0:00:23 > 0:00:25He's Dr Chris.
0:00:25 > 0:00:26He's Dr Xand.
0:00:26 > 0:00:28Yes, we're identical twins.
0:00:28 > 0:00:34Do you know your body does heaps of amazing things every single day?
0:00:34 > 0:00:35That is incredible.
0:00:35 > 0:00:37And we're going to show you how.
0:00:37 > 0:00:39Oh, you've cut him in half!
0:00:39 > 0:00:42We've got incredible experiments...
0:00:42 > 0:00:43- BOTH:- Wow!
0:00:43 > 0:00:45..and real life medical emergencies.
0:00:45 > 0:00:47There's a big chunk of me leg missing.
0:00:47 > 0:00:48Ouch!
0:00:48 > 0:00:51We'll be turning our bodies inside out...
0:00:51 > 0:00:53Oh, yuck!
0:00:53 > 0:00:56..to show you what you're made of.
0:00:56 > 0:00:59- You should see a doctor. - I'd better go find one.
0:00:59 > 0:01:01HE CLEARS HIS THROAT
0:01:01 > 0:01:03"Dr Xand"!
0:01:03 > 0:01:05HE SIGHS
0:01:05 > 0:01:06SIRENS WAIL
0:01:06 > 0:01:09Coming up today on Operation...
0:01:09 > 0:01:10Ouch!
0:01:12 > 0:01:16Our Ouch & About clinic is ready to solve your mystery ailments.
0:01:16 > 0:01:20That is just an absolutely classic wart.
0:01:21 > 0:01:24And we're going to look back at some of our best bits.
0:01:24 > 0:01:28We bare our teeth to reveal what happens when you don't brush.
0:01:28 > 0:01:29- HE LAUGHS - You look really funny.
0:01:29 > 0:01:31You look funny!
0:01:31 > 0:01:34And I discover the wonders of wee.
0:01:34 > 0:01:37- It really smells in here. - Yes, it does.
0:01:40 > 0:01:42And now it's one of our favourite hospital cases.
0:01:42 > 0:01:45The emergency team thought they'd seen everything
0:01:45 > 0:01:47and then Courtney showed up.
0:01:51 > 0:01:54In accident and emergency,
0:01:54 > 0:01:57nine-year-old Courtney has come in with her mum, her dad
0:01:57 > 0:01:58and something else.
0:01:58 > 0:02:01I got a bit of a pencil stuck in my ear.
0:02:01 > 0:02:04You what? Did I EAR that right?
0:02:04 > 0:02:07I was messing around with it and I put it in my ear.
0:02:07 > 0:02:10OK, I did. Now, how did it get there?
0:02:11 > 0:02:15Courtney was in her bedroom with her colouring pens and pencils.
0:02:15 > 0:02:19One in particular caught her eye. It was the yellow one.
0:02:19 > 0:02:23She stared at it, it stared back wondering if it would be chosen.
0:02:23 > 0:02:25"Colour in with me", it thought, "I'll be your sun,
0:02:25 > 0:02:29"I'll be your sand, I'll be your rubber ducky."
0:02:29 > 0:02:31Why would she want to draw a rubber ducky?
0:02:31 > 0:02:33Um, I couldn't think of anything else yellow. Just go with it.
0:02:33 > 0:02:37- OK.- "That might fit in my ear", Courtney thought.
0:02:37 > 0:02:39Oh, dear. I see where this is going.
0:02:39 > 0:02:41So did she.
0:02:41 > 0:02:42Ouch!
0:02:44 > 0:02:46Here's Dr Julian Warren to investigate.
0:02:47 > 0:02:49First, Dr Warren needs to check
0:02:49 > 0:02:52exactly where the missing crayon's hiding.
0:02:52 > 0:02:55Yeah. We can see that quite clearly.
0:02:55 > 0:02:58Thank goodness he's found it. So where exactly is it?
0:02:58 > 0:03:02Your ears are divided into three parts - the inner, middle
0:03:02 > 0:03:06and outer ear connected by the ear canal.
0:03:06 > 0:03:09The ear canal is roughly 2.5cm long
0:03:09 > 0:03:12and that is where Courtney's yellow crayon is stuck.
0:03:12 > 0:03:15If it's left in there, it could cause damage or infection.
0:03:15 > 0:03:17Let's see if we can get that out, shall we?
0:03:17 > 0:03:19What's the plan then, doc?
0:03:19 > 0:03:21We'll take her through to the procedure room.
0:03:21 > 0:03:23We'll try and see if we can get a little metal probe behind it
0:03:23 > 0:03:27and hook it out, but hopefully we'll get it out today.
0:03:27 > 0:03:30In the treatment room, Dr Warren goes crayon fishing
0:03:30 > 0:03:32with his special hook.
0:03:32 > 0:03:34But will he catch anything?
0:03:34 > 0:03:37It's just a case of trying to see if we can get past it.
0:03:37 > 0:03:42The crayon just won't budge, so Dr Warren has to go to plan B.
0:03:42 > 0:03:46Find out later what on earth he's going to do with all that liquid.
0:03:50 > 0:03:53And now to our lab for some amazing body experiments.
0:03:53 > 0:03:55Urgh! Whoa!
0:03:55 > 0:03:58Just don't try anything you see here at home.
0:04:00 > 0:04:03Take a look at this.
0:04:03 > 0:04:06It's a skull that's over 100 years old.
0:04:06 > 0:04:08Now, it's from a five-year-old but look carefully
0:04:08 > 0:04:12and you'll see why I really wanted to show it to you.
0:04:12 > 0:04:16This skull has two sets of teeth.
0:04:16 > 0:04:17These are milk teeth
0:04:17 > 0:04:20and these are adult teeth.
0:04:20 > 0:04:23They're waiting to come through when the milk teeth fall out.
0:04:23 > 0:04:28But what's amazing about this is that it's not amazing at all.
0:04:28 > 0:04:31If you're still waiting for your adult teeth, just think,
0:04:31 > 0:04:34they're already in your head fully grown.
0:04:34 > 0:04:37Underneath your skin, your skull will look just like this one.
0:04:37 > 0:04:40Both sets of teeth are coated with enamel.
0:04:40 > 0:04:42It's the hardest substance in your body.
0:04:42 > 0:04:44It's even harder than bone
0:04:44 > 0:04:47but it's not indestructible as we're about to find out.
0:04:55 > 0:04:56Urgh!
0:04:56 > 0:04:59- Does my breath smell bad? - Yes, it does actually.
0:04:59 > 0:05:01I'm not surprised. I haven't brushed my teeth in two days.
0:05:01 > 0:05:05- But it's all for a good cause, isn't it, Chris?- I hope so.
0:05:07 > 0:05:09In fact, it was my idea.
0:05:09 > 0:05:13While I've been brushing my teeth twice a day, as you should,
0:05:13 > 0:05:16I haven't let Chris brush his at all for two days,
0:05:16 > 0:05:19but it's all in the name of medical research.
0:05:19 > 0:05:21My teeth feel fuzzy.
0:05:21 > 0:05:24That's because Chris has a layer of plaque building up on them.
0:05:24 > 0:05:26Open wide.
0:05:26 > 0:05:30I'm going to show you why plaque isn't something you want a lot of.
0:05:30 > 0:05:32When you go to the dentist,
0:05:32 > 0:05:34you'll have had your teeth scraped like this.
0:05:34 > 0:05:36Going anywhere nice on holiday this year, Chris?
0:05:36 > 0:05:37- MUMBLED:- No.
0:05:37 > 0:05:41Oh, lovely. I've been there. It's wonderful at this time of year.
0:05:41 > 0:05:43Urgh, Chris, this is disgusting!
0:05:46 > 0:05:50Plaque is a mixture of food particles, acid and bacteria.
0:05:50 > 0:05:53We've all got thousands of different bacteria living in our mouths
0:05:53 > 0:05:56and most of them are harmless but there are some bad ones
0:05:56 > 0:06:00that can turn the sugars in the food we eat into acid.
0:06:00 > 0:06:03And it's this plaque acid that's the real problem.
0:06:03 > 0:06:07It eats away at the tooth enamel and that's what tooth decay is.
0:06:07 > 0:06:09Please can I have my toothbrush back now?
0:06:09 > 0:06:12Soon! There's more to show you.
0:06:12 > 0:06:16'We're both going to rinse our mouths with a special blue dye
0:06:16 > 0:06:19'that will show up how much plaque we have on our teeth.
0:06:19 > 0:06:22'It's my brushed nashers first. Ta-da!'
0:06:22 > 0:06:26- Ha! You look really funny. - You look funny!
0:06:26 > 0:06:29Now, even though Xand HAS been brushing regularly,
0:06:29 > 0:06:33you can see that some dye has stuck to his teeth and that's all plaque.
0:06:33 > 0:06:34That makes me a bit worried
0:06:34 > 0:06:37cos I haven't brushed my teeth for over two days.
0:06:37 > 0:06:39- Urgh! Why'd you do that? - It was your idea.
0:06:43 > 0:06:45Well, after a quick rinse with the blue dye,
0:06:45 > 0:06:48it's time to check out the state of my unbrushed teeth.
0:06:50 > 0:06:51Urgh!
0:06:53 > 0:06:55There's plaque everywhere!
0:06:55 > 0:06:57How'd you let this happen?
0:06:58 > 0:07:02So, if you compare my lovely clean brushed teeth
0:07:02 > 0:07:03with Chris' disgusting
0:07:03 > 0:07:04unbrushed teeth,
0:07:04 > 0:07:07you can really see the difference.
0:07:07 > 0:07:09And all that plaque has built up in just two days!
0:07:09 > 0:07:11That's gross!
0:07:11 > 0:07:13I feel quite disgusting. I would like my toothbrush back.
0:07:13 > 0:07:15Nope!
0:07:15 > 0:07:18I want to get a much closer look at your plaque, Chris,
0:07:18 > 0:07:21which is why I've put a dollop of it under this microscope.
0:07:22 > 0:07:24Look at this.
0:07:24 > 0:07:25Wow!
0:07:25 > 0:07:28So these bacteria are the ones that live in my plaque
0:07:28 > 0:07:30and although we can't tell which are the good ones
0:07:30 > 0:07:32and which are the bad ones,
0:07:32 > 0:07:34some of them are the ones that produce the acid
0:07:34 > 0:07:37- that is rotting my teeth right now. - Yep.
0:07:37 > 0:07:40And if you just leave plaque, it hardens like cement.
0:07:40 > 0:07:43That's called tartar and it builds and builds.
0:07:43 > 0:07:45It can damage your gums
0:07:45 > 0:07:47and give you rotting teeth that look like this.
0:07:49 > 0:07:52Not a good look. That's it. I've had enough.
0:07:52 > 0:07:55I am going to brush my teeth.
0:07:55 > 0:07:56No, he's not.
0:08:08 > 0:08:12That's over 70,000 times a day.
0:08:12 > 0:08:13And thank goodness you do!
0:08:13 > 0:08:16Otherwise you could choke on your own saliva, urgh!
0:08:19 > 0:08:22As doctors, we're big believers in healthy living
0:08:22 > 0:08:26and that includes healthy eating, doesn't it, Xand?
0:08:26 > 0:08:28Xand!
0:08:28 > 0:08:29Yes, Chris.
0:08:29 > 0:08:32Now, preparing your own food is so much better
0:08:32 > 0:08:37than ready-made meals but it can also be full of potential danger!
0:08:39 > 0:08:40- Can it?- Yes.
0:08:40 > 0:08:43For example, that burger could have given you an upset stomach.
0:08:43 > 0:08:47And you've got to be really careful chopping your own vegetables.
0:08:47 > 0:08:51Well, Chris, I'm playing it safe. I'm not chopping anything at all.
0:08:52 > 0:08:54HE CHOKES
0:08:54 > 0:08:56'Uh-oh, Xand's choking!'
0:08:56 > 0:08:59Looks like an injury alert.
0:09:16 > 0:09:20Or C, send a small and expertly trained mouse into their mouth
0:09:20 > 0:09:23and get it to push the blockage from the other side.
0:09:25 > 0:09:27Melissa, what do you think it is? Which option?
0:09:27 > 0:09:31Option A because I think it will help if you pat them on the back
0:09:31 > 0:09:34cos it will help the food to come out from your mouth.
0:09:34 > 0:09:36Melissa is totally right.
0:09:37 > 0:09:38Have a look at this.
0:09:40 > 0:09:42So, Xand, turn around, bend over
0:09:42 > 0:09:45and I'm going to hit him with the heel of my hand
0:09:45 > 0:09:47hard between his shoulder blades.
0:09:47 > 0:09:51So we're going to give him up to five hard blows, OK?
0:09:51 > 0:09:52Has it worked?
0:09:52 > 0:09:54XAND COUGHS
0:09:54 > 0:09:57Now, in real life, I'd be doing that much harder to Xand.
0:09:57 > 0:10:00Right, now it's your turn. Everyone have a go.
0:10:01 > 0:10:04And remember, we're showing you what to do in an emergency
0:10:04 > 0:10:08but choking can be very serious so it's always best to find an adult.
0:10:08 > 0:10:11- Where do I hit?- OK. So that's where you want to hit him.
0:10:11 > 0:10:13So right between the shoulder blades.
0:10:13 > 0:10:17- One more.- Yeah. So you can hear him breathing now. He's stood up.
0:10:17 > 0:10:18Is it out yet?
0:10:18 > 0:10:20HE COUGHS
0:10:20 > 0:10:22So hit, then check.
0:10:22 > 0:10:23- Are you fine?- Yes, thank you.
0:10:23 > 0:10:26But don't hit your little brother if he's not choking!
0:10:26 > 0:10:29So, remember, if you see someone choking,
0:10:29 > 0:10:32hit them on the back up to five times.
0:10:32 > 0:10:36Also remember carrots can be a lot more dangerous than you think.
0:10:36 > 0:10:38And that's why I'm sticking to something a lot safer,
0:10:38 > 0:10:40like this yogurt.
0:10:46 > 0:10:47Still to come...
0:10:47 > 0:10:50Xand is on call with the emergency services.
0:10:50 > 0:10:53Ooh, darling, you need to keep still for me.
0:10:53 > 0:10:56Oscar gets his broken nose fixed.
0:10:57 > 0:11:00And I've got wee with secret powers.
0:11:00 > 0:11:02That really works well.
0:11:04 > 0:11:07Earlier, we saw Courtney in accident and emergency
0:11:07 > 0:11:11with something lodged in her ear. Let's see how the team get it out.
0:11:15 > 0:11:16Back in Sheffield,
0:11:16 > 0:11:19nine-year-old Courtney has a crayon stuck in her ear.
0:11:19 > 0:11:23Courtney was in her bedroom with her colouring pens and pencils.
0:11:23 > 0:11:24She liked the look of that yellow one.
0:11:24 > 0:11:27"That might fit in my ear", she thought.
0:11:27 > 0:11:29Ouch!
0:11:29 > 0:11:33To remove it, first Dr Warren tried to hook it out like a fish...
0:11:33 > 0:11:34but never caught a thing.
0:11:34 > 0:11:37So far, the crayon just won't budge.
0:11:37 > 0:11:40Dr Warren's decided to call in a colleague who's a dab hand
0:11:40 > 0:11:43at flushing things out with water.
0:11:43 > 0:11:45- Who's that then, Xand?- You'll see.
0:11:45 > 0:11:48Have we got a towel?
0:11:48 > 0:11:50Yellow crayons, watch out!
0:11:50 > 0:11:51Sister Julie Morcombe's about.
0:11:53 > 0:11:55Sister Morcombe is an expert at this procedure.
0:11:57 > 0:12:01And don't worry, this isn't painful, it just feels weird.
0:12:01 > 0:12:04If you just put the fluid in under pressure then what tends to happen,
0:12:04 > 0:12:06the water flushes behind and pushes the foreign body
0:12:06 > 0:12:09closer to the entrance to the ear canal
0:12:09 > 0:12:11and then it just comes out with a second go.
0:12:11 > 0:12:13There you go, out it comes. Pop.
0:12:13 > 0:12:14- Hey-hey!- All done.
0:12:14 > 0:12:17She came, she saw, she flushed it out.
0:12:17 > 0:12:20Want to check there's nothing else in behind and I'll leave you to it.
0:12:20 > 0:12:23Yeah. Fantastic. Thank you very much, Julie.
0:12:23 > 0:12:26Courtney's happy she's got her yellow crayon back.
0:12:26 > 0:12:28We've got it out now. She looks much more comfortable.
0:12:28 > 0:12:30Watch what you put in your ears now.
0:12:30 > 0:12:33Especially yellow crayons. Bye!
0:12:37 > 0:12:39If you have a medical emergency...
0:12:39 > 0:12:42There are teams of paramedics all over the country on standby
0:12:42 > 0:12:43ready to spring into action.
0:12:46 > 0:12:49We're on call with the UK emergency services
0:12:49 > 0:12:52showing you what it's really like on the front line saving lives.
0:12:57 > 0:12:59This is a rapid response vehicle.
0:12:59 > 0:13:03It's on standby 24-7 to respond to whatever emergency calls come in.
0:13:03 > 0:13:07Today, I'm going along for the ride and you're coming with me.
0:13:09 > 0:13:11On call with me is paramedic Jan Vann.
0:13:13 > 0:13:15She can do 20 callouts in a day...
0:13:17 > 0:13:19..and a new case is just in.
0:13:19 > 0:13:22We've just been called to an emergency and we know it's a man.
0:13:22 > 0:13:26They've fallen in the garden and they've got blurred vision.
0:13:26 > 0:13:29Minutes later, we arrive at the scene.
0:13:31 > 0:13:35And just as we get there, the man, Peter, falls again.
0:13:35 > 0:13:37Right...
0:13:37 > 0:13:38Darling, you need to keep still for me.
0:13:38 > 0:13:40PETER LAUGHS
0:13:40 > 0:13:41Oh, at least you're laughing.
0:13:41 > 0:13:44God, you just gave me the fright of me life!
0:13:44 > 0:13:46It's stupid, this!
0:13:46 > 0:13:49'Joking aside, Jan quickly gets him sorted
0:13:49 > 0:13:52'and makes an immediate assessment of his possible injuries.'
0:13:52 > 0:13:54- Yeah.- Squeeze me.- If I can find them.- Not too hard.
0:13:54 > 0:13:56I need my fingers afterwards.
0:13:56 > 0:14:00'He can do some things well but there's a problem.'
0:14:00 > 0:14:03I can see about half of you. The rest has disappeared.
0:14:03 > 0:14:05'Peter's not seeing properly.'
0:14:05 > 0:14:08The thing we've got at the minute is his eyes aren't moving together,
0:14:08 > 0:14:11they're moving separately so we need to find out why that's going on.
0:14:11 > 0:14:13OK. All right, look at me.
0:14:13 > 0:14:16I'm going to shine a little light into your eyes.
0:14:16 > 0:14:19So what Jan's just done is have a look at how the nerves
0:14:19 > 0:14:22in his head and face are working.
0:14:22 > 0:14:24We want to see if he's had a stroke,
0:14:24 > 0:14:26if he's had a blockage in a blood vessel to his brain
0:14:26 > 0:14:30that may have damaged a little bit of his brain which controls his eyes.
0:14:30 > 0:14:33'A stroke is worrying because it's potentially life-threatening
0:14:33 > 0:14:36'but then things change again.'
0:14:36 > 0:14:39- Yeah. I can see now.- Follow my pen again. Keep your eye nice and still.
0:14:39 > 0:14:41Keep your head still, follow the pen.
0:14:41 > 0:14:43Peter's symptoms seem to be improving.
0:14:43 > 0:14:46And that shed looks like it's in the right position again?
0:14:46 > 0:14:49- Yeah.- His eyes are together now. - OK.- Initially they were separate.
0:14:49 > 0:14:50They were miles out.
0:14:52 > 0:14:54It's taken about half an hour from when his symptoms started
0:14:54 > 0:14:58to going away again. It's just about completely gone.
0:14:58 > 0:15:00And that does suggest that it's likely to be what we call
0:15:00 > 0:15:04a mini stroke and what's good about a mini stroke is they do get better
0:15:04 > 0:15:07but they do suggest you're at higher risk of having a bigger stroke.
0:15:07 > 0:15:10And a bigger stroke could be more serious.
0:15:10 > 0:15:12The danger of that happening again is there at the minute
0:15:12 > 0:15:14so we'll get him checked over.
0:15:14 > 0:15:16'So it's an ambulance for Peter.'
0:15:16 > 0:15:19- I'm not sure he's at... Whoa!- Steady. Steady.- I'm not sure he's 100%.
0:15:19 > 0:15:22'He's still very unsteady but it's vitally important
0:15:22 > 0:15:27'that potential stroke victims are checked over as soon as possible.'
0:15:27 > 0:15:28- Good luck, Peter.- See you in a bit.
0:15:28 > 0:15:32So what Jan's able to do really well there is examine Peter,
0:15:32 > 0:15:34figure out where he needs to go to get the best treatment
0:15:34 > 0:15:36and get him there quickly.
0:15:36 > 0:15:38It's what the emergency services do really well.
0:15:42 > 0:15:45With hundreds of rapid response crews in the UK,
0:15:45 > 0:15:46if you have an accident,
0:15:46 > 0:15:49an emergency service like this won't be far away.
0:15:51 > 0:15:54Now we're getting Ouch & About with our mobile clinic.
0:15:56 > 0:16:00Today, we're at a theme park to help solve your medical mysteries.
0:16:00 > 0:16:02If you're anxious about an ailment,
0:16:02 > 0:16:04or curious about a condition,
0:16:04 > 0:16:07then the Ouch-mobile is the place for you.
0:16:07 > 0:16:08That is incredible.
0:16:08 > 0:16:11Xand is preparing the clinic ready for his patients
0:16:11 > 0:16:16and later, he'll be out in the park to answer your burning questions.
0:16:16 > 0:16:18At the clinic, Xand is open for business.
0:16:18 > 0:16:20Can I have the next patient?
0:16:20 > 0:16:22First in is nine-year-old Byron
0:16:22 > 0:16:26with a question about some interesting bumps on his body.
0:16:26 > 0:16:29So, Byron, why have you come to the Ouch-mobile today?
0:16:29 > 0:16:33To show my warts and my wart on here.
0:16:33 > 0:16:36- You've got two warts? - And they won't go away.
0:16:36 > 0:16:38What's the diagnosis, doc?
0:16:38 > 0:16:40Ah, sounds like to me like a case of...
0:16:44 > 0:16:47Double trouble.
0:16:47 > 0:16:48Let's have your thumb here.
0:16:48 > 0:16:53Now that is just an absolutely classic wart.
0:16:53 > 0:16:56Can we have a look at the one on your foot?
0:16:56 > 0:16:58Does it hurt at all? No?
0:16:58 > 0:17:00What can you do about warts?
0:17:00 > 0:17:04Well, a lot of warts just go away on their own, but for some people,
0:17:04 > 0:17:07they don't like the way they look or they take a long time to go away,
0:17:07 > 0:17:09and in that case, you can either put some chemicals on
0:17:09 > 0:17:12and that'll get rid of them or you can use a freezing treatment
0:17:12 > 0:17:14and that breaks the cells in the warts,
0:17:14 > 0:17:17that means the warts die and go away. But as long as you have got a wart,
0:17:17 > 0:17:18although it's not really a problem,
0:17:18 > 0:17:21you don't want to spread them onto other people, so if you go swimming,
0:17:21 > 0:17:24you want to put a sticky plaster over the wart on your thumb
0:17:24 > 0:17:26and the one on your foot and that'll stop them spreading.
0:17:28 > 0:17:30It's a busy day for Xand.
0:17:30 > 0:17:33He's leaving the clinic to go Ouch & About in the park
0:17:33 > 0:17:35to solve your medical mysteries.
0:17:35 > 0:17:38Why do you always feel sick after a rollercoaster?
0:17:38 > 0:17:41When you're on a rollercoaster, your ears, eyes and body
0:17:41 > 0:17:44are actually getting really different bits of information
0:17:44 > 0:17:47cos you're looking at things, things are all changing, going upside down,
0:17:47 > 0:17:50and your brain gets confused, and it actually thinks that
0:17:50 > 0:17:53you've eaten something poisonous that's making you crazy and so
0:17:53 > 0:17:56the response to eating something poisonous is to make you sick.
0:17:56 > 0:17:59That's actually why you're sick after being on a rollercoaster.
0:17:59 > 0:18:02Dr Xand, today I scratched my eye on a ride.
0:18:02 > 0:18:04Why does it go red?
0:18:04 > 0:18:07What happens is when you scratch the skin, you slightly injure it
0:18:07 > 0:18:10and your body's way of fixing injuries is to send blood
0:18:10 > 0:18:14to the area and that's what makes it look red cos blood's red.
0:18:14 > 0:18:16The reason your body does that is cos, in the blood,
0:18:16 > 0:18:19there's all sorts of good things like white blood cells and other things
0:18:19 > 0:18:22which help mend the injury, so I think you're going to be fine.
0:18:23 > 0:18:27Back at the Ouch-mobile, there's a new case in the waiting room.
0:18:27 > 0:18:29Can I have the next patient?
0:18:29 > 0:18:32And it's 11-year old Lucas with fascinating feet.
0:18:33 > 0:18:36So, Lucas, why have you come to the Ouch-mobile today?
0:18:36 > 0:18:37Well, I've got flat feet.
0:18:37 > 0:18:40What's the diagnosis, doc?
0:18:40 > 0:18:41Sounds like a case of...
0:18:43 > 0:18:45Well, that wasn't tricky to diagnose.
0:18:45 > 0:18:47So how long have you had flat feet for?
0:18:47 > 0:18:49Well, it's been about six months.
0:18:49 > 0:18:51OK. Now while Lucas is taking off his shoe,
0:18:51 > 0:18:53I'm going to do exactly the same thing
0:18:53 > 0:18:56so that we can compare his foot to my foot.
0:18:56 > 0:19:01So what you can see is that almost all of Lucas' foot
0:19:01 > 0:19:04is touching the ground. I've actually got quite a lot of room under here
0:19:04 > 0:19:08and that's the arch of your foot. And here Lucas' is just a bit collapsed.
0:19:08 > 0:19:11- So what actually causes flat feet? - If you imagine your foot
0:19:11 > 0:19:13as a structure that has to hold the whole weight of your body,
0:19:13 > 0:19:15especially when you're running and jumping,
0:19:15 > 0:19:18there's bones, ligaments and muscles all holding it together.
0:19:18 > 0:19:21If all these muscles holding that together weaken,
0:19:21 > 0:19:23gradually your foot can flatten out.
0:19:23 > 0:19:24But if they're causing you pain
0:19:24 > 0:19:26then your doctor can suggest some treatments,
0:19:26 > 0:19:28such as an insole in your shoe.
0:19:28 > 0:19:32For the majority of people, it doesn't cause any problems at all.
0:19:32 > 0:19:34Job done for today, clinic closed.
0:19:50 > 0:19:53The answer is B, your kidneys,
0:19:53 > 0:19:56and they make about 1.5 litres of it every day,
0:19:56 > 0:20:00but did you know your wee holds special powers?
0:20:00 > 0:20:02It's time for Investigation Ouch.
0:20:02 > 0:20:04PEEING
0:20:08 > 0:20:10Now, I know what you're thinking,
0:20:10 > 0:20:12"You should have flushed the toilet, Dr Chris."
0:20:12 > 0:20:14Well, you're wrong.
0:20:14 > 0:20:17I didn't use the toilet...
0:20:17 > 0:20:18but I am going to wash my hands.
0:20:20 > 0:20:23'I'm actually taking my wee to Bristol...'
0:20:23 > 0:20:24It's here somewhere.
0:20:24 > 0:20:26Can you get out the map?
0:20:26 > 0:20:29'..because apparently it contains hidden powers.'
0:20:30 > 0:20:33This is the Bristol Robotics Laboratory
0:20:33 > 0:20:35and some scientists here have decided that rather than
0:20:35 > 0:20:37flushing their wee down the toilet,
0:20:37 > 0:20:39they're going to use it as a power source
0:20:39 > 0:20:41and that's why I've brought mine all the way from London.
0:20:43 > 0:20:45I suppose I could have just gone when I got here.
0:20:50 > 0:20:51Come on, wee-wee.
0:20:53 > 0:20:56We're off to meet Dr Ioannis Ieropoulos.
0:20:56 > 0:20:59He's the brains behind the pee power.
0:20:59 > 0:21:01So, Ioannis, I've got something for you.
0:21:01 > 0:21:04- Oh, wow! Thank you very much, Chris. - It's my pleasure.
0:21:04 > 0:21:06So the first thing said about being here is
0:21:06 > 0:21:09- it really smells in here, huh? - Yes, it does.
0:21:09 > 0:21:10It's basically a bit like...
0:21:10 > 0:21:13Imagine if instead of leaving your classroom to go and pee,
0:21:13 > 0:21:15everyone just peed on the floor,
0:21:15 > 0:21:17that's a bit like what it smells like.
0:21:17 > 0:21:20But you're putting the wee here to slightly better use, aren't you?
0:21:20 > 0:21:24Yes. So we use urine as a fuel for electricity.
0:21:26 > 0:21:28Yep, you heard right!
0:21:28 > 0:21:31They're turning wee into electricity.
0:21:31 > 0:21:33So how do you do that?
0:21:33 > 0:21:35So, we will take this urine
0:21:35 > 0:21:38and we will add it into microbial fuel cells
0:21:38 > 0:21:41which are something like batteries,
0:21:41 > 0:21:45only they have living microorganisms inside, living bugs.
0:21:45 > 0:21:48The bugs living in the microbial fuel cells, or batteries,
0:21:48 > 0:21:52feed on the sugars and proteins in urine, breaking them down
0:21:52 > 0:21:54and this process creates electricity.
0:21:57 > 0:22:02In fact, this four litres of wee could create enough power
0:22:02 > 0:22:04for 20 minutes of talk time on a mobile phone,
0:22:04 > 0:22:06but that's not all it can do.
0:22:08 > 0:22:10Time to see my wee in action.
0:22:13 > 0:22:15So this is basically a battery, is that right?
0:22:15 > 0:22:17Yes, a very complicated one.
0:22:17 > 0:22:18And what do you use it to power?
0:22:18 > 0:22:22At the moment, we use it to power a remotely controlled car.
0:22:22 > 0:22:24- A remote controlled car?- Yeah.
0:22:24 > 0:22:27That's quite cool. I love remote control cars.
0:22:29 > 0:22:32To get the car moving, we first need to top up the battery.
0:22:32 > 0:22:35So each one of these things that I'm putting the urine into
0:22:35 > 0:22:39is a microbial fuel cell and there are bacteria in there
0:22:39 > 0:22:42that are going to eat the sugars and proteins in the urine
0:22:42 > 0:22:45and turn them into electricity which is then going to charge this car.
0:22:51 > 0:22:53That really works well!
0:22:53 > 0:22:58At the moment, it takes a very large battery to power a very little car,
0:22:58 > 0:23:01but hopefully it won't be long before the batteries get smaller
0:23:01 > 0:23:03and the things they can power get bigger.
0:23:05 > 0:23:08Ioannis, that is amazing, but what's the future?
0:23:08 > 0:23:11For the future, it's about developing the technology
0:23:11 > 0:23:14so that it can be implemented into developing world countries
0:23:14 > 0:23:16and provide electricity.
0:23:16 > 0:23:20So, one day, urine will hopefully create power for people in
0:23:20 > 0:23:24developing countries to light their homes and cook their food with.
0:23:24 > 0:23:27Obviously, this doesn't mean that you can go and pour urine
0:23:27 > 0:23:29into all the electronic kit in your house and expect it to work,
0:23:29 > 0:23:33that would be both incredibly dangerous and very, very smelly.
0:23:33 > 0:23:37But what we have seen is that scientists have invented a way
0:23:37 > 0:23:39of producing power from urine.
0:23:39 > 0:23:42Now, if they can only invent a way of getting rid of the smell.
0:23:47 > 0:23:48It's time to meet our next patient.
0:23:48 > 0:23:50And this is one of our favourites.
0:23:52 > 0:23:56In Manchester, 11-year old Oscar has been brought to hospital
0:23:56 > 0:24:00by his mum when he came home from football with a sore nose.
0:24:00 > 0:24:04I was playing football yesterday, someone elbowed me by accident
0:24:04 > 0:24:07and it felt like it just went on the side.
0:24:07 > 0:24:10Well, I'd definitely stop prodding it then!
0:24:10 > 0:24:13So, how exactly did this nose-bending accident happen?
0:24:13 > 0:24:16CHEERING
0:24:16 > 0:24:19It was football training at school and Oscar was in goal.
0:24:19 > 0:24:22His team were one up.
0:24:22 > 0:24:25- They look a bit out of breath. - And the crowd were going wild.
0:24:25 > 0:24:27CHEERING
0:24:27 > 0:24:29But the opposition were putting the pressure on
0:24:29 > 0:24:31and the ball was heading Oscar's way.
0:24:31 > 0:24:34Where's the defence? He's clean through!
0:24:34 > 0:24:36Oscar ran out to kick the ball clear...
0:24:38 > 0:24:41When all of a sudden there was a smash
0:24:41 > 0:24:44as his nose collided with his opponent's elbow.
0:24:44 > 0:24:46Yellow? I'd have gone for red
0:24:46 > 0:24:48but I guess ref NOSE best.
0:24:48 > 0:24:50That was terrible, Xand.
0:24:50 > 0:24:54Oscar's nose might not look that bent but with an accident like this,
0:24:54 > 0:24:57there's a good chance it could be broken.
0:24:57 > 0:24:58It feels weird.
0:24:58 > 0:24:59I bet it does.
0:24:59 > 0:25:02So let's get that weird-feeling nose seen to.
0:25:02 > 0:25:04Over to ear, nose and throat specialist,
0:25:04 > 0:25:06Mr Baskaran Ranganathan.
0:25:06 > 0:25:10He'll find out if anything's damaged.
0:25:10 > 0:25:12- Is it sore down here?- No.
0:25:12 > 0:25:16OK. The nasal bone is probably just broken at one point
0:25:16 > 0:25:19so that has shifted that bone to one side.
0:25:19 > 0:25:23With a break like this, that means only thing - an operation.
0:25:25 > 0:25:28Inside your nose, the tip is made of flexible cartilage
0:25:28 > 0:25:32but higher up there are two thin bones which make up your nasal bone.
0:25:32 > 0:25:35When these get a bang, it can break easily
0:25:35 > 0:25:38and need surgery to push them back into place.
0:25:41 > 0:25:45Oscar's had a general anaesthetic so he can't feel a thing
0:25:45 > 0:25:49and now it's down to Mr Baskaran to straighten his sniffer.
0:25:49 > 0:25:53The doctor uses forceps to pull the bones back into line.
0:25:53 > 0:25:56This might look nasty but if the bones aren't straightened up,
0:25:56 > 0:26:00Oscar could have breathing problems for life.
0:26:00 > 0:26:02There's a few final adjustments...
0:26:02 > 0:26:06and before he NOSE it, his nose is normal again.
0:26:06 > 0:26:09Strapped up with support strips across the bridge of his nose,
0:26:09 > 0:26:11it's all over.
0:26:11 > 0:26:14And an hour later, he's woken up.
0:26:14 > 0:26:16You look strange now your nose is straight.
0:26:16 > 0:26:19Well, Mum's happy, but what do you think?
0:26:19 > 0:26:22It's straight now and I can play football.
0:26:22 > 0:26:25Hold your horses! Your nose needs six to eight weeks to heal
0:26:25 > 0:26:27before you can get back in goal.
0:26:27 > 0:26:29But for now at least, you're off home.
0:26:29 > 0:26:30- Bye!- Bye!
0:26:34 > 0:26:37On this series of "Operation Ouch!", we've been on fire...
0:26:37 > 0:26:38- BOTH:- Wow!
0:26:38 > 0:26:41..showing you how your amazing body works.
0:26:41 > 0:26:43- FART - Urgh! Xand!
0:26:43 > 0:26:44- Urgh!- This is delicious.
0:26:44 > 0:26:45Cor, that's great.
0:26:45 > 0:26:49Accident and emergency has been jam-packed with your injuries.
0:26:49 > 0:26:51Cheek looked like a hamster cheek.
0:26:51 > 0:26:52That will do.
0:26:52 > 0:26:54'We've had incredible investigations.'
0:26:54 > 0:26:55Urgh!
0:26:55 > 0:26:56Isn't that amazing?
0:26:56 > 0:26:59'We've been on the road with the UK's paramedics.'
0:26:59 > 0:27:02My fingers are stuck to your head. No, not really.
0:27:02 > 0:27:04'We've opened the door of our Ouch-mobile...'
0:27:04 > 0:27:05Next patient, please.
0:27:05 > 0:27:07'..to solve your medical mysteries.'
0:27:07 > 0:27:10- Why is my birthmark shaped like Britain?- That is incredible.
0:27:10 > 0:27:12It's an excellent question.
0:27:12 > 0:27:14'And we've turned ourselves inside out...'
0:27:14 > 0:27:16Oh, you've cut him in half!
0:27:16 > 0:27:19Urgh! That is horrendous!
0:27:19 > 0:27:23'..to show you how incredible your body really is.'
0:27:23 > 0:27:24Whoa!
0:27:24 > 0:27:26This is a real heart.
0:27:26 > 0:27:29And digestive biscuits should only be enjoyed as a treat.
0:27:29 > 0:27:31XAND MUMBLES
0:27:32 > 0:27:34LAUGHTER
0:27:37 > 0:27:40- So you take care of yourself... - And that brilliant body of yours.
0:27:40 > 0:27:41- BOTH:- Bye!
0:27:46 > 0:27:49- Ha! You look really funny. - You look funny!
0:27:49 > 0:27:51Carrots can be a lot more dangerous than you think.
0:27:51 > 0:27:54And that's why I'm sticking to something a lot safer,
0:27:54 > 0:27:56like this yoghurt.