0:00:24 > 0:00:25I'm Dr Chris.
0:00:25 > 0:00:26And I'm Dr Xand.
0:00:26 > 0:00:29- We're identical twins.- Twins!
0:00:29 > 0:00:31Do you know your body does loads of amazing things
0:00:31 > 0:00:34without you even realising it?
0:00:34 > 0:00:36Welcome to my poo factory.
0:00:36 > 0:00:38And we're going to show you how.
0:00:38 > 0:00:40Smell my armpits!
0:00:40 > 0:00:42We've got gobsmacking experiments...
0:00:42 > 0:00:44Wow!
0:00:44 > 0:00:47Mind-bending body tricks... THEY LAUGH
0:00:47 > 0:00:49And real medical mysteries.
0:00:49 > 0:00:51I've got a stone in my ear.
0:00:51 > 0:00:53So, are you ready to see what you're made of?
0:00:53 > 0:00:55Do you want to high-five?
0:00:56 > 0:00:59- Coming up today... - On Operation Ouch!
0:00:59 > 0:01:02Xand, why are you wearing the medical emergency blanket
0:01:02 > 0:01:04from the ambulance?
0:01:04 > 0:01:06This is Super Xand's space cape.
0:01:06 > 0:01:08Xand, put it back where you found it.
0:01:13 > 0:01:15We perplex the public in Mindbenders...
0:01:15 > 0:01:17SHE SQUEALS
0:01:17 > 0:01:20And we're looking back at some of our best bits.
0:01:20 > 0:01:22THEY COUGH We find out what comes out
0:01:22 > 0:01:23when you cough...
0:01:23 > 0:01:25Oh, yuck!
0:01:25 > 0:01:29And Matthew's life is transformed by an amazing device.
0:01:29 > 0:01:32Absolutely extraordinary to be holding one in my hands.
0:01:34 > 0:01:37It's one of our favourite hospital cases.
0:01:37 > 0:01:40- Ooh, is it Alice?- Yes. - ALICE Alice?- Yes.
0:01:40 > 0:01:43- ALICE Alice Alice?! - Yes, it's Alice!- Great!
0:01:44 > 0:01:47In Manchester, waiting with her mum and dad
0:01:47 > 0:01:49is five-year-old Alice,
0:01:49 > 0:01:51and it looks as though she's hurt her hooter.
0:01:51 > 0:01:53Ooh! That does look nasty.
0:01:53 > 0:01:55She fell over and bashed her nose,
0:01:55 > 0:01:59so she's got a nasty little cut just along the side of her nose here.
0:01:59 > 0:02:01The witch came to catch me.
0:02:01 > 0:02:04The witch? What's all that about?
0:02:04 > 0:02:07Alice and her friend, Colette, were at school.
0:02:07 > 0:02:09So, where was the witch?
0:02:09 > 0:02:12Unless you mean those dinner ladies. Maybe they're cooking up a spell.
0:02:12 > 0:02:17No, Xand. Colette was pretending to be a witch and was chasing Alice.
0:02:17 > 0:02:19COLETTE CACKLES Run, Alice!
0:02:20 > 0:02:23Alice ran through the playground trying to get away,
0:02:23 > 0:02:25but the witch was catching up fast.
0:02:25 > 0:02:27Oh, no!
0:02:27 > 0:02:29Alice ran faster and faster
0:02:29 > 0:02:31and just as the witch was about to grab her,
0:02:31 > 0:02:33- she tripped.- Uh-oh!
0:02:34 > 0:02:37Alice went flying across the playground,
0:02:37 > 0:02:39- landing face first.- Ouch. THEY GASP
0:02:40 > 0:02:43Here's ear, nose and throat doctor, Ricky Pal.
0:02:43 > 0:02:45Maybe he can cast a spell to mend that snout.
0:02:45 > 0:02:50- What have you done? - Just fell over and hurt my nose.
0:02:50 > 0:02:53Dr Ricky needs to take a closer look.
0:02:53 > 0:02:56There are lots of nooks and crannies in your nose
0:02:56 > 0:02:59that could be damaged if it takes a bash -
0:02:59 > 0:03:02the nostrils, the nasal passages
0:03:02 > 0:03:04and the bit down the middle called the septum.
0:03:04 > 0:03:07It's made of bone and cartilage.
0:03:07 > 0:03:09Alice's cut hasn't reached the cartilage,
0:03:09 > 0:03:11but it has sliced right through her nostril.
0:03:11 > 0:03:14Luckily, Dr Ricky knows how to fix it.
0:03:14 > 0:03:17She needs to have that stitched in theatre,
0:03:17 > 0:03:20so we'll put her to sleep under an anaesthetic,
0:03:20 > 0:03:23and then we'll just get the edges of the cut lined up
0:03:23 > 0:03:25and stitched together nicely.
0:03:25 > 0:03:26Wee!
0:03:26 > 0:03:29We'll be back later to see how Alice gets on.
0:03:31 > 0:03:32Ouch!
0:03:33 > 0:03:36Ready to see one of our all-time favourite experiments?
0:03:36 > 0:03:37Yes!
0:03:37 > 0:03:41We're going to show you how your incredible body works.
0:03:41 > 0:03:43Just don't try anything you see here at home.
0:03:43 > 0:03:46HE COUGHS
0:03:46 > 0:03:49Now, today, we're going to be looking at what happens...
0:03:49 > 0:03:51- HE COUGHS - ..when you cough.
0:03:51 > 0:03:54Now, a cough is a reflex action that your body does
0:03:54 > 0:03:56to get rid of something harmful or irritating
0:03:56 > 0:03:59which you breathed in by mistake, like icing sugar, for example.
0:03:59 > 0:04:02Icing sugar? Why would I breathe in icing sugar?
0:04:02 > 0:04:04We're in a lab, not a kitchen.
0:04:04 > 0:04:06When I do bake, I always make savoury things
0:04:06 > 0:04:09like, you know the cheese twists with...
0:04:09 > 0:04:12- Argh! - HE COUGHS VIOLENTLY
0:04:12 > 0:04:14Water!
0:04:15 > 0:04:17Now we're going to show you Chris coughing
0:04:17 > 0:04:19like you've never seen it before.
0:04:22 > 0:04:25Now, this is a video of the inside of my head.
0:04:25 > 0:04:26This was taken using
0:04:26 > 0:04:29a magnetic resonance imaging machine,
0:04:29 > 0:04:30or MRI.
0:04:30 > 0:04:34The main difference between a cough and simply breathing out hard
0:04:34 > 0:04:36is my favourite body part,
0:04:36 > 0:04:38your epiglottis.
0:04:38 > 0:04:40It's normal job is to stop food
0:04:40 > 0:04:42going into your lungs when you swallow,
0:04:42 > 0:04:44but in a cough, it closes off
0:04:44 > 0:04:48the lungs and allows pressure to build up in the lungs.
0:04:48 > 0:04:50Xand, do the first part of a cough.
0:04:50 > 0:04:54Xand's closed his epiglottis, the pressure's rising in his chest,
0:04:54 > 0:04:56- so when he opens it... - HE COUGHS
0:04:56 > 0:04:58..the air rushes out at 60mph.
0:04:58 > 0:05:02But if a cough's that powerful, where does it go and what's in it?
0:05:02 > 0:05:04Well, we're going to show you.
0:05:07 > 0:05:09It's time for competitive...
0:05:09 > 0:05:11- HE COUGHS - ..coughing.
0:05:11 > 0:05:13What is going on?
0:05:13 > 0:05:16Well, I've made these cut-outs that look just like you and me.
0:05:16 > 0:05:19They don't look anything like me. They're all blue.
0:05:19 > 0:05:23I'm the green twin. Everything I wear is green.
0:05:23 > 0:05:24It's greenish.
0:05:24 > 0:05:27It's...it's not... Does that look the same?! It's turquoise!
0:05:27 > 0:05:31- Doesn't look anything alike. - It's not relevant, Xand.
0:05:31 > 0:05:33The point is I've put plates
0:05:33 > 0:05:36full of a special scientific gunk called agar jelly
0:05:36 > 0:05:38on the faces of our cut-outs.
0:05:38 > 0:05:41So, if any bacteria happen to land on any of our plates,
0:05:41 > 0:05:44they're going to multiply so much we can actually see them.
0:05:44 > 0:05:48OK, Chris, are you ready? Three, two, one, cough.
0:05:48 > 0:05:50We're doing two experiments -
0:05:50 > 0:05:52one where the plates are 10cm away
0:05:52 > 0:05:55and another where they're 50cm away.
0:05:56 > 0:05:59- Well. All done.- Not quite, Chris.
0:05:59 > 0:06:02I want you to take this agar plate and hold it in front of your face,
0:06:02 > 0:06:04and I'm going to cough on it.
0:06:04 > 0:06:07And this time, I'm going to cover my mouth with my elbow -
0:06:07 > 0:06:08the way you're supposed to -
0:06:08 > 0:06:11and hopefully no germs should land on the plate.
0:06:11 > 0:06:13OK. Well, just make sure you do it properly.
0:06:13 > 0:06:15HE COUGHS
0:06:19 > 0:06:20And now we have to wait.
0:06:22 > 0:06:25In lab conditions, bacteria takes some time to grow.
0:06:25 > 0:06:28Luckily, we came prepared for a long wait.
0:06:30 > 0:06:33And finally the test results are in.
0:06:33 > 0:06:34So, let's check out the cut outs
0:06:34 > 0:06:37that were 50cm away first.
0:06:40 > 0:06:42Oh! Yuck!
0:06:42 > 0:06:44This has worked really well.
0:06:44 > 0:06:50All these bacteria have grown into thick, furry, yucky blooms.
0:06:50 > 0:06:51Eurgh.
0:06:51 > 0:06:53Well, let's have a look at mine.
0:06:53 > 0:06:56Eurgh! They're even worse than Xand's.
0:06:56 > 0:07:00Mine are also growing in horrible slimy, furry, green colonies.
0:07:00 > 0:07:02And all this from just one cough.
0:07:02 > 0:07:06Now for the cut-outs that were only 10cm away.
0:07:06 > 0:07:08Oh! This is even worse!
0:07:08 > 0:07:11There's loads of furry stuff in here.
0:07:11 > 0:07:13Oh, that is disgusting.
0:07:13 > 0:07:14Let's have a look at mine.
0:07:14 > 0:07:15Eurgh.
0:07:15 > 0:07:19There's a huge bacterial splat in the middle of the plate.
0:07:19 > 0:07:21I must have coughed up a lot of saliva with that one.
0:07:21 > 0:07:24So this is like coughing into someone's face
0:07:24 > 0:07:27when they're right next to you, and that's bad news for them
0:07:27 > 0:07:31when you realise that the average cough has 20,000 viruses in it.
0:07:31 > 0:07:33Which brings me to our last result.
0:07:33 > 0:07:36Let's have a look at the plate where I covered my mouth
0:07:36 > 0:07:38and coughed at Chris.
0:07:38 > 0:07:40Ugh! Two bacteria.
0:07:40 > 0:07:44I knew you hadn't covered your mouth properly.
0:07:44 > 0:07:46I think you can see, though, that this is a lot better
0:07:46 > 0:07:48than the other ones we did.
0:07:48 > 0:07:49So, there you have it.
0:07:49 > 0:07:51In case you were in any doubt about
0:07:51 > 0:07:54whether or not to cover your mouth when you cough,
0:07:54 > 0:07:56we've shown that not only could your cough
0:07:56 > 0:07:58reach the person next to you,
0:07:58 > 0:08:00- but it could travel a lot further than that.- Yuck.
0:08:00 > 0:08:02And as well as seeing how far they travel,
0:08:02 > 0:08:06we've shown you just how much bacteria there can be in coughs.
0:08:06 > 0:08:09Well, there's a lot more in yours than in mine, Chris.
0:08:09 > 0:08:11You should see a doctor.
0:08:11 > 0:08:13Maybe I should. Better go find one.
0:08:16 > 0:08:18Ouch!
0:08:19 > 0:08:22We're on call with the UK emergency services,
0:08:22 > 0:08:25showing you what it's really like on the front line saving lives.
0:08:26 > 0:08:29On call with me is paramedic Jan Vann.
0:08:32 > 0:08:34This is a rapid response vehicle,
0:08:34 > 0:08:37and it's on standby 24/7
0:08:37 > 0:08:39to respond to whatever emergency call's coming in.
0:08:39 > 0:08:41Today, I'm going along for the ride.
0:08:41 > 0:08:43And guess what? You're coming with me.
0:08:45 > 0:08:49Jan can take 10 to 15 emergency call outs in a day.
0:08:49 > 0:08:51And a new case is just in.
0:08:51 > 0:08:54So, we've had a 999 call to a 53-year-old lady
0:08:54 > 0:08:55who's injured her ankle.
0:08:55 > 0:08:58So, it could be anything from a simple sprain
0:08:58 > 0:09:00to blood loss, severe pain
0:09:00 > 0:09:02and maybe some other cause for the fall
0:09:02 > 0:09:04that could be life-threatening as well.
0:09:04 > 0:09:07We've got to get there quickly to find out what's going on.
0:09:07 > 0:09:10The call has taken us right into the centre of town.
0:09:11 > 0:09:15- Hello.- Hello. - Hello. Is it Linda?- It is.
0:09:15 > 0:09:18- What's happened? - Tripped over the manhole cover.
0:09:18 > 0:09:20- The edge of that raised platform there?- Yeah.
0:09:20 > 0:09:23- Was you knocked unconscious at all?- No.- No.
0:09:23 > 0:09:26Have you hit your head or the back of your neck or your back at all?
0:09:26 > 0:09:27- No.- What have you injured?
0:09:27 > 0:09:31- My knee and my ankle.- OK. - It's really sore.
0:09:31 > 0:09:33Are you able to bend your knee at all?
0:09:35 > 0:09:36I do, but my ankle hurts.
0:09:36 > 0:09:39- Your ankle hurts when you bend it? OK.- Yeah.
0:09:39 > 0:09:41Press down on my hand. Push down as hard as you can.
0:09:41 > 0:09:44- Where does that hurt when you push down?- Round my ankle.
0:09:44 > 0:09:46- On the outside?- Yeah.
0:09:46 > 0:09:49Linda's ankle is clearly causing her a lot of pain.
0:09:50 > 0:09:53So, it may just look like Jan's feeling her ankle,
0:09:53 > 0:09:56but in fact she's feeling in very particular places.
0:09:56 > 0:09:58There's a set of rules called
0:09:58 > 0:10:00the Ottawa ankle rules, and they help you decide
0:10:00 > 0:10:02whether they're likely to have broken a bone.
0:10:02 > 0:10:05Jan's trying to figure out what's tender.
0:10:05 > 0:10:07That'll tell us whether she needs to go to hospital.
0:10:07 > 0:10:09I'm going to need ambo back up for this patient.
0:10:09 > 0:10:11She's unable to weight bear and needs an X-ray.
0:10:11 > 0:10:13Using the Ottawa rules,
0:10:13 > 0:10:16Jan has decided that the ankle is probably broken
0:10:16 > 0:10:17and Linda does need an ambulance.
0:10:17 > 0:10:20She's quite uncomfortable. We're managing to keep her warm,
0:10:20 > 0:10:24but she can't walk on that leg, so we need to get her to hospital
0:10:24 > 0:10:26and get her an X-ray. She can be treated from there.
0:10:26 > 0:10:28It's important to keep it still
0:10:28 > 0:10:30so that if she's got any broken bones,
0:10:30 > 0:10:32if the edges rub together
0:10:32 > 0:10:34it can create a lot pain and some bleeding,
0:10:34 > 0:10:36which will make the ankle worse as well.
0:10:36 > 0:10:38You're doing it. That's it. Well done, darling.
0:10:38 > 0:10:40Are you able to twist round a little bit?
0:10:40 > 0:10:42There you go.
0:10:42 > 0:10:45It's really good Jan was able to assess her really quickly,
0:10:45 > 0:10:48get her an ambulance and get her to hospital where she needs to be.
0:10:48 > 0:10:52And once there, the doctors discovered Linda's ankle was broken
0:10:52 > 0:10:53and it was soon fixed.
0:10:56 > 0:11:00'Still to come, Chris gives me a hand in Mindbenders.'
0:11:00 > 0:11:02Oh!
0:11:02 > 0:11:04Xand goes Ouch & About with our mobile clinic.
0:11:04 > 0:11:06Next patient, please.
0:11:06 > 0:11:09'And it's microsurgery time for Matthew.'
0:11:09 > 0:11:12The tip of that drill is smaller than a grain of rice.
0:11:14 > 0:11:17Remember Alice and her cut nose?
0:11:17 > 0:11:18Her cut knows what?
0:11:19 > 0:11:20Her cut nose.
0:11:20 > 0:11:22Yeah, so what does her cut know?
0:11:22 > 0:11:25What? Her cut nose.
0:11:25 > 0:11:27Chris, I'm asking you for the third time,
0:11:27 > 0:11:30what does her cut know?
0:11:32 > 0:11:37In Manchester, Alice is waiting for surgery on her hooter.
0:11:37 > 0:11:40Alice was being chased by her friend, Colette,
0:11:40 > 0:11:43- who was pretending to be a witch. - COLETTE CACKLES
0:11:43 > 0:11:44As Alice was running away,
0:11:44 > 0:11:47she tripped and went flying across the playground,
0:11:47 > 0:11:49landing face first.
0:11:49 > 0:11:50Ouch!
0:11:51 > 0:11:54The cut it quite deep, so Dr Ricky has decided that
0:11:54 > 0:11:57Alice's nose needs to be stitched up.
0:11:57 > 0:12:01So, it's time for her operation with surgeon Iain Bruce.
0:12:03 > 0:12:04Thanks to a general anaesthetic,
0:12:04 > 0:12:07Alice will be fast asleep and won't feel a thing.
0:12:07 > 0:12:09And to protect her face,
0:12:09 > 0:12:11her head is wrapped up like an Egyptian mummy.
0:12:13 > 0:12:17Any bleeding in the wound is stopped by something called cauterising,
0:12:17 > 0:12:21where these tweezers use heat to seal off the blood vessels.
0:12:21 > 0:12:23Look away if you're squeamish,
0:12:23 > 0:12:26because we can see exactly how deep that cut has gone.
0:12:28 > 0:12:31And with a few stitches, she's all fixed up.
0:12:31 > 0:12:33All I've done is cleaned it up,
0:12:33 > 0:12:36so there's no dirt underneath the skin,
0:12:36 > 0:12:38and then I've stitched it back,
0:12:38 > 0:12:41trying to create the shape of the nose as it was before.
0:12:41 > 0:12:43I'm really hopeful that
0:12:43 > 0:12:45in a few weeks' to a couple of months' time,
0:12:45 > 0:12:48you won't be able to tell anything has happened.
0:12:48 > 0:12:52Great news. And a couple of hours later, Alice has woken up.
0:12:52 > 0:12:55The doctors fixed my nose.
0:12:55 > 0:12:58- But how does it feel, Alice? - It feels nice.
0:12:58 > 0:13:00- Aw, glad to hear it.- Bye, Alice!
0:13:00 > 0:13:03- Bye, bye, bye, bye, bye! - Watch out for those witches!
0:13:05 > 0:13:07Ouch!
0:13:07 > 0:13:09Now, did you know your fingernails
0:13:09 > 0:13:10take six months to grow
0:13:10 > 0:13:12from the root to the tip?
0:13:12 > 0:13:13That's four times faster
0:13:13 > 0:13:14than your toenails.
0:13:14 > 0:13:16Wow!
0:13:17 > 0:13:18Ouch!
0:13:19 > 0:13:21- Now we're going to mess with your mind...- It's weird.
0:13:21 > 0:13:23Scramble your senses...
0:13:23 > 0:13:25And baffle your brain...
0:13:26 > 0:13:28- BOTH:- In Mindbenders.
0:13:33 > 0:13:36- Good morning.- What do you mean good morning? You're late.
0:13:36 > 0:13:37It's nice to meet you.
0:13:39 > 0:13:41- It's nice to meet you. - I see where this is going.
0:13:41 > 0:13:44- Yes, Xand, it's nice to meet you.- Oh!
0:13:44 > 0:13:47I didn't just bring my fake hands to fool Chris.
0:13:47 > 0:13:50We're going to be using them for today's mind-bending trick.
0:13:50 > 0:13:52And so can you put your hand right there,
0:13:52 > 0:13:54as if that was your other hand, basically.
0:13:54 > 0:13:57And stick your other hand under the cloth.
0:13:57 > 0:13:59Yeah, that's perfect, so it's next to that hand.
0:13:59 > 0:14:03Today's trick is going to show how what you see affects how you feel.
0:14:03 > 0:14:07We're stroking the person's real hand behind the screen
0:14:07 > 0:14:09at the same time as stroking the fake hand
0:14:09 > 0:14:10which is in front of them.
0:14:10 > 0:14:14Is that plastic hand beginning to feel like your hand? Yeah?
0:14:14 > 0:14:15Keep looking at it.
0:14:15 > 0:14:19It actually feels like that's my hand.
0:14:19 > 0:14:21It doesn't look real, but it feels real.
0:14:21 > 0:14:24- Are you feeling like I'm brushing your hand?- Yeah.
0:14:24 > 0:14:27- Really?- Yeah, that feels like you're brushing my hand.
0:14:27 > 0:14:28It's really strange, yeah.
0:14:28 > 0:14:30I feel like it's my hand.
0:14:31 > 0:14:33Now we've got the illusion going,
0:14:33 > 0:14:36it's time to see how they react with a fake spider on the fake hand.
0:14:38 > 0:14:39Ugh!
0:14:40 > 0:14:43- That worked really nicely. - CHRIS CHUCKLES
0:14:43 > 0:14:46I felt like it was actually my real hand.
0:14:48 > 0:14:51- Oh! - THEY CHUCKLE
0:14:51 > 0:14:53Did you feel like the spider was on your hand?
0:14:53 > 0:14:56Yeah, I think I did. But it weren't cos my hand was there,
0:14:56 > 0:14:59so why would I feel it on there? It's a really weird sensation.
0:15:00 > 0:15:02SHE SQUEALS
0:15:05 > 0:15:08Did you think you had a spider on your hand? Yeah, yeah, yeah?
0:15:08 > 0:15:10Stay focused on that hand.
0:15:10 > 0:15:12- Oh... - CHRIS AND XAND CHUCKLE
0:15:13 > 0:15:15So, we managed to trick plenty of people,
0:15:15 > 0:15:17but how does it work?
0:15:17 > 0:15:20So, there's a bit of your brain called the premotor cortex,
0:15:20 > 0:15:25and that brings together your senses of touch, of position and of vision
0:15:25 > 0:15:27so that your body can figure out
0:15:27 > 0:15:29what's happening in the world around it.
0:15:29 > 0:15:31What's so interesting about this experiment
0:15:31 > 0:15:35is that your sense of vision is the most important sense,
0:15:35 > 0:15:39and so your brain actually temporarily rewires itself
0:15:39 > 0:15:42to adopt the plastic hand as your own.
0:15:42 > 0:15:43Amazing!
0:15:43 > 0:15:46Well, Chris, fooling all those people has tired me out.
0:15:46 > 0:15:47Give us a hand.
0:15:47 > 0:15:51Xand, I'm not falling for the old fake hand trick again!
0:15:51 > 0:15:52Oh!
0:15:59 > 0:16:03We're at a theme park to solve your medical mysteries.
0:16:03 > 0:16:07Xand is preparing the clinic ready for his first patient.
0:16:07 > 0:16:09And Chris is Ouch & About in the park
0:16:09 > 0:16:11to answer your burning questions.
0:16:11 > 0:16:13Wow, I'm impressed.
0:16:13 > 0:16:15At the clinic, Xand is open for business.
0:16:15 > 0:16:17Next patient, please.
0:16:17 > 0:16:20First in is nine-year-old Poppy with an interesting ailment.
0:16:22 > 0:16:24So, Poppy, what have you come to see us for?
0:16:24 > 0:16:27I've got some strange red spots on my face and my arms.
0:16:27 > 0:16:29What's the diagnosis, doc?
0:16:29 > 0:16:30Sounds like a case of...
0:16:33 > 0:16:35- Spot on. - Now, let's have a look at them.
0:16:35 > 0:16:37I've got the Ouch-cam here,
0:16:37 > 0:16:40and I can see it right there on your face.
0:16:40 > 0:16:42Do you think it looks like a spider?
0:16:42 > 0:16:43Little bit.
0:16:43 > 0:16:45Well, in fact it's called
0:16:45 > 0:16:46a spider nevus,
0:16:46 > 0:16:49because some people say it looks a bit like a spider.
0:16:49 > 0:16:51It's got little blood vessels coming out
0:16:51 > 0:16:53so you can kind of see spiders' legs.
0:16:53 > 0:16:56The blood vessels that are supplying blood to your skin,
0:16:56 > 0:16:57one of them's got a bit big
0:16:57 > 0:16:59and it's bringing more blood
0:16:59 > 0:17:00than it should to the skin,
0:17:00 > 0:17:04and so all the tiny blood vessels in your skin, called capillaries,
0:17:04 > 0:17:07have got a bit bigger, and so they're a bit more red.
0:17:07 > 0:17:09So, you said you had some other red spots.
0:17:09 > 0:17:10Can you show me those?
0:17:10 > 0:17:12Oh, OK. So you've got two
0:17:12 > 0:17:13on your arm right there.
0:17:13 > 0:17:15I've got two, almost in exactly
0:17:15 > 0:17:16the same place.
0:17:16 > 0:17:17Those are actually
0:17:17 > 0:17:18a different kind of red spot
0:17:18 > 0:17:21called a Campbell de Morgan spot.
0:17:21 > 0:17:22They're also completely normal.
0:17:22 > 0:17:24Almost everyone has got some of those.
0:17:24 > 0:17:26How can I get rid of them?
0:17:26 > 0:17:30The one on your face, sometimes when you just get older, they go away.
0:17:30 > 0:17:33If it doesn't go away, there are two things you can do.
0:17:33 > 0:17:35One is, you can get a doctor to stick a needle in it,
0:17:35 > 0:17:37that'll make it bleed a little and then go away,
0:17:37 > 0:17:39and it doesn't hurt very much.
0:17:39 > 0:17:41The other way of getting rid of them is with a laser.
0:17:41 > 0:17:45But for you, it's completely normal, they're completely common,
0:17:45 > 0:17:48and I'll tell you one famous person who's got one - Dr Chris.
0:17:48 > 0:17:51Poppy, thank you very much for coming to the Ouch-mobile today.
0:17:51 > 0:17:52Thank you, Dr Xand.
0:17:53 > 0:17:57Away from the clinic, Chris is Ouch & About in the park.
0:17:58 > 0:18:00Archer, what's your question?
0:18:00 > 0:18:02How do you get a wobbly tooth?
0:18:02 > 0:18:04Do you know that below all your baby teeth,
0:18:04 > 0:18:07you've got grown-up teeth already in your jaw
0:18:07 > 0:18:08and they're growing through?
0:18:08 > 0:18:11And as they grow through, they push the baby teeth out
0:18:11 > 0:18:13and that's why it gets wobbly.
0:18:13 > 0:18:16- A really good question. Thank you, Archer.- Thanks, Dr Chris.
0:18:16 > 0:18:19Back at the Ouch-mobile are siblings
0:18:19 > 0:18:22eight-year-old Charlotte and 11-year-old James.
0:18:22 > 0:18:25Charlotte, James, why have you come to the Ouch-mobile?
0:18:25 > 0:18:27When I stand up I have a gap in between my knees
0:18:27 > 0:18:30- and I can't put them together. - But I can.
0:18:30 > 0:18:32- What's the diagnosis, doc?- Whoa!
0:18:32 > 0:18:34Sounds to me like it's a case of...
0:18:39 > 0:18:40Easy for you to say.
0:18:40 > 0:18:42Let's find out more about this!
0:18:42 > 0:18:45Now, Charlotte, can you open the lid on the Ouch-cam?
0:18:45 > 0:18:47Now stand up and show me your knees.
0:18:48 > 0:18:50Oh, wow.
0:18:50 > 0:18:52Your feet are close together...
0:18:52 > 0:18:53Mm-hm.
0:18:53 > 0:18:55..but as we move up,
0:18:55 > 0:18:57your knees are wide apart.
0:18:57 > 0:18:59Now, that is completely different
0:18:59 > 0:19:00to your brother
0:19:00 > 0:19:01whose knees are touching.
0:19:01 > 0:19:03How does this happen?
0:19:03 > 0:19:06The answer really is that we don't know.
0:19:06 > 0:19:08I can tell you what's happened,
0:19:08 > 0:19:11is that your bones have grown slightly differently.
0:19:11 > 0:19:12So, we call that
0:19:12 > 0:19:14a verus change in your knees.
0:19:14 > 0:19:16You've got normal knees
0:19:16 > 0:19:18that are a bit further apart than other people's knees,
0:19:18 > 0:19:21and other people have got knees that knock together more.
0:19:21 > 0:19:23The way that your bones grow
0:19:23 > 0:19:25is controlled in quite a complicated way,
0:19:25 > 0:19:27and so you can just get a variation
0:19:27 > 0:19:30where for some people it grows slightly differently.
0:19:30 > 0:19:32Your brother's grown with knees close together
0:19:32 > 0:19:34and you've grown differently.
0:19:34 > 0:19:37You're still growing and your leg bones are still growing,
0:19:37 > 0:19:39so possibly, as Charlotte gets older,
0:19:39 > 0:19:41the gap between your knees will shrink.
0:19:41 > 0:19:43- Does that make sense?- Yeah.
0:19:43 > 0:19:46Charlotte, James, thank you very much for bringing your amazing knees
0:19:46 > 0:19:49- to the Ouch-mobile. BOTH:- Thank you, Dr Xand.
0:19:49 > 0:19:51Job done for today. Clinic closed.
0:19:53 > 0:19:55Ouch!
0:19:55 > 0:19:58Your body is amazing, but sometimes it needs fixing.
0:19:58 > 0:20:01All over the UK there are special teams of professionals
0:20:01 > 0:20:03trained to tackle medical mysteries.
0:20:03 > 0:20:05And here's one of our favourites.
0:20:07 > 0:20:10CAR HORNS BLARE Now, the world is a noisy place,
0:20:10 > 0:20:12but what happens if I switch it all off?
0:20:16 > 0:20:19Now, if you're deaf, you have several ways of understanding
0:20:19 > 0:20:22what other people are saying. There's lip-reading...
0:20:26 > 0:20:28..and there's sign language,
0:20:28 > 0:20:30which relies on hand gestures.
0:20:30 > 0:20:33And for loads of deaf people, these things work really well.
0:20:33 > 0:20:37But doctors are making amazing medical advances
0:20:37 > 0:20:40in improving people's hearing.
0:20:40 > 0:20:43'This is Matthew. He's 12. He's deaf
0:20:43 > 0:20:46and uses BSL, British Sign Language, to communicate.
0:20:46 > 0:20:50'I'm not very good at it, so Matthew has brought along his interpreter.'
0:20:50 > 0:20:51How long have you been deaf for?
0:20:53 > 0:20:58- Since 2001.- So your whole life? - Yeah, yeah. I was born deaf.
0:20:58 > 0:21:00'Matthew's here to get a cochlear implant,
0:21:00 > 0:21:03'a tiny little device that replaces a bit of the ear,
0:21:03 > 0:21:07'which in some deaf people doesn't work.'
0:21:07 > 0:21:10Sound travels in waves through your ear to the cochlear.
0:21:10 > 0:21:13Inside the cochlear, tiny hairs pick up
0:21:13 > 0:21:15the vibrations from these sound waves
0:21:15 > 0:21:18and convert them into signals that are sent to the brain.
0:21:18 > 0:21:22Matthew is deaf because the hairs in his cochlear can't do this.
0:21:22 > 0:21:24But the implant sorts this
0:21:24 > 0:21:27by sending sound signals through wires instead.
0:21:27 > 0:21:31So, I've never seen this operation before, so I'm very excited.
0:21:31 > 0:21:33Good luck.
0:21:35 > 0:21:36Leading the team today
0:21:36 > 0:21:38is head surgeon James Ramsden.
0:21:38 > 0:21:41Now, this surgery is not for the squeamish.
0:21:41 > 0:21:43Now, this is a cochlear implant,
0:21:43 > 0:21:45which is what Matthew's having fitted.
0:21:45 > 0:21:46This bit is a microphone.
0:21:46 > 0:21:48It hooks over his ears
0:21:48 > 0:21:51and it's what hears what's going on in the world around it,
0:21:51 > 0:21:54and it attaches with a magnet through the skin to this bit.
0:21:54 > 0:21:56This bit sits under the skin,
0:21:56 > 0:22:00and it's these little wires that go into his cochlear
0:22:00 > 0:22:03and send the electric impulses into his brain.
0:22:03 > 0:22:05That's what allows him to hear.
0:22:05 > 0:22:08It's absolutely extraordinary to be holding one in my hands.
0:22:11 > 0:22:12What James is doing now
0:22:12 > 0:22:15is lifting the skin off the back of Matthew's skull
0:22:15 > 0:22:18to make a little pocket where the device can sit.
0:22:18 > 0:22:21The surgeon uses a microscope which allows him to work
0:22:21 > 0:22:24in very small spaces and use a tiny drill.
0:22:24 > 0:22:27So, on the big screen you can see it really well,
0:22:27 > 0:22:31but in fact, in real life, the tip of that drill is about this big.
0:22:31 > 0:22:33It's smaller than a grain of rice.
0:22:33 > 0:22:35Having drilled through to the inner ear,
0:22:35 > 0:22:40we can now see the opening that leads into the cochlear itself.
0:22:40 > 0:22:41Next is the tricky bit.
0:22:41 > 0:22:45The wires from the implant need to go through the tiny opening
0:22:45 > 0:22:47and straight into the cochlear.
0:22:47 > 0:22:49Luckily, James has a very steady hand.
0:22:49 > 0:22:51The operation's basically over.
0:22:51 > 0:22:54They're just sewing up the cuts behind Matthew's ears,
0:22:54 > 0:22:57but we won't be turning on those cochlear implants yet.
0:22:57 > 0:23:00Matthew has to wait a couple of weeks for everything to heal.
0:23:03 > 0:23:06Matthew's back with Mum and Dad and interpreter Mark
0:23:06 > 0:23:09to have the cochlear implants turned on, and he can't wait.
0:23:13 > 0:23:15We're going to do a little bit of testing.
0:23:15 > 0:23:16When you hear a beep,
0:23:16 > 0:23:19we just want you to put one of the fish here into the pot.
0:23:19 > 0:23:22Will Matthew's implant enable him to hear?
0:23:22 > 0:23:24Will he get any fish in the pot?
0:23:27 > 0:23:30- Wow.- Good. Well done.
0:23:30 > 0:23:33He caught that! And it's put a big grin on his face.
0:23:38 > 0:23:41He's hearing lots of beeps, and then Matthew hears something
0:23:41 > 0:23:43he's never heard before.
0:23:43 > 0:23:45Matthew.
0:23:45 > 0:23:46Matthew.
0:23:46 > 0:23:48- INTERPRETS:- Was that you, Dad?
0:23:51 > 0:23:52- INTERPRETS:- It was really nice.
0:23:52 > 0:23:54I shut my eyes and my father said my name.
0:23:54 > 0:23:57I knew something was being said, so when I opened my eyes,
0:23:57 > 0:24:00I checked, "Did you say my name - Matthew?" He just said, "Yes."
0:24:00 > 0:24:02Well done, Matthew.
0:24:02 > 0:24:05So, Matthew is going to be hearing more sounds than ever before
0:24:05 > 0:24:09and all because of this - his cochlear implant.
0:24:09 > 0:24:13Some sounds he's going to be hearing for the very first time.
0:24:13 > 0:24:15It's absolutely incredible.
0:24:16 > 0:24:17Ouch!
0:24:19 > 0:24:21It's time to meet our next patient.
0:24:21 > 0:24:23It's another one of our favourites!
0:24:23 > 0:24:24Here he is.
0:24:24 > 0:24:28In Manchester, seven-year-old Tyler has come in with his great gran.
0:24:28 > 0:24:30What have you done, Tyler?
0:24:30 > 0:24:32I've burnt my hand.
0:24:32 > 0:24:35- You've burnt your hand? Oh, dear. - It's a bit painful.
0:24:35 > 0:24:39The burn has been wrapped in clingfilm by a nurse to protect it,
0:24:39 > 0:24:40but how did it happen, Tyler?
0:24:40 > 0:24:42I was trying to make myself a brew.
0:24:42 > 0:24:45Oh! A cup of tea? Two sugars, please.
0:24:45 > 0:24:47I really, really like brews.
0:24:47 > 0:24:50I love dunking biscuits into it,
0:24:50 > 0:24:53and my favourite biscuit is a custard cream.
0:24:53 > 0:24:55Nice one, Tyler. Sounds yummy.
0:24:55 > 0:24:58In fact, Xand, it's that custard cream craving,
0:24:58 > 0:25:00that got him into this mess in the first place.
0:25:02 > 0:25:06- Tyler is a big tea drinker. - Ooh! Me too.
0:25:06 > 0:25:09He loves nothing more than putting his feet up with a brew
0:25:09 > 0:25:11and dunking his custard creams in it.
0:25:11 > 0:25:13Ooh! Me too.
0:25:13 > 0:25:14Because Tyler's only seven,
0:25:14 > 0:25:18he asked his big brother, James, to fix him a cuppa,
0:25:18 > 0:25:19but James said no.
0:25:19 > 0:25:21Brotherly love, eh?
0:25:21 > 0:25:24So Tyler set about making his own cup of tea.
0:25:24 > 0:25:27But the kettle was full and heavy.
0:25:27 > 0:25:29As Tyler poured, the kettle slipped
0:25:29 > 0:25:32and the boiling water went all over his hand.
0:25:32 > 0:25:33Ouch!
0:25:34 > 0:25:39Here's Dr Chuks Nwulia to take a look at that painful palm.
0:25:39 > 0:25:41- Hello, Tyler. How are you? - I'm all right.
0:25:41 > 0:25:43So, what's been happening to you today?
0:25:43 > 0:25:45- I've burnt myself.- OK.
0:25:45 > 0:25:49- Can you feel any pains or tingling on your hands, like pins?- Yeah.
0:25:49 > 0:25:51- And where are you feeling it? - In my thumb.
0:25:51 > 0:25:55Can you feel me touching? You can't feel anything?
0:25:55 > 0:25:56Your skin is made up of layers
0:25:56 > 0:25:58of skin cells, fat,
0:25:58 > 0:26:00tissue and blood vessels.
0:26:00 > 0:26:02When you burn or scald yourself,
0:26:02 > 0:26:04the deeper these layers get damaged,
0:26:04 > 0:26:06the worse the burn will be.
0:26:06 > 0:26:09More minor burns only affect the top layer
0:26:09 > 0:26:12and that's what's happened to Tyler's hand.
0:26:12 > 0:26:14But it still hurts!
0:26:14 > 0:26:16Tyler's lucky. He had a minor burn.
0:26:16 > 0:26:19He just needs some painkillers, anti-inflammatories.
0:26:19 > 0:26:20He's going to be fine.
0:26:20 > 0:26:22That's great news.
0:26:24 > 0:26:25Now it's over to nurse Samira
0:26:25 > 0:26:29to give the burn a good clean with sterile water...
0:26:29 > 0:26:31before dressing it.
0:26:31 > 0:26:35- Right, so you need to keep this clean and dry, OK?- Yep.
0:26:35 > 0:26:36That's it.
0:26:36 > 0:26:38Now you've got your digits dressed,
0:26:38 > 0:26:41I've got another burning question for you, Tyler.
0:26:41 > 0:26:43What was the worst bit about today?
0:26:43 > 0:26:45I've not had a brew.
0:26:45 > 0:26:48Oh, never mind. Let's hope your brother's got the kettle on,
0:26:48 > 0:26:50and that he's stocked up on custard creams.
0:26:50 > 0:26:52- BOTH:- Bye!
0:26:53 > 0:26:54Ouch!
0:26:55 > 0:27:00- On this series of "Operation Ouch!", we've been on fire...- Wow!
0:27:00 > 0:27:02Showing you how your amazing body works.
0:27:02 > 0:27:05What we've got here is a real, live baby.
0:27:05 > 0:27:07There is a blood vessel.
0:27:07 > 0:27:10We've been on the road with the UK's paramedics.
0:27:10 > 0:27:12The ambulance has just arrived.
0:27:13 > 0:27:14That was a bit hair-raising.
0:27:14 > 0:27:17We've baffled your brains in Mindbenders.
0:27:17 > 0:27:20- SHE SQUEALS - I don't get it.
0:27:20 > 0:27:23We've met you and your injuries.
0:27:23 > 0:27:26I've pushed a Tic Tac up my nose.
0:27:26 > 0:27:27What about the seizures?
0:27:27 > 0:27:29I don't have any since the operation.
0:27:29 > 0:27:31- How are you feeling now?- OK.
0:27:31 > 0:27:34We've been Ouch & About with our mobile clinic.
0:27:34 > 0:27:38- Oh, wow! - It's called Kawasaki disease.
0:27:38 > 0:27:40And we've had fascinating investigations.
0:27:40 > 0:27:44- HE CHUCKLES - This is the surface of Ben's brain.
0:27:44 > 0:27:48To show you just how incredible your body really is.
0:27:48 > 0:27:49Yes! A triumph!
0:27:50 > 0:27:54So take care of yourself and that brilliant body of yours.
0:27:54 > 0:27:55- Bye.- Ouch!
0:27:57 > 0:27:59- What are you wearing?- My cape.
0:27:59 > 0:28:01That's not your cape.
0:28:01 > 0:28:03It's a medical emergency blanket.
0:28:03 > 0:28:06No, it's Super Xand's space cape.
0:28:06 > 0:28:08Put it back in the ambulance where you found it.