0:00:23 > 0:00:24He's Dr Chris...
0:00:26 > 0:00:27He's Dr Xand...
0:00:27 > 0:00:29and, yes, we're twins.
0:00:31 > 0:00:34Do you know how brilliant your body really is?
0:00:34 > 0:00:36My finger's got yellow pus in it.
0:00:36 > 0:00:38Well, we're going to show you.
0:00:38 > 0:00:42- Yay!- In this series, we'll be pushing our bodies to their limits.
0:00:42 > 0:00:43I like the sound of this.
0:00:43 > 0:00:46By doing extraordinary experiments on each other.
0:00:46 > 0:00:48This is my sick.
0:00:48 > 0:00:51To uncover what goes on inside...
0:00:51 > 0:00:52Urgh!
0:00:52 > 0:00:54..and out.
0:00:54 > 0:00:55Wow, that's amazing.
0:00:55 > 0:00:56From the bizarre...
0:00:57 > 0:00:59..to the incredible.
0:00:59 > 0:01:00So, now I'm seeing things.
0:01:00 > 0:01:03It's time to find out what you're made of.
0:01:03 > 0:01:05Chris... Chris? Chris!
0:01:07 > 0:01:08Coming up today...
0:01:08 > 0:01:10On Operation Ouch...
0:01:13 > 0:01:16I meet someone who fakes wounds for a living.
0:01:16 > 0:01:19I'm hoping this is going to be the least painful burn I've ever had.
0:01:19 > 0:01:22Max's face needs fixing...
0:01:22 > 0:01:24and we meet Dr Dog.
0:01:24 > 0:01:26- Ha!- It smells like doggy snacks.
0:01:29 > 0:01:31The team from accident and emergency
0:01:31 > 0:01:33is ready for our first patient.
0:01:33 > 0:01:34Let's meet him.
0:01:38 > 0:01:42At Sheffield Children's Hospital, four-year-old Max has come in
0:01:42 > 0:01:44with a peculiarly puffy face.
0:01:44 > 0:01:46I fell down
0:01:46 > 0:01:48and hurt my cheek.
0:01:48 > 0:01:50Yeah, you did.
0:01:50 > 0:01:51So where were you?
0:01:51 > 0:01:53In the living room
0:01:53 > 0:01:55on the wooden floor...
0:01:56 > 0:01:59..near the wooden table.
0:01:59 > 0:02:02- You "wooden't" believe it, would you, Xand?- Hmm.
0:02:02 > 0:02:05So, how on earth did this happen?
0:02:05 > 0:02:08Well, a couple of days ago, Max was at home
0:02:08 > 0:02:10watching his favourite monster film on TV.
0:02:10 > 0:02:13Oh, I love a good monster film.
0:02:13 > 0:02:14Me too.
0:02:14 > 0:02:17Anyway, Max was really getting into the film -
0:02:17 > 0:02:19running about like the monsters...
0:02:22 > 0:02:24..when, all of a sudden, he tripped.
0:02:24 > 0:02:27He flew through the air and landed with a bump on the wooden floor,
0:02:27 > 0:02:30cutting his cheek on the wooden table.
0:02:30 > 0:02:31Ow!
0:02:31 > 0:02:33Yes, and it didn't stop there.
0:02:33 > 0:02:37Over the next couple of days, Max's face swelled up,
0:02:37 > 0:02:40causing his left eye to start closing.
0:02:40 > 0:02:41Ouch.
0:02:43 > 0:02:46So, his mum and nan have brought him straight to hospital.
0:02:46 > 0:02:49His face is very swollen and red.
0:02:51 > 0:02:55Enter Dr Oladayo Oladipo.
0:02:55 > 0:02:58He'll check out our monster-loving friend.
0:02:58 > 0:03:01- Hello, Max, how are you? - I'm not too bad.
0:03:01 > 0:03:02Good, I'm going to examine you now.
0:03:02 > 0:03:05- Is that all right?- Hmm.- OK.
0:03:05 > 0:03:08The doctor needs to give Max a thorough examination
0:03:08 > 0:03:11and make sure he hasn't broken any of his facial bones.
0:03:11 > 0:03:13And there's a bit of...
0:03:13 > 0:03:15swelling around that area.
0:03:15 > 0:03:21It looks like it's infected and is going around the face, OK?
0:03:24 > 0:03:28Max has an infection of his skin called cellulitis.
0:03:28 > 0:03:32It happens when your skin is broken by a cut or insect bite
0:03:32 > 0:03:34and bacteria get in.
0:03:35 > 0:03:38Sometimes the infection stays near the surface,
0:03:38 > 0:03:41but sometimes the bacteria infect the deeper layer,
0:03:41 > 0:03:43like with Max, causing the whole area
0:03:43 > 0:03:45to go red and swell up
0:03:45 > 0:03:47and this is cellulitis.
0:03:49 > 0:03:52Because Max has cellulitis around his eye,
0:03:52 > 0:03:55it could cause bigger problems if it continues to spread.
0:03:56 > 0:03:58With the spread of the infection,
0:03:58 > 0:04:01there's a chance that his brain function will be affected,
0:04:01 > 0:04:04his sight will be affected, his breathing could also be affected.
0:04:04 > 0:04:07So we need to control that infection quite quickly.
0:04:08 > 0:04:11To do this, Max is being given antibiotics
0:04:11 > 0:04:12straight into the veins
0:04:12 > 0:04:15through the back of his hand, and this way
0:04:15 > 0:04:18the medicine works much faster than swallowing tablets.
0:04:19 > 0:04:22He'll have to stay in hospital until the medicine starts to work,
0:04:22 > 0:04:24but he doesn't look too unhappy about it.
0:04:24 > 0:04:27We'll be back later to see how he's getting on.
0:04:31 > 0:04:33- And now to our lab...- Wow!
0:04:33 > 0:04:35..where we do incredible experiments...
0:04:35 > 0:04:37Oh, it's disgusting.
0:04:37 > 0:04:39..to show YOU how your body works.
0:04:39 > 0:04:40So watch this.
0:04:43 > 0:04:46To kick off today's lab, we're using this machine
0:04:46 > 0:04:47to see what's in our breath.
0:04:49 > 0:04:51Your breath has lots of gases in it.
0:04:51 > 0:04:53Some are smelly, like hydrogen sulphide.
0:04:53 > 0:04:56It's made by the bacteria that live in your mouth
0:04:56 > 0:05:00and it's what makes the bad smell when you let one rip.
0:05:00 > 0:05:02When it's mixed with the food and drink you've eaten,
0:05:02 > 0:05:05it can make your breath honk.
0:05:05 > 0:05:07Let's look at Chris' results.
0:05:07 > 0:05:09Chris, you have detectable levels
0:05:09 > 0:05:11of fishy cabbage smell in your breath.
0:05:12 > 0:05:14Not nice. Thanks, Xand.
0:05:14 > 0:05:16But actually your breath can tell you much more
0:05:16 > 0:05:19than what you've had for dinner, as we're going to show you.
0:05:19 > 0:05:21What's going on? Who's this?
0:05:21 > 0:05:24- This is Daisy.- Am I being replaced? What are your qualifications?
0:05:24 > 0:05:26You're not being replaced.
0:05:26 > 0:05:28Daisy's here to help us with today's experiment
0:05:28 > 0:05:31because your breath can reveal a huge amount about you.
0:05:31 > 0:05:33It can be the first sign of many illnesses
0:05:33 > 0:05:36and, like your fingerprints, your breath is unique.
0:05:36 > 0:05:39No-one else has the same breath.
0:05:39 > 0:05:40Haa!
0:05:40 > 0:05:43- It smells like doggy snacks.- No.
0:05:43 > 0:05:46But I did find some lovely biscuits on the floor on the way in.
0:05:46 > 0:05:47- Were they in a bowl?- Yes.
0:05:47 > 0:05:50Did the bowl say "Daisy" on it?
0:05:50 > 0:05:51- Yes.- Oh.
0:05:51 > 0:05:54Now, everyone has bad breath at some point, even Daisy.
0:05:56 > 0:05:59But even if your breath isn't bad, it still has a smell
0:05:59 > 0:06:00and it's the smell
0:06:00 > 0:06:04that contains information about you and your health.
0:06:04 > 0:06:07So, if you have asthma, even though you can't smell asthma,
0:06:07 > 0:06:12your breath will have more nitric oxide in it, which you can detect.
0:06:12 > 0:06:14Or if you have diabetes, your breath may have
0:06:14 > 0:06:17more of a compound called acetone in it.
0:06:17 > 0:06:20It's the same chemical that's in nail varnish remover.
0:06:20 > 0:06:23In fact, there's a whole range of medical conditions
0:06:23 > 0:06:25that can be detected on your breath.
0:06:25 > 0:06:27But not by us, even though we're doctors,
0:06:27 > 0:06:29not by specialist medical researchers,
0:06:29 > 0:06:32not even by complicated equipment.
0:06:32 > 0:06:34That's why Daisy is here.
0:06:35 > 0:06:38She's a specially-trained smell "dogtor".
0:06:40 > 0:06:43Daisy's been trained by Claire to detect serious illnesses,
0:06:43 > 0:06:46like cancer, in a person's breath.
0:06:46 > 0:06:48So, Claire, how does Daisy do it?
0:06:48 > 0:06:51Well, when people are unwell, they smell different,
0:06:51 > 0:06:53so some people have kindly donated
0:06:53 > 0:06:56their breath samples onto this tube.
0:06:56 > 0:06:58So, they breathe in that and then the smelly molecules
0:06:58 > 0:07:00in their breath stick inside this sponge here.
0:07:00 > 0:07:03Absolutely, and then in training,
0:07:03 > 0:07:05we show this sponge to Daisy and we've been able
0:07:05 > 0:07:11to train her to tell us if somebody has a very serious disease.
0:07:11 > 0:07:13Time to see Daisy in action.
0:07:13 > 0:07:15Now, we've laid out three samples of breath
0:07:15 > 0:07:19and one of the samples is from a patient with a serious illness.
0:07:19 > 0:07:22Now, the one from the patient with the illness...
0:07:22 > 0:07:24Chris! You can't say in front of Daisy, she'll hear.
0:07:24 > 0:07:27She's going to find it herself.
0:07:27 > 0:07:29Xand, she's a dog, she doesn't speak English.
0:07:29 > 0:07:30It's sample A.
0:07:31 > 0:07:35Now, Claire, shall we set off Daisy and see if she can find it?
0:07:35 > 0:07:37Daisy. Seek, seek.
0:07:43 > 0:07:46She's done it.
0:07:46 > 0:07:50And unbelievably, it took her just six seconds.
0:07:50 > 0:07:52That's amazing. There was no debate,
0:07:52 > 0:07:55she didn't even have to check one of the samples, she knew.
0:07:55 > 0:07:57As soon as she smelt that odour,
0:07:57 > 0:07:59she sits down and tells us she's found it.
0:07:59 > 0:08:03So, while Daisy is special, she's not actually got
0:08:03 > 0:08:05any more smell receptors than any other dog.
0:08:05 > 0:08:07Take Sooty and Spike here.
0:08:07 > 0:08:09Although they might be better
0:08:09 > 0:08:10at sniffing out where their ball is
0:08:10 > 0:08:13than detecting illness, inside their noses
0:08:13 > 0:08:16they have 220 million smell receptors,
0:08:16 > 0:08:18whereas we only have 5 million.
0:08:18 > 0:08:22And there are other dogs like Daisy who've been trained to sniff out
0:08:22 > 0:08:23different medical conditions.
0:08:23 > 0:08:25So, if someone has diabetes, for instance,
0:08:25 > 0:08:28and they have the wrong level of sugar in their blood,
0:08:28 > 0:08:30the dog can actually detect that
0:08:30 > 0:08:32and warn them to take their medication.
0:08:32 > 0:08:36- Ha...- So, although your breath can sometimes smell bad,
0:08:36 > 0:08:39its smell can also reveal vital information about your health.
0:08:41 > 0:08:44Claire, that was brilliant, thank you so much for coming in.
0:08:44 > 0:08:46And, Daisy, you did such a good job!
0:08:46 > 0:08:48You understand, don't you? Yes, you do.
0:08:52 > 0:08:54The hallway - it's the last room in the house you leave
0:08:54 > 0:08:56and the first you come back to.
0:08:56 > 0:08:58It's the part of the house that says,
0:08:58 > 0:09:00"Hey, I'm going out somewhere"
0:09:00 > 0:09:02and, "Hey, I'm back."
0:09:02 > 0:09:06- But the hallway can also be a place of danger.- Wuh!
0:09:08 > 0:09:10You could hit your head on one of the coat hooks.
0:09:10 > 0:09:13Ow!
0:09:13 > 0:09:14You could trip over the shoes
0:09:14 > 0:09:16you've carelessly left lying around.
0:09:16 > 0:09:19Argh! Ooh. Ouch.
0:09:19 > 0:09:22Or you could forget to take your muddy shoes off
0:09:22 > 0:09:25and start walking upstairs, leaving footprints everywhere,
0:09:25 > 0:09:27- which will make your mother furious.- Oh.
0:09:27 > 0:09:31If you look out for THOSE dangers, you should be fine.
0:09:31 > 0:09:33- Oh, Xand, can you get the door?- Sure.
0:09:35 > 0:09:37Argh! My finger.
0:09:38 > 0:09:39Ooh.
0:09:39 > 0:09:42Yep, I've got a minor injury.
0:09:45 > 0:09:47So, what should you do if you hurt your finger?
0:10:03 > 0:10:05The answer is C.
0:10:06 > 0:10:10Apply something cold and hold it there for no more than ten minutes.
0:10:11 > 0:10:13CLOCK TICKS
0:10:27 > 0:10:29Right, let's go to the park. Where's the football?
0:10:29 > 0:10:32It's right in the hallway just by my shoes, next to my...
0:10:32 > 0:10:35Argh! GLASS SMASHES
0:10:35 > 0:10:38..skateboard.
0:10:38 > 0:10:41So, if you hurt your finger, then put something cold on it
0:10:41 > 0:10:45for no more than ten minutes or until the pain has gone away.
0:10:50 > 0:10:53We've got some incredible body tricks
0:10:53 > 0:10:56for you to show your friends.
0:10:56 > 0:10:59Want to make your arms float all by themselves?
0:10:59 > 0:11:01Well, that's what this lot are trying to do.
0:11:01 > 0:11:03Come on, Paul, push harder.
0:11:07 > 0:11:10Believe it or not, their arms are rising up completely on their own.
0:11:10 > 0:11:12They just, like, go, "hey".
0:11:12 > 0:11:15It's making my hands move.
0:11:15 > 0:11:17When I go like this, it rises.
0:11:17 > 0:11:21I actually feel like my hands are rising up.
0:11:21 > 0:11:23That's quite weird.
0:11:23 > 0:11:25So, how is this possible and what do we do to make it happen?
0:11:27 > 0:11:31First, you need to push your hands against each other like this.
0:11:31 > 0:11:34With the person on the inside pushing out
0:11:34 > 0:11:36and the person on the outside pushing in.
0:11:36 > 0:11:39Do this really hard against each other for as long as you can.
0:11:39 > 0:11:42Then let go and the person with the arms on the inside
0:11:42 > 0:11:45needs to relax and then see what happens.
0:11:45 > 0:11:48Who thinks they can explain why it worked?
0:11:48 > 0:11:50If the person's putting pressure,
0:11:50 > 0:11:51like, is pushing,
0:11:51 > 0:11:54and then you're pushing really hard back,
0:11:54 > 0:11:57if they let go, like, really quickly and you're still pushing,
0:11:57 > 0:12:00your arms will just go, like, bounce and they'll go up.
0:12:00 > 0:12:02Well, Lorenzo is right.
0:12:02 > 0:12:05Because your arms are pushing so hard against your partner's,
0:12:05 > 0:12:08when you stop, it takes your arms a little time to relax
0:12:08 > 0:12:10and realise that the force has gone
0:12:10 > 0:12:12and this is what makes your arms float.
0:12:13 > 0:12:16Right, so what happens is you're tensing all your muscles
0:12:16 > 0:12:18and then when you relax,
0:12:18 > 0:12:22the muscles that were tense are still pulling your arms up.
0:12:22 > 0:12:25So, all these muscles that have been tense,
0:12:25 > 0:12:27you're relaxing the push in
0:12:27 > 0:12:29and the muscles that are on the outside of your arms
0:12:29 > 0:12:30are still quite tense
0:12:30 > 0:12:33and they're just making it feel like your arms are lifting up.
0:12:33 > 0:12:36Who thinks Lorenzo's explanation was better?
0:12:39 > 0:12:42OK, you're right, Lorenzo was better.
0:12:46 > 0:12:49Earlier, Max had to take a trip to accident and emergency.
0:12:49 > 0:12:50Let's see if he's getting better.
0:12:55 > 0:12:58Back in Sheffield, four-year-old Max is being treated
0:12:58 > 0:13:02with antibiotics for cellulitis, an infection of the skin
0:13:02 > 0:13:04that causes redness and swelling.
0:13:07 > 0:13:09It all started a couple of days ago
0:13:09 > 0:13:13when Max was watching his favourite monster film on TV.
0:13:13 > 0:13:15He was running about, joining in with the fun,
0:13:15 > 0:13:20when he tripped and cut his cheek on the table.
0:13:20 > 0:13:23Max's mum treated the wound at the time and it looked like
0:13:23 > 0:13:26it was healing, but underneath, an infection was spreading.
0:13:26 > 0:13:28So, with a lot of swelling around his eye,
0:13:28 > 0:13:30we need to make sure that
0:13:30 > 0:13:34his eyesight isn't affected by the cellulitis infection.
0:13:35 > 0:13:41Over to eye specialist Dr Imran Haq to see what he can see.
0:13:41 > 0:13:43I need to have a look at your eye.
0:13:43 > 0:13:45Is that OK?
0:13:45 > 0:13:46- Mmm.- Yeah?
0:13:46 > 0:13:49The layers of the skin, if they become inflamed,
0:13:49 > 0:13:51that's basically what cellulitis is.
0:13:51 > 0:13:53In his case we're worried if it's orbital cellulitis -
0:13:53 > 0:13:57that's when it involves the actual area where the eye is.
0:13:57 > 0:13:58If that's involved,
0:13:58 > 0:14:01then it can sometimes not only damage the eye,
0:14:01 > 0:14:04but track back into the brain itself and that can cause problems.
0:14:04 > 0:14:08So, Dr Imran makes sure Max's eye is moving normally
0:14:08 > 0:14:10and then he gets out a nifty bit of headgear.
0:14:13 > 0:14:16This lets him look right into the back of Max's eyeball
0:14:16 > 0:14:18and it'll show if the infection
0:14:18 > 0:14:21has spread from Max's face into his eye.
0:14:21 > 0:14:24I spy with my big eye.
0:14:24 > 0:14:27With this, I wanted to really look at the back of the eye
0:14:27 > 0:14:29and see if there's pressure on the optic nerve.
0:14:29 > 0:14:31That's the nerve that leaves the back of the eye
0:14:31 > 0:14:33to go to the brain.
0:14:33 > 0:14:35In his case, the infection hasn't spread that far
0:14:35 > 0:14:38and it's only limited to the skin itself, not involving the eye.
0:14:38 > 0:14:40So, I think Max will be absolutely fine,
0:14:40 > 0:14:41as long as he gets antibiotics.
0:14:41 > 0:14:43He'll probably be home in a couple of days.
0:14:45 > 0:14:47With his eye given the all clear,
0:14:47 > 0:14:49now Max just has to wait for the antibiotics
0:14:49 > 0:14:53to tackle his skin infection and get the swelling down in his face.
0:14:55 > 0:14:58Day two and it's time for an update.
0:14:58 > 0:14:59I'm getting better.
0:14:59 > 0:15:01That's good.
0:15:01 > 0:15:03His eye has gone down considerably,
0:15:03 > 0:15:07but he's still inflamed underneath his eye.
0:15:07 > 0:15:09It's quite a difference from day one,
0:15:09 > 0:15:11although he's not ready to go home yet.
0:15:11 > 0:15:13Oh, no!
0:15:13 > 0:15:15Max has to stay in hospital for another night,
0:15:15 > 0:15:18to get more antibiotics into his system.
0:15:20 > 0:15:23But the next day, there's good news.
0:15:23 > 0:15:24Yes, a lot better.
0:15:26 > 0:15:28He does look much less swollen now.
0:15:28 > 0:15:31Now that he's had antibiotics for two days,
0:15:31 > 0:15:33Max has improved dramatically.
0:15:33 > 0:15:37The cellulitis has been curtailed
0:15:37 > 0:15:40and we're happy for him to go home.
0:15:40 > 0:15:42Any by the looks of it, Max can't wait.
0:15:42 > 0:15:45Maybe that monster movie's on the telly again.
0:15:45 > 0:15:46- MAX:- Bye.
0:15:46 > 0:15:48BOTH TWINS: Bye, Max.
0:15:50 > 0:15:53Still to come, the Unluckiest Kid catches a cold,
0:15:53 > 0:15:56but we tell you how your body deals with it.
0:15:56 > 0:15:58Harrison turns up in the emergency department
0:15:58 > 0:16:01with something stuck in his ear.
0:16:01 > 0:16:04And I meet someone who makes fake injuries for a living.
0:16:04 > 0:16:06That patient would obviously be in a lot of pain.
0:16:08 > 0:16:11Did you know that the bones in your body aren't white at all?
0:16:11 > 0:16:13They're actually beige.
0:16:14 > 0:16:17They only become white if they're cleaned and boiled.
0:16:17 > 0:16:18That's amazing. So is this.
0:16:21 > 0:16:24An ordinary boxing club,
0:16:24 > 0:16:26with ordinary people working out.
0:16:26 > 0:16:28This man's hard at it.
0:16:28 > 0:16:30Is he a boxer?
0:16:30 > 0:16:31No, Xand.
0:16:31 > 0:16:33Is he a wrestler?
0:16:33 > 0:16:35He certainly is.
0:16:35 > 0:16:37Oh, he looks very angry.
0:16:37 > 0:16:40Hang on a minute. Why is he sitting down?
0:16:40 > 0:16:43He's getting "ready to rumble"!
0:16:43 > 0:16:45Meet Alan "Nasty" Nash
0:16:45 > 0:16:48and he's the world champion toe wrestler.
0:16:48 > 0:16:51It's just like arm wrestling, but with your toes.
0:16:51 > 0:16:53You have to lock toes and then push your opponent's foot
0:16:53 > 0:16:55to the side.
0:16:55 > 0:16:59Alan's so good at it, he's won the world title eight times.
0:16:59 > 0:17:02Do you have to pull that face when you're toe wrestling?
0:17:02 > 0:17:03What an amazing "feet".
0:17:03 > 0:17:05How does he do it?
0:17:05 > 0:17:09Alan's mighty moves aren't just down to his twinkling toes.
0:17:09 > 0:17:12His strength comes from his legs.
0:17:12 > 0:17:16Alan trains at the gym three times a week to build up massive muscles.
0:17:16 > 0:17:19Grr, there's that mean face again.
0:17:19 > 0:17:22Power is then transferred into Alan's short, stumpy toes...
0:17:22 > 0:17:23Oi!
0:17:23 > 0:17:26..through his massive flexor hallucis longus,
0:17:26 > 0:17:29that's the big toe muscle to you and me, which runs from his calf
0:17:29 > 0:17:33down his ankle and into the big toe.
0:17:33 > 0:17:36With all that power, Alan's toes take a real battering in matches.
0:17:36 > 0:17:39Over the years he's broken nine of them.
0:17:39 > 0:17:42It's a dangerous sport, so best not try it yourself.
0:17:42 > 0:17:45I've had an injury that was so bad I had to have the toe taken off,
0:17:45 > 0:17:48the bone ground down and then the toe put back on again.
0:17:48 > 0:17:50RECORD SCRATCHES What?
0:17:50 > 0:17:52I had to have the toe taken off,
0:17:52 > 0:17:54the bone ground down and then the toe put back on again.
0:17:54 > 0:17:56That's what I thought he said.
0:17:56 > 0:17:57Loser!
0:17:57 > 0:17:59That's amazing.
0:18:03 > 0:18:05This next boy may be accident-prone,
0:18:05 > 0:18:08but his body is brilliant at mending itself.
0:18:08 > 0:18:10Just like yours.
0:18:10 > 0:18:13# If there's a bone to break He'll break it.
0:18:13 > 0:18:16# If there's a knee to graze He'll graze it.
0:18:16 > 0:18:18# If there's an ankle to sprain He'll sprain it.
0:18:18 > 0:18:20# He's the Unluckiest Kid. #
0:18:22 > 0:18:24Atchoo!
0:18:24 > 0:18:26Colds are caused by viruses and enter your body
0:18:26 > 0:18:28through your mouth or nose.
0:18:28 > 0:18:31Once inside, they start reprogramming your cells
0:18:31 > 0:18:33to make more and more viruses,
0:18:33 > 0:18:36but luckily, your immune system is on the case.
0:18:36 > 0:18:40First, it makes loads of snot that traps some of the germs,
0:18:40 > 0:18:41so you can blow them out.
0:18:41 > 0:18:44But there's still work to do with the rest.
0:18:44 > 0:18:46You can throw the tissue away now, Unluckiest Kid.
0:18:46 > 0:18:50T-cells grab the virus intruders so they can't get away.
0:18:50 > 0:18:52Then B-cells flood the area with antibodies,
0:18:52 > 0:18:54which make the viruses stick together,
0:18:54 > 0:18:56so they're easier to fight.
0:18:56 > 0:19:00And then macrophages eat the viruses, killing them instantly.
0:19:00 > 0:19:02Mmm, delicious.
0:19:02 > 0:19:04In about a week you'll be feeling better,
0:19:04 > 0:19:07but try to sneeze into your elbow, so you don't spread germs.
0:19:07 > 0:19:10Oh, dear, here we go again.
0:19:10 > 0:19:13# He's the unluckiest kid. #
0:19:13 > 0:19:16On today's Investigation Ouch, I'm going behind the scenes
0:19:16 > 0:19:20of one of the most famous hospital drama series around.
0:19:20 > 0:19:22MUSIC: Theme from Casualty
0:19:22 > 0:19:25Casualty has been running for nearly 30 years
0:19:25 > 0:19:28and is based around the fictional Holby City hospital.
0:19:31 > 0:19:33Everyone on the show is an actor...
0:19:33 > 0:19:35IV access and bloods please.
0:19:35 > 0:19:38And pretend doctors have to treat pretend patients
0:19:38 > 0:19:40with almost every type of pretend condition.
0:19:40 > 0:19:43The good news is, there doesn't appear to be a fracture,
0:19:43 > 0:19:44but you may have torn a ligament.
0:19:44 > 0:19:47I've come to Cardiff's Roath Lock Studios,
0:19:47 > 0:19:48where Casualty is made,
0:19:48 > 0:19:51to have a look around the set and see what goes on.
0:19:53 > 0:19:56So obviously, as a doctor, I'm really used to being in a hospital,
0:19:56 > 0:19:59but standing here on the set, it is totally convincing.
0:19:59 > 0:20:01All the details are right.
0:20:01 > 0:20:04There's a heart monitor there, there's the ultrasound machine,
0:20:04 > 0:20:06the beds are correct, all the details,
0:20:06 > 0:20:09even the notes on the nurses' desk are right.
0:20:09 > 0:20:14This is Kirstie Stanway, head of the prosthetics department.
0:20:14 > 0:20:17She's a make-up magician, who can create pretty much any injury,
0:20:17 > 0:20:21in what has to be one of the most gruesome offices ever.
0:20:21 > 0:20:24So, Kirstie, what kind of injuries have we got here?
0:20:24 > 0:20:27We've got a heart operation here, with a heart that beats
0:20:27 > 0:20:29and a lung that inflates.
0:20:29 > 0:20:31You actually do stuff inside the body as well?
0:20:31 > 0:20:32Sometimes, yeah.
0:20:32 > 0:20:36Even though it's not full of blood, it looks very realistic.
0:20:36 > 0:20:39Yeah, we try and make it look as realistic as we can.
0:20:39 > 0:20:41So, there's some stuff that's inside the body
0:20:41 > 0:20:44and then you're also obviously able to do skin really beautifully.
0:20:44 > 0:20:47Yeah. So, all the skins are made out of silicone.
0:20:47 > 0:20:49So, this is a guy that had a stab wound,
0:20:49 > 0:20:51so this has just been stitched.
0:20:51 > 0:20:55So, how does this work? Do you put this on an actor?
0:20:55 > 0:20:58Yes, and then just hide all the joins.
0:20:58 > 0:21:00I mean, that is a very convincing cut and tummy, isn't it?
0:21:00 > 0:21:02Yes, I think so.
0:21:02 > 0:21:04So, although some rubbery bits of body
0:21:04 > 0:21:06are wrapped around the stomach,
0:21:06 > 0:21:08a fake leg like this is placed on the hospital bed
0:21:08 > 0:21:11and the actor hides his real leg underneath.
0:21:11 > 0:21:13This leg is quite amazing, isn't it?
0:21:13 > 0:21:15The top of the leg looks like it's in the normal position
0:21:15 > 0:21:17and the foot is turned in a position
0:21:17 > 0:21:19you could never normally turn it into
0:21:19 > 0:21:21without having a very bad break. We know there's a bad break,
0:21:21 > 0:21:23cos we've got bone poking through the skin.
0:21:23 > 0:21:26That patient would obviously be in a lot of pain.
0:21:26 > 0:21:29All these fake injuries wouldn't be complete without some fake blood.
0:21:29 > 0:21:31So, here's our blood cupboard
0:21:31 > 0:21:33and we have lots of different types of blood here.
0:21:33 > 0:21:35Like AB positive, O negative,
0:21:35 > 0:21:37A positive, B negative?
0:21:37 > 0:21:39No, no, not quite like that.
0:21:39 > 0:21:42We have our fresh blood here and here.
0:21:42 > 0:21:45- Oh, so you have blood that looks different?- Yes.
0:21:45 > 0:21:47OK. So this is...?
0:21:47 > 0:21:49- This is our fresh blood here. - Let's have a look.
0:21:49 > 0:21:53- That's fresh.- Yeah, and that's bright red, isn't it?
0:21:53 > 0:21:56Yeah, then we have dark blood here.
0:21:56 > 0:21:57Really nice.
0:21:57 > 0:21:59What else?
0:21:59 > 0:22:01And then we have a congealed here, which is thicker.
0:22:02 > 0:22:04Oh, with blobs in it.
0:22:04 > 0:22:06Yeah, that's really good, isn't it?
0:22:06 > 0:22:07This blood is fake,
0:22:07 > 0:22:09but different blood has different characteristics.
0:22:09 > 0:22:11This fresh blood is bright red
0:22:11 > 0:22:13and that's because it's got oxygen in it
0:22:13 > 0:22:16and that's when you cut yourself or you have a nosebleed
0:22:16 > 0:22:18and the blood's bright red.
0:22:18 > 0:22:21This dark blood, you might see in an operation if you cut a vein.
0:22:21 > 0:22:25Veins don't have oxygen in their blood, so that would look darker.
0:22:25 > 0:22:28Then this stuff here, it's somewhere between red and dark
0:22:28 > 0:22:30and it's got big lumps in it and that's clots forming, is it?
0:22:30 > 0:22:32- Yes.- So, it looks real,
0:22:32 > 0:22:35but actually it's just sugar water with food colouring.
0:22:35 > 0:22:37So, my hand's looking quite ill now.
0:22:37 > 0:22:39Can you give me a bigger injury?
0:22:39 > 0:22:41Yeah, would you like a burn or something like that?
0:22:41 > 0:22:43Yeah. A burn, let's give me a burn.
0:22:43 > 0:22:45Only I would get that excited about a burn.
0:22:47 > 0:22:49Kirstie starts by sticking on
0:22:49 > 0:22:52some pre-made wounds from silicone moulds.
0:22:54 > 0:22:58So already it's obvious there's something very wrong with my hand.
0:22:58 > 0:23:01She applies some special blister gel and sprays it with red paint...
0:23:04 > 0:23:06..and then adds some more fluid.
0:23:06 > 0:23:08And the burn is finished off with black paint.
0:23:08 > 0:23:10OK, so there's your burn.
0:23:10 > 0:23:12So, looking at this as a doctor,
0:23:12 > 0:23:15this is a very realistic and serious burn.
0:23:15 > 0:23:16The skin's all puckered up.
0:23:16 > 0:23:19There's fluid oozing out of it, because of the inflammation.
0:23:19 > 0:23:22You can see the redness from the increased blood flow
0:23:22 > 0:23:25and, of course, the charring from the burn itself.
0:23:25 > 0:23:28- Kirstie, that is amazing. Thank you very much indeed.- You're welcome.
0:23:30 > 0:23:32I've had SUCH a great day here at Casualty
0:23:32 > 0:23:35and I'm really impressed with all the effort
0:23:35 > 0:23:37that goes into making the show as realistic as possible,
0:23:37 > 0:23:39especially my burn. I'm going to go and show it to Xand.
0:23:39 > 0:23:41I don't think he'll be fooled, though.
0:23:41 > 0:23:43Of course not, Chris, I'm a real doctor.
0:23:45 > 0:23:47Our next patient was expecting a normal day.
0:23:47 > 0:23:49But he's ended up in hospital.
0:23:49 > 0:23:52This is definitely an unusual accident.
0:23:56 > 0:23:57In the hospital waiting room
0:23:57 > 0:24:00is five-year-old Harrison with his mum.
0:24:00 > 0:24:01He's here because...
0:24:01 > 0:24:03Is he too tall?
0:24:03 > 0:24:05- No.- OK, why, then?
0:24:05 > 0:24:09Because I have something in my ear.
0:24:09 > 0:24:11Oh! Do you know what it is?
0:24:11 > 0:24:12No.
0:24:12 > 0:24:13Are you sure?
0:24:13 > 0:24:15A chickpea.
0:24:15 > 0:24:16A chickpea? OK.
0:24:16 > 0:24:18How on earth did it end up in your ear?
0:24:22 > 0:24:26Harrison was at school inspecting a new display, the animal corner.
0:24:26 > 0:24:29Ooh, look at the cutesy-wootsy piggies.
0:24:29 > 0:24:30Ah, chickens!
0:24:30 > 0:24:33No, it was an African Savanna, Xand.
0:24:33 > 0:24:37Really? What, with elephants and zebras, in school?
0:24:37 > 0:24:38Yeah, that's right, Xand.
0:24:38 > 0:24:41Real elephants and zebras in Harrison's school(!)
0:24:41 > 0:24:44Duh, it was a model.
0:24:44 > 0:24:46Anyway, Harrison was busy checking it out
0:24:46 > 0:24:50when he noticed the desert sand was made out of chickpeas.
0:24:50 > 0:24:52He had an idea and picked one up.
0:24:52 > 0:24:54Don't do it.
0:24:54 > 0:24:56And he put it in his lughole.
0:24:56 > 0:24:58Ouch!
0:24:58 > 0:25:01Rolling upside down isn't going to get it out, Harrison.
0:25:03 > 0:25:05Over to you, Dr Catherine Rimmer.
0:25:07 > 0:25:09So, what's happened to you today?
0:25:09 > 0:25:10I have a...
0:25:10 > 0:25:12Come on, spill the beans.
0:25:12 > 0:25:14You mean peas.
0:25:14 > 0:25:16..a chickpea in my ear.
0:25:16 > 0:25:18Yep, he did say a chickpea.
0:25:18 > 0:25:19Let's have a little look, shall we?
0:25:19 > 0:25:24Dr Catherine uses a medical torch to look into Harrison's lughole.
0:25:24 > 0:25:27Let's have a look inside. Oh, it's still there.
0:25:27 > 0:25:28So, shall we take it out for you?
0:25:28 > 0:25:30That would be a good idea, wouldn't it?
0:25:30 > 0:25:32So, if you hang on a minute,
0:25:32 > 0:25:34I'm going to get a special tool to get it out of your ear.
0:25:34 > 0:25:36- A hoover?- No, Xand.
0:25:36 > 0:25:38It's called a chickpea remover.
0:25:38 > 0:25:40We have them in our special store cupboard.
0:25:40 > 0:25:43Oh, of course, the famous chickpea remover(!)
0:25:45 > 0:25:48Home to the smallest bone in your whole body,
0:25:48 > 0:25:50your ears are divided up into three parts -
0:25:50 > 0:25:52the inner, middle and outer ear,
0:25:52 > 0:25:54connected by the ear canal.
0:25:55 > 0:25:58And that's where Harrison's chickpea is stuck.
0:25:58 > 0:26:00If it's left in there, it could cause an infection,
0:26:00 > 0:26:03so we need to get it out.
0:26:03 > 0:26:06Now then, what's going to happen, Harrison,
0:26:06 > 0:26:08it's going to be a little bit tickly, but it shouldn't be
0:26:08 > 0:26:10too uncomfortable, OK,
0:26:10 > 0:26:12and we'll get this chickpea out for you.
0:26:12 > 0:26:14So, with the special chickpea remover in hand,
0:26:14 > 0:26:16the doctor gets to work.
0:26:16 > 0:26:18So, nice and still for me, Harrison.
0:26:19 > 0:26:22And "ear" we go.
0:26:22 > 0:26:24The chickpea's appeared to say hello.
0:26:24 > 0:26:26Oh, there we go, there it is!
0:26:27 > 0:26:30Oh, well done.
0:26:30 > 0:26:32That's a bit of a big thing in your little ear.
0:26:34 > 0:26:36Now, there's only half of one in there.
0:26:36 > 0:26:38I want to have a look inside and make sure
0:26:38 > 0:26:39there's nothing else inside.
0:26:39 > 0:26:41Dr Catherine has another "peer in his ear"
0:26:41 > 0:26:44to make sure it's all clear.
0:26:44 > 0:26:46No, it's just caused a little bit of bleeding, Mum,
0:26:46 > 0:26:48- on the inside of the ear.- OK.
0:26:48 > 0:26:52But there's no more chickpeas inside, so it was only a half one.
0:26:52 > 0:26:55- Are you going to have chickpea for tea?- No!
0:26:55 > 0:26:58With his ear food-free at last, Harrison can head home,
0:26:58 > 0:27:01but leave your paws off the pulses in future, eh?
0:27:01 > 0:27:02Bye.
0:27:02 > 0:27:05Bye!
0:27:05 > 0:27:07Next time on Operation Ouch...
0:27:09 > 0:27:11We've got another awesome body trick for you to try.
0:27:11 > 0:27:13Now try and stand up.
0:27:13 > 0:27:14I'm stuck.
0:27:17 > 0:27:22And we're going to look at some of our best bits from Ouch.
0:27:24 > 0:27:27I don't know why everyone doesn't paint this way.
0:27:28 > 0:27:30We'll see you next time for more...
0:27:30 > 0:27:31Operation Ouch!
0:27:46 > 0:27:49Subtitles by Red Bee Media Ltd