0:00:23 > 0:00:25VOICEOVER: He's Dr Chris.
0:00:25 > 0:00:26He's Dr Xand.
0:00:26 > 0:00:29And yes, we're identical twins.
0:00:29 > 0:00:34Do you know your body does heaps of amazing things every single day?
0:00:34 > 0:00:35That is incredible.
0:00:35 > 0:00:37And we're going to show you how.
0:00:37 > 0:00:39Huh! You've cut him in half.
0:00:40 > 0:00:42We've got incredible experiments.
0:00:42 > 0:00:44Whoa!
0:00:44 > 0:00:45And real life medical emergencies.
0:00:45 > 0:00:47The doctor's going to make it a lot better.
0:00:47 > 0:00:48Ouch!
0:00:48 > 0:00:51We'll be turning our bodies inside out.
0:00:51 > 0:00:53Oh! Yuk!
0:00:53 > 0:00:56To show you what you're made of.
0:00:56 > 0:00:58TRUMP SOUND You should see a doctor.
0:00:58 > 0:01:00Better go find one.
0:01:00 > 0:01:01XAND CLEARS HIS THROAT
0:01:01 > 0:01:04Dr Xand. Hmm.
0:01:04 > 0:01:05HE SIGHS
0:01:06 > 0:01:09- Coming.- Up.- Today.- On.- Operation. - Ouch!
0:01:12 > 0:01:15We find out how you taste...with your nose.
0:01:17 > 0:01:18Next patient, please.
0:01:18 > 0:01:22The clinic is open for business, to solve your medical mysteries.
0:01:22 > 0:01:25And we check out a printer...with a difference.
0:01:25 > 0:01:28The possibilities with 3D printing are limitless.
0:01:28 > 0:01:30But first...
0:01:30 > 0:01:33What started off as a normal day for our first patient
0:01:33 > 0:01:36has ended up with a trip to accident and emergency.
0:01:36 > 0:01:39Don't worry, Xand. She's in the right place.
0:01:39 > 0:01:40Phew!
0:01:41 > 0:01:43In Liverpool, 12-year-old Khadijah
0:01:43 > 0:01:46is in accident and emergency, with her dad.
0:01:46 > 0:01:48I've hurt my hand.
0:01:48 > 0:01:49Well, let's see it then.
0:01:49 > 0:01:53Ooh! How'd you do that?
0:01:53 > 0:01:57Khadijah was on her way to the bus stop. Rushing to get to school.
0:01:57 > 0:02:00Suddenly, she saw her bus coming down the road.
0:02:00 > 0:02:02It's going very fast.
0:02:02 > 0:02:04She's going to have to race to catch it.
0:02:04 > 0:02:08She did. Khadijah and the bus were neck and neck.
0:02:08 > 0:02:10Then the bus went faster.
0:02:10 > 0:02:14So Khadijah took a sneaky short cut, through the supermarket.
0:02:14 > 0:02:17She ran down the aisles. Past the breakfast cereal.
0:02:17 > 0:02:19Out the door and into the car park.
0:02:19 > 0:02:21Ooh! Good tactic!
0:02:21 > 0:02:23Look, she's ahead of the bus.
0:02:23 > 0:02:25She's going to make it.
0:02:25 > 0:02:27But then...she tripped.
0:02:27 > 0:02:29And she cut her hand on some glass.
0:02:29 > 0:02:31Ouch!
0:02:33 > 0:02:37Before anything else, Khadijah is sent for an X-ray of that hand.
0:02:37 > 0:02:38OK. All finished.
0:02:38 > 0:02:41Then, it's off to see...
0:02:41 > 0:02:43for an examination.
0:02:43 > 0:02:45Can you make a fist for me?
0:02:45 > 0:02:48Lovely. And stretch your hand out for me. Excellent.
0:02:48 > 0:02:50I was checking to see if she had a full range of movement
0:02:50 > 0:02:54to her hands. And checking to see if she had normal sensation.
0:02:54 > 0:02:56She had a little difficulty with moving her thumb.
0:02:56 > 0:02:58Your hand has 27 bones in it.
0:02:58 > 0:03:01As well as ligaments, that hold everything together.
0:03:01 > 0:03:04- They're not really blue, by the way. - Then there are the nerves,
0:03:04 > 0:03:06that give us feeling. And the tendons,
0:03:06 > 0:03:08that allow the hand to move.
0:03:08 > 0:03:12Some tendons and nerves are very close to the surface of your skin.
0:03:12 > 0:03:15And a deep cut like Khadijah's can easily damage them.
0:03:15 > 0:03:18You could lose feeling, or not be able to move your hand at all.
0:03:18 > 0:03:21Which is why a bad cut often needs surgery to fix it.
0:03:21 > 0:03:25What I'm going to do, I'm going to have a little look at your X-ray.
0:03:25 > 0:03:28Before any treatment, it's important to check for anything
0:03:28 > 0:03:29that might still be in the wound.
0:03:29 > 0:03:31I can't see any obvious glass.
0:03:31 > 0:03:33I'll go and have a little chat with Dad.
0:03:33 > 0:03:36So I think what we need to do is give it good clean.
0:03:36 > 0:03:38Put a lovely dressing on it.
0:03:38 > 0:03:40Start on some antibiotics.
0:03:40 > 0:03:43And I'm going to ask you to come back in the morning.
0:03:43 > 0:03:46We might need to get plastics to have a little look at her.
0:03:46 > 0:03:48Khadijah will be back in the morning,
0:03:48 > 0:03:50so a specialist can have a look at that cut
0:03:50 > 0:03:52and see if she's done any major damage.
0:03:52 > 0:03:54We'll catch up with her then.
0:03:57 > 0:04:00And now, to our lab.
0:04:00 > 0:04:01Ouch!
0:04:01 > 0:04:02For some amazing body experiments.
0:04:02 > 0:04:03Ugh!
0:04:03 > 0:04:06Just don't try anything you see here at home.
0:04:08 > 0:04:09Take a look at this.
0:04:10 > 0:04:12This is an MRI scan of my tongue
0:04:12 > 0:04:16as I'm speaking. And you can see, it's pretty huge.
0:04:16 > 0:04:19But speaking isn't the only thing you need your tongue for.
0:04:19 > 0:04:21One of the best things it does is help you taste.
0:04:21 > 0:04:25Your tongue is covered in small hair-like projections.
0:04:25 > 0:04:26As I'm going show you.
0:04:26 > 0:04:29Right, Xand, open your mouth nice and wide.
0:04:29 > 0:04:31Ugh! Not hair like that.
0:04:31 > 0:04:34I said, "Hair-like projections."
0:04:34 > 0:04:37Can't see them with your naked eye. So take a look at this.
0:04:37 > 0:04:40This is a super close-up of your tongue.
0:04:40 > 0:04:43This red blob is called a papilla.
0:04:43 > 0:04:45Your taste buds sit on the side of it.
0:04:45 > 0:04:46And they contain tiny hair-like
0:04:46 > 0:04:48projections, called microvilli
0:04:48 > 0:04:49to help you taste.
0:04:49 > 0:04:51And if you look at your tongue,
0:04:51 > 0:04:54the bumps you can see are the papillae.
0:04:54 > 0:04:56And the more papillae you have on your tongue,
0:04:56 > 0:05:00the more taste buds you have and the more sensitive to taste you are.
0:05:00 > 0:05:03And you have more of them than we do.
0:05:03 > 0:05:04Because we're doctors.
0:05:04 > 0:05:06No, Xand, because we're adults.
0:05:06 > 0:05:08We have around 5,000 covering our tongues.
0:05:08 > 0:05:10But you have 10,000.
0:05:10 > 0:05:12That's twice as many.
0:05:12 > 0:05:15And to prove it, Chris, I've brought in a sample.
0:05:17 > 0:05:19This sample is nine years old.
0:05:19 > 0:05:21This isn't a sample, it's a child!
0:05:21 > 0:05:25Anyway, the point is, we're going to compare Chris' papillae,
0:05:25 > 0:05:26with the sample's.
0:05:26 > 0:05:30But first, I need to cover your tongues in blue food dye.
0:05:30 > 0:05:33'The blue dye will show up all the papillae.'
0:05:33 > 0:05:35And now, the sample.
0:05:35 > 0:05:37I have a name, you know, and it's Hermione.
0:05:37 > 0:05:39Very noisy sample! Give me your tongue.
0:05:41 > 0:05:43Nice blue tongue, Hermione.
0:05:43 > 0:05:46Xand is putting a glass slide on both our tongues,
0:05:46 > 0:05:48to make it easier to count the papillae.
0:05:48 > 0:05:52Chris's papillae are those little pale dots, right there.
0:05:52 > 0:05:54And these are Hermione's.
0:05:54 > 0:05:56You can see that there's way more
0:05:56 > 0:05:57on her tongue.
0:05:57 > 0:05:58And that means more taste buds.
0:05:58 > 0:06:00Good job, Hermione!
0:06:02 > 0:06:05As we get older, your taste buds deteriorate
0:06:05 > 0:06:07and they aren't replaced.
0:06:07 > 0:06:09Which is why YOU will be much more sensitive
0:06:09 > 0:06:13to strong flavours like garlic than your mum or dad.
0:06:13 > 0:06:15There are certain things though, like a cold...
0:06:15 > 0:06:17CHRIS SNEEZES ..that can play havoc
0:06:17 > 0:06:20- with everybody's sense of taste.- But why would having a bunged up nose
0:06:20 > 0:06:23affect your taste? Well, we're going to show you.
0:06:26 > 0:06:28Xand. Meet Mr Big Mouth.
0:06:28 > 0:06:31Hello. Uh! You've cut him in half.
0:06:31 > 0:06:34- Why don't you call him Mr Cut In Half?- Xand.
0:06:34 > 0:06:37Now, when you eat food, odour molecules are released
0:06:37 > 0:06:40and swirl around your mouth, but also right up into this.
0:06:40 > 0:06:43This is the passage that connects your mouth to your nose.
0:06:43 > 0:06:46And right up here, at the back of your nose,
0:06:46 > 0:06:50are lots of sensors called -
0:06:50 > 0:06:54Which sense and identify different odour or smell molecules
0:06:54 > 0:06:56and tell your brain what it is you're tasting.
0:06:56 > 0:07:02So, to show you this, we're going to use an equally oversized bit of kit.
0:07:02 > 0:07:05'The smell molecule blower thingy.'
0:07:05 > 0:07:07Also, we'll need our safety equipment
0:07:07 > 0:07:08and these polystyrene balls
0:07:08 > 0:07:12to represent those smell or odour molecules.
0:07:12 > 0:07:15Three, two, one...blow!
0:07:18 > 0:07:21We're cheating a bit cos our smell molecules are being blown in.
0:07:21 > 0:07:24But inside your body, the smell molecules in food
0:07:24 > 0:07:27are released naturally as you chew.
0:07:27 > 0:07:29Wow! That went really well.
0:07:29 > 0:07:33You can see how the smell molecules race through the back of the mouth
0:07:33 > 0:07:35and up the tube connecting it to the nose.
0:07:35 > 0:07:38And right onto the olfactory receptors,
0:07:38 > 0:07:40which instantly recognise the smell
0:07:40 > 0:07:42and tell your brain what you're tasting.
0:07:42 > 0:07:45And your olfactory receptors can also protect you
0:07:45 > 0:07:48because they can tell if something is bad before you eat it.
0:07:48 > 0:07:52As soon as they whiff something, like off milk, they alert your brain
0:07:52 > 0:07:53so you know not to eat it.
0:07:53 > 0:07:57But, Xand. What would happen if Mr Big Mouth got a cold?
0:07:57 > 0:07:58That would be disgusting!
0:07:58 > 0:08:00We're going to need a lot of snot!
0:08:03 > 0:08:08We're smearing our snot inside the passages of our giant mouth and nose
0:08:08 > 0:08:10just like when you have a cold.
0:08:10 > 0:08:14Let's see what happens now that Mr Big Mouth has got a big cold.
0:08:14 > 0:08:16- You ready?- Go!
0:08:25 > 0:08:30'Look. this time the odour molecules are getting stuck in the snot.
0:08:30 > 0:08:33'They aren't getting anywhere near the olfactory receptors.'
0:08:33 > 0:08:35And that means no taste.
0:08:35 > 0:08:39Yeah, Mr Big Nose wouldn't be able to taste anything at all.
0:08:39 > 0:08:43Except for that one tiny polystyrene ball.
0:08:43 > 0:08:45So we've shown that, like Hermione's tongue,
0:08:45 > 0:08:48you've got twice the number of taste buds as us.
0:08:48 > 0:08:50Or your mum and dad, or any adult.
0:08:50 > 0:08:53But as good as your tongue is, you also need your nose,
0:08:53 > 0:08:55if you really want to savour a flavour.
0:08:58 > 0:09:01Now we're getting Ouch & About with our mobile clinic.
0:09:03 > 0:09:08Today, we're at a theme park. To help solve your medical mysteries.
0:09:08 > 0:09:10If you're anxious about an ailment.
0:09:10 > 0:09:12Or curious about a condition.
0:09:12 > 0:09:13Then the Ouch Mobile
0:09:13 > 0:09:14is the place for you.
0:09:14 > 0:09:17That is incredible. Chris is preparing the clinic,
0:09:17 > 0:09:20ready for his first patient.
0:09:20 > 0:09:24And Xand is out in the park, to answer your burning questions.
0:09:24 > 0:09:26At the clinic, Chris is open for business.
0:09:26 > 0:09:28Next patient, please.
0:09:28 > 0:09:30First in is brother/sister tag team,
0:09:30 > 0:09:33nine-year-old Arman and Tomanna, aged 10.
0:09:33 > 0:09:35What has brought you to the Ouch Mobile, today?
0:09:35 > 0:09:38I've got a terrifying rotten gum.
0:09:38 > 0:09:42- Tomanna, what have you got?- I think I've got a tooth on top of another.
0:09:42 > 0:09:44What's your double diagnosis, doc?
0:09:44 > 0:09:46This sounds like a rare case of...
0:09:51 > 0:09:53Easy for you to say!
0:09:53 > 0:09:54Open wide.
0:09:54 > 0:09:56How long have you had this problem for?
0:09:56 > 0:09:59As...long...as...I...have...lived.
0:09:59 > 0:10:01As long as you've lived.
0:10:01 > 0:10:04I don't think you've got an extra tooth,
0:10:04 > 0:10:05I think the teeth are crowded.
0:10:05 > 0:10:07So that one's being squeezed out.
0:10:07 > 0:10:09What can I do about it?
0:10:09 > 0:10:11Well, you can see a dentist, is probably the best thing.
0:10:11 > 0:10:13OK.
0:10:13 > 0:10:14Right, open wide.
0:10:14 > 0:10:16Ohh! Look at that!
0:10:16 > 0:10:19Ouch! A bad case of tooth decay.
0:10:19 > 0:10:21Half your tooth...is missing.
0:10:21 > 0:10:24So, Arman, how long do you brush your teeth for?
0:10:24 > 0:10:27- 50 seconds.- 50 seconds? Tomanna, how long does your brother...
0:10:27 > 0:10:29- Five to ten seconds.- Five to ten seconds.
0:10:29 > 0:10:32This could be the reason why Arman's tooth is rotten.
0:10:32 > 0:10:34Teeth need looking after.
0:10:34 > 0:10:35And that means brushing them
0:10:35 > 0:10:37twice a day for about two minutes.
0:10:37 > 0:10:40- And how many times a day do you brush your teeth?- Once.
0:10:40 > 0:10:42And how often should you brush your teeth?
0:10:42 > 0:10:44Um...twice.
0:10:44 > 0:10:46Arman's tooth will need to be taken out.
0:10:46 > 0:10:49But to keep the rest of his gnashers, he needs to get brushing.
0:10:49 > 0:10:52It can be boring though, so any tips, Chris?
0:10:52 > 0:10:54Stand on one leg, for a minute,
0:10:54 > 0:10:57while you brush the bottom half of your teeth.
0:10:57 > 0:10:59Then stand on the other leg for a minute
0:10:59 > 0:11:00while you brush the top half.
0:11:00 > 0:11:03I'm impressed! I think I'll try that myself!
0:11:03 > 0:11:07Away from the clinic, Xand is Ouch & About in the park.
0:11:08 > 0:11:11Dr Xand, I have something that I need to show you.
0:11:11 > 0:11:14You've got bleeding under your nail and the blood's got old,
0:11:14 > 0:11:16so it's gone black.
0:11:16 > 0:11:19That white line is how far your nail has grown, since you injured it.
0:11:19 > 0:11:21In about four months, that'll get to the front
0:11:21 > 0:11:24and your nail might fall off. But it'll grow back again,
0:11:24 > 0:11:26- so you'll be fine.- Why is it,
0:11:26 > 0:11:28when you go upside down on rollercoasters,
0:11:28 > 0:11:29does your face go red?
0:11:29 > 0:11:32But when you walk normally your feet aren't red?
0:11:32 > 0:11:35Cos you're designed to stand up, not stand on your head,
0:11:35 > 0:11:38there are actually valves, which only allow the blood
0:11:38 > 0:11:41to go one direction around your body. If the blood tries to go backwards
0:11:41 > 0:11:44into your feet, it can't go that direction.
0:11:44 > 0:11:47- Does that make sense?- Yeah.- It's an excellent question.
0:11:47 > 0:11:50Back at the Ouch Mobile, there's a new case in the waiting room.
0:11:50 > 0:11:51Next patient, please.
0:11:51 > 0:11:53And, it's ten-year-old Alex,
0:11:53 > 0:11:56who's got some fascinating features on his fingers.
0:11:56 > 0:11:59So, Alex, what brings you to the Ouch Mobile today?
0:11:59 > 0:12:02I've got a really weird thing, that both my little fingers are bent.
0:12:02 > 0:12:04What's the diagnosis, doc?
0:12:04 > 0:12:06It sounds to me like a case of...
0:12:09 > 0:12:11That's right, Chris.
0:12:11 > 0:12:13So, what we can see here
0:12:13 > 0:12:14is that the last bit
0:12:14 > 0:12:16of the little finger
0:12:16 > 0:12:17on both hands...
0:12:17 > 0:12:19is just bending in.
0:12:19 > 0:12:21And that's cos this bone
0:12:21 > 0:12:23has a slightly odd shape.
0:12:23 > 0:12:25So instead of being flat,
0:12:25 > 0:12:27that's just twisted in.
0:12:27 > 0:12:29So do you know what this is called?
0:12:30 > 0:12:32Way to go, Dr Alex.
0:12:32 > 0:12:34We can also call it...
0:12:35 > 0:12:38Ah, yes. The Greek for, um, er...
0:12:38 > 0:12:41- Bent little finger.- Exactly!
0:12:41 > 0:12:43Will they ever go back to normal shape?
0:12:43 > 0:12:47They're never going to grow straight because the bone in the finger
0:12:47 > 0:12:49is a different shape on both sides.
0:12:49 > 0:12:51So it...it will always be bent.
0:12:51 > 0:12:53Now, it may be possible to have some exercises,
0:12:53 > 0:12:56that make the things you want to do a bit easier.
0:12:56 > 0:12:58OK. Thanks, Dr Chris.
0:12:58 > 0:13:00- That's a pleasure. - Job done for today.
0:13:02 > 0:13:04'Still to come.
0:13:04 > 0:13:06'I'm on the road with the emergency services.'
0:13:06 > 0:13:09We've been called to see someone with diabetes.
0:13:09 > 0:13:10We need to get there...quickly.
0:13:10 > 0:13:14- 'We show you what to do if this happens...'- Argh!
0:13:14 > 0:13:17And Chris comes face to face with his own skull.
0:13:17 > 0:13:20If I do that, it's exactly like scratching my own head.
0:13:22 > 0:13:24Back in accident and emergency,
0:13:24 > 0:13:27Khadijah is waiting for surgery on her cut hand.
0:13:27 > 0:13:29Let's see her get fixed.
0:13:30 > 0:13:34In the waiting room in Liverpool, Khadijah's in with a cut hand.
0:13:35 > 0:13:39Khadijah was racing for her bus to school.
0:13:39 > 0:13:41They were neck and neck but then the bus went faster.
0:13:41 > 0:13:44As she chased it, she tripped and cut her hand.
0:13:44 > 0:13:45Ouch!
0:13:47 > 0:13:49After being patched up,
0:13:49 > 0:13:51she's now back to see hand specialist...
0:13:53 > 0:13:57He's concerned she may have damaged her tendons or nerves.
0:13:57 > 0:13:59Is that OK or not too bad?
0:13:59 > 0:14:01Um, that... My finger's OK but I just feel, like,
0:14:01 > 0:14:03these little effects coming down here.
0:14:03 > 0:14:05So, what's the verdict, doc?
0:14:05 > 0:14:09I think this is going to need for us to do a small operation.
0:14:09 > 0:14:10OK?
0:14:10 > 0:14:13But if we find there are some injuries
0:14:13 > 0:14:15to your tendons and nerves,
0:14:15 > 0:14:18then we may need to try to repair these.
0:14:18 > 0:14:22So it's off to the operating theatre, to get this sorted.
0:14:22 > 0:14:25- SURGEON:- We're going to have a look at your right hand today.
0:14:25 > 0:14:28Khadijah's given an anaesthetic, so she sleeps through the operation.
0:14:28 > 0:14:31Once they start, they get a surprise.
0:14:31 > 0:14:33The wound is very, very superficial.
0:14:33 > 0:14:36So it's less likely we're going to need to do anything more
0:14:36 > 0:14:38than give it a clean and dress it.
0:14:38 > 0:14:41Well, that's brilliant news for Khadijah.
0:14:41 > 0:14:43Her hand is fine after all.
0:14:43 > 0:14:46So what have you learned, Khadijah?
0:14:46 > 0:14:48I've learned to never rush for a bus
0:14:48 > 0:14:50or take short cuts in places
0:14:50 > 0:14:52that aren't really safe.
0:14:52 > 0:14:54Wise words. Bye!
0:14:54 > 0:14:56Give us a wave!
0:15:02 > 0:15:05We're on call with the UK emergency services,
0:15:05 > 0:15:09showing you what it's really like on the front line saving lives.
0:15:13 > 0:15:15This is a rapid response car.
0:15:15 > 0:15:18It's one of a fleet of vehicles that respond to up
0:15:18 > 0:15:21to 3,000 emergencies a day here in the West Midlands.
0:15:21 > 0:15:23Time to find out what it's like to be
0:15:23 > 0:15:26first at the scene of a medical emergency.
0:15:26 > 0:15:30On call with me is paramedic Jan Vann.
0:15:31 > 0:15:34She can do 20 emergency call-outs in a day!
0:15:36 > 0:15:38And a new case has come in.
0:15:38 > 0:15:40So, we've been called to see someone with diabetes.
0:15:40 > 0:15:42We don't know exactly what the problem is yet.
0:15:42 > 0:15:44Their sugar could be high, it could be low.
0:15:44 > 0:15:46There could be something else going on.
0:15:46 > 0:15:49But what we know is we need to get there quickly.
0:15:49 > 0:15:52'Moments later, we arrive at the house.'
0:15:52 > 0:15:53- Hiya.- Oh, sorry.
0:15:53 > 0:15:57'Inside, a man, Tony, is having some problems with a medical
0:15:57 > 0:15:59'condition called diabetes.
0:15:59 > 0:16:02'That means his body doesn't produce a chemical called insulin and
0:16:02 > 0:16:05'his blood sugar levels get out of control.'
0:16:05 > 0:16:08I've woke up this morning, I've got a blood sugar of 20.
0:16:08 > 0:16:09OK.
0:16:09 > 0:16:11Checked it an hour later and it's still at 17.
0:16:11 > 0:16:16- OK.- Done another ten units each arm and it's dropped down to 1.4.- OK.
0:16:16 > 0:16:20So Tony's very sensibly called the paramedics because his blood
0:16:20 > 0:16:22sugar is too low.
0:16:22 > 0:16:26The problem is, earlier in the day, it was too high and he took insulin
0:16:26 > 0:16:29to bring it down, and he's taken too much insulin and he can't get it
0:16:29 > 0:16:32back up again cos the insulin's still in the system and working.
0:16:33 > 0:16:35Once your heart and your blood pressure
0:16:35 > 0:16:37have been checked out and they're fine, I can pop a drip
0:16:37 > 0:16:40in your arm and give you some...give your some glucose fluids.
0:16:40 > 0:16:43'Tony's heart and blood pressure look fine.'
0:16:43 > 0:16:44I feel actually a lot better
0:16:44 > 0:16:46- than I did when you came through the door.- Good.
0:16:46 > 0:16:50'So Jan can now help boost his blood sugar levels by giving him a
0:16:50 > 0:16:52'sugar called glucose.'
0:16:52 > 0:16:54He's not able to eat at the moment, and he's vomiting when he does eat,
0:16:54 > 0:16:57so he can't maintain sugar levels for himself.
0:16:57 > 0:16:59So that's going to raise his sugars up hopefully enough
0:16:59 > 0:17:00that he can cope at home.
0:17:00 > 0:17:03If it drops again, then he'll have to go to hospital.
0:17:03 > 0:17:048.7.
0:17:04 > 0:17:06- Get some food down you. - Yeah.- Please.
0:17:06 > 0:17:10'As Tony's blood sugar levels return to normal he can hold down
0:17:10 > 0:17:13'food and start to manage his diabetes on his own again.'
0:17:14 > 0:17:17When it's really severe like it's been today, then you need
0:17:17 > 0:17:18a little bit of extra help.
0:17:18 > 0:17:22So, when we arrived, Tony's blood sugar was dangerously low.
0:17:22 > 0:17:24Now he's much more relaxed and crucially he's safe
0:17:24 > 0:17:26and he hasn't had to go to hospital.
0:17:26 > 0:17:30And that's all thanks to the emergency services.
0:17:30 > 0:17:33With hundreds of rapid response crews in the UK, if you have
0:17:33 > 0:17:37an accident, an emergency service like this won't be far away.
0:17:49 > 0:17:51So you'd better look after that skin of yours!
0:17:54 > 0:17:57I don't know about you, but I absolutely love making things.
0:17:57 > 0:18:00But even in the safety of the classroom, there's still
0:18:00 > 0:18:02- a lot of potential danger.- Oh!
0:18:04 > 0:18:07For example, you could cut yourself on a piece of paper.
0:18:07 > 0:18:09I don't think so, Chris.
0:18:09 > 0:18:12Or you could end up covering yourself in glue.
0:18:12 > 0:18:13Doesn't seem very likely.
0:18:13 > 0:18:15Anyway, I'm finished.
0:18:15 > 0:18:16So am I!
0:18:16 > 0:18:20HE IMITATES PLANE MOTOR
0:18:20 > 0:18:22Or, finally, I guess you could make something
0:18:22 > 0:18:25so bad that your twin brother ends up laughing at you.
0:18:25 > 0:18:26Ha!
0:18:26 > 0:18:28I'm going to tell the teacher!
0:18:28 > 0:18:30Ah!
0:18:30 > 0:18:31Oh!
0:18:31 > 0:18:33My head!
0:18:33 > 0:18:35Uh-oh! Looks like an injury alert.
0:18:57 > 0:19:00- So what's the answer?- C.- Why?
0:19:00 > 0:19:03Cos you need to put pressure so it stops bleeding.
0:19:03 > 0:19:05Yes, Issa is absolutely right.
0:19:07 > 0:19:08Now check this out.
0:19:08 > 0:19:12So, I'm just... What it is going on up on top of that building?
0:19:12 > 0:19:13That's really weird.
0:19:16 > 0:19:18Oh, Xand! You've cut your head!
0:19:18 > 0:19:19Aargh!
0:19:19 > 0:19:21So you know what we'll do now, we'll get a cloth.
0:19:21 > 0:19:24If you don't have a tea towel, get a shirt. You could
0:19:24 > 0:19:28tear off a bit of shirt and press hard on the area that's bleeding.
0:19:28 > 0:19:30And then it stops bleeding, and you get an adult.
0:19:30 > 0:19:32Aargh!
0:19:32 > 0:19:35I'm trying to press hard with just my thumb on the one spot
0:19:35 > 0:19:39where he's bleeding. OK. So, do you guys want to have a go?
0:19:39 > 0:19:41KIDS: Yes!
0:19:41 > 0:19:43Ah! I'm hurt.
0:19:43 > 0:19:45Remember, we're showing you what to do in an emergency,
0:19:45 > 0:19:47but it's always best to find an adult.
0:19:47 > 0:19:49Quick, quick, quick!
0:19:50 > 0:19:54- Put pressure.- That was very quick acting. That was great.
0:19:54 > 0:19:58I'd get my thumb in the tea towel and I press quite hard like,
0:19:58 > 0:19:59like that.
0:19:59 > 0:20:01Do you think it's likely she might be feeling a bit faint?
0:20:01 > 0:20:04- Yes.- Yeah. So what should we do if she's feeling a bit faint?
0:20:04 > 0:20:05Sit her down.
0:20:05 > 0:20:08- Do you want to sit down? - Yeah. Ow! Ow! It hurts! Ow!
0:20:08 > 0:20:10What are we going to do now?
0:20:10 > 0:20:11Call and ambulance.
0:20:11 > 0:20:12No, ask for help.
0:20:12 > 0:20:14I think ask for help. Ask for an adult.
0:20:14 > 0:20:15'So that's it.
0:20:15 > 0:20:19'If you have a bleeding gash on your head, use a piece of cloth or
0:20:19 > 0:20:22'your shirt to apply pressure to stop the bleeding.
0:20:22 > 0:20:26'Sit the patient down if they're feeling faint and tell and adult.'
0:20:26 > 0:20:28I'm sorry I laughed at your spaceship, Xand.
0:20:28 > 0:20:30That's OK. You're forgiven.
0:20:30 > 0:20:32Good. Well, in that case, I'll tidy up.
0:20:36 > 0:20:37Are you sure I'm forgiven?
0:20:37 > 0:20:39Yes. Totally!
0:20:52 > 0:20:54Xand. What are you up to?
0:20:54 > 0:20:56I'm a bit busy at the moment, Chris.
0:20:56 > 0:20:57What you busy with?
0:20:57 > 0:21:00I'm trying to do 3D printing!
0:21:00 > 0:21:03Xand, that's not how 3D printing works.
0:21:03 > 0:21:07Well, how does it work if you're so clever, Mr Smarty-pants!
0:21:07 > 0:21:09Time for Investigation Ouch!
0:21:13 > 0:21:14Do this.
0:21:14 > 0:21:16Feel your own head.
0:21:17 > 0:21:22It's the easiest way of getting a sense of what your skull is like.
0:21:22 > 0:21:25But wouldn't it be better if you could actually see it?
0:21:25 > 0:21:28Well, today, I'm going to do just that.
0:21:28 > 0:21:33I'm about to come face-to-face with my own skull!
0:21:36 > 0:21:38First stop, an MRI scanner.
0:21:39 > 0:21:42It takes pictures of your body including your tissue,
0:21:42 > 0:21:44blood vessels, organs...
0:21:44 > 0:21:47And mostly important today - my bones.
0:21:51 > 0:21:53The MRI takes thousands of images.
0:21:53 > 0:21:57It's almost like slicing the skull and taking a picture of each slice.
0:21:57 > 0:22:01On here, I've got loads of pictures of my head.
0:22:01 > 0:22:03And we're going to do something that
0:22:03 > 0:22:06until recently would have seemed like science fiction.
0:22:06 > 0:22:09That's right, I'm going to print my skull!
0:22:12 > 0:22:14This is a 3D printer.
0:22:14 > 0:22:16It's not like a normal printer with ink and paper.
0:22:16 > 0:22:19This prints things you can pick up and use.
0:22:19 > 0:22:22But one of the most amazing things it can do is print replacement
0:22:22 > 0:22:25body parts. And to prove it, I'm going to print
0:22:25 > 0:22:26an exact copy of my skull.
0:22:28 > 0:22:31My MRI scan images are sent to this printer, which then prints
0:22:31 > 0:22:35each slice of my skull as a thin layer of blue glue in this
0:22:35 > 0:22:38bed of powder until the complete skull is created.
0:22:38 > 0:22:41In charge of 3D printing at Nottingham University
0:22:41 > 0:22:43is Dr Glen Kirkham.
0:22:44 > 0:22:45So that's your skull.
0:22:45 > 0:22:48'Now they've printed the skull in blue, just for me.'
0:22:48 > 0:22:50It's very, very creepy actually.
0:22:50 > 0:22:53If I do that, it's exactly like scratching my own head!
0:22:53 > 0:22:56He may not look a lot like me,
0:22:56 > 0:23:01but, in fact, the shape of your skull enormously influences
0:23:01 > 0:23:04the way you look because no two skulls are alike.
0:23:04 > 0:23:08Your skull is the only one of its kind in the world.
0:23:08 > 0:23:11And did you know you have a hole in the back of your head as well?
0:23:11 > 0:23:12- That?- Yeah.
0:23:12 > 0:23:14Is that just a glitch with the printer?
0:23:14 > 0:23:17No. You have a little hole in the back of your head.
0:23:17 > 0:23:19What's a bit odd is I can feel it with this finger
0:23:19 > 0:23:23on the printed skull and then I can feel exactly the same
0:23:23 > 0:23:26little hole with this finger on my real skull.
0:23:26 > 0:23:28That's not right!
0:23:28 > 0:23:33But 3D printing isn't just fun, it's got a real medical use.
0:23:33 > 0:23:37Scientists are now 3D printing more complex bits of the body.
0:23:37 > 0:23:40Even something that seems simple - like your nose has a bony bit
0:23:40 > 0:23:43at the top and then soft tissue at the bottom -
0:23:43 > 0:23:46and the latest 3D printers can do both.
0:23:48 > 0:23:52Meet the mind-blowing, megatastic master of 3D printing.
0:23:52 > 0:23:55What makes this incredible piece of technology different to the
0:23:55 > 0:23:59one that printed my skull is that it not only prints hard bones
0:23:59 > 0:24:03using a special plastic and powder, it also prints soft tissue using
0:24:03 > 0:24:08a gel filled with live cells which could become real working organs.
0:24:08 > 0:24:11But to do that, the printer needs to know which order to put
0:24:11 > 0:24:12the cells in.
0:24:14 > 0:24:17So, if you want to print a heart, then you need to get the billions
0:24:17 > 0:24:21of cells in your body into the right order to make a heart.
0:24:21 > 0:24:23And if you want to make a kidney, then all the cells need to be
0:24:23 > 0:24:25put in a different order.
0:24:26 > 0:24:28The way scientists do this is
0:24:28 > 0:24:31by moving the cells on a computer tablet.
0:24:31 > 0:24:33This is our digital tweezer system.
0:24:33 > 0:24:35So this lets us grab individual cells
0:24:35 > 0:24:38and move them around wherever we want them to go.
0:24:38 > 0:24:41So, unbelievably, my finger is moving cells that are under a
0:24:41 > 0:24:43microscope in another building.
0:24:43 > 0:24:45That is awesome.
0:24:45 > 0:24:48The possibilities with 3D printing are limitless.
0:24:48 > 0:24:52Even within your lifetime, it might be possible that
0:24:52 > 0:24:55if you damage a bit of your body, we could simply print you another one.
0:24:55 > 0:24:57Isn't that amazing?
0:24:57 > 0:24:59'I think I'd look better in green though, Chris.'
0:25:04 > 0:25:07In the UK, over five million people have to visit the emergency
0:25:07 > 0:25:09department every year.
0:25:09 > 0:25:11And our next patient is one of them.
0:25:13 > 0:25:18In Manchester, four-year-old Benji has arrived with a cut on his eye.
0:25:18 > 0:25:20Oh! How did he do that?
0:25:20 > 0:25:24I was being a pterodactyl and stuff.
0:25:24 > 0:25:26A pterodactyl?
0:25:26 > 0:25:27A dinosaur, Xand.
0:25:27 > 0:25:30- BOTH:- We've got to see this.
0:25:30 > 0:25:33One day at school, Benji and his chums were playing at being
0:25:33 > 0:25:34dinosaurs.
0:25:34 > 0:25:35Jurassic-tastic!
0:25:35 > 0:25:38Uh, there weren't cavemen in dinosaur times.
0:25:38 > 0:25:39It's just pretend, Xand.
0:25:39 > 0:25:43Shannon was a triceratops, Christian was a sauropod
0:25:43 > 0:25:44and Benji was a pterodactyl.
0:25:45 > 0:25:47What's that, they're on, Chris?
0:25:47 > 0:25:50- Stilts.- Dinosaurs on stilts?
0:25:50 > 0:25:52Well, this is fun.
0:25:52 > 0:25:55Hang on a minute though, Xand. On Benji's next step,
0:25:55 > 0:25:59one of the stilts flew off his foot and into his face, cutting his eye.
0:25:59 > 0:26:01- BOTH:- Ouch!
0:26:01 > 0:26:04It was bleeding.
0:26:04 > 0:26:06Now it's not bleeding any more.
0:26:06 > 0:26:08- Great.- Here comes...
0:26:08 > 0:26:12DINOSAUR GROWLS A dinosaur?
0:26:12 > 0:26:15No, Xand, it's Dr Adam Whitehead.
0:26:16 > 0:26:19First, he makes sure there's no damage anywhere else.
0:26:19 > 0:26:21Nothing wrong there. Now for the cut.
0:26:21 > 0:26:25Oh, yeah! OK. We've got a little bit of a hole here, haven't we?
0:26:25 > 0:26:28He's given himself a big bruise, a big shiner above his eye,
0:26:28 > 0:26:29and there's a little cut in it.
0:26:29 > 0:26:33Sometimes a cut needs to be stitched up, but in this case...
0:26:33 > 0:26:35I think I've got some good news for you.
0:26:35 > 0:26:39It doesn't look deep enough for us to need to put stitches in.
0:26:39 > 0:26:41What we might be able to do is glue you back together.
0:26:41 > 0:26:44Special medical glue is good for fixing wounds.
0:26:44 > 0:26:47It's just like superglue but for humans.
0:26:47 > 0:26:49But will it work on a dinosaur, though?
0:26:49 > 0:26:51It's very sticky and very strong.
0:26:51 > 0:26:53I think that's sorted, isn't it?
0:26:53 > 0:26:54All fixed, Mum.
0:26:54 > 0:26:55Super star!
0:26:55 > 0:26:59The good news is you don't need to wash your face for five days.
0:26:59 > 0:27:00Well, that doesn't impress Benji.
0:27:00 > 0:27:03That swelling will go down over the next couple of weeks
0:27:03 > 0:27:04and it will disappear.
0:27:04 > 0:27:05Nor does that!
0:27:05 > 0:27:08Now I can be a dinosaur again.
0:27:08 > 0:27:09That's more like it.
0:27:09 > 0:27:10Raaah!
0:27:10 > 0:27:11Oh! Scary!
0:27:11 > 0:27:15I think he's the first probably real life pterodactyl I've ever treated.
0:27:15 > 0:27:17LOUD STOMPING
0:27:17 > 0:27:20Gosh, maybe he really is a dinosaur.
0:27:20 > 0:27:22DINOSAUR GROWL
0:27:22 > 0:27:24- BOTH:- Bye!
0:27:24 > 0:27:27Next time on Operation Ouch...
0:27:27 > 0:27:29'Chris spends a penny in the lab!'
0:27:29 > 0:27:32And you can't see his bladder any more at all.
0:27:32 > 0:27:33Completely empty.
0:27:33 > 0:27:36'We've got more first aid tips.'
0:27:36 > 0:27:38Uh-oh! Xand's gone pale and unresponsive.
0:27:38 > 0:27:41'And Chris has a rather unusual hospital appointment.'
0:27:41 > 0:27:45It's like being inspected by a really nosey robot.
0:27:47 > 0:27:49So we'll see you next time for more...
0:27:49 > 0:27:50- BOTH:- Operation Ouch.
0:27:54 > 0:27:57Would the... Wha... Sorry.
0:27:57 > 0:28:00We're going to compare Chris' papillae with the samples.
0:28:00 > 0:28:01But first I need to cover
0:28:01 > 0:28:03both your ties in blue food dye.
0:28:03 > 0:28:05Both you ties?
0:28:05 > 0:28:07That's the wrong... That's not the right word!