0:00:20 > 0:00:21Operation Ouch!
0:00:23 > 0:00:25He's Dr Chris.
0:00:25 > 0:00:27And he's Dr Xand.
0:00:27 > 0:00:29And yes, we're twins!
0:00:30 > 0:00:33Do you know how brilliant your body really is?
0:00:33 > 0:00:35My finger's got yellow pus in it.
0:00:35 > 0:00:37Well, we're going to show you.
0:00:37 > 0:00:39Yay!
0:00:39 > 0:00:42In this series, we'll be pushing our bodies to their limits.
0:00:42 > 0:00:43I like the sound of this!
0:00:43 > 0:00:46By doing extraordinary experiments on each other.
0:00:46 > 0:00:48This is my sick.
0:00:48 > 0:00:50To uncover what goes on inside.
0:00:50 > 0:00:52Uh!
0:00:52 > 0:00:53And out.
0:00:53 > 0:00:55Wow, that's amazing.
0:00:55 > 0:00:57From the bizarre...
0:00:57 > 0:00:58To the incredible.
0:00:58 > 0:01:00So, now I'm seeing things.
0:01:00 > 0:01:02It's time to find out what you're made of.
0:01:02 > 0:01:05Chris? Chris! Chris!
0:01:07 > 0:01:08Coming up...
0:01:08 > 0:01:10On Operation Ouch!
0:01:12 > 0:01:16Open wide as we see what it takes to straighten your teeth.
0:01:16 > 0:01:18She's not very talkative.
0:01:18 > 0:01:21Find out what me listening to music has to do with this.
0:01:22 > 0:01:26And we're mixing up a treat to show you how your stomach works.
0:01:26 > 0:01:29Looks disgusting!
0:01:29 > 0:01:31Operation Ouch!
0:01:31 > 0:01:34Each year, over 18 million incidents mean people end up
0:01:34 > 0:01:36in Accident and Emergency.
0:01:36 > 0:01:38Let's see how the team fix our first patient.
0:01:41 > 0:01:44In Sheffield, eight-year-old Mason is in with what appears to be
0:01:44 > 0:01:48a broken arm, but he's no stranger to broken bones.
0:01:48 > 0:01:52I've broke one of my arms twice and the other once,
0:01:52 > 0:01:58and I've broke both legs, so this is my fourth arm break now.
0:01:58 > 0:02:01You might be thinking Mason must be the most accident-prone boy around,
0:02:01 > 0:02:06but in fact, there's a good reason why he's broken so many bones.
0:02:06 > 0:02:11I've got a bone problem called polyostotic fibrous... dysplasia.
0:02:11 > 0:02:13It's a tongue twister, that.
0:02:13 > 0:02:15Certainly is!
0:02:15 > 0:02:18It means my bones can break really easily.
0:02:18 > 0:02:21So, how did he manage to break his arm this time?
0:02:22 > 0:02:25Well, Mason was on his way home from school.
0:02:25 > 0:02:29He set off down the hill, as usual, minding his own business, as usual,
0:02:29 > 0:02:32but he was distracted and didn't notice that the kerb
0:02:32 > 0:02:34on the pavement was really high.
0:02:36 > 0:02:37High like a mountain?
0:02:37 > 0:02:41No, Xand, that would be ridiculous - it's a normal street.
0:02:41 > 0:02:45Anyway, as I said, he was distracted and he went to step up,
0:02:45 > 0:02:47he had a momentary lapse of concentration...
0:02:47 > 0:02:50Whoa! I'm not surprised!
0:02:50 > 0:02:52Did you just see what I just saw?
0:02:52 > 0:02:55But before he knew it, he flew forward and landed smash
0:02:55 > 0:02:57right on his elbow.
0:02:57 > 0:02:59Ouch!
0:02:59 > 0:03:03Now Mason's off to X-ray to find out exactly what's going on.
0:03:03 > 0:03:08The bone condition Mason has is called fibrous dysplasia, and
0:03:08 > 0:03:11it means that areas of his bones which should be hard are
0:03:11 > 0:03:14actually soft, meaning they can break more easily.
0:03:14 > 0:03:18And there's no denying Mason's got a bad break there.
0:03:18 > 0:03:22Over to another Dr Chris, Dr Christopher Beaves.
0:03:22 > 0:03:25Your X-ray shows you've got a fracture at the bottom
0:03:25 > 0:03:27of your humerus, which is your long bone here.
0:03:27 > 0:03:30What we need to do now is put a cast on it to hold your arm in that
0:03:30 > 0:03:33position, and hopefully a lot less painful for you.
0:03:33 > 0:03:36The cast will stop the broken bone moving, but Mason will need
0:03:36 > 0:03:41an operation in the next few days to properly fix his arm.
0:03:41 > 0:03:44Putting a cast on with such a bad break can be painful.
0:03:44 > 0:03:47But don't worry, the nurse has got tricks up her sleeve.
0:03:47 > 0:03:49So, we're going to give you some medicine, sweetheart,
0:03:49 > 0:03:53- that you just have to squirt up your nose.- Ngh!
0:03:53 > 0:03:58After some painkillers squirted up his nose, there's some laughing gas!
0:03:58 > 0:04:02And take some good breaths. Perfect.
0:04:02 > 0:04:07As you breathe laughing gas in, it numbs the pain receptors in
0:04:07 > 0:04:09your brain so that you can't feel a thing!
0:04:09 > 0:04:11CHATTERING
0:04:11 > 0:04:14Making things hurt a lot less and giving you a giggle along the way!
0:04:14 > 0:04:16GIGGLING
0:04:16 > 0:04:19And it's not called laughing gas for no reason.
0:04:19 > 0:04:20LAUGHTER
0:04:20 > 0:04:25It seems to be contagious and can turn you into a stand-up comedian -
0:04:25 > 0:04:27or a lie-down one, anyway.
0:04:27 > 0:04:30- What's a hedgehog's favourite food? - What's a hedgehog's favourite food?
0:04:30 > 0:04:32Prickled onions.
0:04:32 > 0:04:33LAUGHTER
0:04:33 > 0:04:35Prickled onions. Oh, dear, Mason!
0:04:35 > 0:04:38But the show's over. And with the cast on, Mason can go home
0:04:38 > 0:04:40until his operation.
0:04:40 > 0:04:42We'll be back later to find out how he gets on.
0:04:45 > 0:04:46And now to our lab.
0:04:46 > 0:04:47Ah!
0:04:47 > 0:04:51Where we do incredible experiments to show you how your body works.
0:04:52 > 0:04:53So, watch this!
0:04:53 > 0:04:56Just don't try anything you see here at home.
0:04:56 > 0:04:59Now, this is a real stomach, but it's not my stomach.
0:04:59 > 0:05:01Whose stomach is it?
0:05:01 > 0:05:03Well, actually, it's a sheep's stomach,
0:05:03 > 0:05:04but it's very similar to ours.
0:05:04 > 0:05:07Now, your stomach is an amazing, shrinking, stretching,
0:05:07 > 0:05:09- cleaning machine. - That's right.
0:05:09 > 0:05:13After you've eaten food, it goes down into your stomach, which then
0:05:13 > 0:05:16mashes it up and cleans it to get rid of any bugs that might be there.
0:05:16 > 0:05:19Another amazing thing your stomach can do is expand
0:05:19 > 0:05:20according to the food you've eaten.
0:05:20 > 0:05:23So, if you have a small snack then it'll stay small,
0:05:23 > 0:05:27but if you eat a big meal then it'll get much bigger.
0:05:27 > 0:05:29And we're going to show you just how much bigger it can get.
0:05:29 > 0:05:33First, we're going to make a meal of fish fingers, chips and peas.
0:05:33 > 0:05:35Yum!
0:05:35 > 0:05:38Now we're going to mix it all up in the liquidiser, just like your
0:05:38 > 0:05:40teeth mash up food when they chew it.
0:05:41 > 0:05:45And there we go, a nice big jug of fish-finger smoothie.
0:05:45 > 0:05:48Now we need to pour the mixture into the hole at the top, where the
0:05:48 > 0:05:51food from your mouth goes down into your stomach.
0:05:51 > 0:05:53We've closed up the hole at the bottom too.
0:05:53 > 0:05:56This is where the food would leave your stomach to go into your
0:05:56 > 0:05:57intestines to be absorbed.
0:05:57 > 0:05:59And when you eat, you often, along with your food,
0:05:59 > 0:06:02swallow some air and when your stomach squeezes, that air
0:06:02 > 0:06:06gets forced back up your food pipe and comes out as a burp.
0:06:06 > 0:06:08- XAND BURPS - Sorry, Chris.
0:06:08 > 0:06:10When you get wind at the other end, it's
0:06:10 > 0:06:12because gas has been produced in your large intestine...
0:06:12 > 0:06:15Don't even think about it - just keep pouring.
0:06:15 > 0:06:18That has got much bigger, hasn't it?
0:06:18 > 0:06:21Your stomach expands depending on how much you've eaten, but an
0:06:21 > 0:06:24adult's stomach can actually swell up to ten times its own size.
0:06:26 > 0:06:28But that's not all.
0:06:28 > 0:06:31In your stomach you've got a very powerful acid.
0:06:31 > 0:06:34It's so strong it kills bacteria and can even change some of your
0:06:34 > 0:06:36food to make it more digestible!
0:06:36 > 0:06:39You see, when you get hungry and your tummy rumbles, that's
0:06:39 > 0:06:43your stomach producing the acid in preparation for the incoming food.
0:06:43 > 0:06:47In your stomach are parietal cells and they make the acid.
0:06:47 > 0:06:50So, we're going to show you right now how the acid works.
0:06:50 > 0:06:51This is my sick.
0:06:51 > 0:06:54It's a mixture of food and acid, so I'm going to sieve the food out
0:06:54 > 0:06:56and we'll just be left with the acid.
0:06:56 > 0:06:59- You love doing this, don't you? - Yes, I do.
0:06:59 > 0:07:03So, if I sieve out the chunky bits of food, I'm left with just my
0:07:03 > 0:07:04stomach acid.
0:07:04 > 0:07:07Then I'll add some of this acid to milk and watch what happens.
0:07:09 > 0:07:13- If I stir that, can you see that? - Urgh, that's disgusting!
0:07:13 > 0:07:16So, the milk has gone chunky, and that's because the acid has
0:07:16 > 0:07:19made the protein in the milk all clumped together.
0:07:19 > 0:07:20It's called curdling.
0:07:20 > 0:07:23It's what happens in your stomach every time you drink a milkshake.
0:07:23 > 0:07:25Oh, I like milkshake!
0:07:25 > 0:07:28Your stomach acid does this to milk to stop it flowing through
0:07:28 > 0:07:29your body too quickly.
0:07:29 > 0:07:33It needs to absorb all the proteins from those crumbly lumps.
0:07:33 > 0:07:36So, this acid is clearly very strong stuff,
0:07:36 > 0:07:38so why doesn't it dissolve our gut?
0:07:38 > 0:07:41In your stomach you've got a layer of thick, protective mucus,
0:07:41 > 0:07:45but the rest of your gut secretes a chemical called bicarbonate,
0:07:45 > 0:07:46which neutralises the acid.
0:07:46 > 0:07:48So, when you're having your tea tonight,
0:07:48 > 0:07:51just remember how brilliant your stomach is.
0:07:51 > 0:07:52Oh, tea! What are we having for tea?
0:07:52 > 0:07:54Xand, you're always thinking of your stomach.
0:07:58 > 0:08:01The living room! A very important part of the home.
0:08:01 > 0:08:05There's a relaxing sofa you can put your bottom on.
0:08:05 > 0:08:08There's a window you can... look through.
0:08:11 > 0:08:14And a games console you can play your favourite games on!
0:08:14 > 0:08:18But playing on a games console can lead to danger!
0:08:18 > 0:08:19Argh!
0:08:21 > 0:08:24You could accidentally poke someone in the eye with the controller!
0:08:24 > 0:08:26Argh! Argh!
0:08:26 > 0:08:29You could trip over a wire and fall in a strange position.
0:08:29 > 0:08:32Wah! Ooh!
0:08:32 > 0:08:35Or I could get over-excited thrashing Xand
0:08:35 > 0:08:37and end up with a bout of severe hiccups.
0:08:37 > 0:08:39Yay!
0:08:39 > 0:08:41CHRIS HICCUPS XAND LAUGHS
0:08:41 > 0:08:43It's not very likely, though!
0:08:43 > 0:08:46- The hiccups? - No, thrashing me! Right, game on!
0:08:46 > 0:08:49FOOTBALL MATCH SOUNDS
0:08:49 > 0:08:53He shoots! He scores! He celebrates!
0:08:53 > 0:08:57Ow, a carpet burn! I've got a minor injury.
0:08:57 > 0:08:59DRAMATIC MUSIC
0:09:01 > 0:09:04So, how should you treat a carpet burn?
0:09:20 > 0:09:22The answer is B.
0:09:22 > 0:09:27So, if you get a carpet burn, run it under cold water for ten minutes.
0:09:27 > 0:09:31There you go, much better. Want to play again?
0:09:31 > 0:09:32Yes, but first...
0:09:35 > 0:09:39Ha! Nothing will stop me this time!
0:09:40 > 0:09:44So, if you get a carpet burn run it under cold water for at least
0:09:44 > 0:09:48ten minutes, and if you're worried tell an adult.
0:09:48 > 0:09:49Ouch!
0:09:51 > 0:09:54We've got some incredible body tricks for you to show your friends.
0:09:54 > 0:09:58Now, the next one might get you all feeling a little sleepy.
0:09:59 > 0:10:02We're conducting a little experiment.
0:10:03 > 0:10:07CLOCK TICKS
0:10:11 > 0:10:13We're going to yawn...
0:10:13 > 0:10:16Ah! And just look what happens.
0:10:17 > 0:10:18That's one!
0:10:20 > 0:10:22Two! She's trying not to.
0:10:22 > 0:10:23Ah!
0:10:23 > 0:10:26Oh, he's yawning again! Four.
0:10:26 > 0:10:27Five.
0:10:27 > 0:10:30Got you! Six, seven, eight! Triple whammy!
0:10:30 > 0:10:31Are you yawning at home?
0:10:31 > 0:10:34It's a yawn-a-rama! Is this boring?
0:10:34 > 0:10:35Hands up if you yawned.
0:10:35 > 0:10:37- CHILD:- Me.
0:10:37 > 0:10:39So when we yawned, they yawned.
0:10:39 > 0:10:42Who thinks they've got a good explanation about why they yawned?
0:10:42 > 0:10:45I think yawning is a contagious disease,
0:10:45 > 0:10:48because when one person does it, another person does it,
0:10:48 > 0:10:51then another person does it and it just keeps on going.
0:10:51 > 0:10:53That's a good theory, Juliano.
0:10:53 > 0:10:56We see someone looking tired and we think,
0:10:56 > 0:10:59"I must be tired because they look tired."
0:10:59 > 0:11:00Another good theory, Charlie.
0:11:00 > 0:11:03So we've got all sorts of different explanations.
0:11:03 > 0:11:06And the really disappointing thing is that scientists
0:11:06 > 0:11:09and doctors don't know why we yawn. How about that?
0:11:09 > 0:11:10XAND LAUGHS
0:11:10 > 0:11:13You look really cheated like, "What? What?!"
0:11:13 > 0:11:14Well, it's true!
0:11:14 > 0:11:17The human body is an amazing thing, but sometimes doctors like us
0:11:17 > 0:11:19just don't know why things happen.
0:11:22 > 0:11:25Some experts think that yawning may have developed as a means of
0:11:25 > 0:11:28communication, telling everyone that you're tired, just like
0:11:28 > 0:11:29Charlie suggested.
0:11:31 > 0:11:34Or some think that when you're bored or tired a big yawn will help
0:11:34 > 0:11:38you take in more oxygen, keeping you alert and awake.
0:11:38 > 0:11:41Whatever the reason, make sure you try this out on your mates.
0:11:41 > 0:11:45But don't do it when you're in class - you might get in trouble.
0:11:45 > 0:11:47XAND LAUGHS
0:11:47 > 0:11:49Ouch!
0:11:49 > 0:11:52Mason came in earlier with a broken arm.
0:11:52 > 0:11:53Let's see how he's getting on.
0:11:55 > 0:11:58Back in Accident and Emergency, eight-year-old Mason is
0:11:58 > 0:12:00waiting for surgery on his broken arm.
0:12:02 > 0:12:05He'd been walking home from school as usual when he went to step
0:12:05 > 0:12:06up a big kerb.
0:12:06 > 0:12:10But just as he lifted his leg, a momentary lapse of concentration
0:12:10 > 0:12:13caused him to trip and he fell smack onto his elbow.
0:12:14 > 0:12:18Got my gown on, so it means it shouldn't be too long
0:12:18 > 0:12:20until we're going down to theatre.
0:12:22 > 0:12:23And it's not long!
0:12:24 > 0:12:28Mason has a general anaesthetic so that he won't feel a thing.
0:12:31 > 0:12:33Over to surgeon Mr James Fernandes.
0:12:34 > 0:12:37He's got a plan to put metal pins inside Mason's bone, that
0:12:37 > 0:12:40will not only help the break heal but will also protect the
0:12:40 > 0:12:42weak bone from breaking again.
0:12:44 > 0:12:48So, with Mason fast asleep, it's time to get to work.
0:12:48 > 0:12:51First things first, a hole is made near to Mason's elbow for the
0:12:51 > 0:12:53first pin to go in.
0:12:53 > 0:12:57The metal pins the surgeon is using are flexible, so they can be
0:12:57 > 0:12:59pushed through the centre of the bone.
0:13:00 > 0:13:03This might look painful, but Mason is totally unconscious and
0:13:03 > 0:13:05can't feel anything.
0:13:05 > 0:13:08The first pin is already in. Here comes number two!
0:13:08 > 0:13:11With both pins in place, the ends are cut off and the surgeon
0:13:11 > 0:13:14checks the elbow joint can still move normally.
0:13:14 > 0:13:17A few stitches and the operation's all over.
0:13:17 > 0:13:20But these pins will stay inside Mason's arm to keep the bone
0:13:20 > 0:13:23strong in the future and, as he grows, they will expand too.
0:13:26 > 0:13:29Once he's come round from the anaesthetic, Mason's off to
0:13:29 > 0:13:32- pick his new cast. - Blue, red or black?
0:13:32 > 0:13:34As long as it's not pink or purple.
0:13:34 > 0:13:37I was going to say, you don't mind I might put pink on!
0:13:37 > 0:13:38Black it is, then!
0:13:38 > 0:13:42It'll take around six weeks for Mason's bone to heal fully.
0:13:42 > 0:13:45But, strapped up nicely and he's on his way home.
0:13:46 > 0:13:48Nice work, Mason. Bye!
0:13:50 > 0:13:51Still to come...
0:13:51 > 0:13:53We're blinging it up with braces.
0:13:53 > 0:13:56So, are you going to have the best braces in school?
0:13:56 > 0:13:57Yeah.
0:13:57 > 0:13:59This boy needs a hole fixing...
0:13:59 > 0:14:02and we prove that the younger you are, the more you can hear.
0:14:02 > 0:14:04Loser, loser, loser!
0:14:05 > 0:14:09Did you know that an adult's teeth are longer than your teeth?
0:14:09 > 0:14:12That's because as you get older, your gums shrink.
0:14:12 > 0:14:15So, grab a grown-up and measure their teeth.
0:14:15 > 0:14:16Ouch!
0:14:18 > 0:14:21Your body can need mending in all sorts of ways.
0:14:21 > 0:14:22SHE LAUGHS
0:14:22 > 0:14:25And today, we're going to meet Yasmin and Ryan, who are both
0:14:25 > 0:14:27having their teeth fixed.
0:14:27 > 0:14:29If you've got all your adult teeth you should be able to
0:14:29 > 0:14:32count 28 of them and that's it for the rest of your life,
0:14:32 > 0:14:36except for a few sneaky wisdom teeth that might come through later on.
0:14:36 > 0:14:38But often, when your adult teeth have come through,
0:14:38 > 0:14:41they need a bit of help getting straight.
0:14:41 > 0:14:44It's a dentist's job to make sure they're all in the right place
0:14:44 > 0:14:46and that your teeth and jaw work correctly
0:14:46 > 0:14:48and give you a winning smile.
0:14:48 > 0:14:51So love 'em or hate 'em, dentists are here to help you!
0:14:53 > 0:14:56Dentists can move the position of teeth with a brace, and
0:14:56 > 0:14:58Yasmin here is having her braces fitted today and they're a
0:14:58 > 0:15:02very cool fashion statement at Yasmin's school.
0:15:02 > 0:15:04So, the other kids actually want to have braces?
0:15:04 > 0:15:07They look like kind of cool and you can get different colours.
0:15:07 > 0:15:10So, are you going to have the best braces in school?
0:15:10 > 0:15:11Yeah.
0:15:11 > 0:15:16Making Yasmin look cool today is consultant orthodontist Vikki Elton.
0:15:16 > 0:15:17So, what's Yasmin going to have done?
0:15:17 > 0:15:20Yasmin's already got a removable brace at the top of her mouth,
0:15:20 > 0:15:23- which is moving her bite slightly. - Yeah.
0:15:23 > 0:15:27And today we're going to put a fixed brace on her bottom teeth.
0:15:27 > 0:15:30At the moment, Yasmin's teeth don't bite together correctly.
0:15:30 > 0:15:33The new brace will not only straighten her teeth, it'll
0:15:33 > 0:15:36make her teeth fit together nicely when she bites and avoid her
0:15:36 > 0:15:38getting jaw pain as she gets older.
0:15:38 > 0:15:41So, it's time to fit the new brace!
0:15:41 > 0:15:45First, Vikki glues the brackets onto which the wire will be attached.
0:15:45 > 0:15:47- You all right there, Yasmin? - Yeah.- What's that?
0:15:47 > 0:15:49- Yeah.- She's not very talkative.
0:15:49 > 0:15:53Right, that's all done so next we're going to get the wires in.
0:15:53 > 0:15:56And it's the wires that pull all of the teeth into place.
0:15:56 > 0:16:00Now Yasmin gets to personalise her brace by choosing some colours.
0:16:00 > 0:16:04Please can I have light pink and teal?
0:16:04 > 0:16:06Nice choice!
0:16:06 > 0:16:08So, we're going to attach little elastics now.
0:16:08 > 0:16:11Not only are these decorative, they are really important.
0:16:11 > 0:16:13So, can you see that the little elastics are holding the wire
0:16:13 > 0:16:15firmly into place in each bracket?
0:16:15 > 0:16:18Yasmin, you've chose the perfect colours. You look great.
0:16:18 > 0:16:20So that's Yasmin's new brace fitted.
0:16:20 > 0:16:23In a few months her teeth will be straight and, most importantly,
0:16:23 > 0:16:25she'll have a better bite.
0:16:25 > 0:16:27- What does she think? - I like it!
0:16:27 > 0:16:30You did very well with that colour choice.
0:16:30 > 0:16:31HE LAUGHS
0:16:31 > 0:16:34So, your second set of teeth, or adult teeth, can come through
0:16:34 > 0:16:37all higgledy-piggledy and need straightening out.
0:16:37 > 0:16:40But occasionally doctors actually need to create space
0:16:40 > 0:16:42so the teeth can come through in the right position,
0:16:42 > 0:16:45and that means some teeth have to come out!
0:16:47 > 0:16:50This is Ryan, and although it looks like he's got no front teeth
0:16:50 > 0:16:52he's actually got two sets!
0:16:53 > 0:16:55This is his X-ray.
0:16:55 > 0:16:58Ryan's lost all his milk teeth and all his adult teeth are in
0:16:58 > 0:17:00place, except for the front two.
0:17:00 > 0:17:03See that gap? Now look above.
0:17:03 > 0:17:05There are his adult front teeth!
0:17:05 > 0:17:09But they're being blocked from growing down by two more teeth!
0:17:09 > 0:17:12So, what are they going to do in the operation?
0:17:12 > 0:17:14They're going to take the two teeth out from behind
0:17:14 > 0:17:17so that the first ones can come through, and then after that
0:17:17 > 0:17:21they're going to stitch the gum back up so it can heal.
0:17:21 > 0:17:23So the two extra teeth are going to be removed.
0:17:23 > 0:17:26- Will he put them under his pillow? - Too old for it.
0:17:26 > 0:17:28You're too old for it? I tell you what, give 'em to me
0:17:28 > 0:17:31and I'll put them under my pillow and we can split the money.
0:17:31 > 0:17:33BOTH CHUCKLE
0:17:33 > 0:17:38And no, this isn't the tooth fairy, it's oral surgeon Mr Erik Andresen.
0:17:38 > 0:17:41Ryan won't feel a thing during the surgery and that's his mouth
0:17:41 > 0:17:45right there and both sets of teeth are in his gums.
0:17:45 > 0:17:49There and there is where the teeth are going to come through.
0:17:49 > 0:17:52It might look icky, but the surgeon needs to make room for Ryan's
0:17:52 > 0:17:55adult teeth by removing the two extra teeth.
0:17:55 > 0:17:57So, we're only a few minutes into the operation
0:17:57 > 0:18:00but we can already see Ryan's adult teeth up there.
0:18:00 > 0:18:03They're fully formed, they're just not in the right place.
0:18:03 > 0:18:06Having his adult teeth in the right position will mean Ryan can
0:18:06 > 0:18:09finally bite into hard foods like apples, but it will also mean
0:18:09 > 0:18:11he's much less likely to get an infection.
0:18:11 > 0:18:14If you're squeamish, look away.
0:18:14 > 0:18:18But with his spare set removed, now Ryan has enough space for his
0:18:18 > 0:18:19adult teeth to come through.
0:18:22 > 0:18:24I actually saw your teeth being taken out
0:18:24 > 0:18:26and I took a photo of the little teeth.
0:18:26 > 0:18:29- Do you want to see it?- Yeah. - That is them there.
0:18:29 > 0:18:32Is that what you thought they'd look like?
0:18:32 > 0:18:34- No.- Thought they'd be smaller?- Yeah.
0:18:34 > 0:18:36So remember, if you have to have your teeth worked on,
0:18:36 > 0:18:39it's all for the good and you'll get an amazing smile.
0:18:39 > 0:18:40I might keep hold of these.
0:18:40 > 0:18:43The tooth fairy will be paying out tonight!
0:18:43 > 0:18:45CASH REGISTER CHINGS
0:18:45 > 0:18:47Ouch!
0:18:47 > 0:18:49Your body is brilliant!
0:18:49 > 0:18:52It can even repair itself if you get injured.
0:18:52 > 0:18:54As this next boy will show you.
0:18:54 > 0:18:57# If there's a bone to break he'll break it
0:18:57 > 0:19:00# If there's a knee to graze he'll graze it
0:19:00 > 0:19:02# If there's an ankle to sprain he'll sprain it... #
0:19:02 > 0:19:03Argh!
0:19:03 > 0:19:05# He's the unluckiest kid. #
0:19:08 > 0:19:11New shoes that rub can make your skin red and sore and can
0:19:11 > 0:19:15sometimes cause a blister, so what's going on?
0:19:15 > 0:19:18Your blood vessels deliver a fluid called plasma to the top
0:19:18 > 0:19:20layers of your skin.
0:19:20 > 0:19:23This makes the area swell and a blister springs up.
0:19:23 > 0:19:25It protects the scene from germs.
0:19:25 > 0:19:29New cells make their way to the top, replacing damaged ones.
0:19:29 > 0:19:33As new skin grows, the plasma fluid is reabsorbed back into the
0:19:33 > 0:19:37body and your blister deflates, drying up until it disappears.
0:19:37 > 0:19:40But to help prevent blisters, make sure there are no wrinkles in
0:19:40 > 0:19:42your socks and your shoes fit properly.
0:19:44 > 0:19:45Oh, dear!
0:19:45 > 0:19:48# He's the unluckiest kid. #
0:19:49 > 0:19:52IT'S TIME FOR INVESTIGATION OUCH!
0:19:52 > 0:19:53Pardon?
0:19:53 > 0:19:55IT'S TIME FOR INVESTIGATION OUCH!
0:20:00 > 0:20:02Can you guess what this is?
0:20:02 > 0:20:05Any ideas? Let's take a closer look.
0:20:06 > 0:20:10Well, it's a real close-up of something inside your body.
0:20:10 > 0:20:13It's the inside of your ear and those little orange brush
0:20:13 > 0:20:16things are hairs that enable you to hear.
0:20:16 > 0:20:19They're not normally orange, they've been coloured so you can see
0:20:19 > 0:20:20them more clearly.
0:20:22 > 0:20:26This is the bit of the ear you can see, the outer ear.
0:20:26 > 0:20:29Sound vibrations come in this way before ending up in the inner ear.
0:20:29 > 0:20:33Here, they push past little hairs on the cochlea, causing them to
0:20:33 > 0:20:36move and this transmits sound information to the brain.
0:20:36 > 0:20:39The louder the sound, the more the hairs bend.
0:20:42 > 0:20:45We're always plugged into our MP3 players, aren't we?
0:20:45 > 0:20:47Over 90% of us use them.
0:20:47 > 0:20:50But what happens when we have the music up too loud or
0:20:50 > 0:20:53we listen for too long? I'm about to find out.
0:20:54 > 0:20:57This is Professor Chris Plack, head of research
0:20:57 > 0:20:59in the audiology department - that's hearing -
0:20:59 > 0:21:00at Manchester University.
0:21:00 > 0:21:02So, how do we damage our cochlea?
0:21:02 > 0:21:05Well, the hair cells inside the cochlea are very,
0:21:05 > 0:21:08very delicate, so if you're listening to loud noise
0:21:08 > 0:21:11then these can be blown around and disrupted.
0:21:11 > 0:21:14That's why it's important to protect your ears.
0:21:14 > 0:21:16But as you get older, the hairs naturally degrade and don't
0:21:16 > 0:21:18work as well.
0:21:18 > 0:21:20Take a look at this.
0:21:20 > 0:21:22Remember those little hearing cells that looked like hairs?
0:21:22 > 0:21:26Well, this is what they look like in a young person's cochlea.
0:21:26 > 0:21:29Now compare it to an older person's cochlea.
0:21:29 > 0:21:32See how some of the hairs look scraggy and some have fallen over?
0:21:32 > 0:21:36This is natural damage that happens as you get older and it's why
0:21:36 > 0:21:39you might have to speak a bit louder for your nan or grandad.
0:21:39 > 0:21:42Now, sometimes older people don't hear as well as younger people.
0:21:42 > 0:21:45Is that because of a lifetime of accumulated damage?
0:21:45 > 0:21:48The ear contains something like a battery that helps the
0:21:48 > 0:21:53hair cells convert the sound vibrations into electrical impulses,
0:21:53 > 0:21:55and as you get older it becomes weaker and weaker
0:21:55 > 0:21:59and so you can't transmit sounds as effectively to the brain.
0:21:59 > 0:22:02Now, we're about to do a brilliant sound test that you may be
0:22:02 > 0:22:03able to try out yourself.
0:22:03 > 0:22:06But make sure your pets are out of the room, because they can be
0:22:06 > 0:22:08very sensitive to high-frequency sounds.
0:22:08 > 0:22:12Also, you may not hear some of the tones depending on what TV you have
0:22:12 > 0:22:16and it may not work on some tablets or phones, but give it a go anyway.
0:22:16 > 0:22:19I'm going to show you how hearing changes as you get older, and to do
0:22:19 > 0:22:21this I'm going to need a very
0:22:21 > 0:22:24technical piece of laboratory equipment.
0:22:24 > 0:22:27This is Ocean and he's seven years old and I'm going to
0:22:27 > 0:22:30go head-to-head with him to find out if my hearing is better than his.
0:22:30 > 0:22:32It won't be.
0:22:32 > 0:22:34Don't be so sure, young man!
0:22:35 > 0:22:37Sound frequency is measured in hertz.
0:22:37 > 0:22:41A low-frequency noise of around 400 hertz sounds like this...
0:22:41 > 0:22:43LOW TONE
0:22:43 > 0:22:46..and, as you increase the frequency, the sound gets higher.
0:22:46 > 0:22:48This is 1,000 hertz...
0:22:48 > 0:22:49HIGH TONE
0:22:49 > 0:22:52Go higher still and eventually you can't hear it!
0:22:53 > 0:22:57So, right now go and get a grown-up, especially one who's a bit older,
0:22:57 > 0:23:00maybe your granny or grandad, and see if they can play along.
0:23:00 > 0:23:03You're going to lose.
0:23:03 > 0:23:05So, get ready for the first sound.
0:23:05 > 0:23:07If you hear it, put your thumbs up.
0:23:08 > 0:23:09HIGH TONE
0:23:10 > 0:23:12Ocean can and so can I. Yay!
0:23:14 > 0:23:15So, we can both hear a sound at
0:23:15 > 0:23:178,000 hertz.
0:23:17 > 0:23:18Could you? Next.
0:23:19 > 0:23:21HIGHER TONE
0:23:21 > 0:23:22Ocean's good and me too.
0:23:22 > 0:23:23A double tick.
0:23:23 > 0:23:25That was pretty high.
0:23:25 > 0:23:26How did you do at home?
0:23:26 > 0:23:27Next!
0:23:30 > 0:23:31There was no sound.
0:23:31 > 0:23:33There was.
0:23:33 > 0:23:34There was no sound.
0:23:34 > 0:23:36There was! Didn't you hear anything?
0:23:36 > 0:23:39Another thumbs up from Ocean but I can't hear a thing!
0:23:39 > 0:23:41So, Ocean's one ahead.
0:23:41 > 0:23:43Did you hear it?
0:23:43 > 0:23:46If so, I can officially declare you are still a child!
0:23:46 > 0:23:48Next!
0:23:51 > 0:23:52I heard that.
0:23:54 > 0:23:57No bother for Ocean, but thumbs down for me.
0:23:57 > 0:23:58How did you get on?
0:23:58 > 0:24:01Don't worry at home, grandad - you can always blame the telly.
0:24:01 > 0:24:04Well, you only beat me by 4,000 hertz!
0:24:04 > 0:24:05Still won!
0:24:05 > 0:24:08Loser, loser, loser! How does that make you feel?
0:24:08 > 0:24:09Makes me feel old!
0:24:11 > 0:24:14So, the delicate hair cells in your cochlea enable your brain
0:24:14 > 0:24:18to hear noises. And as you get older, some of them disappear,
0:24:18 > 0:24:20making it harder to hear, but you can protect them.
0:24:20 > 0:24:22So remember,
0:24:22 > 0:24:24if you're going to listen to One Direction, do it at a safe level.
0:24:24 > 0:24:28MUSIC OVER HEADPHONES: "Live While We're Young" by One Direction
0:24:28 > 0:24:30Ouch!
0:24:30 > 0:24:34In Accident and Emergency, the team are ready to fix our next patient!
0:24:34 > 0:24:35Let's meet him!
0:24:36 > 0:24:39In Manchester, seven-year-old Ryan is in hospital with a hole
0:24:39 > 0:24:41in his head.
0:24:41 > 0:24:47I was spinning around on my bike and I feel off it and whopped my head.
0:24:47 > 0:24:50Holy moly, you did! So how on earth did this happen?
0:24:53 > 0:24:55Ryan was on his bike, riding along.
0:24:55 > 0:24:57Oh, dear, no helmet!
0:24:57 > 0:24:59And his brother fancied a ride on it.
0:24:59 > 0:25:01Can I have a go?
0:25:01 > 0:25:03OK.
0:25:03 > 0:25:06So, Ryan span his bike around with a nifty 360-degree turn!
0:25:08 > 0:25:11Only as he was spinning, he fell off!
0:25:13 > 0:25:16He went flying through the air and landed with the handlebar
0:25:16 > 0:25:19smacking him square between the eyes!
0:25:19 > 0:25:20Ouch!
0:25:20 > 0:25:22GASPS AND SIREN BLARES
0:25:22 > 0:25:25- Kind of hurts a bit. - Just a bit? Crikey, you're brave!
0:25:25 > 0:25:28Anyway, let's get that gaping gash seen to.
0:25:30 > 0:25:33Enter Dr Jonathan Taylor.
0:25:33 > 0:25:35How did you fall? Do you remember?
0:25:35 > 0:25:39The handlebar, it didn't have no rubber on it and I whopped my head.
0:25:39 > 0:25:42So has the end of the handlebar gone into your head?
0:25:42 > 0:25:44- Ouch. - That's what I said!
0:25:44 > 0:25:46- Must have hurt a lot. - It did.
0:25:46 > 0:25:48Can you tell me if it's too sore?
0:25:48 > 0:25:51Course not! This is one tough guy we've got here!
0:25:51 > 0:25:55But because he wasn't wearing a helmet he's had a blow to the head.
0:25:55 > 0:25:58Dr Jonathan needs to give Ryan a thorough check over.
0:25:58 > 0:26:01Can I get you to do a few little things with your face?
0:26:01 > 0:26:03Pull some funny faces for me, make sure you...
0:26:03 > 0:26:05- DOCTOR LAUGHS - ..very good.
0:26:05 > 0:26:08Hang on Ryan, the test hasn't started yet.
0:26:08 > 0:26:11I just want to make sure that all his nerves in his face
0:26:11 > 0:26:14are working fine, that he's not got any injuries to them.
0:26:14 > 0:26:16- Can you feel me touching you there? - Mm-hm.
0:26:16 > 0:26:18Also, just making sure that he's sort of obeying commands and stuff
0:26:18 > 0:26:20so he's not had a serious head injury.
0:26:20 > 0:26:23Can I get you to screw your eyes tightly shut? Very good.
0:26:23 > 0:26:25And open them very wide like that, like you're scared.
0:26:25 > 0:26:27Very good!
0:26:27 > 0:26:29Looks like he's had a lucky escape.
0:26:29 > 0:26:32He's very brave in these situations when I've got to take him
0:26:32 > 0:26:34to hospital. Always calm, cool...
0:26:34 > 0:26:37He's been here before? He must be accident-prone!
0:26:37 > 0:26:40Because this is quite near to your eyes, I think
0:26:40 > 0:26:43we might need to put a little stitch in there.
0:26:43 > 0:26:46To make sure Ryan doesn't feel any pain, Dr Nandini Sen arrives
0:26:46 > 0:26:49to give him some laughing gas.
0:26:49 > 0:26:50RYAN AND HIS DAD LAUGH
0:26:50 > 0:26:53And just like Mason earlier, with Ryan giggling away, the doctors
0:26:53 > 0:26:55can get to work.
0:26:56 > 0:26:59First up, they give his wound a good clean.
0:27:00 > 0:27:03And then they inject an anaesthetic to numb the area.
0:27:03 > 0:27:04HE LAUGHS
0:27:04 > 0:27:06And you're laughing! You're not meant to laugh!
0:27:06 > 0:27:08And now the stitching can begin.
0:27:10 > 0:27:14It only takes two stitches to close up Ryan's wound.
0:27:14 > 0:27:16Did that hurt? No?
0:27:17 > 0:27:19Even his cut's smiling!
0:27:19 > 0:27:23And once he's checked out the doctor's handiwork, this
0:27:23 > 0:27:25action hero is ready to go home.
0:27:25 > 0:27:28Yeah, yeah, never mind the muscles, Ryan - on your bike.
0:27:28 > 0:27:30Let's hope we don't see you back here soon.
0:27:30 > 0:27:32Bye!
0:27:32 > 0:27:36Next time on Operation Ouch! I meet someone who fakes wounds for
0:27:36 > 0:27:37a living.
0:27:37 > 0:27:40I'm hoping this is going to be the least painful burn I've ever had.
0:27:40 > 0:27:42This boy's face needs fixing...
0:27:43 > 0:27:45And we meet Dr Dog.
0:27:45 > 0:27:47HE EXPELS AIR
0:27:47 > 0:27:49Smells like doggie snacks.
0:27:49 > 0:27:51Until then, that's all from...
0:27:51 > 0:27:53Operation Ouch!
0:27:53 > 0:27:54SIRENS BLARE
0:28:02 > 0:28:05Subtitles by Red Bee Media Ltd