0:00:24 > 0:00:26- I'm Dr Chris.- And I'm Dr Xand.
0:00:26 > 0:00:29- We're identical twins.- Twins!
0:00:29 > 0:00:32'Do you know just how awesome your body really is?'
0:00:32 > 0:00:34That's real, visible DNA.
0:00:34 > 0:00:36'Well, get ready to be wowed!'
0:00:36 > 0:00:38Right there is a blood vessel.
0:00:38 > 0:00:42'In this new series we're delving deeper than ever before...'
0:00:42 > 0:00:44It's time to saw open some bones.
0:00:44 > 0:00:47'..to find out what makes your brilliant body work.'
0:00:47 > 0:00:49Smell my armpits!
0:00:49 > 0:00:51'We'll be doing gobsmacking experiments...'
0:00:51 > 0:00:52Wow!
0:00:52 > 0:00:55'..testing some mind-bending tricks,
0:00:55 > 0:00:57'and we'll uncover some real medical mysteries.'
0:00:57 > 0:01:00I got hit with a wooden cricket bat.
0:01:00 > 0:01:02'So, are you ready to see what you're made of?'
0:01:05 > 0:01:07- Coming up today... - ..on Operation Ouch!
0:01:10 > 0:01:13'Find out why we're racing dominoes in the lab.'
0:01:13 > 0:01:14Yes!
0:01:14 > 0:01:17'We hit the streets and bend some minds.'
0:01:17 > 0:01:18- It's weird. - Yeah, really weird.
0:01:18 > 0:01:22'And I discover what's hiding on your hands.'
0:01:22 > 0:01:25Ooh, that is a strong smell.
0:01:25 > 0:01:26'But first...'
0:01:26 > 0:01:29Medical teams always expect the unexpected.
0:01:29 > 0:01:31Arrrgh!
0:01:31 > 0:01:32He wasn't expecting that!
0:01:34 > 0:01:38'Waiting in Sheffield accident and emergency is four-year-old Lacey
0:01:38 > 0:01:41'with a confectionery related conundrum.'
0:01:41 > 0:01:45I pushed a tic tac up my nose and then it was stuck.
0:01:45 > 0:01:47'Right, one in each nostril, was it?'
0:01:47 > 0:01:48Only one.
0:01:48 > 0:01:51'Well, that's something, I suppose.'
0:01:51 > 0:01:54I was blowing my nose, and then it didn't...
0:01:54 > 0:01:55come out.
0:01:55 > 0:01:59'Oh, dear. Let's find out more about this nasal nightmare.'
0:01:59 > 0:02:01Lacey was at home watching TV.
0:02:01 > 0:02:05- The Dumping Ground?- No.- Deadly 60?
0:02:05 > 0:02:07- No.- Operation Ouch?
0:02:07 > 0:02:11Xand, I don't know what she was watching. That's not the point.
0:02:11 > 0:02:15The point is, she was watching TV and eating sweets.
0:02:15 > 0:02:18And throwing them up in the air and catching them in her mouth?
0:02:18 > 0:02:20No, Xand, that's how YOU did it.
0:02:20 > 0:02:23Lacey was eating them like normal, then, all of a sudden,
0:02:23 > 0:02:25she stuck one up her nose.
0:02:25 > 0:02:28What? That's no place to keep your sweets!
0:02:28 > 0:02:32I know. And when she tried to get it out she pushed it up even further.
0:02:32 > 0:02:34Ouch!
0:02:34 > 0:02:38I'm going to see the doctors, see what they say.
0:02:38 > 0:02:40'Sounds like a good idea.'
0:02:40 > 0:02:44'And here's Dr Chris Lamare to have a squizz at that snout.'
0:02:44 > 0:02:48'Dr Chris starts by asking the question on everyone's lips.'
0:02:48 > 0:02:52- Why did you push a tic tac up your nose?- Because...
0:02:52 > 0:02:53'Yes?'
0:02:54 > 0:02:55Um...
0:02:55 > 0:02:57'Looks like we'll never know.
0:02:57 > 0:03:01'Dr Chris sees if he can spot the sweet up her sneezer.'
0:03:01 > 0:03:05I can not quite see a tic tac in there.
0:03:05 > 0:03:07'The cunning candy is still out of sight
0:03:07 > 0:03:09'so it's time for a more hands-on approach.'
0:03:09 > 0:03:11Have you ever heard of the mother's kiss?
0:03:11 > 0:03:13'Ooh, everyone likes kisses from Mum.'
0:03:13 > 0:03:15It's a really nice way of trying to get things out of noses.
0:03:15 > 0:03:16'Maybe not this kind.'
0:03:16 > 0:03:18If you press on this nostril...
0:03:18 > 0:03:20and then give her a kiss...
0:03:20 > 0:03:23and just blow as hard as you can into her nose.
0:03:23 > 0:03:24'Mum doesn't look so sure.'
0:03:24 > 0:03:27It should fire out if it's still intact.
0:03:27 > 0:03:30However, it will cover the side of your face in snot.
0:03:30 > 0:03:31'Ooo, nice!'
0:03:31 > 0:03:33SHE BLOWS
0:03:33 > 0:03:35'Any sign of that sweet?'
0:03:35 > 0:03:36'Not yet.'
0:03:38 > 0:03:40'Yep, there's that snot.'
0:03:40 > 0:03:42I don't like that.
0:03:42 > 0:03:44- MUM:- I know, I'm sorry, darling.
0:03:44 > 0:03:46It's the best way to try and get it moving.
0:03:46 > 0:03:50'Dr Chris has another look to see if there's been any movement.'
0:03:50 > 0:03:52Actually, I can see bits of it now.
0:03:52 > 0:03:56'Oh, yeah. That tiny little white speck is part of the sweet.'
0:03:56 > 0:03:59What it looks like is there's just little parts of it left.
0:03:59 > 0:04:02If the main body of it is somewhere else,
0:04:02 > 0:04:04then it's a bit further back than we can see.
0:04:04 > 0:04:06'With bits of sweet still up Lacey's nose,
0:04:06 > 0:04:10'we'll be back later to see if that missing mint is still on the loose.'
0:04:13 > 0:04:16Ready to see some amazing experiments?
0:04:16 > 0:04:18This is the Operation Ouch Poo Factory.
0:04:18 > 0:04:22We show you how your incredible body works.
0:04:22 > 0:04:24Just don't try anything you see here at home.
0:04:24 > 0:04:27Today we're taking you on a journey
0:04:27 > 0:04:30down your body's information superhighway.
0:04:30 > 0:04:31We're talking about your nerves.
0:04:33 > 0:04:35Come and have a look at this.
0:04:35 > 0:04:38Now, where in the body do you think you'd find this lot?
0:04:46 > 0:04:48Well, the answer is C -
0:04:48 > 0:04:49it's inside your back.
0:04:49 > 0:04:52This is a spinal column,
0:04:52 > 0:04:54and it runs all the way from the bottom of your head
0:04:54 > 0:04:56to the top of your bottom.
0:04:58 > 0:05:02Now, this spinal column is from a pig, but yours is very similar.
0:05:02 > 0:05:05The whole structure is designed to protect a very important
0:05:05 > 0:05:07bunch of nerves called the spinal cord,
0:05:07 > 0:05:10and it runs down this groove in the middle.
0:05:10 > 0:05:13And this is the spinal cord.
0:05:13 > 0:05:17The reason that it's so well protected inside those bones is
0:05:17 > 0:05:18because it's very important.
0:05:18 > 0:05:22It carries all the information from your brain to your muscles.
0:05:22 > 0:05:23And what's really amazing
0:05:23 > 0:05:28is that some nerves carry signals at 100 metres per second,
0:05:28 > 0:05:32which is ten times faster than anyone can run, even Usain Bolt.
0:05:32 > 0:05:35So how are they so fast? Well, we're going to show you.
0:05:35 > 0:05:37BELL RINGS
0:05:37 > 0:05:39Hang on. That's the lunch bell. Woohoo!
0:05:43 > 0:05:45'Just a minute, Xand. It's not lunchtime yet.
0:05:45 > 0:05:48'What's everyone doing in the canteen?'
0:05:50 > 0:05:53Er, Xand, what on Earth is going on?
0:05:53 > 0:05:56It's actually part of a plan to show you how nerves work.
0:05:56 > 0:06:00Now, the lunch queue represents one single nerve.
0:06:00 > 0:06:03All the way along the nerve are ion channels.
0:06:03 > 0:06:05That's what the people in this lunch queue are.
0:06:05 > 0:06:07They pass the message from one place to another,
0:06:07 > 0:06:09all along the length of the nerve.
0:06:09 > 0:06:10OK, I see.
0:06:10 > 0:06:14So I represent my own brain, and I'm thirsty, and I want a cup of tea.
0:06:14 > 0:06:17In order to get my hand to get me a cup of tea,
0:06:17 > 0:06:19I have to send a message down this line,
0:06:19 > 0:06:23just like the brain would send a nerve signal down a nerve.
0:06:23 > 0:06:26'So my brain is using the ion channels in my nerve to send
0:06:26 > 0:06:29'a message to my hand for a drink.'
0:06:29 > 0:06:32Tea. OK - milk, two sugars, please.
0:06:32 > 0:06:34Thank you.
0:06:34 > 0:06:36Oh, this tea is very hot.
0:06:36 > 0:06:39I'd better send a note to Chris's brain
0:06:39 > 0:06:41to see what he wants me to do about it.
0:06:41 > 0:06:44'Hurry up, ion channels, this is really hot!'
0:06:44 > 0:06:45HE MOANS
0:06:46 > 0:06:48Tea is too hot.
0:06:48 > 0:06:51Hmmm, well, Xand's message did eventually get to me,
0:06:51 > 0:06:53but it took a long time, didn't it?
0:06:53 > 0:06:55From my perspective, the tea is too hot to drink,
0:06:55 > 0:06:57so I'm going to go back to the lab.
0:06:57 > 0:06:58Come on, ion channels.
0:06:59 > 0:07:00Er, Chris?
0:07:01 > 0:07:03Chris?
0:07:05 > 0:07:07Thankfully, your nerves have a trick up their sleeves
0:07:07 > 0:07:10to make them work a whole lot better than our lunch queue,
0:07:10 > 0:07:13and we're going to show you just what that is by using dominoes.
0:07:13 > 0:07:16Dominoes? Great.
0:07:16 > 0:07:19Now, each line of dominoes represents a single nerve.
0:07:19 > 0:07:20And each domino is an ion channel
0:07:20 > 0:07:23just like those people in the lunch queue.
0:07:23 > 0:07:25Now, in this line-up,
0:07:25 > 0:07:27all the dominoes are side-by-side.
0:07:27 > 0:07:31But in this line-up there are rulers between each domino,
0:07:31 > 0:07:36and these rulers represent something called a Myelin Sheath.
0:07:36 > 0:07:37Now, in your body, there is
0:07:37 > 0:07:40a Myelin Sheath wrapped around many of your nerves.
0:07:40 > 0:07:43This is what allows messages to travel down your nerves
0:07:43 > 0:07:44in a very special way.
0:07:44 > 0:07:47Both cars will go around the loop, but...
0:07:47 > 0:07:50..which car is going to jump first?
0:07:50 > 0:07:52Let's find out. It's time for a nerve race.
0:07:55 > 0:07:59Wearing blue, in lane one, it's the rampaging ruler,
0:07:59 > 0:08:01the Myelin Sheath mover, Dr Chris.
0:08:03 > 0:08:07And in lane two, the green machine, the domino dominator, Dr Xand.
0:08:07 > 0:08:09Drivers at the ready.
0:08:09 > 0:08:123, 2, 1... go!
0:08:14 > 0:08:15Yes!
0:08:15 > 0:08:17Let's see that again.
0:08:17 > 0:08:21What a start from Dr Chris's Myelin Sheath
0:08:21 > 0:08:24as it streaks ahead of Dr Xand's dawdling dominos.
0:08:26 > 0:08:29'Exactly what happens in your body as the Myelin Sheath
0:08:29 > 0:08:33'wrapped around the nerve allows the signal to go superfast
0:08:33 > 0:08:36'and sends the blue car speeding to the finish.'
0:08:36 > 0:08:39It's just as well, because if your nerves were like Xand's race,
0:08:39 > 0:08:41you'd be the slowest-moving human on the planet.
0:08:41 > 0:08:43Oi!
0:08:43 > 0:08:46So, we've shown you the amazing superhighway of nerves
0:08:46 > 0:08:49that is your spinal cord.
0:08:49 > 0:08:52And we've shown you how they pass messages around your body so quickly
0:08:52 > 0:08:54at 100 metres per second.
0:08:54 > 0:08:58And that's all thanks to a layer of fat called the Myelin Sheath,
0:08:58 > 0:09:00which allows messages to jump along the nerve,
0:09:00 > 0:09:03getting to their destination superfast.
0:09:03 > 0:09:06Right, I want to have a rematch.
0:09:06 > 0:09:09- Fine, we can. But you have to set up the dominos.- No problem at all.
0:09:09 > 0:09:10OK, good.
0:09:10 > 0:09:13Now, this time, I'm going to want the other line-up.
0:09:13 > 0:09:17I wonder if I can get rid of some of these blue dominos.
0:09:17 > 0:09:18Oh!
0:09:22 > 0:09:23In the UK,
0:09:23 > 0:09:26there are hundreds of rapid response medical teams on standby.
0:09:26 > 0:09:29And they have to get to the scene of an emergency in minutes.
0:09:29 > 0:09:30Minutes?
0:09:36 > 0:09:39We are on call with the UK's emergency services,
0:09:39 > 0:09:42showing you what it's really like on the front line, saving lives.
0:09:43 > 0:09:46On call with me is paramedic Jan Vann.
0:09:49 > 0:09:50Today I'm hitching a ride
0:09:50 > 0:09:53in one of the West Midlands Ambulance Service's
0:09:53 > 0:09:55rapid response vehicles.
0:09:55 > 0:09:58And paramedic Jan Vann is having me along.
0:09:58 > 0:10:00Jan, where's the vehicle?
0:10:02 > 0:10:03How did she do that?
0:10:05 > 0:10:08And a new case is just in.
0:10:08 > 0:10:10We've just got a call about a five-year-old girl
0:10:10 > 0:10:11not eating or drinking,
0:10:11 > 0:10:15vomiting, high temperature, rash on cheek.
0:10:15 > 0:10:17So, Jan, obviously, vomiting with a rash,
0:10:17 > 0:10:19one of the things we've got to think about is meningitis.
0:10:19 > 0:10:22Meningitis, yeah. If it is meningitis
0:10:22 > 0:10:23that could be quite serious.
0:10:23 > 0:10:26So treatment has to start straightaway.
0:10:26 > 0:10:28'Within minutes we arrive at the scene.
0:10:28 > 0:10:30'I've got my camera, and Eric's got his,
0:10:30 > 0:10:32'so you won't miss any of the action.'
0:10:36 > 0:10:38- Hello.- Hello. What's your name?
0:10:39 > 0:10:42- Reema.- Reema?- That's pretty. What's been happening, Mum?
0:10:42 > 0:10:45She had a high temperature, and then every time she gets
0:10:45 > 0:10:48- the Calpol, it's soothing, but it's going back again.- OK.
0:10:48 > 0:10:52'Jan checks for meningitis, which often shows itself as a rash,
0:10:52 > 0:10:55'and, if not treated, this can be serious.'
0:10:55 > 0:10:56Fantastic.
0:10:56 > 0:11:00'Luckily, there's no rash, but she does have a high temperature.'
0:11:00 > 0:11:03Reema's temperature is 39.9 degrees.
0:11:03 > 0:11:06Normal body temperature should be just below 37.
0:11:06 > 0:11:08So it may not sound like much,
0:11:08 > 0:11:11but actually, if you're at 39.9 degrees centigrade,
0:11:11 > 0:11:13that can be quite dangerous just by itself.
0:11:13 > 0:11:15Is she weeing, Mum?
0:11:15 > 0:11:17- She did a wee... - When did she do wee?
0:11:17 > 0:11:19About two, three hours ago.
0:11:19 > 0:11:22And when you go for a wee, does it hurt? No?
0:11:22 > 0:11:24So although Reema's been vomiting,
0:11:24 > 0:11:27she hasn't been drinking very much, she is still making wee.
0:11:27 > 0:11:29That shows her kidneys are working
0:11:29 > 0:11:31and that she actually has enough fluid in her body.
0:11:31 > 0:11:32So that's a really good sign.
0:11:32 > 0:11:35Looking at all her observations, they are all normal,
0:11:35 > 0:11:37but she's got quite a high temperature.
0:11:37 > 0:11:39So the biggest problem at the moment
0:11:39 > 0:11:41is that she's got some sort of viral infection.
0:11:41 > 0:11:44'The good news is Reema won't need a trip to hospital.'
0:11:44 > 0:11:47Hi, I'm a paramedic on scene with a little poorly child.
0:11:47 > 0:11:51'But Jan makes an appointment for her to see her GP.'
0:11:51 > 0:11:52What do you think of Jan?
0:11:52 > 0:11:54'And it's a thumbs up from Reema.'
0:11:54 > 0:11:56I mean, I was quite worried about Reema.
0:11:56 > 0:11:59When we took her temperature and it was 39.9,
0:11:59 > 0:12:00that is a seriously high temperature.
0:12:00 > 0:12:03But, luckily, Jan's able to be really reassuring,
0:12:03 > 0:12:05say it's definitely not meningitis.
0:12:05 > 0:12:07'And after a visit to her GP,
0:12:07 > 0:12:10'Reema was treated for a viral infection and soon recovered.'
0:12:12 > 0:12:13'Still to come...
0:12:14 > 0:12:17'We are 'ouch and about' solving your medical mysteries.
0:12:17 > 0:12:18Next patient, please.
0:12:18 > 0:12:20Dun-dun-duh!
0:12:20 > 0:12:21'We bend minds.'
0:12:21 > 0:12:23I don't get it.
0:12:24 > 0:12:27'And I discover how mucky your mitts are.'
0:12:27 > 0:12:30- When was the last time your dad washed his hands?- Never.- Eurgh!
0:12:33 > 0:12:35Remember Lacey and the sweet stuck up her nose?
0:12:35 > 0:12:38It's time to find out how she's getting on.
0:12:38 > 0:12:40Her nose, Xand, not yours!
0:12:40 > 0:12:41Oh, yeah.
0:12:41 > 0:12:46'In Sheffield, four-year-old Lacey is in hospital after sticking
0:12:46 > 0:12:47'a sweet up her schnoz.
0:12:48 > 0:12:50'Lacey was at home watching TV.
0:12:50 > 0:12:54'She was munching mints when she stuck one up her nose.
0:12:54 > 0:12:57'Then, when she tried to get it out, she pushed it up even further.
0:12:57 > 0:13:00'After trying to blow the candy out of her nose...
0:13:00 > 0:13:02'..with a little help from Mum...
0:13:02 > 0:13:05'..Dr Chris has only managed to see small bits of the sweet.
0:13:05 > 0:13:09'So it's time to try some tools to remove this crumbly candy.'
0:13:09 > 0:13:12These are crocodile forceps. Snap, snap!
0:13:12 > 0:13:15'Dr Chris goes in search of the sweetie with the crocodile forceps.'
0:13:17 > 0:13:19There are lots of nooks and crannies in your nose
0:13:19 > 0:13:21where a sweetie could hide.
0:13:21 > 0:13:23Up your nostrils,
0:13:23 > 0:13:24or in your nasal passages.
0:13:24 > 0:13:26Who knows where Lacey's sweetie is?
0:13:26 > 0:13:30To try and find it, Dr Chris is using crocodile forceps.
0:13:31 > 0:13:33It could be anywhere around here.
0:13:34 > 0:13:37- It's tickling on the tip my nose. - Is it?
0:13:37 > 0:13:41'After a search up Lacey's snout, there's no sign of the sweet.'
0:13:41 > 0:13:44There was a small bubble of snot that I could see,
0:13:44 > 0:13:46so I tried to grip that, but there was nothing in it.
0:13:46 > 0:13:50It was just soft mucus.
0:13:50 > 0:13:52'If there are any pieces of the sweet left,
0:13:52 > 0:13:55'they'll come out by themselves in Lacey's snot.'
0:13:55 > 0:13:57'So, are you going to stick anything up your nose in future, Lacey?'
0:13:57 > 0:13:59No.
0:13:59 > 0:14:01- 'Glad to hear it.- Bye!- Bye!'
0:14:01 > 0:14:02- Bye-bye.- Bye.
0:14:11 > 0:14:13That that's a lot of texting!
0:14:15 > 0:14:17'Now we're going to mess with your mind...'
0:14:17 > 0:14:19Wait, you're him?
0:14:19 > 0:14:21'..scramble your senses
0:14:21 > 0:14:22'and baffle your brain!'
0:14:25 > 0:14:27For today's mind-bending trick
0:14:27 > 0:14:30we're going to perform an optical illusion.
0:14:30 > 0:14:32Dun, dun, dun!
0:14:33 > 0:14:35What are you doing?
0:14:35 > 0:14:37I'm going to perform an illusion.
0:14:37 > 0:14:40Xand, it's not a magic trick,
0:14:40 > 0:14:43it's science. It's an optical illusion.
0:14:43 > 0:14:46- Can I keep wearing my cape? - No, go and get changed.
0:14:49 > 0:14:52Our optical illusion is going to show how your brain processes
0:14:52 > 0:14:54visual information.
0:14:54 > 0:14:57Here we've got a lovely batch of fresh cupcakes,
0:14:57 > 0:15:00but which of the two middle cakes is bigger?
0:15:00 > 0:15:01First up, is Grace.
0:15:01 > 0:15:03This cake is worth £1.
0:15:03 > 0:15:06How much would you pay for that cake?
0:15:06 > 0:15:07£1.30?
0:15:07 > 0:15:11You think £1.30, so you think it's about 30% bigger?
0:15:11 > 0:15:14The bigger it is, the more it should cost, because it's more yummy.
0:15:14 > 0:15:16- More yumminess?- More yumminess. - You pay for the yumminess.
0:15:16 > 0:15:19So you're sure that cake is about a third bigger
0:15:19 > 0:15:20than that cake on the left?
0:15:20 > 0:15:21Yeah.
0:15:21 > 0:15:24'OK. So, if this yummy cake is £1,
0:15:24 > 0:15:27'how much would people pay for this even yummier cake?'
0:15:27 > 0:15:29- I would pay £1.50.- You'd pay £1.50?
0:15:29 > 0:15:34Probably about £1.75.
0:15:34 > 0:15:38- You think that one is 75p bigger than that one?- Yeah.
0:15:38 > 0:15:39£1.50.
0:15:40 > 0:15:42£2. £2?
0:15:42 > 0:15:45- Really?- I'd say £2 as well. It's taller.
0:15:45 > 0:15:47I think one is taller.
0:15:47 > 0:15:49It definitely looks bigger and fatter.
0:15:49 > 0:15:53'Well, if you said you'd pay more for the bigger cake on the left,
0:15:53 > 0:15:56'you'd be out of pocket, because, believe it or not,
0:15:56 > 0:15:58'they are the same size.'
0:15:58 > 0:16:00Gracie, what would you say
0:16:00 > 0:16:04if I told you those two cakes are exactly the same size?
0:16:04 > 0:16:06- You're mad! - LAUGHTER
0:16:06 > 0:16:07Incredible.
0:16:07 > 0:16:11- No, no.- You still think that one's bigger?- Yeah.
0:16:11 > 0:16:14- It's weird.- Yeah. Really weird.
0:16:14 > 0:16:16I don't get it.
0:16:16 > 0:16:18So why do you think that one looks bigger?
0:16:18 > 0:16:21Is it because of the size of the cakes around it?
0:16:21 > 0:16:24They're tiny, and those ones are massive.
0:16:24 > 0:16:25'Yep, they've got it.'
0:16:25 > 0:16:28This trick is known as the Ebbinghaus Illusion.
0:16:28 > 0:16:31It demonstrates that our brain doesn't see
0:16:31 > 0:16:32the size of things as they really are,
0:16:32 > 0:16:36but rather, as they appear compared to what's around them.
0:16:36 > 0:16:39Both cakes are exactly the same size, but the one on the left
0:16:39 > 0:16:44appears larger because it's surrounded by smaller cakes.
0:16:44 > 0:16:46Right, Xand. Let's take the tray further down the street and see
0:16:46 > 0:16:49if we can find some more volunteers for our experiment.
0:16:49 > 0:16:53Wait a minute, the middle cakes have gone!
0:16:53 > 0:16:54HE MUMBLES
0:17:02 > 0:17:06Today we're back in a theme park with our mobile clinic.
0:17:06 > 0:17:10Xand is preparing the Ouchmobile ready for his first patient.
0:17:10 > 0:17:12And Chris is ouch and about in the park
0:17:12 > 0:17:13to answer your burning questions.
0:17:13 > 0:17:16Wow, I'm impressed.
0:17:16 > 0:17:18At the clinic, Xand is open for business.
0:17:18 > 0:17:20Next patient, please.
0:17:20 > 0:17:24First in is nine-year-old Kayla, who wants to talk about her tummy.
0:17:24 > 0:17:26Why have you come to the Ouchmobile today?
0:17:26 > 0:17:32I have this interesting white line going down my stomach.
0:17:32 > 0:17:33'What's the diagnosis, Doc?'
0:17:33 > 0:17:38Sounds like a case of....
0:17:38 > 0:17:39I can't wait to see it.
0:17:40 > 0:17:42Now, can we have a look?
0:17:42 > 0:17:43OK.
0:17:43 > 0:17:44Oh, there it is.
0:17:44 > 0:17:46What's interesting about this...
0:17:46 > 0:17:49is that the line it runs along is called...
0:17:52 > 0:17:53The Lines of Blaschko are
0:17:53 > 0:17:55the little lines in your skin
0:17:55 > 0:17:58that cells march along when you're growing inside your mum.
0:17:58 > 0:18:00And the cells that make your skin a dark colour
0:18:00 > 0:18:03are called Melanocytes - they make melanin -
0:18:03 > 0:18:07and you've got a few less of them walking along that line.
0:18:07 > 0:18:10I think that it's quite a special line,
0:18:10 > 0:18:12and you should be quite pleased about it.
0:18:12 > 0:18:14Thank you very much for bringing your amazing line
0:18:14 > 0:18:16- into the Ouchmobile.- You're welcome.
0:18:18 > 0:18:20'Away from the clinic,
0:18:20 > 0:18:24'Chris is ouch and about in the park solving your medical mysteries.'
0:18:24 > 0:18:27Why do you go red when you're shy?
0:18:27 > 0:18:29Being shy is a bit like being attacked.
0:18:29 > 0:18:31Your heart rate increases
0:18:31 > 0:18:34and your face goes red because there's more blood going to it.
0:18:34 > 0:18:35Thank you, Dr Chris.
0:18:37 > 0:18:39Why do paper cuts hurt so much?
0:18:39 > 0:18:43I think the reason they hurt so much is because paper just cuts
0:18:43 > 0:18:46that top bit of the skin where all the nerves are.
0:18:46 > 0:18:49So it is as painful as if you cut it with a knife. Does that explain it?
0:18:49 > 0:18:51Yes.
0:18:51 > 0:18:54'Back at the Ouchmobile, there's a new case in the waiting room.'
0:18:54 > 0:18:56Next patient, please.
0:18:56 > 0:19:00And its 11-year-old Martha with a multicoloured mystery.
0:19:00 > 0:19:02So, Martha, why have you come to the Ouchmobile?
0:19:02 > 0:19:06I've got a bluey greeny eye with a smudge of brown in it.
0:19:06 > 0:19:08What the diagnosis, Doc?
0:19:08 > 0:19:09Sounds to me like a case of...
0:19:13 > 0:19:14'Yep, that's what she said.'
0:19:14 > 0:19:16Can you open up the eyelid on the Ouchcam?
0:19:20 > 0:19:22Now, that eye is just a regular blue eye.
0:19:22 > 0:19:25This one has got two different colours in it.
0:19:25 > 0:19:28So we call this mosaicism, like after a mosaic.
0:19:28 > 0:19:31Effectively, your eyes are made of different coloured tiles
0:19:31 > 0:19:34and you've got mostly blue tiles, with a few brown tiles.
0:19:34 > 0:19:36How did I get it?
0:19:36 > 0:19:39So, everyone starts life as just one single cell.
0:19:39 > 0:19:42That's divided in half to become two cells, then four cells,
0:19:42 > 0:19:45then eight cells, until you get Martha.
0:19:45 > 0:19:48And somewhere early on, one of these cells makes the decision to go,
0:19:48 > 0:19:51"You know what, I'm going to be brown eyes, not blue eyes",
0:19:51 > 0:19:54and those cells have stuck together, and they're in your eye.
0:19:54 > 0:19:57Thanks very much for bringing your amazing eyes to the Ouchmobile.
0:19:57 > 0:19:58Thank you, Dr Xand.
0:19:59 > 0:20:00'Job done for today.'
0:20:04 > 0:20:08- Uh, hi, Xand.- Oh, hello, Chris. - Er! What have you been doing?
0:20:08 > 0:20:10Making toast and jam. Would you like some?
0:20:10 > 0:20:12I'd love some. I love toast and jam.
0:20:12 > 0:20:15Actually, no, I hate toast and jam.
0:20:15 > 0:20:16- More for me!- Whoa, whoa!
0:20:16 > 0:20:17Xand, before you eat that,
0:20:17 > 0:20:19when was the last time you washed your hands?
0:20:19 > 0:20:22Looking at them, I'd say fairly recently.
0:20:22 > 0:20:25Well, I think it's time to wash them again.
0:20:25 > 0:20:28Never mind that, Chris - it's time for Investigation Ouch.
0:20:32 > 0:20:34'Every single day, your hands come into contact
0:20:34 > 0:20:36'with all sorts of things,
0:20:36 > 0:20:39'picking up a lot of bacteria along the way.'
0:20:39 > 0:20:41But just how often do we wash our hands?
0:20:41 > 0:20:46Well, I'm going to find out using a special scientific tool called...
0:20:46 > 0:20:47asking people.
0:20:47 > 0:20:50When was the last time you washed your hands?
0:20:50 > 0:20:51Er, just before I left the house,
0:20:51 > 0:20:53which was probably about 20 minutes ago, maybe.
0:20:53 > 0:20:54Really? OK.
0:20:54 > 0:20:56- A couple of hours ago?- Yeah.
0:20:56 > 0:20:57At school.
0:20:57 > 0:21:00When was the last time your dad washed his hands, do you think?
0:21:00 > 0:21:02I think it was never.
0:21:02 > 0:21:04You think he's never washed them?
0:21:04 > 0:21:07- In the morning.- In the morning? What time is it now?
0:21:08 > 0:21:10- It's about...- Late afternoon.
0:21:11 > 0:21:14So, maybe we don't wash our hands quite as often as we think we do,
0:21:14 > 0:21:17but why does it matter how clean our mitts are?
0:21:17 > 0:21:20Well, there are harmless bacteria on your hands,
0:21:20 > 0:21:24but your hands also play a crucial role in spreading illness.
0:21:24 > 0:21:27In fact, four out of every five illnesses
0:21:27 > 0:21:29are spread using your hands.
0:21:30 > 0:21:32Although you don't need to wash them all the time,
0:21:32 > 0:21:35washing your hands before you eat and after you go to the loo
0:21:35 > 0:21:38is very important, and I'm going to show you why.
0:21:38 > 0:21:42So, I'm gathering as many handprints as possible on a special jelly
0:21:42 > 0:21:46which will help to show what bacteria are on people's hands.
0:21:46 > 0:21:48Well done. Brilliant.
0:21:48 > 0:21:51Next, I want to take a second handprint after their hands have been
0:21:51 > 0:21:55washed in water to see if there's a change in the amount of bacteria.
0:21:55 > 0:21:58Finally, I want to see the difference soap makes.
0:21:58 > 0:22:02So I'm getting my volunteers to wash their hands with soap and water.
0:22:02 > 0:22:06OK, so you do the backs of your hands, in between your fingers.
0:22:06 > 0:22:08This is an absolute masterclass in hand washing.
0:22:08 > 0:22:10What about a nice clean high-five?
0:22:12 > 0:22:16Now our samples head off to the lab where they are put in an incubator
0:22:16 > 0:22:20set at exactly 37 degrees, which is the same temperature as your body.
0:22:20 > 0:22:21They will happily grow
0:22:21 > 0:22:25in this perfect bacteria breeding environment for 48 hours.
0:22:26 > 0:22:30Keeping an eye on our batch is virologist Rhiannon Lowe.
0:22:30 > 0:22:32So, Rhiannon, what have we got here?
0:22:32 > 0:22:35OK, these are the plates that haven't been washed.
0:22:35 > 0:22:39So we've got normal skin flora that we've been growing up, so we've
0:22:39 > 0:22:43got lots of staphylococcus species, we've got streptococcus species.
0:22:43 > 0:22:47And that's exactly what you would expect from a regular hand.
0:22:47 > 0:22:51This is normal hand flora - you can see the four fingers and thumb.
0:22:51 > 0:22:52Check out these furry fellows.
0:22:52 > 0:22:55Would you like to smell?
0:22:55 > 0:22:58Oo, that is, er, a strong smell.
0:22:58 > 0:23:01So these are bacteria that you might find on your hands after not
0:23:01 > 0:23:03washing your hands after going to the toilet,
0:23:03 > 0:23:05so there will be faecal bacteria.
0:23:05 > 0:23:07'Yep, that means poo.
0:23:07 > 0:23:09'And these bacteria can cause food poisoning.'
0:23:09 > 0:23:12- So can we have a look at the next lot?- Yep.
0:23:12 > 0:23:14A lot of people don't wash the thumb very well at all,
0:23:14 > 0:23:17so your thumb tends to have a lot more bacteria on them.
0:23:17 > 0:23:18What, people just stick their...
0:23:18 > 0:23:22Yeah, just wash it like that, and their thumbs stick out like that.
0:23:22 > 0:23:24'So there's still definite handprints here.
0:23:24 > 0:23:27'It's clear that water alone doesn't do much.'
0:23:27 > 0:23:29- What about number three? - Number three. Let's take a look.
0:23:29 > 0:23:32'Squeaky-clean! Well, almost.'
0:23:32 > 0:23:35There's just a few sporadic colonies.
0:23:35 > 0:23:38'It just goes to show that using soap when you wash your hands
0:23:38 > 0:23:39'is so much better.'
0:23:39 > 0:23:43There are bacteria on your skin that are actually doing you good.
0:23:43 > 0:23:47'So there's no need to keep your hands squeaky clean all the time.'
0:23:47 > 0:23:51But washing your hands with soap and water, especially before you eat,
0:23:51 > 0:23:54is a great way of protecting you from getting sick.
0:23:54 > 0:23:57'And remember, when you wash your hands, do it thoroughly.
0:23:57 > 0:24:00'A good 20 seconds of washing with soap and warm water
0:24:00 > 0:24:03'will keep your mitts clean. And don't forget your thumbs!'
0:24:08 > 0:24:12In the emergency department, doctors and nurses need to act fast.
0:24:12 > 0:24:15Especially when strange things like this happen!
0:24:17 > 0:24:19At Alder Hey in Liverpool,
0:24:19 > 0:24:22waiting with his dad is five-year-old Peter.
0:24:22 > 0:24:24He looks fed up. What's the matter?
0:24:24 > 0:24:25I hurt my ear.
0:24:25 > 0:24:27It's a little sticking out,
0:24:27 > 0:24:29and there's a bit of swelling just behind his ear.
0:24:29 > 0:24:32'See what you mean, Dad. That is sticking out.
0:24:32 > 0:24:34'How did this ear-itable incident happen?'
0:24:36 > 0:24:40It was lunchtime at school and Peter was tucking into...
0:24:40 > 0:24:42- A cheese sandwich?- No.
0:24:42 > 0:24:44- Beans on toast?- No, Xand.
0:24:44 > 0:24:48- Fish and chips? I love fish and chips.- No, Xand, it was chicken.
0:24:49 > 0:24:51Mmmmm! Yum. That's a lot of chicken.
0:24:52 > 0:24:57- Yes. But as Peter was eating, his ear started hurting.- Oh, no!
0:24:57 > 0:25:01- And then it started growing. - Whoa! Like Jack's beanstalk.
0:25:01 > 0:25:05Xand, this is Peter's story, not Jack's.
0:25:05 > 0:25:08- Anyway, it grew, and grew... - Come on, Chris, stop it now.
0:25:08 > 0:25:09It wasn't that big!
0:25:09 > 0:25:12OK, OK, but the pain did become
0:25:12 > 0:25:14so bad that Peter couldn't eat his lunch.
0:25:14 > 0:25:15Ouch!
0:25:17 > 0:25:20Time for Dr Ashvin Luximon to find out more.
0:25:20 > 0:25:23- Where does it hurt? - Here. It's here.
0:25:23 > 0:25:26'Dr Ashvin takes a closer look at Peter's ear.'
0:25:26 > 0:25:29- Does it hurt when I press?- Ow! - It hurts there?
0:25:29 > 0:25:32- Yes.- And is it hurting inside your ear as well?
0:25:32 > 0:25:34Erm, no. Just outside.
0:25:34 > 0:25:37'So what's the doctor's diagnosis?'
0:25:37 > 0:25:40It's quite tender to touch just behind his ear which is
0:25:40 > 0:25:42where his mastoid bone is.
0:25:42 > 0:25:45We just have two rule out something potentially quite serious
0:25:45 > 0:25:46such as mastoiditis.
0:25:47 > 0:25:51Inside your head, the mastoid bone sits behind your ear.
0:25:51 > 0:25:54Sometimes it can get infected with bad bacteria.
0:25:54 > 0:25:56This is called mastoiditis.
0:25:56 > 0:25:59It can become serious if not treated quickly.
0:26:00 > 0:26:03Peter's got his own ideas about what might happen.
0:26:03 > 0:26:06You can just chop my ear off and put another ear on.
0:26:06 > 0:26:09'Did he just say chop his ear off and put another ear on?'
0:26:09 > 0:26:11Just chop my ear off and put another ear on.
0:26:11 > 0:26:14'Yeah, I don't think we're going to need to do that.'
0:26:14 > 0:26:15Phew!
0:26:15 > 0:26:16'Phew, indeed!'
0:26:18 > 0:26:20OK, are you ready? A little prick coming now.
0:26:20 > 0:26:24'Peter's having a blood test to help the doctors decide what's going on.'
0:26:24 > 0:26:26High five.
0:26:26 > 0:26:27'Oh, come on, Dad.'
0:26:27 > 0:26:29LAUGHTER
0:26:29 > 0:26:30I'll high-five you with my foot.
0:26:30 > 0:26:32'Great work, Peter.'
0:26:32 > 0:26:35'After a restless couple of hours, Dr Ashvin is back,
0:26:35 > 0:26:39'but the results of the blood test are inconclusive.'
0:26:39 > 0:26:41It still could be mastoiditis because it is swollen
0:26:41 > 0:26:43and tender there. OK?
0:26:43 > 0:26:46So, Peter's blood results came back as unclear, really,
0:26:46 > 0:26:49so we're going to keep him in over the weekend and admit him
0:26:49 > 0:26:52for IV antibiotics which should clear up any infection.
0:26:52 > 0:26:55- 'So, off Peter goes to the ward. - See you in a bit, fellow!'
0:26:57 > 0:27:01'The good news is, after a couple of days, the antibiotics have worked.'
0:27:01 > 0:27:03'And that's what a normal ear should look like.'
0:27:03 > 0:27:05They put a needle in your hand, didn't they?
0:27:05 > 0:27:07They put a needle in my hand to make me better.
0:27:07 > 0:27:09He's got to take antibiotics orally,
0:27:09 > 0:27:13so when he gets home we'll just carry on with that for seven days.
0:27:13 > 0:27:17And hopefully, should be back to normal within a couple of days.
0:27:17 > 0:27:20- 'OK, I 'ear' you! Bye!- Bye!'
0:27:23 > 0:27:25Next time on Operation Ouch...
0:27:25 > 0:27:28'We find out what this bone has to do with your blood...'
0:27:28 > 0:27:32We're going to need some very specialist kit to cut it open.
0:27:32 > 0:27:34Exactly.
0:27:34 > 0:27:37'Xand hits the road with the emergency services...'
0:27:37 > 0:27:39He has a life-threatening condition.
0:27:40 > 0:27:43'And Ben's brain has an incredible op...'
0:27:43 > 0:27:46So this is the surface of Ben's brain.
0:27:47 > 0:27:51- So we'll see you next time... - ..for more Operation Ouch!
0:27:52 > 0:27:54Chris!
0:27:54 > 0:27:55Wait for me!
0:27:56 > 0:27:59How much would each of you pay for that cake in the middle,
0:27:59 > 0:28:00on the right?
0:28:00 > 0:28:03- I'd probably pay £1 for that one. - You'd pay the same price for both?
0:28:03 > 0:28:05- Yes.- BOTH: Why?
0:28:05 > 0:28:06They look the same.
0:28:06 > 0:28:09Now that is what you'd hope for from the police, isn't it?
0:28:09 > 0:28:11The only people we haven't fooled all day.