks actually pretty good.
0:25:22 > 0:25:25I can't see any bits and bobs in there at the moment.
0:25:25 > 0:25:27No bits and no bobs. That's always good.
0:25:27 > 0:25:30But if there is anything in there, the eye's got a little sneaky
0:25:30 > 0:25:33habit of trapping it under your top lid and every time you blink,
0:25:33 > 0:25:36it scrapes the front of your eye and drives you nuts.
0:25:36 > 0:25:39So what I'd like to do is flip the eyelid inside out,
0:25:39 > 0:25:41and have a look on the inside.
0:25:41 > 0:25:44Not for the squeamish but it's the only way to get under that lid.
0:25:46 > 0:25:48Told you - time for some eyelid peeling.
0:25:48 > 0:25:52Professor Simon holds up the eyelid and in the twinkling of an eye,
0:25:52 > 0:25:55or at least a bit of a flick from side to side, he finds...
0:25:55 > 0:25:57Looking at underneath here, I can't see anything
0:25:57 > 0:25:58..nothing.
0:25:58 > 0:26:00There's probably nothing stuck in there
0:26:00 > 0:26:02but you've still got the sensation something's there,
0:26:02 > 0:26:04and that usually means there's a scratch.
0:26:04 > 0:26:06Your eyes might be small
0:26:06 > 0:26:09but they're actually one of the most complicated parts of your body.
0:26:09 > 0:26:12To protect them, your eyeballs are covered in a thin see-through
0:26:12 > 0:26:15layer of skin called the cornea.
0:26:15 > 0:26:16When you get something in your eye,
0:26:16 > 0:26:18sometimes the cornea can get scratched.
0:26:18 > 0:26:23And this is what Professor Simon thinks has happened to Chloe.
0:26:23 > 0:26:26But just to be sure, he wants to do one more test.
0:26:27 > 0:26:30He puts a special drop into Chloe's eye which means that under
0:26:30 > 0:26:34an ultraviolet light, any scratches on the cornea will show.
0:26:34 > 0:26:36Argh, that's scary! Turn the lights back on.
0:26:36 > 0:26:37Xand, you're such a baby.
0:26:37 > 0:26:40It's a good thing I'm here to keep an eye on you.
0:26:40 > 0:26:42We could leave that to Chloe, I suppose.
0:26:42 > 0:26:44What you can see through the microscope is
0:26:44 > 0:26:46something's been trapped underneath the eyelid,
0:26:46 > 0:26:48and it's been scratching the surface of the eye.
0:26:48 > 0:26:52So it's good news that there's no major damage to Chloe's eye,
0:26:52 > 0:26:55but Professor Simon has got some treatment to make
0:26:55 > 0:26:56the irritation more comfortable.
0:26:56 > 0:27:00We'll give you a cream for your eye. Your body will heal that
0:27:00 > 0:27:03in a matter of days, it will be fantastic,
0:27:03 > 0:27:06and it will just get better and will look fine.
0:27:06 > 0:27:08It will function fine and you'll be fine.
0:27:10 > 0:27:12So Chloe will be back to normal in no time,
0:27:12 > 0:27:14which means she can head home.
0:27:14 > 0:27:17Bye, Chloe... Bye?
0:27:18 > 0:27:22Next time - we take a look at our poo.
0:27:22 > 0:27:24Oh, Chris, that's awful.
0:27:24 > 0:27:25It does smell bad.
0:27:25 > 0:27:29Chris joins an air ambulance rescue team.
0:27:29 > 0:27:32And Xand gives blood and finds out where it goes.
0:27:32 > 0:27:37Behind me are 800 bags of live human blood.
0:27:37 > 0:27:39So we'll see you next time on Operation Ouch!
0:27:51 > 0:27:54Subtitling by Red Bee Media Ltd