0:00:24 > 0:00:25He's Dr Chris...
0:00:25 > 0:00:28And he's Dr Xand...
0:00:28 > 0:00:30Yep, we're twins.
0:00:30 > 0:00:34Now's the time to find out just how brilliant your body really is...
0:00:34 > 0:00:38From the ins and outs of what you're made of...
0:00:38 > 0:00:40I've got a big hole in my head.
0:00:40 > 0:00:42To awesome experiments.
0:00:44 > 0:00:48We're turning our bodies inside out and upside down...
0:00:48 > 0:00:50Oh... Ohhh...
0:00:50 > 0:00:53To show you all the incredible things your body can do.
0:00:53 > 0:00:54Oh no!
0:00:55 > 0:00:57Coming up today...
0:00:57 > 0:00:58On Operation Ouch.
0:01:01 > 0:01:05I explore the inside of Xand's head...
0:01:05 > 0:01:08This man reveals a mouth-watering ability...
0:01:08 > 0:01:12And Xand joins paramedics on an emergency call to an asthma attack.
0:01:12 > 0:01:13Asthma attacks can be really serious,
0:01:13 > 0:01:16this is the kind of call we've got to get to very quickly.
0:01:16 > 0:01:17But first...
0:01:17 > 0:01:20What started off as a normal day for our first patient
0:01:20 > 0:01:23has ended up with a trip to Accident and Emergency.
0:01:23 > 0:01:26Luckily, they've come to the right place.
0:01:26 > 0:01:27BOTH: Phew.
0:01:28 > 0:01:32In Liverpool, nine-year-old Charlie is in hospital with a painful elbow.
0:01:32 > 0:01:34See? Painful.
0:01:34 > 0:01:36So what have you done to it?
0:01:36 > 0:01:40Tried to do a leapfrog, but my pants were too far down
0:01:40 > 0:01:42cos I had heavy stuff in me pocket.
0:01:42 > 0:01:44You did what?
0:01:44 > 0:01:47He did a leapfrog, but his pants were too low down.
0:01:47 > 0:01:49Hang on let's get this story straight.
0:01:51 > 0:01:54Charlie was on his way home from school with his cousin.
0:01:54 > 0:01:56They saw some bollards up ahead and had a great idea.
0:01:56 > 0:01:58That explains the light bulbs, then.
0:01:58 > 0:02:01- They were going to leapfrog. - That explains the frogs, then.
0:02:01 > 0:02:06Yes, but as Charlie leapt into the air his trousers got caught
0:02:06 > 0:02:09- and he fell smack onto the ground. - Ouch.
0:02:09 > 0:02:12SIREN
0:02:12 > 0:02:14Enter Dr Sarah Pyper.
0:02:14 > 0:02:18She'll examine that arm to find how what's wrong with it.
0:02:18 > 0:02:20Sore there.
0:02:20 > 0:02:22I was a bit worried you might have broken this bone,
0:02:22 > 0:02:25but the bottom of the humerus which is this long bone here...
0:02:25 > 0:02:27Me dream come true.
0:02:27 > 0:02:29Eh? Your dream come true?
0:02:29 > 0:02:32Not playing for Liverpool or winning an Oscar?
0:02:32 > 0:02:34Broken bones can be pretty serious, you know?
0:02:34 > 0:02:36Well, an X-ray's the only way to find out
0:02:36 > 0:02:38if Charlie's dream really has come true.
0:02:38 > 0:02:42Keep nice and still there for me. Brilliant.
0:02:46 > 0:02:48The bone Charlie may have broken is the humerus,
0:02:48 > 0:02:50running from the shoulder to the elbow,
0:02:50 > 0:02:53it's the fourth longest bone in your body.
0:02:53 > 0:02:56Often called the funny bone, the humerus has a nerve
0:02:56 > 0:02:59running through it very close to the skin.
0:02:59 > 0:03:01That's why when you bang your elbow,
0:03:01 > 0:03:04you get that funny tingly sensation.
0:03:04 > 0:03:08With Charlie's X-rays done, Dr Sarah delivers her verdict.
0:03:08 > 0:03:11- I'm afraid it is broken. - Get in!
0:03:12 > 0:03:14What's the matter with this boy?
0:03:14 > 0:03:17It looks like Charlie's crazy "I've broken my arm badly" dream
0:03:17 > 0:03:18is alive and well.
0:03:18 > 0:03:20He's got a little break to the humerus,
0:03:20 > 0:03:22the long bone of his arm just above the elbow joint.
0:03:22 > 0:03:23It's not in too bad a position
0:03:23 > 0:03:26so hopefully it will get away with just putting it in a cast.
0:03:26 > 0:03:29- Shall we get it in a cast now? - Yep.
0:03:29 > 0:03:32Oh, so it's the CAST you wanted, right, that's the dream.
0:03:32 > 0:03:34But hold on a moment...
0:03:34 > 0:03:36I just need to have a little word with the bone doctors
0:03:36 > 0:03:38just to make sure they're happy with the X-ray,
0:03:38 > 0:03:42because sometimes they want to put wires in.
0:03:42 > 0:03:45- Right.- Sometimes it does need a little operation.
0:03:45 > 0:03:48I don't think an operation was part of the dream,
0:03:48 > 0:03:51but it could be the only way to make that arm heal properly.
0:03:51 > 0:03:54Still, his dream comes temporarily true with a temporary cast.
0:03:54 > 0:03:59But Charlie has to stay in hospital overnight so that the doctors
0:03:59 > 0:04:01can decide whether he'll need an operation or not.
0:04:01 > 0:04:04Ooh, that looks painful.
0:04:09 > 0:04:11And now, we're heading to our lab
0:04:11 > 0:04:14where we're going to put our bodies to the test
0:04:14 > 0:04:15to show you how your body works.
0:04:17 > 0:04:19Ow, that really hurt!
0:04:19 > 0:04:21Just don't try anything you see here at home.
0:04:21 > 0:04:24Your nose, mouth and stomach are all connected.
0:04:24 > 0:04:25If you've ever been sick
0:04:25 > 0:04:28and had vomit coming out your nose you'll know this is true.
0:04:28 > 0:04:29But here's the proof.
0:04:29 > 0:04:31I'm going to take this nasogastric tube,
0:04:31 > 0:04:34stick it through Xand's nose, down into his stomach.
0:04:34 > 0:04:36If Chris gets this wrong, he could kill me.
0:04:39 > 0:04:42He could drive it up into my brain, or down into my lungs,
0:04:42 > 0:04:45so we can only do this because we're doctors.
0:04:47 > 0:04:51Now, nasogastric tube means nose-stomach tube in Latin,
0:04:51 > 0:04:55but the reason we don't call it a nose-stomach tube is because...
0:04:55 > 0:04:57I have no idea why that is.
0:04:59 > 0:05:01Anyway let's go.
0:05:01 > 0:05:05First things first. We need to get that tube into Xand's stomach.
0:05:07 > 0:05:10These tubes are used in hospitals to feed patients who are too ill
0:05:10 > 0:05:14to eat normally and this experiment will show you how that's possible.
0:05:14 > 0:05:17- So, now the tube is about here in Xand...- Yeah, right,
0:05:17 > 0:05:20so I feel like you're right in the middle of my brain, now.
0:05:20 > 0:05:21I'm not.
0:05:21 > 0:05:24So can you see at the back of my throat?
0:05:24 > 0:05:25Open up - yes.
0:05:25 > 0:05:27The tip is right at the back of your throat.
0:05:27 > 0:05:31After a bit more careful manoeuvring, the tube is now in Xand's stomach.
0:05:34 > 0:05:35How are you feeling?
0:05:35 > 0:05:38It's like having a very bad cold, cos obviously one nostril
0:05:38 > 0:05:40is literally completely blocked.
0:05:40 > 0:05:42And you look silly.
0:05:42 > 0:05:44Do I? I thought I looked quite cool.
0:05:44 > 0:05:47So, now the tube's in place, we're going to use it
0:05:47 > 0:05:50to prove your nose and stomach are connected.
0:05:51 > 0:05:53First, I'm going to drink some blue milk...
0:05:53 > 0:05:55And next some yellow milk.
0:05:56 > 0:06:00Now, inside Xand, the blue and yellow milk are in his stomach,
0:06:00 > 0:06:01where the end of the tube is.
0:06:01 > 0:06:05To prove it, let's suck the milk back out through his nose with a syringe.
0:06:09 > 0:06:11We've got yellow and blue stripy milk...
0:06:15 > 0:06:18But hang on, what happens if we...
0:06:18 > 0:06:19MUSIC: "Wiggle It" by 2 In A Room
0:06:19 > 0:06:21# Wiggle it just a little bit
0:06:21 > 0:06:22# I wanna see you wiggle it... #
0:06:22 > 0:06:24Nice moves, Xand.
0:06:24 > 0:06:26And the milk has turned green.
0:06:26 > 0:06:27BING!
0:06:31 > 0:06:35So, we've shown your nose, throat and stomach are all connected
0:06:35 > 0:06:37and this means, if a patient's too ill to swallow,
0:06:37 > 0:06:39doctors can use a tube like this to feed them.
0:06:39 > 0:06:41But it's not nearly as nice as eating
0:06:41 > 0:06:43your food yourself, is it, Xand?
0:06:49 > 0:06:51If you're in need of medical help fast...
0:06:51 > 0:06:55There are teams of paramedics near you ready to assist.
0:06:55 > 0:06:58We're going on call with the UK's emergency services,
0:06:58 > 0:07:01heading into the thick of the action to help save lives.
0:07:01 > 0:07:04Now it's Xand's turn on the front line.
0:07:04 > 0:07:06This is a rapid response emergency vehicle.
0:07:06 > 0:07:10It's designed to get a medical team to an incident within minutes.
0:07:11 > 0:07:15This fast medical service is on standby, ready to help you, 24/7.
0:07:15 > 0:07:18On call with me today is paramedic Jan Vann.
0:07:22 > 0:07:25The service takes thousands of 999 calls,
0:07:25 > 0:07:28and Jan alone can get up to 20 emergency call outs in a day,
0:07:28 > 0:07:30and you're coming with us
0:07:30 > 0:07:33We've got James with us filming - there we go
0:07:33 > 0:07:35and then I've also brought this camera with me,
0:07:35 > 0:07:39so that I can get as close as possible, record as much as I can.
0:07:39 > 0:07:43An emergency call has been made and the blue lights are on.
0:07:43 > 0:07:45We've got to get there fast.
0:07:45 > 0:07:49So, we've just got a call to a young girl with an asthma attack
0:07:49 > 0:07:51who's having problems breathing.
0:07:51 > 0:07:53Asthma attacks can be really serious,
0:07:53 > 0:07:55it's the kind of call we've got to get to very quickly.
0:07:55 > 0:07:57But there's some confusion...
0:07:57 > 0:08:00There's two running tracks... If you can just double check
0:08:00 > 0:08:02I'm going to the right place, please - over.
0:08:02 > 0:08:04So it's very important when you're making a 999 call
0:08:04 > 0:08:07to give as much detail as you can, and to stay on the line.
0:08:07 > 0:08:09Saying things like, "We're at the running track,"
0:08:09 > 0:08:11well, there are two running tracks in the area
0:08:11 > 0:08:13and we don't know which one we're going to.
0:08:13 > 0:08:15But after more information comes in,
0:08:15 > 0:08:16we make it to the right sports track,
0:08:16 > 0:08:20and we need to find our patient quickly and treat her asthma attack.
0:08:20 > 0:08:23So we're on our way. They seem to have found her inhaler at least,
0:08:23 > 0:08:26so she may already be getting some treatment.
0:08:27 > 0:08:30As we find Ivana she has her inhaler,
0:08:30 > 0:08:32but is still struggling for breath.
0:08:32 > 0:08:34- Can you tell me what happened? - I was running.
0:08:34 > 0:08:37So you were feeling short of breath as you were running?
0:08:37 > 0:08:38- Was that panicking you a bit? - Yeah.
0:08:38 > 0:08:41OK. Can I have a quick listen to your chest, is that all right?
0:08:43 > 0:08:46So, what Jan's just been doing is listening to her chest,
0:08:46 > 0:08:48and that's really important to do with an asthmatic,
0:08:48 > 0:08:50because you get a kind of whistling sound
0:08:50 > 0:08:53and your chest gets tight if you're not getting enough air in.
0:08:53 > 0:08:57Right, your chest is really clear, there's no wheeze. OK?
0:08:57 > 0:09:00So although you feel you can't breathe you're getting plenty in.
0:09:00 > 0:09:03Actually, her chest sounds really clear, you can hear the air
0:09:03 > 0:09:05freely rushing in, and that's really good news.
0:09:05 > 0:09:08So it may be that one of the reasons she's feeling so ill
0:09:08 > 0:09:09is because she's so frightened
0:09:09 > 0:09:11of having an asthma attack, she's been breathing too much.
0:09:11 > 0:09:14What's actually happened is she's been hyperventilating,
0:09:14 > 0:09:17which actually blows off all the carbon dioxide in your blood.
0:09:17 > 0:09:19We need to get her breathing controlled,
0:09:19 > 0:09:21keep an eye on her temperature
0:09:21 > 0:09:23and make sure she doesn't get any hotter.
0:09:23 > 0:09:26It's great to see Ivana taking part in sport despite her asthma,
0:09:26 > 0:09:29but Jan hasn't quite finished with her yet.
0:09:29 > 0:09:30She's checking her blood pressure,
0:09:30 > 0:09:33she's checking whether or not she's got a temperature,
0:09:33 > 0:09:34she's checking her pulse
0:09:34 > 0:09:36and she's checking the level of oxygen in her blood.
0:09:36 > 0:09:39Your pulse is going a bit quick, but I'm not surprised by that.
0:09:39 > 0:09:40Once everything settles down,
0:09:40 > 0:09:43you'll be back to normal and you won't need to go to hospital.
0:09:43 > 0:09:46Now she's used her inhaler and she's sat somewhere nice and cool
0:09:46 > 0:09:47with a fan on her she feels a lot better.
0:09:47 > 0:09:49Ready to run another race.
0:09:49 > 0:09:50No. Ha ha ha!
0:09:50 > 0:09:53Ivana's already a lot better,
0:09:53 > 0:09:55so we're off to get ready for the next call out.
0:09:55 > 0:09:58- Bye. - Good luck. Take care.
0:09:59 > 0:10:02With hundreds of rapid response crews like this on standby,
0:10:02 > 0:10:04it means that if you have an emergency,
0:10:04 > 0:10:06medical care can be with you in minutes.
0:10:09 > 0:10:11Still to come...
0:10:11 > 0:10:13Chris meets a surgeon of the future.
0:10:13 > 0:10:16We'll show you how to mystify your friends
0:10:16 > 0:10:18with another mind-bending trick.
0:10:18 > 0:10:22And things get nippy when I enter a room colder than anywhere on earth.
0:10:24 > 0:10:29Now, did you know you have 10,000 taste buds on your tongue?
0:10:29 > 0:10:32And inside each one are up to 100 cells all helping you taste
0:10:32 > 0:10:36everything from the sweetest cake to the spiciest chilli.
0:10:36 > 0:10:38That's amazing....and so's this.
0:10:38 > 0:10:41An ordinary town with ordinary people.
0:10:42 > 0:10:44Well, except for one person.
0:10:44 > 0:10:46But what makes him so special?
0:10:46 > 0:10:47Can I have an ice cream, please?
0:10:47 > 0:10:50A lot of people like ice cream, Chris.
0:10:50 > 0:10:52Oh, is it that he's gone for boring vanilla
0:10:52 > 0:10:54when he could have had mint chocolate chip?
0:10:54 > 0:10:56Ooh, been looking forward to this all day.
0:10:56 > 0:10:59No, in fact this man is hiding an amazing body.
0:11:01 > 0:11:04Whoa, whoa, whoa, make it stop, make it stop.
0:11:04 > 0:11:08This is Stephen Taylor and he has the world's longest tongue.
0:11:08 > 0:11:11MUSIC: "Bonkers" by Dizzee Rascal
0:11:11 > 0:11:14- How long, you ask? - Well, I was just about to.
0:11:14 > 0:11:17Well, his record-breaking tongue measures a massive 10 centimetres
0:11:17 > 0:11:21from the tip to his lip - that's as long as a sausage.
0:11:23 > 0:11:26So what's it like having such a long tongue?
0:11:26 > 0:11:28The advantages of having a long tongue, um...
0:11:28 > 0:11:31Well, I can eat a yogurt without using a spoon,
0:11:31 > 0:11:32so it saves on the washing up.
0:11:32 > 0:11:35Oh, I think you may still have to wash that beard.
0:11:36 > 0:11:39But although lizard-tongue Stephen can probably lap up an ice cream
0:11:39 > 0:11:42quicker than you, don't worry you're not missing out
0:11:42 > 0:11:43when it comes to flavour.
0:11:43 > 0:11:45Because taste buds don't just live on your tongue.
0:11:45 > 0:11:48In fact, they're also at the back of you throat.
0:11:50 > 0:11:51Kilo for kilo,
0:11:51 > 0:11:54the tongue is the strongest muscle in the human body which makes
0:11:54 > 0:11:59Stephen's licker the heavyweight champion of the tongue world.
0:11:59 > 0:12:01Now, that's amazing.
0:12:04 > 0:12:06Mm-hm, mm-hm?
0:12:06 > 0:12:09No, that's not amazing, you are still a long way off.
0:12:09 > 0:12:11Hmmmm.
0:12:11 > 0:12:14Let's go back to Accident and Emergency to see
0:12:14 > 0:12:16how our patient's getting along.
0:12:18 > 0:12:21Nine-year-old Charlie is in hospital with a broken elbow.
0:12:21 > 0:12:25- He'd had a bright idea. - There go the light bulbs again.
0:12:25 > 0:12:27- They were going to leapfrog. - And there go the frogs again!
0:12:27 > 0:12:31Yes, Xand, but as he jumped over the bollard his trousers got caught
0:12:31 > 0:12:32and he fell onto his arm.
0:12:35 > 0:12:39A plaster cast was his dream, but surgery could also be on the cards.
0:12:39 > 0:12:42After a night in hospital, Charlie's waiting to find out
0:12:42 > 0:12:44whether he'll need that operation or not.
0:12:44 > 0:12:47Enter bone specialist Dr Jason Chan.
0:12:49 > 0:12:53He's been looking at the X-rays and has some news.
0:12:53 > 0:12:54Now, looking the fracture,
0:12:54 > 0:12:57- I think he's going to need an operation.- Right.- OK?
0:12:57 > 0:13:00It might not be the news you wanted, Charlie,
0:13:00 > 0:13:02but this is the best plan to get that arm fixed.
0:13:02 > 0:13:05What we'll do is, once he's asleep under general anaesthetic,
0:13:05 > 0:13:07we will manipulate the fracture
0:13:07 > 0:13:09to get the bones back into the right position
0:13:09 > 0:13:13and then we'll have to hold them together with a couple of wires.
0:13:13 > 0:13:15So, theatre here we come.
0:13:15 > 0:13:19With Charlie fast asleep, the surgical team use a live X-ray image
0:13:19 > 0:13:21to help them realign his elbow into position.
0:13:23 > 0:13:26Strapped up to keep it in place, Charlie's arm is now ready
0:13:26 > 0:13:27for those wires.
0:13:31 > 0:13:34This might be hard to watch, but Charlie can't feel a thing,
0:13:34 > 0:13:38and without the wires, the bones wouldn't set in the right position.
0:13:39 > 0:13:42With it all in place, it's time for some temporary plaster.
0:13:42 > 0:13:44Let's wrap him up.
0:13:44 > 0:13:46Operation over, Charlie will be going home,
0:13:46 > 0:13:48but he'll have to come back in a week's time
0:13:48 > 0:13:50to make sure everything is setting correctly.
0:13:57 > 0:14:01One week later, and Charlie's back for his checkup.
0:14:01 > 0:14:02It's been three weeks...
0:14:02 > 0:14:03What?
0:14:03 > 0:14:07- It's been a week.- Three
0:14:07 > 0:14:09- You done it last week.- Oh!
0:14:09 > 0:14:12It's been a week, but never mind.
0:14:12 > 0:14:16It's off to X-ray, so Dr Chan can see how that elbow's healing.
0:14:16 > 0:14:19- They look fine. - Thank God.
0:14:19 > 0:14:21It's good news for Charlie.
0:14:21 > 0:14:23Well, I'm happy with the position of the fracture.
0:14:23 > 0:14:25The wires are doing their job
0:14:25 > 0:14:27and the fracture's in a good position at the moment.
0:14:27 > 0:14:31The wires will be taken out in a few weeks' time, but now Dr Chan
0:14:31 > 0:14:34gives Charlie the best news ever - his dream news, in fact.
0:14:34 > 0:14:37We'll have to put you into another plaster, OK?
0:14:37 > 0:14:39So don't I get a full cast?
0:14:39 > 0:14:41- Full cast today. - Oh, yeah!
0:14:41 > 0:14:43High five, Doc. Come on, don't be shy.
0:14:45 > 0:14:48Time to give that old cast the elbow.
0:14:48 > 0:14:51And replace it with a brand spanking new one.
0:14:52 > 0:14:55- You're enjoying this, aren't you? - Yeah.
0:14:55 > 0:14:57This is what Charlie wanted.
0:14:57 > 0:14:59Go on, give us a big wave.
0:14:59 > 0:15:01Well, that'll have to do.
0:15:01 > 0:15:02And there we are, all done.
0:15:02 > 0:15:05A full plaster cast with matching pink sling,
0:15:05 > 0:15:08it's what all the best dressed boys are wearing this year. Very stylish.
0:15:08 > 0:15:11It certainly is a dream come true.
0:15:14 > 0:15:17We've got loads of amazing body tricks to show you.
0:15:17 > 0:15:19Want to find out how to stop your friends
0:15:19 > 0:15:21from simply lifting a finger?
0:15:21 > 0:15:23We're going to show you how.
0:15:23 > 0:15:26Xand, I want you to put your hand on the table
0:15:26 > 0:15:28and then I want you to leave that finger out.
0:15:28 > 0:15:30Leave that one out...
0:15:30 > 0:15:33If you can lift this penny without taking your hand off the table,
0:15:33 > 0:15:37- just using that finger, you can keep it.- Ooh!
0:15:37 > 0:15:42- Now, I'll place this very light, normal penny on your finger.- Easy.
0:15:42 > 0:15:44And we're going to do a big countdown. Ready?
0:15:44 > 0:15:47Three, two, one - lift!
0:15:49 > 0:15:52Come on. That is pathetic.
0:15:52 > 0:15:54Who thinks Xand's pathetic?
0:15:54 > 0:15:55Now who thinks they could do it?
0:15:55 > 0:15:59Well, let's see then, shall we? Time for everyone to have a go.
0:15:59 > 0:16:03OK, so, in three, two, one - lift!
0:16:05 > 0:16:08Come on, guys, come on, lift it!
0:16:12 > 0:16:14None of them can do it.
0:16:14 > 0:16:16So, how does it work, then?
0:16:16 > 0:16:19Your little finger and your first finger have their own muscles,
0:16:19 > 0:16:23but the middle ones have a muscle that controls all of them
0:16:23 > 0:16:25so you can't move them separately.
0:16:25 > 0:16:29The muscle you need to move the penny with is busy
0:16:29 > 0:16:30keeping the middle finger bent,
0:16:30 > 0:16:35and it can't do two things at once, making the penny finger useless.
0:16:40 > 0:16:44Now, we're hitting the hospitals to show you what goes on.
0:16:44 > 0:16:47Today, I'm meeting a special surgeon.
0:16:47 > 0:16:49I'm in this operating theatre
0:16:49 > 0:16:51with one of the best surgeons in the world.
0:16:51 > 0:16:53He's done hundreds of operations,
0:16:53 > 0:16:56he's seven years old and he's got four arms.
0:16:56 > 0:16:59No, it's not a genetically engineered child mutant surgeon,
0:16:59 > 0:17:00it's a robot.
0:17:00 > 0:17:02What made you want to become a surgeon?
0:17:04 > 0:17:06Interesting.
0:17:08 > 0:17:12We're at Leeds General Hospital and this robot - yes, robot -
0:17:12 > 0:17:13is going to perform surgery.
0:17:13 > 0:17:16And we've been allowed special access to show you how it works.
0:17:19 > 0:17:21And this is the surgeon that will operate the robot,
0:17:21 > 0:17:23Dr Azad Najmaldin.
0:17:25 > 0:17:27On the operating table is two-year-old Thomas,
0:17:27 > 0:17:29and he needs an operation on his stomach.
0:17:29 > 0:17:31And Dr Azad's decided to use the robot
0:17:31 > 0:17:34because the robot arms can be put through small incisions
0:17:34 > 0:17:38rather than making a big incision on the tummy.
0:17:40 > 0:17:43That means when Thomas wakes up he'll only have a few tiny scars
0:17:43 > 0:17:45instead of a big one.
0:17:45 > 0:17:47But before the robot can start operating,
0:17:47 > 0:17:49there's a lot of preparation to do.
0:17:49 > 0:17:53Just like surgeons get dressed in sterile clothing for operations,
0:17:53 > 0:17:54so does the robot.
0:17:54 > 0:17:56The team need to put the camera and robotic hands
0:17:56 > 0:18:01inside Thomas' tummy and then Dr Azad can drive the robot.
0:18:01 > 0:18:04It looks completely terrifying, but this is actually very safe.
0:18:04 > 0:18:08The business end of the robot is that single pair of fingers
0:18:08 > 0:18:10that do this, and rotate.
0:18:11 > 0:18:13Now, these very delicate movements
0:18:13 > 0:18:16can take place at the tips of those arms.
0:18:18 > 0:18:20And so our robot gets to work,
0:18:20 > 0:18:23with Dr Azad on the other side of the room.
0:18:23 > 0:18:26It might look like a computer game, but when it's controlled
0:18:26 > 0:18:28by a highly skilled expert like Dr Azad,
0:18:28 > 0:18:31it can make intricate surgical movements.
0:18:31 > 0:18:35What the robot does is it takes the big movements of the human hands
0:18:35 > 0:18:39and it shrinks them down and it gives Dr Azad tiny robot hands
0:18:39 > 0:18:40inside the patient's body.
0:18:41 > 0:18:43And there's not need for him to be in the room,
0:18:43 > 0:18:45or even in the country.
0:18:45 > 0:18:48So, he could be anywhere in the world,
0:18:48 > 0:18:49operating on a patient in Leeds.
0:18:49 > 0:18:53Thomas' surgery has gone well, so he's off back to the ward.
0:18:54 > 0:18:55And now it's my turn.
0:18:55 > 0:18:56I've never used this before
0:18:56 > 0:19:00and I've got a massive challenge, to skin a grape.
0:19:00 > 0:19:02I'm trying to cut the skin on the grape...
0:19:03 > 0:19:06Move down vertically like this.
0:19:06 > 0:19:08Surprisingly straightforward.
0:19:10 > 0:19:13I just don't know why everyone doesn't peel grapes like this.
0:19:13 > 0:19:15What do you think, Dr Azad?
0:19:15 > 0:19:20Considering that this is his first encounter he's doing pretty...
0:19:20 > 0:19:21Pretty well.
0:19:21 > 0:19:24Obviously, for the grape we're using a local anaesthetic,
0:19:24 > 0:19:27not a general anaesthetic, it's much safer, it's a minor operation.
0:19:27 > 0:19:30MACHINE BEEPS
0:19:30 > 0:19:32Yes, this is very cool.
0:19:33 > 0:19:36This isn't just the world's most expensive grape peeler.
0:19:36 > 0:19:40Even with 15 minutes' practise, I can see the enormous benefits
0:19:40 > 0:19:42that that will have for patients.
0:19:42 > 0:19:44This is definitely the future of surgery.
0:19:48 > 0:19:50What's the largest organ in your body?
0:19:52 > 0:19:54Is it A, your heart,
0:19:54 > 0:19:57B, your lungs or C, your skin?
0:19:57 > 0:19:59The answer is C, your skin.
0:19:59 > 0:20:03And when you're cold, it gets covered in goose bumps, but why?
0:20:03 > 0:20:06Sounds like a case for... Investigation Ouch.
0:20:08 > 0:20:12Behind this glass it's colder than the freezer in your kitchen,
0:20:12 > 0:20:14it's actually colder than the North Pole.
0:20:14 > 0:20:18In fact, it's colder in here than the coldest place on earth.
0:20:18 > 0:20:19That's Antarctica.
0:20:19 > 0:20:25This is called a cryogenic chamber and I'm about to get inside.
0:20:25 > 0:20:28That actually sounds like a terrible idea.
0:20:31 > 0:20:34A cryogenic chamber is a freezing-cold room used to treat
0:20:34 > 0:20:38common health conditions and help top athletes recover from injury,
0:20:38 > 0:20:40helping to repair their muscles.
0:20:41 > 0:20:43But today I'm using it to find out
0:20:43 > 0:20:46how our bodies react in extreme cold.
0:20:46 > 0:20:48That room is minus 60 degrees,
0:20:48 > 0:20:52and the room behind me is minus 135 degrees.
0:20:52 > 0:20:57That's five times colder than the coldest day ever recorded in the UK.
0:20:57 > 0:20:59- What's it going to feel like? - Chilly.
0:20:59 > 0:21:02LAUGHTER
0:21:02 > 0:21:06This is Renata Zejer, and she'll be monitoring me to keep me safe
0:21:06 > 0:21:08when I'm in the cryogenic chamber.
0:21:08 > 0:21:10So, clearly I'll need a very warm coat to go in there.
0:21:10 > 0:21:14No. Just very, very small clothes, not very warm clothes.
0:21:14 > 0:21:17- This is it? This is all I get? - This is only that.
0:21:17 > 0:21:19Perfect. What do I mean perfect?
0:21:19 > 0:21:22This doesn't look like nearly enough clothes!
0:21:22 > 0:21:26I might be cold, but at least I'm going to look stylish.
0:21:26 > 0:21:32Headband, vest, shorts, two pairs of socks, clogs, facemask, gloves.
0:21:32 > 0:21:35I told you I'd be looking good.
0:21:35 > 0:21:37So, I've got James with me, filming.
0:21:37 > 0:21:39James can't come in with that camera,
0:21:39 > 0:21:41so I've got a special camera with me
0:21:41 > 0:21:44which I can take in there, so I'm not going alone.
0:21:44 > 0:21:45You're coming with me.
0:21:45 > 0:21:46Here we go.
0:21:46 > 0:21:49And it'll be so cold in there that I need the facemask to
0:21:49 > 0:21:52stop my snot and saliva from freezing.
0:21:52 > 0:21:54MUSIC: "Cold As Ice" by M.O.P.
0:21:54 > 0:21:57Whoa! Ah, ah...
0:21:57 > 0:22:00OK, it's very...
0:22:00 > 0:22:03It is very cold, but it's quite manageable
0:22:03 > 0:22:07because it's very dry, it's almost sort of foggy in here.
0:22:07 > 0:22:08So, the room I'm in at the moment
0:22:08 > 0:22:11is as cold as the coldest temperature ever recorded on earth.
0:22:11 > 0:22:15But this room is just preparing my body for the next room
0:22:15 > 0:22:17which is twice as cold.
0:22:17 > 0:22:19Minus 135, here I come.
0:22:19 > 0:22:21Whoa!
0:22:21 > 0:22:22OK...
0:22:22 > 0:22:26It's so cold in here that I can only stay in for three minutes,
0:22:26 > 0:22:30and Renata will be monitoring me the whole time, to make sure I'm safe.
0:22:30 > 0:22:33It's very hard to describe quite how cold this is.
0:22:33 > 0:22:37The closer I get to the floor... Ugh, uh, uh...
0:22:37 > 0:22:40This is now very, very, very cold.
0:22:40 > 0:22:42It's very hard to THINK, it's so cold, actually.
0:22:42 > 0:22:46The shock to my body is making it hard to control my breathing.
0:22:46 > 0:22:48I'm getting goose bumps all over my arm
0:22:48 > 0:22:53and you can see every single hair on my arm is standing straight up.
0:22:53 > 0:22:56And the reason that's happening is that my body is trying
0:22:56 > 0:23:02to trap a layer of air very close to my skin and, er,
0:23:02 > 0:23:04I'm shaking a lot.
0:23:04 > 0:23:07Shivering like this is my body getting my muscles moving
0:23:07 > 0:23:10to generate heat and keep me warm.
0:23:10 > 0:23:13As my hand gets cold you can see all the blood goes out of my skin,
0:23:13 > 0:23:17and now my fingertips are going absolutely white.
0:23:17 > 0:23:19Very, very cold, indeed.
0:23:19 > 0:23:23That's because as my body gets colder, it's making a choice.
0:23:23 > 0:23:24It's taking the blood away
0:23:24 > 0:23:27from the parts of my body it can do without, like my fingers and toes,
0:23:27 > 0:23:30and pulling it into the centre of my body
0:23:30 > 0:23:33to keep vital organs like my heart and brain alive.
0:23:34 > 0:23:36I'm now coming up to almost three minutes.
0:23:36 > 0:23:39I'll be very pleased to come out.
0:23:39 > 0:23:41TIMER BEEPS
0:23:41 > 0:23:44Whuhh! Augh.
0:23:44 > 0:23:50Ha ha, that's so much better, this is like walking into an oven.
0:23:50 > 0:23:53But when you're cold, you get goose bumps
0:23:53 > 0:23:55and that's your skin trying to trap a layer of warm air
0:23:55 > 0:23:56around your body.
0:23:56 > 0:23:59So, what you can see from that is how important your skin is
0:23:59 > 0:24:01in regulating your body temperature
0:24:01 > 0:24:05And when you get extremely cold, your body starts making choices
0:24:05 > 0:24:08about what it wants to keep going.
0:24:08 > 0:24:11Very, very, very quickly my body takes the warm blood from my skin,
0:24:11 > 0:24:14brings it in to the middle of my body to keep my organs warm,
0:24:14 > 0:24:15my brain going, all of these things.
0:24:15 > 0:24:20When I come out into the warm, my body immediately releases that blood
0:24:20 > 0:24:21and you can see it all going to my skin.
0:24:21 > 0:24:25And there's a very good reason why our bodies react like this
0:24:25 > 0:24:26in the cold.
0:24:26 > 0:24:28If my core body temperature, that's the temperature
0:24:28 > 0:24:30in the middle of my body, had dropped by even four degrees,
0:24:30 > 0:24:32it could have been fatal.
0:24:32 > 0:24:36What's so interesting about being in a room that cold
0:24:36 > 0:24:39is that you can see all the incredible things your body does
0:24:39 > 0:24:42to keep you at exactly the right temperature.
0:24:45 > 0:24:47In the Accident and Emergency department,
0:24:47 > 0:24:49the team are ready for their next case.
0:24:49 > 0:24:50Let's meet him.
0:24:52 > 0:24:55At the Royal Manchester Children's hospital, six-year-old Hassan
0:24:55 > 0:25:00is in Accident and Emergency with a problem. What is it, Hassan?
0:25:00 > 0:25:02Hassan, can you hear me? What's the problem?
0:25:02 > 0:25:06- There's a stone stuck in this ear. - Pardon?
0:25:06 > 0:25:10- He said he has a stone stuck in his...- I know, I'm joking.
0:25:10 > 0:25:12And the stone is in your ear because...?
0:25:12 > 0:25:17I popped it in my ear because it was too noisy in PE.
0:25:17 > 0:25:18So, how did it happen?
0:25:18 > 0:25:23- Hassan was in PE class.- That'll be why people are running, then.
0:25:23 > 0:25:24And swimming.
0:25:24 > 0:25:26Well, it is a PE class.
0:25:26 > 0:25:28Hassan doesn't look very happy though, does he?
0:25:28 > 0:25:31That's because it was really noisy, far too noisy, in fact.
0:25:31 > 0:25:34And the louder it got, the more fed up he became.
0:25:34 > 0:25:37I'm not surprised, with all those aeroplanes.
0:25:37 > 0:25:38He'd just about had enough,
0:25:38 > 0:25:42- when he looked down and... - Saw some earmuffs?
0:25:42 > 0:25:44No. When he had a brilliant idea.
0:25:44 > 0:25:47He picked up a stone and put it in his ear.
0:25:47 > 0:25:48Job done.
0:25:48 > 0:25:52- No more noise. - Only it wouldn't come out, of course.
0:25:52 > 0:25:54Not the best idea you've ever had, Hassan.
0:25:54 > 0:25:55SIREN
0:25:55 > 0:25:59I told the teacher that the stone got stuck,
0:25:59 > 0:26:01but she couldn't get it out.
0:26:03 > 0:26:06Time for an expert, I'd say. Enter Dr Shila Begum.
0:26:06 > 0:26:09She'll help our Hassan out.
0:26:09 > 0:26:10How big was the stone?
0:26:10 > 0:26:13Er, just small.
0:26:13 > 0:26:16Just a small one? OK, and which ear is it in?
0:26:16 > 0:26:18- This one.- The right one.
0:26:18 > 0:26:20Oh, OK, or the left one?
0:26:20 > 0:26:22Hang on a minute, we seem to have a bit of confusion.
0:26:22 > 0:26:24It's in this one!
0:26:25 > 0:26:28Never mind, Dr Shila will work out where it is.
0:26:29 > 0:26:31Yep, I can see the stone.
0:26:31 > 0:26:33- Looks like Mum was right. - They always are, Chris.
0:26:33 > 0:26:36What I can see is a small, black stone,
0:26:36 > 0:26:39approximately five millimetres in the external ear canal.
0:26:41 > 0:26:44Now, if you're wondering where that stone has gone,
0:26:44 > 0:26:46your ear has three different parts.
0:26:46 > 0:26:52There's the inner, middle and outer ear, connected by the ear canal.
0:26:52 > 0:26:54And that's where Hassan's stone is stuck.
0:26:55 > 0:26:58I'm going to try and take it out, OK, it shouldn't hurt.
0:26:58 > 0:27:00- Is that all right? - OK.
0:27:00 > 0:27:04Hassan lies as still as, well, a stone,
0:27:04 > 0:27:07as Dr Shila uses a special medical instrument
0:27:07 > 0:27:11to carefully retrieve the stone so that it doesn't cause infection.
0:27:11 > 0:27:13Hooray!
0:27:13 > 0:27:15And there we go. A blink of an eye and it's out.
0:27:15 > 0:27:18I'm quite happy with his ear,
0:27:18 > 0:27:20looking at it after taking the stone out.
0:27:20 > 0:27:22I can hear better now.
0:27:22 > 0:27:24No surprises there, then.
0:27:24 > 0:27:27Maybe earplugs are a better bet in future, eh?
0:27:27 > 0:27:28Next time...
0:27:28 > 0:27:32There's more exclusive behind-the-scenes emergency access.
0:27:33 > 0:27:37We get some shut eye, to find out what our bodies do when we're asleep.
0:27:37 > 0:27:42Chris takes to the skies to show you why motion can make you feel sick.
0:27:42 > 0:27:44Oh, wow, I have no idea what's going on...
0:27:44 > 0:27:49And this man reveals an amazing talent, so see you next time on...
0:27:49 > 0:27:51BOTH: Operation Ouch!
0:27:56 > 0:28:00Subtitles by Red Bee Media Ltd