0:00:24 > 0:00:28- He's Dr Chris.- And he's Dr Xand.
0:00:28 > 0:00:31Yup, we're twins.
0:00:31 > 0:00:34The human body is amazing. We're going to prove it.
0:00:35 > 0:00:38We'll push our bodies to extremes...
0:00:40 > 0:00:43..show how the strangest of injuries get fixed...
0:00:43 > 0:00:44I've got a poorly finger.
0:00:44 > 0:00:48..uncover the secrets behind the most amazing bodies...
0:00:49 > 0:00:51..and experiment on each other...
0:00:52 > 0:00:54..to show you how your body works.
0:00:56 > 0:01:00BOTH: Coming up today on Operation Ouch!
0:01:00 > 0:01:03I go on call with paramedics to help save lives.
0:01:03 > 0:01:07Find out what's amazing about this man's body.
0:01:07 > 0:01:10And we take a trip up Chris's nose and down his throat,
0:01:10 > 0:01:13to see how our voices work.
0:01:13 > 0:01:15- You sound ridiculous. - Well done, Squeaky!
0:01:16 > 0:01:17But first...
0:01:17 > 0:01:20In the UK, over five million people
0:01:20 > 0:01:23have to visit the emergency department every year.
0:01:23 > 0:01:26But some cases are more complicated than others.
0:01:28 > 0:01:30In Liverpool, nine-year-old Claudia has come into
0:01:30 > 0:01:33Accident and Emergency looking...
0:01:33 > 0:01:36I think the technical term is "fed up". So what's wrong, Claudia?
0:01:36 > 0:01:39- Every time I eat...- Yes...
0:01:39 > 0:01:42..after like, 15 minutes after,
0:01:42 > 0:01:45my tummy starts going funny.
0:01:45 > 0:01:49It's been sore there...
0:01:49 > 0:01:50So when did the pain start?
0:01:50 > 0:01:55After my lunch today. I started feeling the pain in my tummy.
0:01:55 > 0:01:58Let's stop you there and get the full story.
0:01:58 > 0:02:02The last few days, whenever Claudia eats, she ends up with tummy pain.
0:02:02 > 0:02:06- She'll happily tuck into something...- Like burger and chips?
0:02:06 > 0:02:09Yes. And the food happily makes its way down to her stomach.
0:02:09 > 0:02:11That's the weird contraption there.
0:02:11 > 0:02:15Right. But even though she's enjoyed it - see, she looks happy -
0:02:15 > 0:02:1815 minutes later, sharp pains erupt in her tummy.
0:02:19 > 0:02:21Ouch!
0:02:21 > 0:02:23And I couldn't walk last night, cos it was
0:02:23 > 0:02:25sore, and painful.
0:02:26 > 0:02:28Meet Dr Sarah Pyper.
0:02:28 > 0:02:29Let's get solving this mystery.
0:02:29 > 0:02:32Time to examine the evidence.
0:02:32 > 0:02:36- Can you show me where your tummy's sore?- There.
0:02:36 > 0:02:38Dr Sarah tests for tummy tenderness,
0:02:38 > 0:02:41because Claudia's family have a history of stomach problems.
0:02:41 > 0:02:43That could be a clue.
0:02:43 > 0:02:45It's probably a bit of a viral infection.
0:02:45 > 0:02:48- I think a virus is definitely a suspect, don't you?- Yes.
0:02:48 > 0:02:51But we may need to rule out a few other things first.
0:02:51 > 0:02:53She's pointing more to the liver area,
0:02:53 > 0:02:56which is where your gall bladder is.
0:02:56 > 0:02:57Especially when it's after meals -
0:02:57 > 0:03:00is it something to do with the gall bladder?
0:03:00 > 0:03:05- So the gall bladder is a potential suspect too.- Mmm. It's possible.
0:03:05 > 0:03:08This is the gall bladder. A small organ next to our stomach
0:03:08 > 0:03:12that helps digest the fat in our food.
0:03:12 > 0:03:15Sometimes, if there's too much fat in the gall bladder,
0:03:15 > 0:03:18pebble-like deposits called gall stones can build up,
0:03:18 > 0:03:20causing pain after eating.
0:03:20 > 0:03:22And this is what Claudia may have.
0:03:22 > 0:03:24My concern is, is this a gall bladder problem?
0:03:24 > 0:03:28It's a very rare problem in children, but she's got
0:03:28 > 0:03:31a family history, so we're just doing some tests to make sure.
0:03:31 > 0:03:34Yes, we need to get to the bottom of this.
0:03:34 > 0:03:37- Claudia's having some blood tests. - Just a little pin prick...
0:03:37 > 0:03:40And she'll be going for a special scan,
0:03:40 > 0:03:42that will hopefully let us get this mystery solved.
0:03:42 > 0:03:45We'll be back later to see if we get to the bottom
0:03:45 > 0:03:47of Claudia's tummy troubles.
0:03:53 > 0:03:56And now to our lab, where we're putting our bodies to the test,
0:03:56 > 0:03:58to show you how your body works.
0:04:00 > 0:04:02Just don't try any of this at home!
0:04:02 > 0:04:04Today, we're looking at the voice.
0:04:04 > 0:04:08When you're young, your vocal cords are short and thin,
0:04:08 > 0:04:09so your voice is high-pitched.
0:04:09 > 0:04:11HIGH-PITCHED TWANG
0:04:11 > 0:04:14When you get older, they get longer and thicker,
0:04:14 > 0:04:15so your voice gets deeper.
0:04:15 > 0:04:17DEEPER TWANG
0:04:17 > 0:04:19(But when you whisper,
0:04:19 > 0:04:22- (you don't vibrate your vocal cords at all.)- Sssh!
0:04:23 > 0:04:26But what do vocal cords look like, and how do they work?
0:04:26 > 0:04:30Well, this nifty medical gadget is going to show you.
0:04:30 > 0:04:32This is a nasendoscope. It's a very small camera,
0:04:32 > 0:04:35that I'm going to put up my nose and look at my vocal cords.
0:04:40 > 0:04:42The best way for doctors like us
0:04:42 > 0:04:44to access the vocal cords is through the nose,
0:04:44 > 0:04:46because if the camera went via the mouth
0:04:46 > 0:04:50the patient would start to gag and feel sick.
0:04:50 > 0:04:53So feel your throat - you'll feel a hard gristly bit at the front,
0:04:53 > 0:04:55that's your voice box or your larynx.
0:04:55 > 0:04:57That's where your vocal cords sit.
0:04:57 > 0:05:01I can see the camera really well at the back of your mouth.
0:05:01 > 0:05:04It is like there's a little spaceship exploring the inside of your mouth.
0:05:04 > 0:05:08Chris's tongue looks a bit alien too! But let's keep going.
0:05:08 > 0:05:10Now put it down to the back of your throat,
0:05:10 > 0:05:12and show us your vocal cords.
0:05:12 > 0:05:15OK, so we're going past the back of Chris's...
0:05:15 > 0:05:17Oh, that's really good - there!
0:05:17 > 0:05:20What we can see now is Chris's vocal cords.
0:05:20 > 0:05:24They look like flaps or webs going across his windpipe.
0:05:24 > 0:05:27What happens is, as your lungs force air up your windpipe,
0:05:27 > 0:05:32these flaps start to vibrate, and it's the vibration that causes noise.
0:05:32 > 0:05:34So let's see them in action.
0:05:34 > 0:05:37So Chris, can you hum a high note? HE HUMS A HIGH NOTE
0:05:40 > 0:05:42Now hum a low note...
0:05:42 > 0:05:44HE HUMS A LOW NOTE
0:05:45 > 0:05:47So when Chris hums a high note,
0:05:47 > 0:05:49what you see is the vocal cords tightening.
0:05:49 > 0:05:51That means they vibrate faster and make a higher note.
0:05:51 > 0:05:55When he hums a low note, the vocal cords relax, they're much floppier,
0:05:55 > 0:05:58they vibrate more slowly and you get a lower note.
0:05:58 > 0:06:01Have a go at feeling the vibrations of your own vocal cords,
0:06:01 > 0:06:05by putting your fingers on the front of your throat, and humming a note.
0:06:05 > 0:06:09So - we've shown how the sound of your voice changes
0:06:09 > 0:06:12depending on the speed your vocal cords are vibrating.
0:06:12 > 0:06:15Now we're going to try breathing in two different gases that will
0:06:15 > 0:06:18change the speed at which our vocal cords vibrate,
0:06:18 > 0:06:21and show you the effect it has on our voices.
0:06:21 > 0:06:23This gas is lighter than air.
0:06:23 > 0:06:27This will make it easier for my vocal cords to move,
0:06:27 > 0:06:29meaning they'll vibrate faster.
0:06:29 > 0:06:32So will my voice sound different?
0:06:32 > 0:06:34SQUEAKY VOICE: My voice does sound different.
0:06:34 > 0:06:37And that's because this gas is thinner or less dense.
0:06:37 > 0:06:40So it allows my vocal cords to vibrate more quickly,
0:06:40 > 0:06:41and that makes the pitch higher.
0:06:41 > 0:06:43Chris's gas is thicker than air,
0:06:43 > 0:06:47so it'll be harder for his vocal cords to move,
0:06:47 > 0:06:49meaning they'll vibrate slower.
0:06:49 > 0:06:52- DEEP VOICE:- This gas is thicker or denser than air.
0:06:52 > 0:06:55And that means my vocal cords can't vibrate as easily.
0:06:55 > 0:06:57Which is why my voice sounds deeper.
0:06:57 > 0:07:00You sound ridiculous.
0:07:00 > 0:07:02Well done, Squeaky!
0:07:04 > 0:07:07The vocal cords work by vibrating, and the sound that we make
0:07:07 > 0:07:11when we talk is all down to the speed they're moving.
0:07:11 > 0:07:14The faster they go, the higher pitched sound we make.
0:07:14 > 0:07:17And the slower they go, the lower our voices become.
0:07:20 > 0:07:22If you're in need of medical help fast...
0:07:22 > 0:07:25..there are teams of paramedics near you ready to assist.
0:07:25 > 0:07:28We're going on call with the UK's emergency services,
0:07:28 > 0:07:32heading out on the front line to help save lives.
0:07:32 > 0:07:35And today, you're coming on call with me, to see what it's like to be
0:07:35 > 0:07:38one of the first at the scene of an emergency.
0:07:40 > 0:07:44This fast medical service is on standby 24 hours a day,
0:07:44 > 0:07:47ready to help you in an emergency.
0:07:47 > 0:07:50On call with me today is paramedic Kat Ellis.
0:07:52 > 0:07:54We've got a 999 call to see a lady who's fallen.
0:07:54 > 0:07:56The way she's called us
0:07:56 > 0:07:58is she's pushed a button that she keeps around her neck,
0:07:58 > 0:08:00and that summons the emergency services.
0:08:00 > 0:08:03So it could be anything. We've got to get there quick and look after her.
0:08:03 > 0:08:05Kat, what sort of things are you thinking about
0:08:05 > 0:08:08when you're on the way to see someone who's fallen?
0:08:08 > 0:08:10Have they got any obvious injuries, any serious pain anywhere?
0:08:10 > 0:08:13The most important thing is that they're awake,
0:08:13 > 0:08:16they're talking to us, they haven't hurt their neck or their back.
0:08:16 > 0:08:20So what Kat's very good at doing is making decisions quickly
0:08:20 > 0:08:23about what needs to be done based on not very much information.
0:08:23 > 0:08:26I've got James with me filming. How are you doing, James?
0:08:26 > 0:08:29And then I've got a camera as well so I can get you right in close
0:08:29 > 0:08:31and see what's going on.
0:08:31 > 0:08:32'It's 9:30 in the morning
0:08:32 > 0:08:35'when we arrive at the house to find our patient -
0:08:35 > 0:08:40'a lady called Kathleen, who is in a lot of pain after a fall.'
0:08:40 > 0:08:42Hello there. What's happened, Kath?
0:08:42 > 0:08:45I don't know, I just come in, and I went flying.
0:08:45 > 0:08:47- OK.- Must have been over the step.
0:08:47 > 0:08:50Just stay still for a second and I'll have a feel of your neck.
0:08:50 > 0:08:54What Kat's doing now is examining her back.
0:08:54 > 0:08:56There are lots of other things she needs to do,
0:08:56 > 0:08:59but the most important thing is to check if she's got a back injury.
0:08:59 > 0:09:01That's potentially very serious.
0:09:01 > 0:09:02You said you've got some pain?
0:09:02 > 0:09:07- Is it here that it hurts, the top of your bottom?- Yeah.
0:09:07 > 0:09:12- Your pelvis is quite fragile. How old are you?- 86.
0:09:12 > 0:09:14Bones can break quite easily when you're 86.
0:09:14 > 0:09:17It might be worth sending you to hospital for an X-ray,
0:09:17 > 0:09:20to make sure you haven't damaged your pelvis or your hips at all.
0:09:20 > 0:09:23'It's possible Kathleen has broken her hip -
0:09:23 > 0:09:25'a common injury for elderly people.'
0:09:25 > 0:09:28Before the ambulance arrives, we need to get her more comfortable.
0:09:28 > 0:09:30We're using gas and air to do that.
0:09:30 > 0:09:33You're doing a really nice job there. That's good.
0:09:34 > 0:09:37'The ambulance arrives to take Kathleen to hospital,
0:09:37 > 0:09:41'and this is a nifty bit of kit called a scoop
0:09:41 > 0:09:44'which helps lift her off the floor as painlessly as possible.'
0:09:44 > 0:09:45What Kat is now finally able to do
0:09:45 > 0:09:48is have a feel of the actual hip bones themselves.
0:09:48 > 0:09:50What do you think now, Kat?
0:09:50 > 0:09:52It's quite swollen around the joint itself.
0:09:52 > 0:09:55There's possibly a fracture in the hip joint.
0:09:55 > 0:09:58'The medical team take Kathleen off in the ambulance
0:09:58 > 0:10:00'to get her hip checked out.'
0:10:00 > 0:10:02Because of the emergency response button,
0:10:02 > 0:10:06because Kat the paramedic was able to get us there really quickly,
0:10:06 > 0:10:08we're likely to see a really good result from this.
0:10:08 > 0:10:11With hundreds of rapid response crews like this across the UK,
0:10:11 > 0:10:14it means that if you have an accident
0:10:14 > 0:10:17medical care can be with you in minutes.
0:10:19 > 0:10:23- Still to come...- Find out why we're staring at this picture.
0:10:23 > 0:10:27We go on duty in a busy Accident and Emergency department.
0:10:27 > 0:10:31And I take a scary ride, to see how our bodies cope with fear.
0:10:39 > 0:10:42- Really? That's amazing.- So's this...
0:10:42 > 0:10:46An ordinary town, with ordinary people.
0:10:46 > 0:10:47Hang on, who's that?
0:10:47 > 0:10:50- He's a superhero, Xand.- Wow!
0:10:50 > 0:10:53What's his special power? Wait, let me guess.
0:10:54 > 0:10:57- Legwarmers... Is it ballet?- No, Xand.
0:10:58 > 0:11:01- Ah. A mat. It's yoga.- Not exactly.
0:11:01 > 0:11:05Don't worry, you're about to find out
0:11:05 > 0:11:07why this man has an amazing body.
0:11:07 > 0:11:11- Oh, I get it. He's an amazingly bad dancer!- Wait for it...
0:11:11 > 0:11:13PARRP!
0:11:13 > 0:11:15Did he just do what I think he did? He's going to be so embarrassed.
0:11:15 > 0:11:17PARRP!
0:11:17 > 0:11:21Xand, this is Mr Methane, and he's a superb...well, you get the idea.
0:11:21 > 0:11:23PARP-PARRP!
0:11:23 > 0:11:26Trumping is something we all do.
0:11:26 > 0:11:30But Mr Methane has mastered the art of controlling it.
0:11:30 > 0:11:31So he can let one rip...
0:11:31 > 0:11:34- PARRP! - ..as and when he wants to.
0:11:36 > 0:11:39What I'm doing is I'm expanding the sphincter muscle.
0:11:39 > 0:11:41That's a muscle in your bum...
0:11:41 > 0:11:44I'm raising the diaphragm, and that draws air in.
0:11:44 > 0:11:46PARRP!
0:11:46 > 0:11:51And then, I contract the sphincter muscle, and I push it out.
0:11:51 > 0:11:55He first discovered he could do this amazing trick
0:11:55 > 0:11:56when he was 15 years old.
0:11:56 > 0:11:59I have to keep...I suppose you could say, farting fit.
0:11:59 > 0:12:02PRRRRRRPT!!!
0:12:02 > 0:12:04Breaking wind is a release of gas.
0:12:04 > 0:12:07Including, you've guessed it, methane.
0:12:07 > 0:12:09From the air we swallow when we eat,
0:12:09 > 0:12:11and chemical reactions that happen in our guts.
0:12:11 > 0:12:14And their smell depends on what you've eaten...
0:12:14 > 0:12:19cauliflower and meat making some of the stinkiest.
0:12:19 > 0:12:23Obviously, always practise in a well-ventilated room.
0:12:23 > 0:12:25PARP-PARP-PARRP!
0:12:25 > 0:12:27Now, that's amazing!
0:12:27 > 0:12:29PRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRPT!
0:12:32 > 0:12:33HE GASPS
0:12:36 > 0:12:38HE MAKES TRUMPING NOISES
0:12:40 > 0:12:41That is not amazing.
0:12:43 > 0:12:45Let's go back to Accident and Emergency,
0:12:45 > 0:12:47to see how our patient's getting on.
0:12:50 > 0:12:53In Liverpool, detective work is under way on nine-year-old
0:12:53 > 0:12:55Claudia, and her troublesome tummy.
0:12:55 > 0:12:59To sum up our mystery case, Claudia was at school eating lunch...
0:12:59 > 0:13:03Her food was yummy, but after it went into her tummy...
0:13:03 > 0:13:08- That's a crazy contraption.- ..sharp pains erupted in her stomach.
0:13:08 > 0:13:10- Can you show me where your tummy's sore?- There.
0:13:10 > 0:13:13The pains are in the region of the gall bladder,
0:13:13 > 0:13:14an organ near the stomach.
0:13:14 > 0:13:17She was sent for blood tests, which came back clear,
0:13:17 > 0:13:19and now she's back for a scan.
0:13:19 > 0:13:20If you come and lie down on the bed...
0:13:22 > 0:13:24Enter Dr Nik Barnes.
0:13:24 > 0:13:27He's in charge of the next stage of our investigation, the ultrasound.
0:13:27 > 0:13:30- Hi, Claudia, how are you doing? - Fine.
0:13:30 > 0:13:32Great. We're going to do a scan of your tummy.
0:13:32 > 0:13:36This is just a little camera, and we rest it on your skin.
0:13:36 > 0:13:37And we can see inside you.
0:13:39 > 0:13:43An ultrasound scans the body, using sound waves and their echoes.
0:13:43 > 0:13:45Echo...echo...echo...
0:13:45 > 0:13:48This kit helps doctors find their way around our bodies -
0:13:48 > 0:13:50in a similar way that sonar helps submarines
0:13:50 > 0:13:53find their way underwater.
0:13:53 > 0:13:55So, let's see if it can solve our mystery.
0:13:58 > 0:14:01Take a big breath in.
0:14:01 > 0:14:03- And out... - Hello, what have we got here?
0:14:03 > 0:14:07That's what you had for breakfast going around.
0:14:07 > 0:14:10- What do you reckon? Scrambled eggs? - Cornflakes, I'd say.
0:14:10 > 0:14:14You wouldn't recognise it now though if you saw it.
0:14:14 > 0:14:17That's not quite the clue we were looking for. Let's keep searching.
0:14:17 > 0:14:19So this is the bit you're really interested in.
0:14:19 > 0:14:23Here we are - that black sausage shape is our main suspect.
0:14:23 > 0:14:27There's a lovely view of your gall bladder. See it's nice and black?
0:14:27 > 0:14:30If she's got gall stones, they're normally very easy to see -
0:14:30 > 0:14:32a big bright white line with a shadow behind them.
0:14:32 > 0:14:36The gall bladder is looking healthy, which is great news.
0:14:36 > 0:14:40- Your liver looks OK...- And the other organs are looking good too.
0:14:40 > 0:14:43We didn't find any cause for your tummy pain, OK,
0:14:43 > 0:14:44and definitely no gall stones.
0:14:44 > 0:14:47So after a thorough investigation,
0:14:47 > 0:14:49the gall bladder has been cleared of all charges.
0:14:50 > 0:14:53Leaving only one suspect.
0:14:53 > 0:14:55I think it is just a viral infection - the glands
0:14:55 > 0:14:57that you get up in your neck, you're getting in your tummy as well
0:14:57 > 0:15:01and that's what's causing the pain. So it should settle down by itself.
0:15:01 > 0:15:06- OK? All right. - A virus it is. Mystery solved.
0:15:06 > 0:15:09I'm happy, I know what it is. I'm happy, and we can go home.
0:15:09 > 0:15:11Another case closed.
0:15:12 > 0:15:14Bye!
0:15:18 > 0:15:20We've got loads of body tricks to show you.
0:15:21 > 0:15:25Want to try something amazing with your eyes?
0:15:25 > 0:15:27We've got a fantastic optical illusion for you.
0:15:27 > 0:15:29Do you know who this is?
0:15:29 > 0:15:33- Is it supposed to be Justin Bieber? - Yes. Trust me. It's him.
0:15:33 > 0:15:35We've reversed the colours of the picture,
0:15:35 > 0:15:37and we want you to stare at it now.
0:15:39 > 0:15:42You need to keep looking for 30 seconds for it to work.
0:15:42 > 0:15:44You're seeing this picture
0:15:44 > 0:15:48because your eyes send messages to your brain about the image.
0:15:49 > 0:15:50Keep looking...
0:15:50 > 0:15:53But the longer you stare, the more tired your eyes will become,
0:15:53 > 0:15:56and they'll stop sending messages to your brain.
0:15:56 > 0:15:59But your brain remembers what the picture looks like,
0:15:59 > 0:16:01and that's what we're going to prove to you now.
0:16:01 > 0:16:04Keep staring! You mustn't take your eyes off Justin.
0:16:04 > 0:16:07Time's nearly up. In a moment, I'm going to get you to look away,
0:16:07 > 0:16:10and you'll still be able to see him.
0:16:10 > 0:16:12Are you ready to try it?
0:16:12 > 0:16:14Make sure you don't blink...
0:16:14 > 0:16:16And look away now.
0:16:16 > 0:16:17Can you see it?
0:16:17 > 0:16:20If you blink, the image will go.
0:16:20 > 0:16:23This trick works because when you looked away at the wall,
0:16:23 > 0:16:25although your eyes kick-started again, sending new messages
0:16:25 > 0:16:29to your brain, it took your brain a few moments to catch up.
0:16:29 > 0:16:32And that's why you could still see Justin Bieber,
0:16:32 > 0:16:34even though you'd looked away from the picture.
0:16:34 > 0:16:37He really does have very good hair.
0:16:42 > 0:16:45Now we're heading back to Accident and Emergency -
0:16:45 > 0:16:47but this time, we're on duty.
0:16:47 > 0:16:49So far on Operation Ouch!
0:16:49 > 0:16:51we've seen three hand injuries...
0:16:51 > 0:16:52Owww!
0:16:52 > 0:16:54Two head casualties...
0:16:54 > 0:16:57I fell over in the school.
0:16:57 > 0:17:00A locked jaw, a stone in an ear,
0:17:00 > 0:17:01lots of broken bones...
0:17:01 > 0:17:04and a possible toenail up the nose.
0:17:04 > 0:17:06- I sniffed it up.- OK...
0:17:06 > 0:17:07It's all in a day's work
0:17:07 > 0:17:10for the staff in an Accident and Emergency department,
0:17:10 > 0:17:12and Chris and I are going to help the teams
0:17:12 > 0:17:15that deal with over a thousand patients a week.
0:17:15 > 0:17:18We're starting with Xand, who is on duty with nurse
0:17:18 > 0:17:21Nicola Evans, at Alder Hey Hospital in Liverpool.
0:17:21 > 0:17:25First in through the doors is Lexi, who's taken a tumble off her scooter.
0:17:25 > 0:17:29I'm going to shine my light in your eye. Keep looking at my nose.
0:17:29 > 0:17:31Nicky's looking at the functions of all the nerves
0:17:31 > 0:17:33coming out of Lexi's brain,
0:17:33 > 0:17:36and making sure they all still work, because she had a knock on the head.
0:17:36 > 0:17:39Can you follow my light with your eyes?
0:17:39 > 0:17:41They're all working fine.
0:17:41 > 0:17:44That's good news, but before Lexi can go home
0:17:44 > 0:17:46we have to look after the cuts on her face,
0:17:46 > 0:17:48and the best way to get Lexi out of one sticky situation
0:17:48 > 0:17:51is to get her into another one.
0:17:54 > 0:17:56We're just gluing Lexi's nose closed.
0:17:56 > 0:17:58It keeps the cut clean
0:17:58 > 0:18:00and allows it to heal really nicely.
0:18:02 > 0:18:06So Lexi's going to have exactly the same scar as me, just right there.
0:18:06 > 0:18:08Only you got yours from walking into a tea tray!
0:18:08 > 0:18:10Over in Manchester, I'm on duty
0:18:10 > 0:18:12with Professor Simon Carley,
0:18:12 > 0:18:17where a football injury brings James in with a hurt wrist.
0:18:17 > 0:18:19You're not completely straight with that arm.
0:18:19 > 0:18:21We'll take a picture of your wrist,
0:18:21 > 0:18:23because that's where the pain was,
0:18:23 > 0:18:26but also a picture of your elbow. I think the problem's here.
0:18:26 > 0:18:29- Did you think you might have broken something down here?- Yeah.
0:18:29 > 0:18:32Yeah. But actually, he may have transmitted the force
0:18:32 > 0:18:35- up his arm, and broken a bone in the elbow.- Absolutely.
0:18:35 > 0:18:39So - it's an X-ray for James.
0:18:39 > 0:18:41Your elbow doesn't just bend there.
0:18:41 > 0:18:44There's another joint there that lets you turn your wrist like that.
0:18:44 > 0:18:47And that's what we think James has injured.
0:18:47 > 0:18:49And there's a nerve that goes around a bit of that joint,
0:18:49 > 0:18:51then ends up in your hand.
0:18:51 > 0:18:54If you hurt the nerve there, you can get pain in your hand.
0:18:54 > 0:18:57Now it's back to Professor Simon for the verdict.
0:18:57 > 0:19:00There's lots of swelling within the joint,
0:19:00 > 0:19:03and that pretty much always means that there's a fracture in there.
0:19:03 > 0:19:05So this IS a broken elbow.
0:19:05 > 0:19:08And those two bits of bone will just heal back together,
0:19:08 > 0:19:12- they'll grow back together? - Oh, yeah. Particularly at your age.
0:19:12 > 0:19:14So it's a sling for James,
0:19:14 > 0:19:17and now over to Liverpool to see how Xand's getting on.
0:19:17 > 0:19:20There have been lots of cases through the doors here.
0:19:20 > 0:19:24We've treated two sprained ankles, and a broken collarbone.
0:19:24 > 0:19:28Next up, Lily May comes in with an infected ear piercing.
0:19:28 > 0:19:30Pus has gathered behind her ear.
0:19:30 > 0:19:33I think we need to get it out, really.
0:19:33 > 0:19:36Now, Lily, it's going to feel very, very cold...
0:19:36 > 0:19:39Lily's having gas and air and a cold spray to numb her ear.
0:19:39 > 0:19:40Then, it's pus time!
0:19:42 > 0:19:45- Fantastic...- Oh, you're doing a really good job, Lily, that's great.
0:19:45 > 0:19:47She's good, isn't she?
0:19:47 > 0:19:50So this is really satisfying, because we're getting all the pus,
0:19:50 > 0:19:53which is dead bacteria, out of Lily's ear.
0:19:53 > 0:19:55And that means it can all heal.
0:19:55 > 0:19:58Tell you what - on this side, Lily, it's quite exciting.
0:19:58 > 0:20:02- You're very brave. - Can you give me a high five?
0:20:02 > 0:20:03Yay!
0:20:03 > 0:20:08So Lexi, James and Lily have been patched up and sent home.
0:20:08 > 0:20:11All in a day's work for a busy Accident and Emergency department.
0:20:14 > 0:20:17Do you know what happens to your body when you go on a rollercoaster?
0:20:18 > 0:20:21AAAAAAAGH...!
0:20:21 > 0:20:22AAAAAAGH!
0:20:22 > 0:20:25Eurgh...
0:20:25 > 0:20:27Not exactly what I was looking for.
0:20:27 > 0:20:31This is a case for Investigation Ouch!
0:20:32 > 0:20:35Being scared. You might love it, or you might hate it.
0:20:35 > 0:20:37But whichever it is, big changes happen with your body.
0:20:37 > 0:20:39I'm going to show you what those changes are,
0:20:39 > 0:20:43by riding on one of Britain's scariest rollercoasters.
0:20:46 > 0:20:48Rollercoasters are exciting.
0:20:48 > 0:20:51Sometimes we scream, sometimes we puke.
0:20:51 > 0:20:52So why do we keep going on them?
0:20:52 > 0:20:55We've evolved over millions of years,
0:20:55 > 0:20:58to either fight dangerous things or run away from them.
0:20:58 > 0:21:01It's the reward that our brain gives us when we survive something
0:21:01 > 0:21:03that FEELS dangerous, that keeps us coming back for more.
0:21:03 > 0:21:07I'm taking on a terrifying ride at Alton Towers,
0:21:07 > 0:21:10to see how my body deals with fear.
0:21:10 > 0:21:12I'm going to be wearing this sensor, which is going to be
0:21:12 > 0:21:15measuring my heart rate, my heart rhythm, my breathing rate,
0:21:15 > 0:21:18loads of different stuff that is going to be telling me what's
0:21:18 > 0:21:22happening with my body and measuring essentially how frightened I am.
0:21:22 > 0:21:24OK. That's my heart rate there.
0:21:24 > 0:21:25At the moment it's a normal,
0:21:25 > 0:21:28resting heartbeat. Keep an eye on it.
0:21:28 > 0:21:31Let's see what happens when I take on this scary ride.
0:21:37 > 0:21:42Now, very quickly my body has started to feel fear.
0:21:42 > 0:21:44And when you're scared, your heart rate rises.
0:21:44 > 0:21:47Look at my beats per minute. They're going up rapidly.
0:21:47 > 0:21:50That's because my body has started to release adrenaline,
0:21:50 > 0:21:54a hormone that prepares you to deal with a dangerous situation.
0:21:55 > 0:21:59Adrenaline comes from the adrenal glands at the top of your kidneys.
0:21:59 > 0:22:02It tells your liver to release more glucose to your muscles,
0:22:02 > 0:22:05to give them energy, and make sure you're charged up
0:22:05 > 0:22:08and ready to face your fear.
0:22:14 > 0:22:17That was completely terrifying!
0:22:17 > 0:22:19My heart rate's very high.
0:22:19 > 0:22:22But as I finish the ride, it goes up even further.
0:22:22 > 0:22:24Let's find out why.
0:22:24 > 0:22:27As the ride starts, my heart rate remains fairly flat
0:22:27 > 0:22:28because I basically don't think
0:22:28 > 0:22:30rollercoasters are that frightening,
0:22:30 > 0:22:34But the ride is so cleverly designed that I become completely convinced
0:22:34 > 0:22:36my legs are going to be chopped off and I'm going to die.
0:22:36 > 0:22:40That's when my heart rate almost doubles, and I'm totally terrified.
0:22:40 > 0:22:43My body is responding in exactly the same way it would
0:22:43 > 0:22:44if I was being attacked,
0:22:44 > 0:22:46and that is the fear response.
0:22:46 > 0:22:48But here's the thing.
0:22:48 > 0:22:50At the end of the ride, this point here,
0:22:50 > 0:22:53my heart rate goes up another ten beats,
0:22:53 > 0:22:56and that's because I'm so happy I survived the dangerous situation.
0:22:56 > 0:22:59That's the reason we love these scary rides.
0:22:59 > 0:23:01Because once you've survived it,
0:23:01 > 0:23:04you get that feeling of extreme happiness, and a spike
0:23:04 > 0:23:08of adrenaline, and that's what makes your heart go faster at the end.
0:23:08 > 0:23:09So what happens to your body
0:23:09 > 0:23:13when you go through the same scary experience a second time?
0:23:13 > 0:23:15I'm going to go on the ride again.
0:23:15 > 0:23:18So with frightening situations you can either make it worse
0:23:18 > 0:23:20and get more frightened every time it happens,
0:23:20 > 0:23:22you can learn that actually nothing bad is going to happen to me
0:23:22 > 0:23:25on a rollercoaster - I didn't die last time -
0:23:25 > 0:23:28so this time I'm going to control my fear, and be less frightened.
0:23:29 > 0:23:33Here's the beginning bit, where my heart rate previously was normal,
0:23:33 > 0:23:36and this time, it is a bit exciting.
0:23:39 > 0:23:41On this second ride,
0:23:41 > 0:23:44my heart rate isn't jumping up as quickly as the first ride.
0:23:44 > 0:23:46And that's because I know what to expect,
0:23:46 > 0:23:49and therefore, my fear response is not as dramatic.
0:23:49 > 0:23:52Now I've learned that nothing bad happens,
0:23:52 > 0:23:55I can really control that fear all the way through it.
0:23:55 > 0:23:57You can do that with exams, you can do that with films -
0:23:57 > 0:24:00you can just realise that actually very few things are really dangerous
0:24:00 > 0:24:03and you can stop being frightened.
0:24:03 > 0:24:05If you're not frightened, you can keep your head together.
0:24:05 > 0:24:08So during the second ride, my heart rate only goes up to 112,
0:24:08 > 0:24:10during the most exciting bit of the ride,
0:24:10 > 0:24:15and at the end of the ride, I don't get that extra bump in heart rate.
0:24:15 > 0:24:17And I didn't feel that amazing euphoric sense of
0:24:17 > 0:24:19"I've survived something really dangerous,"
0:24:19 > 0:24:21and that's the thing I'm now craving.
0:24:21 > 0:24:23Luckily, there are loads more rides!
0:24:44 > 0:24:46In fact the answer is B.
0:24:46 > 0:24:49The average heart beats around 38 million times a year.
0:24:49 > 0:24:52That's 3,000 million beats in a lifetime!
0:24:55 > 0:24:57In the Accident and Emergency department,
0:24:57 > 0:25:00- the team are ready for their next case.- Let's meet him!
0:25:03 > 0:25:06Heading into hospital with a sore and swollen elbow
0:25:06 > 0:25:09is four-year-old Joseph. Yes, that's you!
0:25:09 > 0:25:13- I fell over.- When he came home, he said he'd fell on his elbow.
0:25:13 > 0:25:16- It was still hurting. - So how did it happen?
0:25:18 > 0:25:21The break-time bell rang at school,
0:25:21 > 0:25:24and Joseph ran outside ready for some fun.
0:25:24 > 0:25:28- Nice gloves!- A budding breakdancer, he started busting some moves.
0:25:28 > 0:25:30Good eyebrow action.
0:25:30 > 0:25:34The footwork was flowing, the crowd were going crazy. Gorilla included.
0:25:34 > 0:25:38When suddenly, Joseph tripped, and landed on his arm. Ouch!
0:25:38 > 0:25:39He's been saying it's not hurting him
0:25:39 > 0:25:42but there's definitely something wrong with it.
0:25:42 > 0:25:45Breakdancing isn't actually supposed to break anything,
0:25:45 > 0:25:46but it does look pretty swollen.
0:25:46 > 0:25:48Yup, I can see it. Thanks, Joseph.
0:25:48 > 0:25:52Let's get nurse practitioner Julia Maxted in, to take a look.
0:25:52 > 0:25:55- Are you going to tell me what you did again?- I fell over!
0:25:55 > 0:25:57It's quite sore.
0:25:57 > 0:25:59Can you put your arms up in the air?
0:25:59 > 0:26:03He can't fully straighten his elbow, and it's really quite swollen
0:26:03 > 0:26:05so I think he has actually broken something there.
0:26:05 > 0:26:08To find out for sure, nurse Julia sends Joseph for an X-ray.
0:26:08 > 0:26:12It's the quickest way to spot a broken bone.
0:26:15 > 0:26:18An X-ray is like a super-powerful version of ordinary light,
0:26:18 > 0:26:20which can pass through your skin.
0:26:20 > 0:26:23When they meet bones, X-rays stop dead in their tracks
0:26:23 > 0:26:26and the perfect picture can be taken.
0:26:26 > 0:26:31With his X-ray done, Joseph just has to wait calmly for the results.
0:26:31 > 0:26:34Whoa, whoa, whoa! Stop right there.
0:26:34 > 0:26:37Isn't this how you got yourself in this mess in the first place?
0:26:37 > 0:26:40Don't worry, the X-ray results are in.
0:26:40 > 0:26:42And it looks like there could be a cast on its way.
0:26:42 > 0:26:47He's got a little break, just up here where he's sore.
0:26:47 > 0:26:51The bone's not out of place, it's just got a little break across it,
0:26:51 > 0:26:52and that's why it's swollen.
0:26:52 > 0:26:55But at least Joseph's earned himself a sticker.
0:26:55 > 0:26:57What does that say? "I have been very brave."
0:26:57 > 0:27:00And he's come up with a cunning plan.
0:27:00 > 0:27:03If my arm breaks...this one...
0:27:03 > 0:27:05Yes...?
0:27:05 > 0:27:08- ..I'll have two stickers! - Well, your maths is good.
0:27:08 > 0:27:11But it's probably better to have two good arms, than two good stickers.
0:27:11 > 0:27:16Someone plaster him up before he hatches any more harebrained plans.
0:27:16 > 0:27:21With a sling on, time for a finishing touch. Another sticker.
0:27:21 > 0:27:25- I'll put it on there so everyone can see.- What do you say?- Thank you.
0:27:25 > 0:27:27All right, mate, no worries.
0:27:27 > 0:27:32- Phew! And he didn't even have to break his other arm to get it.- Bye!
0:27:34 > 0:27:35Next time...
0:27:35 > 0:27:38What's this woman going to do with that box?
0:27:38 > 0:27:42I find out how a snake bite affects the human body.
0:27:42 > 0:27:45And I make Chris drink his own wee.
0:27:45 > 0:27:46What?
0:27:46 > 0:27:49So we'll see you next time, on Operation Ouch!
0:27:50 > 0:27:52Subtitles by Red Bee Media Ltd