0:00:23 > 0:00:25'He's Dr Chris.
0:00:25 > 0:00:28'And he's Dr Xand.
0:00:28 > 0:00:30'Yep, we're twins.
0:00:30 > 0:00:33'Your body is amazing and we're going to prove it.'
0:00:33 > 0:00:36SCREAMING AND LAUGHTER
0:00:36 > 0:00:39'We'll show you what happens when we push our bodies to the limit.'
0:00:39 > 0:00:42OK, here we go.
0:00:43 > 0:00:45Oh...
0:00:45 > 0:00:49'Show how the strangest of injuries get fixed...'
0:00:49 > 0:00:51It's harder to speak.
0:00:51 > 0:00:55'Uncover the secrets behind the most amazing bodies.'
0:00:55 > 0:00:57'And experiment on each other
0:00:57 > 0:01:01'to show you just how your body works.'
0:01:01 > 0:01:02Oh, no!
0:01:02 > 0:01:06BOTH: Coming up today on Operation Ouch...
0:01:06 > 0:01:09'This man reveals his amazing body.
0:01:09 > 0:01:12'I join paramedics at the scene of an emergency
0:01:12 > 0:01:15'and find out what we're whisking up.'
0:01:15 > 0:01:17It looks like a blood smoothie.
0:01:17 > 0:01:18'But first...
0:01:18 > 0:01:22'Hospital doctors and nurses always expect the unexpected.
0:01:22 > 0:01:24'Let's see how they fix our first patient.'
0:01:28 > 0:01:31In Manchester, the emergency department have a new admission -
0:01:31 > 0:01:3513-year-old Rhys, who's come in with a badly battered face.
0:01:35 > 0:01:40I damaged my forehead, and my nose and my lip there.
0:01:40 > 0:01:43You can say that again. I'm amazed you can even speak.
0:01:43 > 0:01:44It's hard to smile,
0:01:44 > 0:01:49because my lips are, like, swollen and I can't move it...
0:01:49 > 0:01:52I'd just keep a straight face, Rhys.
0:01:52 > 0:01:55So how on earth did you end up like that?
0:01:55 > 0:01:58Well, what happened was... lovely balloons...
0:01:58 > 0:02:00Rhys was celebrating his cousin's birthday party
0:02:00 > 0:02:02at the local bike park.
0:02:02 > 0:02:04He was on a half pipe, doing his thing.
0:02:04 > 0:02:09The crowd were loving it, so he set off for the big one.
0:02:09 > 0:02:11Er, that's a steep slope.
0:02:11 > 0:02:13Nice big stadium too. No pressure, Rhys.
0:02:13 > 0:02:17He set off, but the slope was so steep and Rhys tried to stop...
0:02:17 > 0:02:20He pulled on his brake, but he did it too hard
0:02:20 > 0:02:22and next thing he knew, he flew over the handlebars.
0:02:22 > 0:02:24Oh, dear. No more bike.
0:02:27 > 0:02:30Yep, he went flying through the air until he landed smack on his face.
0:02:30 > 0:02:32Ouch!
0:02:33 > 0:02:36Luckily, Rhys was wearing a helmet
0:02:36 > 0:02:38and his injuries aren't as bad as they look,
0:02:38 > 0:02:40but it's still pretty uncomfortable.
0:02:40 > 0:02:44I find it very hard to eat... cos my tongue's all swollen.
0:02:44 > 0:02:48There's no chance of getting your mouth around a burger, for sure.
0:02:48 > 0:02:51Rhys was treated just after the accident,
0:02:51 > 0:02:54but now he's back in hospital to get his wounds checked out
0:02:54 > 0:02:58and find out if he'll need any more treatment.
0:02:58 > 0:03:03And the man doing the finding out is Professor Kevin Macway Jones.
0:03:03 > 0:03:05We need to take the dressings down,
0:03:05 > 0:03:08have a good look at his wound, make sure they're not infected,
0:03:08 > 0:03:11then we need to decide what dressings need to be put on there
0:03:11 > 0:03:14and whether any surgery needs to be done immediately,
0:03:14 > 0:03:16or whether that can wait for later if it's needed at all.
0:03:16 > 0:03:20First things first. Nurse Michael needs to get those dressings off.
0:03:20 > 0:03:22I'm going to take the dressings off
0:03:22 > 0:03:25and see what everything looks like underneath. Is that OK?
0:03:25 > 0:03:30Although it looks nasty, swelling is part of the body's healing process.
0:03:32 > 0:03:33When you're injured,
0:03:33 > 0:03:37chemicals are released which cause our blood vessels to widen.
0:03:37 > 0:03:40This allows more blood and infection-fighting cells
0:03:40 > 0:03:43to get to the injured area, but some leak into the surrounding tissue,
0:03:43 > 0:03:46causing the whole area to swell up.
0:03:48 > 0:03:50Just like Rhys' lip.
0:03:50 > 0:03:53So with the dressing off, how's it looking?
0:03:53 > 0:03:56The one at the top is healing well.
0:03:56 > 0:03:58The one over your nose is healing well,
0:03:58 > 0:04:01the one above your lip, OK, that's a little bit deeper.
0:04:01 > 0:04:03So what I think we need to do is re-dress it,
0:04:03 > 0:04:05we'll bring you back to clinic to see how it's doing
0:04:05 > 0:04:09and we'll make a decision when you come back to clinic next time.
0:04:10 > 0:04:13Although his nose and forehead can be left dressing-free,
0:04:13 > 0:04:15Rhys' lip still needs to be covered
0:04:15 > 0:04:17and he'll have to come back in two weeks' time
0:04:17 > 0:04:21when the swelling's gone down to see if surgery is necessary.
0:04:21 > 0:04:24I just can't wait to get back to normal,
0:04:24 > 0:04:26cos I need to get back eating again.
0:04:26 > 0:04:29Fingers crossed some decent food will be on the cards soon, mate.
0:04:29 > 0:04:32We'll be back to find out what happens with Rhys' lip later on.
0:04:32 > 0:04:35I think I can hear his stomach rumbling.
0:04:40 > 0:04:43'And now to our lab where we put our bodies to the test
0:04:43 > 0:04:45'to show you how your body works.'
0:04:46 > 0:04:48Ow, that really hurts.
0:04:48 > 0:04:50'Just don't try anything like this at home.
0:04:50 > 0:04:52'Today, we're looking at our blood.'
0:04:52 > 0:04:54This is blood.
0:04:54 > 0:04:57It's not human blood, but it's almost exactly the same.
0:04:57 > 0:04:59And without blood, you'd be dead.
0:04:59 > 0:05:01That's because your organs need blood
0:05:01 > 0:05:03every second of the day to keep them working.
0:05:03 > 0:05:04If someone's had an accident,
0:05:04 > 0:05:06the most important thing to do is stop the bleeding.
0:05:06 > 0:05:10Blood isn't just a liquid. It's actually full of red blood cells.
0:05:10 > 0:05:14Your body makes two million new red blood cells every second.
0:05:14 > 0:05:17'And all these blood cells have a really important job.
0:05:17 > 0:05:22'They carry oxygen from your lungs to all the cells in your body.
0:05:22 > 0:05:25'When you breathe in air, it goes straight to your lungs
0:05:25 > 0:05:27'and travels through little sacs, called alveoli
0:05:27 > 0:05:30'and it's their job to transfer all the oxygen to your blood.'
0:05:30 > 0:05:33When it goes into the lungs,
0:05:33 > 0:05:36it's this very dark, almost black reddish colour.
0:05:36 > 0:05:38When it leaves the lungs, it changes colour
0:05:38 > 0:05:40and becomes a very bright red.
0:05:40 > 0:05:44'Look at this vein in my hand. It looks blueish
0:05:44 > 0:05:46'because it's full of dark-coloured blood
0:05:46 > 0:05:49'that hasn't been to the lungs yet.'
0:05:49 > 0:05:51I can show you the direction of flow in these veins.
0:05:51 > 0:05:53If I squeeze the blood out of this one,
0:05:53 > 0:05:54you see I've made it disappear?
0:05:54 > 0:05:57Then you can watch it refill from this end.
0:05:57 > 0:06:00And now it's on its way to get oxygen from the lungs,
0:06:00 > 0:06:02where it will change colour.
0:06:02 > 0:06:05Nice, isn't it? I can do exactly the same thing and you notice...
0:06:05 > 0:06:07you see how quickly it refills,
0:06:07 > 0:06:10- so if you imagine the blood fills up like that...- Pumping into that.
0:06:10 > 0:06:11..the red blood cells starting there
0:06:11 > 0:06:14would be back in my lungs really quickly.
0:06:16 > 0:06:19'To show you what happens when your blood visits your lungs,
0:06:19 > 0:06:22'we've got a piece of really high-tech equipment.'
0:06:22 > 0:06:24- We're going to use this blender... - That's my blender.
0:06:24 > 0:06:29We're going to use Chris' blender to whisk oxygen into the blood.
0:06:29 > 0:06:31Let's see what happens.
0:06:31 > 0:06:33This blood is starting to form clots,
0:06:33 > 0:06:37so it's thick and lumpy cos it's outside the body.
0:06:37 > 0:06:39'That's what happens to your blood when you get a cut.
0:06:39 > 0:06:41'It reacts with the air to form a clot,
0:06:41 > 0:06:45'which glues the wound together, eventually becoming a scab.'
0:06:45 > 0:06:46Now let's make a bloodshake.
0:06:50 > 0:06:52'By swirling it around quickly,
0:06:52 > 0:06:55'the blender is putting oxygen into the blood.'
0:06:55 > 0:06:59This is what happens when you take a deep breath!
0:06:59 > 0:07:02The oxygen is put directly into the blood
0:07:02 > 0:07:05and it makes it go a bright red colour.
0:07:06 > 0:07:09It looks like a blood smoothie.
0:07:09 > 0:07:11There's no such thing as a blood smoothie, a strawberry smoothie.
0:07:11 > 0:07:14- It's still your blender. - Yeah, thanks for that.
0:07:14 > 0:07:18'So we've shown you the way that blood goes dark red
0:07:18 > 0:07:22'with no oxygen in it to bright red and oxygenated.'
0:07:22 > 0:07:25'And that's what's happening in your body right now.
0:07:25 > 0:07:26'All the new red blood cells
0:07:26 > 0:07:29'are collecting oxygen from your lungs as you breathe
0:07:29 > 0:07:32'and delivering it to every cell in your body.'
0:07:35 > 0:07:37In the UK, there are hundreds
0:07:37 > 0:07:40of rapid response medical teams on standby.
0:07:40 > 0:07:43And they need to be on the scene of an emergency in minutes.
0:07:43 > 0:07:46'We're going on call with the UK's emergency services,
0:07:46 > 0:07:49'heading into the thick of the action to help save lives.
0:07:49 > 0:07:52'Now it's Chris' turn on the front line.'
0:07:53 > 0:07:56This is a rapid response vehicle and it's designed to get
0:07:56 > 0:07:59a paramedic to the scene of an emergency within minutes.
0:08:04 > 0:08:06On call with me today is paramedic, Ben White...
0:08:09 > 0:08:13..and we've just had a new call come in.
0:08:13 > 0:08:14We've been called to a lady
0:08:14 > 0:08:17who's fallen over and may have dislocated her shoulder.
0:08:17 > 0:08:19We have blood vessels and nerves in the armpit.
0:08:19 > 0:08:22If the bone at the top of the arm pops out of the socket,
0:08:22 > 0:08:24it can damage all those structures.
0:08:24 > 0:08:26I've got my camera,
0:08:26 > 0:08:29so I'm going to take you as close as I can to the action.
0:08:29 > 0:08:32We arrive on the scene in under three-and-a-half minutes
0:08:32 > 0:08:37and we find Maxine on her bathroom floor.
0:08:37 > 0:08:38So, what happened this morning?
0:08:38 > 0:08:40Having my shower, just finished, turned off,
0:08:40 > 0:08:44stepped out the shower - whoops! - on the floor.
0:08:44 > 0:08:47- Is it constant pain or only when you move it?- Constant.
0:08:47 > 0:08:48Is it down here?
0:08:49 > 0:08:51- It's all my shoulder, really. - All your shoulder?
0:08:51 > 0:08:55Ben's assessing her to see if he thinks it's bruised or broken
0:08:55 > 0:08:56or if she's dislocated the joint.
0:08:56 > 0:08:59If this bone at the top of the arm has actually come away
0:08:59 > 0:09:03from the other bone in the shoulder, it's in the wrong position.
0:09:03 > 0:09:05If that's the case, they can take her to hospital
0:09:05 > 0:09:08and pop it back in with some painkillers.
0:09:08 > 0:09:11What we'll do, is get some pain relief out for you.
0:09:11 > 0:09:12We'll see how we go on gas and air.
0:09:12 > 0:09:16Might pop a needle in your hand, give you something stronger.
0:09:16 > 0:09:19If you hold that, take deep breaths for us.
0:09:19 > 0:09:21Take nice deep breaths.
0:09:21 > 0:09:24Gas and air numbs the pain to make Maxine more comfortable
0:09:24 > 0:09:26while Ben checks her blood pressure.
0:09:28 > 0:09:30But she's still in a lot of pain,
0:09:30 > 0:09:33so Ben decides that Maxine needs to go to hospital for further checks.
0:09:33 > 0:09:36In the meantime, he gives her some stronger painkillers
0:09:36 > 0:09:38through an injection.
0:09:38 > 0:09:40What's really good about this,
0:09:40 > 0:09:43is it's not just going to make life nicer for Max,
0:09:43 > 0:09:45it's also going to help the doctors at the hospital,
0:09:45 > 0:09:49because reducing the pain reduces all the spasm in the shoulder
0:09:49 > 0:09:51and that'll make it easier for them to treat Maxine.
0:09:51 > 0:09:54We can get Maxine down on the ambulance where
0:09:54 > 0:09:56we can make her comfortable.
0:09:56 > 0:10:00A trip up to the hospital to get it X-rayed and get it sorted.
0:10:00 > 0:10:03The medical team has arrived and the crew make sure Maxine
0:10:03 > 0:10:07moves as little as possible as she makes her way to the ambulance.
0:10:08 > 0:10:11Max is on her way to hospital and Ben arriving really quickly
0:10:11 > 0:10:13and giving really good pain relief
0:10:13 > 0:10:16will make it much easier for the doctors to treat.
0:10:16 > 0:10:19With our job done here, we get ready for the next callout.
0:10:21 > 0:10:24There are rapid response teams like this all over the UK
0:10:24 > 0:10:27which means that expert medical care can be with you
0:10:27 > 0:10:30within minutes of a serious emergency.
0:10:32 > 0:10:37Still to come, Xand finds out what's wrong with these body bits...
0:10:37 > 0:10:38It's the size of a melon!
0:10:38 > 0:10:41..we show you a trick that'll fool your friends...
0:10:42 > 0:10:46..and I'm in theatre for some eye-opening surgery.
0:10:46 > 0:10:50Now I'm going to open the skin on the surface of the eye.
0:10:54 > 0:10:56..when you become an adult?
0:10:56 > 0:10:57It's called your clavicle
0:10:57 > 0:10:59and it'll stop growing
0:10:59 > 0:11:00when you're about 25.
0:11:02 > 0:11:04That's amazing and so is this.
0:11:05 > 0:11:08Lunchtime in an ordinary street, in an ordinary town,
0:11:08 > 0:11:13but in this town lives an extraordinary person.
0:11:13 > 0:11:16This man's name is Neil. Can you guess why he's amazing?
0:11:16 > 0:11:20Does he have the loudest yodel in England? No.
0:11:20 > 0:11:23Have a look at him, well, maybe with other people.
0:11:23 > 0:11:27You see, Neil's the tallest man in the UK.
0:11:27 > 0:11:31He's 232.6cm tall.
0:11:31 > 0:11:34That's half a metre taller than your average British man.
0:11:34 > 0:11:39He wears size 15 shoes and weighs 159 kilos.
0:11:39 > 0:11:41Being tall makes Neil very popular.
0:11:41 > 0:11:46Look at all these people, see how happy they are.
0:11:46 > 0:11:48Even the traffic wardens want to be his friend.
0:11:48 > 0:11:50No parking tickets for Neil.
0:11:51 > 0:11:54My brother's 6 ft 9, my sister's 6 ft 3.
0:11:56 > 0:11:59My grandfather, back in the old days was 6 ft 7.
0:12:00 > 0:12:02So, it runs in the family.
0:12:02 > 0:12:04Hang on, these window cleaners need some help.
0:12:04 > 0:12:06I'm just naturally tall.
0:12:07 > 0:12:10The top of that window has never been so clean
0:12:10 > 0:12:12and he didn't even break a sweat.
0:12:13 > 0:12:15Oh, mind your head.
0:12:15 > 0:12:17Neil is unique, but as you grow,
0:12:17 > 0:12:20it's the bones in your legs that will make the most difference
0:12:20 > 0:12:21to your height as an adult.
0:12:21 > 0:12:25They will grow at each end and your individual DNA will tell them
0:12:25 > 0:12:27how long to grow.
0:12:27 > 0:12:30It's nice to be different and if you use your differences
0:12:30 > 0:12:32to be an advantage, the sky's the limit.
0:12:32 > 0:12:34And Neil should know.
0:12:34 > 0:12:37He's a lot nearer the sky than we are.
0:12:37 > 0:12:40Now that's amazing. Ouch!
0:12:40 > 0:12:43Xand, no-one's going to believe you're taller than Neil.
0:12:43 > 0:12:45Let's head back to the emergency department
0:12:45 > 0:12:50to see how our patient is getting on.
0:12:52 > 0:12:54Back in Accident & Emergency,
0:12:54 > 0:12:5613-year-old Rhys came into hospital
0:12:56 > 0:12:59with a bashed-up face after a biking accident.
0:12:59 > 0:13:03I damaged my forehead, my nose and my lip there.
0:13:05 > 0:13:08He'd been at a party trying out some bike tricks,
0:13:08 > 0:13:12but a big slope, a really, really big slope, caught him out
0:13:12 > 0:13:15and he ended up flying over his handlebars onto his face.
0:13:16 > 0:13:18Although it wasn't as bad as it looked,
0:13:18 > 0:13:22Rhys couldn't wait for the swelling in his lip to go down.
0:13:22 > 0:13:26I find it very hard to eat cos my tongue's very swollen.
0:13:26 > 0:13:29And the doctors were also waiting so they could decide
0:13:29 > 0:13:31if he'd need any plastic surgery.
0:13:32 > 0:13:35Two weeks later and Rhys is back for his check-up.
0:13:35 > 0:13:38I'm pleased to see his face is looking pretty transformed.
0:13:40 > 0:13:44The swelling has gone down a lot and I can eat my favourite food
0:13:44 > 0:13:45and everything.
0:13:45 > 0:13:49Thank goodness. I was worried you were wasting away there for a while.
0:13:49 > 0:13:51Well, with the important news out of the way,
0:13:51 > 0:13:53let's meet Professor Simon Carley
0:13:53 > 0:13:57and find out if we're going to need that surgery or not.
0:13:57 > 0:13:59I think that's starting to heal quite nicely.
0:13:59 > 0:14:02The bits on your forehead, almost completely healed.
0:14:02 > 0:14:05His best chance is for his body to do all the work,
0:14:05 > 0:14:07to do the job that it's designed to do.
0:14:07 > 0:14:10Your skin needs to be a tough barrier so it can protect you
0:14:10 > 0:14:14and it's designed to repair itself constantly.
0:14:14 > 0:14:16All the time, new skin cells are working their way up
0:14:16 > 0:14:18from the bottom layer to the top,
0:14:18 > 0:14:20which usually takes about a month.
0:14:20 > 0:14:23But because Rhys' injury is severe and his skin is healing,
0:14:23 > 0:14:24it's going to take a bit longer.
0:14:27 > 0:14:30The bits down here, they're doing pretty well as well.
0:14:30 > 0:14:33To know what it's eventually going to completely look like
0:14:33 > 0:14:36will probably be about six months.
0:14:36 > 0:14:40Six months might sound like ages, but every skin cell contains pigment
0:14:40 > 0:14:42which is what gives your skin its colour.
0:14:42 > 0:14:45It's going to take a while for all of Rhys' cells
0:14:45 > 0:14:48to reach the top layer and his skin colour to return to normal.
0:14:48 > 0:14:51I think you can already see just on that patch on the forehead,
0:14:51 > 0:14:55if you look in the middle part, can you see how some of the pigment
0:14:55 > 0:14:57is already starting to come through on the inside?
0:14:57 > 0:15:01I suspect that when you first did that, that looked completely pink
0:15:01 > 0:15:04and now you're already seeing some of the pigment cells coming through.
0:15:04 > 0:15:08The other doctor said that it's OK and it's healing properly,
0:15:08 > 0:15:11that he could see my skin tone developing underneath.
0:15:12 > 0:15:14With Rhys' skin healing well,
0:15:14 > 0:15:17he might not need that surgery after all.
0:15:17 > 0:15:20I know there was talk about plastic surgery and stuff like that.
0:15:20 > 0:15:24I think at this stage, I don't think that's going to be necessary.
0:15:24 > 0:15:27I'm amazed it's healed so well, actually.
0:15:27 > 0:15:29The body's a pretty remarkable thing.
0:15:29 > 0:15:32I'm just relieved cos I won't have to go into surgery.
0:15:32 > 0:15:36To be honest, you can get back on your bike pretty soon, as well.
0:15:36 > 0:15:39It's a good result for Rhys, but just go steady on that bike.
0:15:43 > 0:15:47We've got some amazing body tricks to show you.
0:15:47 > 0:15:50Want to find out how to shrink someone's arm?
0:15:50 > 0:15:53Xand, I want you to put your fingertips together
0:15:53 > 0:15:55and push your arms out as far as you can in front of you like that.
0:15:55 > 0:15:57This is a great trick.
0:15:57 > 0:15:59OK, now I want you to take that hand
0:15:59 > 0:16:01and rub it as hard as you can on this elbow.
0:16:01 > 0:16:03Tell your mate while they're doing this,
0:16:03 > 0:16:06that you're going to use magic powers to shorten that arm.
0:16:06 > 0:16:10Ohhh, I'm using my arm-shortening magic powers, ohhh!
0:16:10 > 0:16:12Not too much magic.
0:16:15 > 0:16:17OK, now straighten.
0:16:17 > 0:16:21- You've shortened my arm.- Exactly. Now to get them the same length,
0:16:21 > 0:16:24you simply do the opposite and rub this hand on that arm.
0:16:25 > 0:16:28More magic, more magic and straighten.
0:16:28 > 0:16:31- Yeah, that's better. - You want to try that again?
0:16:31 > 0:16:33No, I won't be able to get my hands in my pockets.
0:16:33 > 0:16:35'Don't be ridiculous, Xand.'
0:16:35 > 0:16:37So, this trick works
0:16:37 > 0:16:40because as you rub your left arm, the muscles in your right shoulder
0:16:40 > 0:16:44tighten up, making your right arm look shorter.
0:16:44 > 0:16:48Your left arm is relaxed and completely untensed
0:16:48 > 0:16:49so it looks longer.
0:16:49 > 0:16:52To get things back to normal, just give everything a shake.
0:16:52 > 0:16:56Give it a try and see if you can fool your friends.
0:16:56 > 0:17:00Now, we're going our separate ways to show you two amazing places,
0:17:00 > 0:17:03starting here in Manchester with Chris.
0:17:03 > 0:17:06Right now, I'm bringing the cameras in to show you
0:17:06 > 0:17:10some eye surgery that is so amazing, even I've never seen it before.
0:17:10 > 0:17:13You blink 17,000 times a day.
0:17:13 > 0:17:14When you read a book,
0:17:14 > 0:17:17your eye muscles move almost 170 times a minute
0:17:17 > 0:17:21and the muscles you use to blink are the fastest in your body.
0:17:21 > 0:17:23You've got seven muscles in your eye
0:17:23 > 0:17:25and that's what we're focusing on today.
0:17:26 > 0:17:28As we've seen on Operation Ouch!,
0:17:28 > 0:17:31there are surgeons who specialise in everything to do with the body.
0:17:31 > 0:17:35This is Dr Jane Ashworth and she's an eye specialist.
0:17:35 > 0:17:38Is operating on the eye different to other parts of the body?
0:17:38 > 0:17:41It is because the structures of the eye are small and delicate
0:17:41 > 0:17:44so you have to use very, very fine instruments,
0:17:44 > 0:17:46very fine needles and threads.
0:17:46 > 0:17:48Often you have to magnify the image.
0:17:48 > 0:17:51This is Josh who's having eye surgery today.
0:17:51 > 0:17:54He's had problems with his sight from birth
0:17:54 > 0:17:56and has had various treatments to help him see.
0:17:56 > 0:17:59He's had eye patches for about a year,
0:17:59 > 0:18:01which brought his sight back.
0:18:01 > 0:18:05Joshua lost sight in his eye at first, he only had 20% sight.
0:18:05 > 0:18:08Then he had the glasses to try and bring his sight back
0:18:08 > 0:18:09which have brought it back.
0:18:09 > 0:18:12He's now left...I think it's about 80% sight now.
0:18:13 > 0:18:16But the doctors want to correct something else.
0:18:16 > 0:18:19Josh has a squint and in his case, this is making his eyes
0:18:19 > 0:18:22move too closely together when he looks down.
0:18:22 > 0:18:25If you look on this model here, these are the muscles of the eye
0:18:25 > 0:18:28that move the eye in different directions.
0:18:28 > 0:18:30This muscle here, close to the nose,
0:18:30 > 0:18:33is working too well, so we're going to weaken it
0:18:33 > 0:18:37by moving it backwards on the eye and moving its position downwards.
0:18:38 > 0:18:40Someone in your class may have a squint.
0:18:40 > 0:18:44You may have one yourself and, most of the time, glasses can correct it.
0:18:44 > 0:18:48But in Josh's case, glasses and other treatments won't work,
0:18:48 > 0:18:52so surgery is the only option to repair the muscle around his eyes.
0:18:52 > 0:18:54Even though Josh's eyes are open,
0:18:54 > 0:18:58he is actually asleep and he can't see or feel a thing.
0:18:58 > 0:18:59To me, this is very exciting.
0:18:59 > 0:19:02I never saw this kind of surgery because it's so specialist -
0:19:02 > 0:19:04as a medical student, I didn't see it.
0:19:04 > 0:19:06Look away if you're a bit squeamish.
0:19:06 > 0:19:08These first stitches that Jane's put in
0:19:08 > 0:19:11are so she can move the eyeball into the position
0:19:11 > 0:19:15so that this muscle is exposed here.
0:19:15 > 0:19:18And now I'm going to open the skin on the surface of the eye
0:19:18 > 0:19:20in order to find the muscle.
0:19:20 > 0:19:23The skin on your eyeball can heal like any other skin?
0:19:23 > 0:19:24Yeah, it heals very quickly.
0:19:26 > 0:19:28We're just putting some stitches in
0:19:28 > 0:19:31to sew the muscle into a new position on the eye.
0:19:31 > 0:19:33The problem Josh had is that the muscle was too strong
0:19:33 > 0:19:35moving the eye inwards and downwards
0:19:35 > 0:19:39so what Jane's done is effectively make the muscle weaker.
0:19:39 > 0:19:42In just 20 minutes, the first eye is done
0:19:42 > 0:19:45and now Dr Jane moves on to the next eye muscle.
0:19:45 > 0:19:48Using these stitches to put the muscle into a new position now.
0:19:48 > 0:19:51Co-ordinating your eyes together is really important
0:19:51 > 0:19:53so humans have seven muscles moving the eye
0:19:53 > 0:19:57and that means you can move your eye in any direction at all.
0:20:00 > 0:20:04So Jane's now just sewing the skin back around the eyeball,
0:20:04 > 0:20:06covering the muscle
0:20:06 > 0:20:07and then we're done.
0:20:07 > 0:20:11And in 40 minutes, Josh returns back to the hospital ward to recover.
0:20:11 > 0:20:15I'm absolutely astounded at how quick this surgery happens.
0:20:16 > 0:20:19So, back on the ward and Josh can't open his eyes yet
0:20:19 > 0:20:22but a few weeks later and he's back to meet Dr Jane
0:20:22 > 0:20:23for a check-up.
0:20:23 > 0:20:26The eyes are healing up absolutely fine, so he's done really well.
0:20:26 > 0:20:30That's much better, isn't it? Before, his eyes turned right in.
0:20:30 > 0:20:31Yeah, that's much better.
0:20:31 > 0:20:33It's much better than it was.
0:20:33 > 0:20:36'There's been a real improvement in Josh's squint after the surgery,
0:20:36 > 0:20:38'which is great news.'
0:20:38 > 0:20:40So how do you feel after all that?
0:20:40 > 0:20:42You didn't want to open your eyes afterwards in hospital, did you?
0:20:42 > 0:20:45- No.- And then, did you open your eyes that night?
0:20:45 > 0:20:47No, I opened them the next day.
0:20:47 > 0:20:50Josh found it a bit uncomfortable after the operation
0:20:50 > 0:20:52but now he's had this amazing surgery,
0:20:52 > 0:20:54he's well on the road to recovery
0:20:54 > 0:20:57and it means now that when he looks down,
0:20:57 > 0:21:01his eye muscles won't be pulling his eyes together toward his nose.
0:21:18 > 0:21:20In fact, the answer is B.
0:21:20 > 0:21:21It would stretch as high
0:21:21 > 0:21:22as a three-storey building.
0:21:22 > 0:21:24That's nine metres of innards
0:21:24 > 0:21:27all coiled up inside your body.
0:21:27 > 0:21:30Now Xand brings you something completely different.
0:21:30 > 0:21:33I'm in a top secret location
0:21:33 > 0:21:37and it's so top secret, I'm not even allowed to mention its name
0:21:37 > 0:21:42but in here is a special medical collection of human body parts
0:21:42 > 0:21:45and I've been allowed exclusive access
0:21:45 > 0:21:49to show you some of the ways the human body can go wrong.
0:21:49 > 0:21:52These two things are human hearts.
0:21:52 > 0:21:54This one is a normal human heart.
0:21:54 > 0:21:56Now, it's been opened up
0:21:56 > 0:21:58so that you can see inside
0:21:58 > 0:21:59but if you put it back together,
0:21:59 > 0:22:02it would be about the size of a large apple.
0:22:02 > 0:22:05That's what's inside me and you
0:22:05 > 0:22:08but this heart is much bigger.
0:22:08 > 0:22:11Now, the man who this heart belonged to had a rare disease
0:22:11 > 0:22:13which made some of the tissues in his body weaker
0:22:13 > 0:22:17so they stretched, like his heart and his blood vessels
0:22:17 > 0:22:19and that's why his heart got so big.
0:22:19 > 0:22:24Imagine having this inside your chest. It's the size of a melon!
0:22:24 > 0:22:26You'd definitely notice it.
0:22:26 > 0:22:29This guy would have had a pounding heartbeat.
0:22:29 > 0:22:30Boom, boom, boom!
0:22:30 > 0:22:34You'd actually be able to see his chest wall moving
0:22:34 > 0:22:36with each massive beat.
0:22:36 > 0:22:40You'd probably have been able to see the blood washing up into his neck
0:22:40 > 0:22:43so his neck would have been expanding and almost flapping
0:22:43 > 0:22:47with each heartbeat and in the end, this man's heart getting so big
0:22:47 > 0:22:50and his blood vessels got so weak - that's what killed him.
0:22:50 > 0:22:53This is another organ that's gone wrong.
0:22:53 > 0:22:57It's a human liver, and there's something very strange about it.
0:22:57 > 0:22:59What do you think these are?
0:22:59 > 0:23:01Hmm? Hmm?
0:23:01 > 0:23:03They're worms -
0:23:03 > 0:23:05giant intestinal roundworms
0:23:05 > 0:23:09and they were living in this person's body when they died.
0:23:09 > 0:23:12The person that this liver belonged to would have been ill.
0:23:12 > 0:23:15They'd have been bright yellow, for a start,
0:23:15 > 0:23:17because their liver was all blocked up.
0:23:17 > 0:23:19In fact, there might have been so many worms
0:23:19 > 0:23:22that they blocked their gut. They'd have lost weight, and ultimately
0:23:22 > 0:23:25this infection probably would have killed them.
0:23:25 > 0:23:27But bones can go wrong too.
0:23:27 > 0:23:30In the lower half of your leg, you've got two bones -
0:23:30 > 0:23:32the tibia, which is here. That's your shin bone,
0:23:32 > 0:23:36and then a smaller bone off to the side, the fibula - that one there.
0:23:36 > 0:23:38It's easy to break these and it's quite common.
0:23:38 > 0:23:41Footballers and skiers do it. You probably know someone who's done it.
0:23:41 > 0:23:44It's also quite easy to fix this, usually.
0:23:44 > 0:23:47Doctors will pull the leg straight, put it in a plaster cast
0:23:47 > 0:23:50and you can be almost as good as new in a few weeks.
0:23:50 > 0:23:52But what happens
0:23:52 > 0:23:54if you don't have a plaster cast?
0:23:57 > 0:23:59Take a look at this.
0:24:01 > 0:24:05This person broke their leg 200 years ago
0:24:05 > 0:24:06and they didn't see a doctor.
0:24:06 > 0:24:10Now, it's a terrible break. He would have been in terrible pain
0:24:10 > 0:24:12and he would have had a very bad limp
0:24:12 > 0:24:15but what's incredible about this
0:24:15 > 0:24:18is the bone's actually regrown and tried to fix itself,
0:24:18 > 0:24:20so we know from that
0:24:20 > 0:24:24that this guy lived, probably for several years after his injury.
0:24:24 > 0:24:26Amazing.
0:24:29 > 0:24:31In the Accident & Emergency department,
0:24:31 > 0:24:34- the team are ready for their next case.- Let's meet him.
0:24:37 > 0:24:39Six-year-old Rio has come to Accident & Emergency
0:24:39 > 0:24:41with a little problem on his hands.
0:24:41 > 0:24:44I've got a poorly finger.
0:24:44 > 0:24:46Ooh, yeah, that is a problem.
0:24:46 > 0:24:48It's a bit strange.
0:24:48 > 0:24:50It does look pretty odd.
0:24:50 > 0:24:52So how on earth did that finger end up like that?
0:24:54 > 0:24:57Rio has lots of hobbies. That's him Thai boxing
0:24:57 > 0:24:59but as well as the usual activities,
0:24:59 > 0:25:02he has another favourite pastime -
0:25:02 > 0:25:04picking the skin around his nails.
0:25:04 > 0:25:05He picks in the morning,
0:25:05 > 0:25:08he picks in the evening,
0:25:08 > 0:25:10he even picks in the bathtub
0:25:10 > 0:25:14but as he's been picking away, germs have crept in under the skin.
0:25:14 > 0:25:16That's those green things.
0:25:16 > 0:25:17Lots of them, aren't there?
0:25:17 > 0:25:21Yep, and so his finger became infected and it swelled up. Ouch.
0:25:22 > 0:25:26It comes all white when you pick it a bit more.
0:25:26 > 0:25:28Time to stop picking at it, Rio.
0:25:28 > 0:25:32Let's get Professor Simon Carley in to get to the bottom of it.
0:25:32 > 0:25:34Follow this way. Let's follow the finger.
0:25:34 > 0:25:38Well, there goes the finger. Rio's just going to have to follow.
0:25:38 > 0:25:40Can I have a quick look?
0:25:40 > 0:25:41Do you bite your nails?
0:25:41 > 0:25:43- No, I pick them. - You pick them?
0:25:43 > 0:25:46- He certainly does.- You see all this yellow stuff?
0:25:46 > 0:25:49That's where it's got a little infection there
0:25:49 > 0:25:51so you're going to make it sore.
0:25:51 > 0:25:53I think we can make that a bit better for you
0:25:53 > 0:25:56by letting some of that out. Would that be all right?
0:25:56 > 0:25:58- 'Cut it out, doctor! - That's a bit rude.
0:25:58 > 0:26:01'No, really, cut it out. Let the pus out.
0:26:01 > 0:26:04'Sounds drastic, but that pus needs removing.
0:26:04 > 0:26:06'But first, let's give him some of this.'
0:26:07 > 0:26:12Gas and air - it's made up of a mixture of oxygen and nitrous oxide.
0:26:12 > 0:26:16As you breathe it in, the gas numbs the pain receptors in your brain,
0:26:16 > 0:26:17meaning things hurt less,
0:26:17 > 0:26:19and gives you a laugh along the way.
0:26:19 > 0:26:21Have you got the giggles?
0:26:21 > 0:26:22RIO AND SIMON LAUGH
0:26:22 > 0:26:26With Rio looking nice and relaxed, Professor Simon can get to work.
0:26:26 > 0:26:29Now, if you're squeamish, get ready to look away
0:26:29 > 0:26:31because we're going to release the pus!
0:26:31 > 0:26:35And look away now. OK, here we go.
0:26:35 > 0:26:36And he's in!
0:26:36 > 0:26:38Eugh! There goes some pus.
0:26:38 > 0:26:40OK, all clear.
0:26:40 > 0:26:44This might all seem a bit grim, but if Rio's abscess was left untreated
0:26:44 > 0:26:47it could get worse and worse, and could burst
0:26:47 > 0:26:49or even damage the bone.
0:26:49 > 0:26:54So what we've got there is all that pus that was trapped.
0:26:54 > 0:26:57And now it's out, Professor Simon removes that infected skin.
0:26:57 > 0:27:01All that badness now, which was underneath here, is out
0:27:01 > 0:27:04so all we do now is give that a clean, put a dressing on it
0:27:04 > 0:27:06and it will heal up really nicely.
0:27:06 > 0:27:09Rio, are you better?
0:27:09 > 0:27:10- Not yet.- You better?
0:27:10 > 0:27:13- Not yet.- He said, "Not yet," Reggie!
0:27:13 > 0:27:16But one rather large bandage later, and he's on his way home.
0:27:16 > 0:27:20And what's the moral of the story? I can't quite put my finger on it!
0:27:20 > 0:27:22Oh, dear. Rio?
0:27:22 > 0:27:26Don't pick your nails or your fingers.
0:27:26 > 0:27:27Bingo.
0:27:27 > 0:27:30- Bye-bye.- Yep, bye.
0:27:30 > 0:27:32Time to go, Rio.
0:27:33 > 0:27:35Next time...
0:27:35 > 0:27:38find out what this man can do with a hot water bottle.
0:27:38 > 0:27:41Chris tests out his surgical skills.
0:27:41 > 0:27:45And we take a journey through my guts with a special camera pill.
0:27:45 > 0:27:48This is like tomorrow's poo in here.
0:27:48 > 0:27:51So we'll see you next time on Operation Ouch!
0:28:05 > 0:28:08Subtitles by Red Bee Media Ltd