0:00:24 > 0:00:25I'm Doctor Chris.
0:00:25 > 0:00:27And I'm Doctor Xand.
0:00:27 > 0:00:29- We're identical twins.- Twins.
0:00:29 > 0:00:32Do you know your body does loads of amazing things every day
0:00:32 > 0:00:34without you even realising it?
0:00:34 > 0:00:36This is what kidneys look like.
0:00:36 > 0:00:38We're going to show you how.
0:00:38 > 0:00:40Smell my armpits!
0:00:40 > 0:00:42We've got gobsmacking experiments...
0:00:42 > 0:00:43Wow!
0:00:43 > 0:00:46..mind-bending body tricks...
0:00:46 > 0:00:48and real medical mysteries.
0:00:48 > 0:00:50I got hit with a wooden cricket bat.
0:00:50 > 0:00:53So, are you ready to see what you're made of?
0:00:56 > 0:00:59- Coming up today... - On Operation Ouch.
0:00:59 > 0:01:00You've got my bag.
0:01:00 > 0:01:02What? You've got MY bag.
0:01:05 > 0:01:08We show you where blood comes from.
0:01:08 > 0:01:09Right there is a blood vessel.
0:01:10 > 0:01:12We're going to mess with your mind.
0:01:12 > 0:01:14SHE LAUGHS
0:01:14 > 0:01:17And amazing surgery changes Ben's life.
0:01:17 > 0:01:21So, this is the surface of Ben's brain.
0:01:22 > 0:01:23But first...
0:01:23 > 0:01:26Every year, half a million people attend
0:01:26 > 0:01:28the accident and emergency department
0:01:28 > 0:01:29because of sporting injuries.
0:01:29 > 0:01:32HE SCREAMS
0:01:32 > 0:01:34And here's another one.
0:01:38 > 0:01:41In accident and emergency, nine-year-old Tamsin is waiting
0:01:41 > 0:01:42to see the doctors.
0:01:42 > 0:01:45It's my leg, it's very sore and it's swelled up.
0:01:45 > 0:01:48Oh, dear. That doesn't sound good.
0:01:48 > 0:01:52When I done PE, that's when my whole leg went purple, green and blue.
0:01:52 > 0:01:56Let's find out exactly how this multicoloured mischief happened.
0:01:56 > 0:01:59Well, there's two parts to this story, Xand.
0:01:59 > 0:02:00OK, what's the first?
0:02:00 > 0:02:03Tamsin was at her Thai boxing class
0:02:03 > 0:02:07- sparring with her partner Ryad.- Ooh, wouldn't want to mess with her!
0:02:07 > 0:02:09I know, Xand. They both went to do a bandi move -
0:02:09 > 0:02:12a flying kick - but their knees clashed!
0:02:12 > 0:02:16- Ouch!- That's not all, Xand. There's more.- What?
0:02:16 > 0:02:20A couple of days later, Tamsin was playing hockey in PE.
0:02:20 > 0:02:22- Who's winning?- Never mind that, Xand.
0:02:22 > 0:02:26Because as Tamsin's opponent whacked the ball, his stick accidently
0:02:26 > 0:02:29- hit Tamsin's shin.- On the same leg!
0:02:29 > 0:02:32- Ooh!- Double ouch!
0:02:32 > 0:02:36Here to find out more about Tamsin's troubles is Dr Helen Stewart.
0:02:36 > 0:02:38If I try and move your ankle...
0:02:38 > 0:02:39SHE WHIMPERS
0:02:39 > 0:02:42It's obviously quite sore, Chris.
0:02:42 > 0:02:44Where did that hurt when I did that?
0:02:44 > 0:02:46Just down there? OK.
0:02:46 > 0:02:49Well, I'll stop it there because you're obviously in a lot of pain
0:02:49 > 0:02:51and I think we need to get some X-rays.
0:02:51 > 0:02:54So, it's off to get some snaps to see why her ankle is in agony.
0:02:55 > 0:02:59After a few photos, Dr Helen delivers the verdict.
0:02:59 > 0:03:01So, I can't see any breaks on the bones,
0:03:01 > 0:03:04but because of the pain that you're in,
0:03:04 > 0:03:06we're going to treat you the same as we would
0:03:06 > 0:03:07if you'd broken something.
0:03:07 > 0:03:09- OK.- Which means...
0:03:09 > 0:03:12- pot on the leg. - No, no, no, no, no!
0:03:12 > 0:03:14Pot is another name for a plaster cast and I don't think
0:03:14 > 0:03:16it's what Tamsin was hoping for.
0:03:16 > 0:03:19- No sports for a little while. - Oh, my...
0:03:19 > 0:03:21- I know. No Thai boxing!- Oh!
0:03:22 > 0:03:24The cast will make her more comfortable,
0:03:24 > 0:03:26it'll help the pain and help her to heal.
0:03:26 > 0:03:30Tamsin's having a backslab, which supports the back of her leg
0:03:30 > 0:03:32and allows for swelling.
0:03:32 > 0:03:33It feels so weird.
0:03:33 > 0:03:36I think we've got a "pot star" on our hands here, Xand.
0:03:36 > 0:03:39# Hospitals are good hospitals are bad
0:03:39 > 0:03:42# And they put me in a pot and I'll be good to go. #
0:03:42 > 0:03:46Tamsin's got talent. She'll need to come back for a checkup
0:03:46 > 0:03:47on that painful pin.
0:03:47 > 0:03:49Find out later how she gets on.
0:03:53 > 0:03:55Ready to see some amazing experiments?
0:03:55 > 0:03:58This is the Operation Ouch Poo Factory.
0:03:58 > 0:04:02We're going to show you how your incredible body works.
0:04:02 > 0:04:05Just don't try anything you see here at home.
0:04:09 > 0:04:11Chris, can I trouble you for a favour?
0:04:11 > 0:04:13I need to borrow something of yours for an experiment.
0:04:13 > 0:04:16- Is that OK? - Yeah, that's fine, whatever.
0:04:16 > 0:04:18Hang on, trouble me for what?
0:04:18 > 0:04:20Some of your blood. You've got eight pints of it.
0:04:20 > 0:04:23Absolutely not. I'm using mine at the moment.
0:04:23 > 0:04:26Yeah, but this is a once in a lifetime chance to get it on telly.
0:04:26 > 0:04:28Oh, this does sound good, actually.
0:04:28 > 0:04:29Great.
0:04:29 > 0:04:33Now, remember, we can only do this because we're doctors.
0:04:36 > 0:04:39Now you might think I'm being brave for this needle, but you've
0:04:39 > 0:04:43got to remember that needles don't hurt unless you think they hurt.
0:04:43 > 0:04:44And I don't think it hurts.
0:04:48 > 0:04:50Nice work, Xand.
0:04:50 > 0:04:52I have to say, though, for all the vital jobs it does,
0:04:52 > 0:04:55like carrying oxygen around my body, it's not much to look at, is it?
0:04:55 > 0:04:59I mean, it's just sort of red and gloopy, right?
0:04:59 > 0:05:00Wrong.
0:05:00 > 0:05:04It is much to look at, but only if you put it in one of these.
0:05:04 > 0:05:06This is a centrifuge machine.
0:05:08 > 0:05:11This is MY centrifuge machine! I've been looking for that.
0:05:11 > 0:05:14Stop interrupting, we're trying to do an experiment.
0:05:16 > 0:05:19By spinning Chris's blood around at high speed, the centrifuge machine
0:05:19 > 0:05:22will separate the different parts that make up blood,
0:05:22 > 0:05:23so we can see them.
0:05:23 > 0:05:25And ten minutes later...
0:05:25 > 0:05:27BELL RINGS
0:05:29 > 0:05:31So, there we go.
0:05:31 > 0:05:34Now, this top liquid layer is called the plasma
0:05:34 > 0:05:35and it carries nutrients around your body
0:05:35 > 0:05:40and also carries waste material that your body wants to get rid of.
0:05:40 > 0:05:43And underneath the plasma, you can see this red layer,
0:05:43 > 0:05:46and that is made up of red blood cells or, erythrocytes,
0:05:46 > 0:05:49and these carry oxygen all around your body.
0:05:49 > 0:05:50And also in there are the platelets,
0:05:50 > 0:05:54and those are the cells that help you form blood clots.
0:05:54 > 0:05:56And right between these two layers, you can see
0:05:56 > 0:05:57a little bit of cloudiness.
0:05:57 > 0:06:00Those are white blood cells to fight infection.
0:06:00 > 0:06:03Well, there we go, Chris. We're all done with that now.
0:06:03 > 0:06:04Why are you giving me this?
0:06:04 > 0:06:07I only needed to borrow it. I'm a man of my word.
0:06:07 > 0:06:10So you've seen what your blood is made up of,
0:06:10 > 0:06:12but do you know where your blood comes from?
0:06:12 > 0:06:14Well, we're going to show you.
0:06:16 > 0:06:18Gross alert coming up!
0:06:18 > 0:06:22Amazingly, your blood comes from your bones.
0:06:22 > 0:06:24If you thought your bones were just solid hard white things that
0:06:24 > 0:06:27kept you standing up, then think again,
0:06:27 > 0:06:29because there's more to bones than that.
0:06:29 > 0:06:32Now, to demonstrate this, I've got a pig's femur.
0:06:32 > 0:06:34That's the big bone that you've got in your thigh,
0:06:34 > 0:06:39and we're going to open this one up to see how bones make blood.
0:06:39 > 0:06:42The femur is one of the strongest bones in the body,
0:06:42 > 0:06:45so we're going to need some very specialist kit to cut it open.
0:06:45 > 0:06:47Exactly.
0:06:48 > 0:06:52Right, Xand. Or we could use...
0:06:52 > 0:06:53a medical femur saw.
0:06:53 > 0:06:58It's the only thing the doctors ever, ever use to cut bones.
0:06:58 > 0:06:59OK, we'll do it your way.
0:07:01 > 0:07:04It's time to saw open some bone.
0:07:04 > 0:07:06Chris, the saw.
0:07:06 > 0:07:09'Get ready, because this is going to be a bit messy.'
0:07:14 > 0:07:18This is the inside of a pig's femur, and right here,
0:07:18 > 0:07:21this squishy stuff is red bone marrow.
0:07:21 > 0:07:25Now, it's the red bone marrow that makes all your blood cells.
0:07:25 > 0:07:27In fact, every single day,
0:07:27 > 0:07:31your bone marrow makes 500 billion blood cells.
0:07:31 > 0:07:32Busy!
0:07:32 > 0:07:35Now, the inside of your bones looks like this.
0:07:35 > 0:07:38It's pink with a lot of red marrow.
0:07:38 > 0:07:41But as you get older, your marrow starts to turn yellow.
0:07:41 > 0:07:43Chris, the yellow bone marrow.
0:07:43 > 0:07:44Coming right up.
0:07:47 > 0:07:51This is the inside of an adult cow's leg bone.
0:07:51 > 0:07:54This yellow bone marrow is a much lighter colour.
0:07:54 > 0:07:56It's very soft and squidgy,
0:07:56 > 0:07:58and that's because it's mostly fat cells.
0:07:58 > 0:08:01And this is what your mum and dad's bone marrow looks like.
0:08:01 > 0:08:04And that's because your body needs more blood when it's growing a lot.
0:08:04 > 0:08:08But as you get older, and you don't have so much growing to do,
0:08:08 > 0:08:10some of the red marrow which makes blood,
0:08:10 > 0:08:14turns to yellow marrow, which is basically a fat store.
0:08:14 > 0:08:17So, you have more red marrow than a grown-up!
0:08:17 > 0:08:19But how does blood get from inside the bones to
0:08:19 > 0:08:21flowing around your body?
0:08:21 > 0:08:23Well, we're going to show you.
0:08:23 > 0:08:24Come and have a good look at this.
0:08:26 > 0:08:29Right there, between that bit of bone marrow
0:08:29 > 0:08:32and the hard bit of bone, is a blood vessel.
0:08:32 > 0:08:36So, that's coming right inside your bones to pick up all that
0:08:36 > 0:08:40nice, new blood being made by the marrow every single day.
0:08:40 > 0:08:42How cool is that?
0:08:42 > 0:08:45So, we've shown you that ,inside, your bones are amazing
0:08:45 > 0:08:49blood-making factories, and veins come right inside the bones
0:08:49 > 0:08:50to pick up that blood.
0:08:50 > 0:08:53And we've seen that blood is made up of different things,
0:08:53 > 0:08:56all of which have different jobs in your body.
0:08:56 > 0:08:59You know, Chris, I did have a sense that that chainsaw was a bit
0:08:59 > 0:09:01over the top.
0:09:01 > 0:09:02Did you, Xand?
0:09:02 > 0:09:04I could feel it in my bones.
0:09:08 > 0:09:11It's not just emergency teams in hospitals that
0:09:11 > 0:09:13- are ready to help you.- I know!
0:09:13 > 0:09:17There are medical crews all over the country on standby 24/7.
0:09:17 > 0:09:19SIREN BLARES
0:09:19 > 0:09:22We're on call with the UK emergency services, showing you
0:09:22 > 0:09:26what it's really like on the front line saving lives.
0:09:26 > 0:09:28On call with me is paramedic Jan Vann.
0:09:29 > 0:09:32SIREN BLARES
0:09:32 > 0:09:36This is a state-of-the-art rapid response vehicle.
0:09:36 > 0:09:39It can get to the scene of a medical emergency in minutes.
0:09:39 > 0:09:42And I'm heading out in it to show you what it's like to be
0:09:42 > 0:09:43a life-saving paramedic.
0:09:45 > 0:09:49Jan can take 10-15 emergency call outs in a day,
0:09:49 > 0:09:50and a new case is just in.
0:09:52 > 0:09:56We've had a 999 call to see a 32-year-old man who's got a rash
0:09:56 > 0:09:58and swelling in his mouth.
0:09:58 > 0:10:01Now, that sounds to me like an allergic reaction.
0:10:01 > 0:10:05So, I've got my camera in the front, Eric has got his camera,
0:10:05 > 0:10:09and we're going to be getting you as close to the action as possible.
0:10:09 > 0:10:13Only a couple of minutes later and we arrive at our destination.
0:10:13 > 0:10:16- Hello. Is it Alan? - Yeah, that's right.
0:10:16 > 0:10:18Take a seat. My name's Jan.
0:10:18 > 0:10:19What's the problem today?
0:10:19 > 0:10:23I had, like, a rash or something, you know, my tongue was swelling...
0:10:23 > 0:10:25- Let's have a look.- ..and my throat feels a bit...- Tight.
0:10:25 > 0:10:27Open your mouth wide as you can.
0:10:27 > 0:10:29- Say "Aah."- Aah.
0:10:29 > 0:10:32So your tongue feels big in your mouth, does it?
0:10:32 > 0:10:33- Yeah, here feels quite tight.- OK.
0:10:33 > 0:10:35I have a bit of shortness of breath, but...
0:10:35 > 0:10:39Alan is experiencing something called anaphylactic shock -
0:10:39 > 0:10:42an extreme allergic reaction.
0:10:42 > 0:10:43Tigger and Sasha look concerned.
0:10:43 > 0:10:46So, is there anything that you're aware of that you're allergic to?
0:10:46 > 0:10:49- No, not that I know of. - Nothing that you know of? OK.
0:10:49 > 0:10:52Although Alan's being pretty brave, he has a life-threatening condition.
0:10:52 > 0:10:55His lips and tongue can swell and that can cause problems
0:10:55 > 0:10:58with breathing and swallowing, so it's actually really important
0:10:58 > 0:10:59that Jan's here.
0:10:59 > 0:11:02What I'll do is I'm going to give you an injection into your arm
0:11:02 > 0:11:04- in a second...- OK. - ..with a drug called adrenaline.
0:11:04 > 0:11:06Now, you may have heard of "adrenaline".
0:11:06 > 0:11:08It's actually a hormone that your body makes.
0:11:08 > 0:11:12What it's doing, in Alan's case, is constricting the blood vessels
0:11:12 > 0:11:16in his tongue, in his lips, and it'll actually reduce that swelling.
0:11:16 > 0:11:19In cases like this, it can be life-saving.
0:11:19 > 0:11:22I'm sending Alan in the hospital today just so that I can make sure
0:11:22 > 0:11:24his tongue doesn't swell again.
0:11:24 > 0:11:26So the drugs I've given only work for a short time.
0:11:26 > 0:11:29How are you feeling, Alan? Do you feel like it's working?
0:11:29 > 0:11:33- Yeah, I do feel a little like the swelling's going down.- Yeah.
0:11:33 > 0:11:35An ambulance has arrived to take Alan into hospital.
0:11:35 > 0:11:37You be all right walking out, yeah?
0:11:37 > 0:11:38Yeah, fine, yeah.
0:11:40 > 0:11:42It's potentially a life-threatening problem that he had
0:11:42 > 0:11:44and Jan's really fixed him up.
0:11:44 > 0:11:47You could see how much the swelling in his lips had gone down,
0:11:47 > 0:11:49and that happens all the way down his throat
0:11:49 > 0:11:51and into his lungs, so that's really, really good news,
0:11:51 > 0:11:54and they'll be able to treat him really well in hospital.
0:11:59 > 0:12:01Still to come...
0:12:01 > 0:12:03We baffle your brains.
0:12:03 > 0:12:06Did you see anything strange happening in the video?
0:12:06 > 0:12:08Our mobile clinic is open for business.
0:12:08 > 0:12:09Next patient, please.
0:12:09 > 0:12:12And it's a life-changing day for Ben.
0:12:12 > 0:12:14Shall we get this show on the road?
0:12:15 > 0:12:19Back in accident and emergency, Tamsin's waiting for news
0:12:19 > 0:12:20about her injured leg.
0:12:21 > 0:12:23Let's find out how she's getting on.
0:12:26 > 0:12:30In Sheffield, nine-year-old Tamsin's back in hospital.
0:12:30 > 0:12:31How are you feeling?
0:12:31 > 0:12:35I've still got a pain, but I hope it's nothing bad.
0:12:35 > 0:12:38It all happened when Tamsin's knee was injured at
0:12:38 > 0:12:40her Thai boxing class.
0:12:40 > 0:12:43And then her shin in a hockey match.
0:12:43 > 0:12:46Tamsin's first X-ray showed she didn't have any broken bones,
0:12:46 > 0:12:49but she was in such pain that her leg was put in a cast
0:12:49 > 0:12:51to help ease her discomfort.
0:12:51 > 0:12:55Tamsin is back for more X-rays to be doubly sure there's no damage.
0:12:55 > 0:12:57That'll do very nicely.
0:12:57 > 0:13:01Here to assess how Tamsin's doing is Dr Naidu Maripuri.
0:13:02 > 0:13:04He starts by moving the agonising ankle.
0:13:04 > 0:13:06SHE WHIMPERS
0:13:06 > 0:13:09Clearly, she's still in a lot of pain.
0:13:09 > 0:13:12Dr Naidu then takes a look at Tamsin's X-ray results.
0:13:12 > 0:13:14I can't see any obvious fractures there.
0:13:14 > 0:13:17- Yay!- Sometimes what happens is that even if you don't see anything in
0:13:17 > 0:13:20the X-rays, there will be some soft tissue injury around the ankle.
0:13:20 > 0:13:21Right.
0:13:21 > 0:13:25Soft tissue injury is the damage of muscles, ligaments and tendons
0:13:25 > 0:13:26around the bone.
0:13:26 > 0:13:29They usually come from a sprain, strain or whack to the skin
0:13:29 > 0:13:32like Tamsin got higher up her leg.
0:13:32 > 0:13:36It can swell, bruise and be really painful.
0:13:36 > 0:13:38So, best way to deal with this...
0:13:38 > 0:13:41- Protect it with the plaster... - OK.- ..so that it helps healing
0:13:41 > 0:13:44and then we'll see her in two weeks' time.
0:13:44 > 0:13:46Don't worry, Mum. It'll be OK.
0:13:46 > 0:13:49This time it's a full cast.
0:13:49 > 0:13:52It's only for a couple of weeks. By then, her ankle should have healed.
0:13:52 > 0:13:55Anything else you want to say or sing, Tamsin?
0:13:55 > 0:13:58# I've got another pot I've got glitter
0:13:58 > 0:14:02# I've got like many, many, many, many colours. #
0:14:02 > 0:14:04APPLAUSE
0:14:04 > 0:14:05That'll do nicely.
0:14:05 > 0:14:07- XAND AND CHRIS:- Bye!
0:14:09 > 0:14:13Now, did you know that you share 98% of your DNA with a gorilla?
0:14:13 > 0:14:16So, we have a lot more in common than just appearance!
0:14:16 > 0:14:18Ooh, random!
0:14:18 > 0:14:19SIREN BLARES
0:14:21 > 0:14:23Now we're going to mess with your mind...
0:14:23 > 0:14:24You're him?
0:14:24 > 0:14:26..scramble your senses...
0:14:26 > 0:14:27I got confused.
0:14:27 > 0:14:29..and baffle your brain...
0:14:30 > 0:14:32..in Mindbenders!
0:14:32 > 0:14:36So, today's mind-bending trick is all about concentration,
0:14:36 > 0:14:37isn't it, Xand?
0:14:38 > 0:14:40Xand?
0:14:40 > 0:14:43- What are you doing? - I'm concentrating.
0:14:43 > 0:14:45Well, that's not how the trick works.
0:14:45 > 0:14:46Hey, you're not fooling me.
0:14:48 > 0:14:51These children at this school think they're here to play
0:14:51 > 0:14:54a simple game, but we've got a trick up our sleeve.
0:14:54 > 0:14:57So what we're going to show you is a video of a ball game and all you
0:14:57 > 0:15:03have to do is count the number of passes that the team in white make.
0:15:03 > 0:15:05Really good. Let's roll the video.
0:15:05 > 0:15:06Time to get counting.
0:15:29 > 0:15:33So, how many passes do you think the team in white made?
0:15:33 > 0:15:35OK, Joshua?
0:15:35 > 0:15:38- 21.- 21. Giles?- 21.
0:15:39 > 0:15:4021.
0:15:40 > 0:15:4122.
0:15:41 > 0:15:45The correct answer is 21, but did you spot anything weird?
0:15:45 > 0:15:47Did you see anything at all, other than the passing?
0:15:47 > 0:15:50- Just saw the passing. - Just saw the passing?
0:15:50 > 0:15:52What we didn't tell you, was before the match,
0:15:52 > 0:15:54Xand dressed up as a gorilla
0:15:54 > 0:15:58and made an amazing ape appearance during the game.
0:15:58 > 0:16:01Let's see if anyone spots it this time.
0:16:04 > 0:16:06No, no-one seems to have noticed.
0:16:06 > 0:16:10In fact, it took three attempts, and then finally...
0:16:10 > 0:16:12Erm, I saw...
0:16:12 > 0:16:13a gorilla.
0:16:13 > 0:16:16A gorilla? Who thinks Cecilia's crazy?
0:16:16 > 0:16:18There was no gorilla, was there?
0:16:18 > 0:16:21So, just watch it again, don't worry about the passes now,
0:16:21 > 0:16:23just see if you can see a gorilla.
0:16:24 > 0:16:27- There is...- Wait a minute.- There is the gorilla at the back, dancing.
0:16:27 > 0:16:30Oh, that gorilla?
0:16:30 > 0:16:33- Oh, that gorilla? - XAND LAUGHS
0:16:33 > 0:16:35And we fooled the other groups too.
0:16:35 > 0:16:38Oh, there is that gorilla.
0:16:38 > 0:16:41- Oh, that gorilla? - So, why didn't they spot it?
0:16:41 > 0:16:44It's because you're looking at them passing the ball,
0:16:44 > 0:16:48but you don't notice that the gorilla's walking past.
0:16:48 > 0:16:49Cecilia is right.
0:16:49 > 0:16:52You're so busy concentrating on the passes that you don't notice
0:16:52 > 0:16:53the gorilla in the room.
0:16:53 > 0:16:56This is called...
0:16:56 > 0:16:58The failure to notice something important
0:16:58 > 0:17:00because your attention is engaged elsewhere.
0:17:00 > 0:17:03So, always keep your eye out for the unexpected.
0:17:03 > 0:17:07Well, Xand, I mean you really got stuck into your part as a gorilla.
0:17:07 > 0:17:09Well, you know, Chris, whenever I'm asked to take on a part,
0:17:09 > 0:17:11I try and really get into it.
0:17:11 > 0:17:13- At one point, I was going to interview a gorilla...- Xand...
0:17:13 > 0:17:16- ..and ask them about their motivation.- Xand...
0:17:16 > 0:17:18You've left your gorilla feet on.
0:17:28 > 0:17:32Today, we're at a theme park to solve your medical mysteries.
0:17:32 > 0:17:35Chris is preparing the Ouch-mobile for his first patient
0:17:35 > 0:17:39and Xand is out in the park to answer your burning questions.
0:17:39 > 0:17:40That's amazing.
0:17:40 > 0:17:43At the clinic, Chris is open for business.
0:17:43 > 0:17:45First patient, please.
0:17:45 > 0:17:48First in is nine-year-old Alfie, with his multicoloured mop.
0:17:50 > 0:17:52So, Alfie, what brings you to the Ouch-mobile today?
0:17:52 > 0:17:56So, I have a birthmark in the back of my head which is light brown,
0:17:56 > 0:17:58when all the rest of my hair is dark brown.
0:17:58 > 0:18:00What's the diagnosis, Doc?
0:18:00 > 0:18:03Right, this sounds like a classic case of...
0:18:08 > 0:18:10Huh! Easy for you to say.
0:18:10 > 0:18:12- Shall we have a closer look?- Yeah.
0:18:12 > 0:18:14Can you open the eyelid for me?
0:18:14 > 0:18:15- So, there you are.- Yeah.
0:18:15 > 0:18:19Now, can you turn around and show me this blondish patch?
0:18:19 > 0:18:22And that just looks like you've got a little spray can
0:18:22 > 0:18:25of light brown paint and squirted it on the back of your head.
0:18:25 > 0:18:30- OK.- So, the cells that make those hairs aren't making hair pigment,
0:18:30 > 0:18:33- and it's a thing called poliosis. - OK.
0:18:33 > 0:18:38- So that bit of hair may keep getting lighter as you get older.- OK.
0:18:38 > 0:18:41Well, Alfie, thank you for bringing in your light brown
0:18:41 > 0:18:42patch of hair on the back of your head.
0:18:42 > 0:18:45- Well, thank you, Dr Chris. - It's a real pleasure.
0:18:47 > 0:18:51Away from the clinic, Xand is Ouch And About in the park.
0:18:51 > 0:18:53Why, just before we're about to vomit,
0:18:53 > 0:18:56does our mouth start to fill with sweat?
0:18:56 > 0:18:59So what's actually happening is that your mouth is kind of getting
0:18:59 > 0:19:02ready for you to be sick and trying to protect itself by putting
0:19:02 > 0:19:05a lot of saliva into your mouth at once.
0:19:05 > 0:19:07It's just your mouth trying to protect you,
0:19:07 > 0:19:10cos there's a bit of acid in your stomach, it doesn't taste very nice,
0:19:10 > 0:19:12and so you kind of get a watering mouth just before it happens.
0:19:12 > 0:19:15Back at the Ouch-mobile, there's a new case in the waiting room.
0:19:15 > 0:19:16Next patient, please.
0:19:16 > 0:19:20And it's nine-year-old Niella, whose eye needs examining.
0:19:21 > 0:19:25So, Niella, what brings you to the Ouch-mobile today?
0:19:25 > 0:19:28Well, I've got a spot on my eyeball.
0:19:28 > 0:19:29What's the diagnosis, Doc?
0:19:29 > 0:19:31Well, this sounds like a classic case of...
0:19:34 > 0:19:35Spot-on!
0:19:35 > 0:19:37So, we can see the spot on your eyeball.
0:19:37 > 0:19:38Why don't you open our eyelid?
0:19:40 > 0:19:42And there you are.
0:19:42 > 0:19:44Now, I want you to get in really close.
0:19:44 > 0:19:47And there we can see it, just there.
0:19:47 > 0:19:49It's very faint, isn't it?
0:19:49 > 0:19:51It's called...
0:19:53 > 0:19:55I want to know why it's there.
0:19:55 > 0:19:57It's a bit like having a freckle in your eye,
0:19:57 > 0:20:01and it's just where the cells are making a bit more pigment,
0:20:01 > 0:20:03a bit more of the colour that goes in your skin.
0:20:03 > 0:20:05Well, will it stay there for ever?
0:20:05 > 0:20:09Yeah, you will probably have that for the rest of your life.
0:20:09 > 0:20:10But, that's OK, isn't it?
0:20:10 > 0:20:12- I mean, I think it looks quite cool. - Yeah.
0:20:12 > 0:20:15Thank you, Niella, for bringing in your scleral melanocytosis
0:20:15 > 0:20:18- for me to see.- Thank you, Dr Chris.
0:20:18 > 0:20:19Job done for today.
0:20:24 > 0:20:28Your body is amazing, but sometimes it needs fixing.
0:20:28 > 0:20:31All over the UK, there are special teams of professionals
0:20:31 > 0:20:33trained to tackle medical mysteries.
0:20:33 > 0:20:36And some of their work is life-changing.
0:20:36 > 0:20:40Today, I am meeting ten-year-old Ben, who has epilepsy.
0:20:40 > 0:20:42Your brain is incredible.
0:20:42 > 0:20:45It tells your body what to do by sending electrical messages
0:20:45 > 0:20:48through your nerves to your muscles.
0:20:48 > 0:20:50Whether you're walking, blinking or picking your nose,
0:20:50 > 0:20:54it's these messages from the brain that control movement.
0:20:54 > 0:20:57But sometimes, too many uncontrolled messages come from the brain
0:20:57 > 0:21:01to the body, creating a storm of electrical activity
0:21:01 > 0:21:04and when this happens, it's called an epileptic seizure.
0:21:04 > 0:21:08Epilepsy is a condition that affects 60,000 children in the UK,
0:21:08 > 0:21:12so you might have it, or you might have a friend who does.
0:21:12 > 0:21:15Ben has been having seizures for nearly five months.
0:21:15 > 0:21:16Morning.
0:21:16 > 0:21:19As well as medicine, in a small number of cases, doctors can use
0:21:19 > 0:21:21surgery to treat epilepsy
0:21:21 > 0:21:24and that's why Ben has come to Bristol Children's Hospital.
0:21:24 > 0:21:28So you have these seizures. How often do you have them?
0:21:28 > 0:21:31Two times a day, sometimes.
0:21:31 > 0:21:34And what happens when you have a seizure, do you know?
0:21:34 > 0:21:35I don't know.
0:21:35 > 0:21:37Not sure? And why don't you know?
0:21:37 > 0:21:39Cos you're not conscious when you have them, are you?
0:21:39 > 0:21:41- You don't remember them at all?- No.
0:21:41 > 0:21:44- So, today's a really big day for you.- Yeah.- Why is it a big day?
0:21:44 > 0:21:46Cos I'm... Operation.
0:21:46 > 0:21:49- You're going to have an operation today?- Yeah.
0:21:49 > 0:21:53Ben's incredible surgery involves removing a small part of the brain
0:21:53 > 0:21:56which doctors believe is causing his seizures.
0:21:56 > 0:21:59Ben has had MRI scans and electrodes fitted to his head
0:21:59 > 0:22:01to pinpoint the exact area to remove.
0:22:03 > 0:22:06Dr Mike Carter is carrying out today's operation.
0:22:06 > 0:22:09We learned that there are electrical activities coming from
0:22:09 > 0:22:12one particular part of the brain and that area of the brain is
0:22:12 > 0:22:14the area that contains the abnormality we can see on the scan.
0:22:14 > 0:22:17So he's going to have an operation to remove this abnormality,
0:22:17 > 0:22:19and hopefully cure his seizures.
0:22:19 > 0:22:21It's time for Ben's operation.
0:22:21 > 0:22:24He's had a general anaesthetic to put him to sleep,
0:22:24 > 0:22:26so he won't feel a thing.
0:22:26 > 0:22:29So this black bit here, in this bit of Ben's brain, this is where those
0:22:29 > 0:22:34seizures are starting and this is what Mike's going to take out today.
0:22:34 > 0:22:36Firstly, Ben gets a snazzy haircut
0:22:36 > 0:22:40in the place where the incision will be made.
0:22:40 > 0:22:43Then, Dr Mike cuts through Ben's skin and muscle,
0:22:43 > 0:22:45to expose the skull.
0:22:45 > 0:22:46Look away now if you're squeamish.
0:22:46 > 0:22:48So this is the bone.
0:22:48 > 0:22:51I'm going to mark out where we're going to make some openings into it.
0:22:51 > 0:22:53What Mike's doing is opening a hatch -
0:22:53 > 0:22:57he calls it, actually, a trap door - in the side of Ben's skull,
0:22:57 > 0:23:00and underneath, we're going to get to the brain.
0:23:00 > 0:23:02There you go, there's a bit of bone that's come out. OK?
0:23:02 > 0:23:04So we'll keep that, put it back in later.
0:23:04 > 0:23:06Another gross alert coming up.
0:23:06 > 0:23:12This is the surface of Ben's brain and about two centimetres under here
0:23:12 > 0:23:14is that abnormality of the blood vessels
0:23:14 > 0:23:16that Mike is going to remove.
0:23:16 > 0:23:19To make sure Dr Mike gets to exactly the right part,
0:23:19 > 0:23:23he uses an amazing piece of technology called neuronavigation,
0:23:23 > 0:23:25which guides him to precisely where the lesion is.
0:23:25 > 0:23:28Dr Mike begins to cut into Ben's brain.
0:23:28 > 0:23:31We're beginning to see a difference in the colour
0:23:31 > 0:23:33of the tissue down here.
0:23:33 > 0:23:36I think that's the abnormality - that's certainly where
0:23:36 > 0:23:38the image guidance is telling us we need to be.
0:23:38 > 0:23:42So the red, angry-looking blob is the abnormality
0:23:42 > 0:23:45where we think the epilepsy's coming from.
0:23:45 > 0:23:48But, erm, there you go.
0:23:48 > 0:23:50- Do you want to have a look at it? - Wow.
0:23:50 > 0:23:54So this is the lesion that Mike thinks has been causing
0:23:54 > 0:23:57Ben's epilepsy and he's really hoping that, now that
0:23:57 > 0:24:00he's taken that out, the seizures will stop.
0:24:00 > 0:24:03And a few weeks later, Ben is recovering well.
0:24:03 > 0:24:05So, since the operation, how are you feeling now?
0:24:05 > 0:24:08- I'm fine.- Are you?- Yeah.
0:24:08 > 0:24:10My head doesn't hurt.
0:24:10 > 0:24:11What about the seizures?
0:24:11 > 0:24:14I don't have any since the operation.
0:24:14 > 0:24:16Really? Are your thoughts different?
0:24:16 > 0:24:21Yeah, cos I couldn't really say things properly,
0:24:21 > 0:24:24I couldn't think what the words were supposed to be.
0:24:26 > 0:24:27But now I can.
0:24:29 > 0:24:32So, as you can see, Ben's surgery has been a really big success.
0:24:32 > 0:24:35Not everyone needs surgery - some people can be managed
0:24:35 > 0:24:37with medication - but when it is appropriate,
0:24:37 > 0:24:41in the right circumstances, it can be absolutely life-changing.
0:24:41 > 0:24:43I think that's what we're seeing here.
0:24:43 > 0:24:45Right, I'm going to get stuck in. Where's that ball?
0:24:45 > 0:24:46Here we go.
0:24:49 > 0:24:53In A&E, our next patient has had an unusual accident.
0:24:53 > 0:24:55Luckily, she's in the right place.
0:24:55 > 0:24:57Phew!
0:24:59 > 0:25:01In Sheffield Children's Hospital,
0:25:01 > 0:25:0412-year-old Isabelle has arrived with her dad.
0:25:04 > 0:25:08Ooh, she looks a bit mucky. What's gone on there, then?
0:25:08 > 0:25:09I've hurt my hand.
0:25:09 > 0:25:11I don't know, I'm not sure if it's going to be broken or not.
0:25:11 > 0:25:14So, how did she manage this muddy mishap?
0:25:14 > 0:25:16It was a beautiful spring day
0:25:16 > 0:25:19and Isabelle was out with her horse, Harvey.
0:25:19 > 0:25:21Oh, that explains the muddy boots, then.
0:25:21 > 0:25:23Hey, Chris, where's her riding hat?
0:25:23 > 0:25:25She wasn't wearing one, Xand.
0:25:25 > 0:25:28- Oh. That's not a good idea. - I know, but off she went.
0:25:28 > 0:25:31There wasn't a cloud in the sky.
0:25:31 > 0:25:35Flowers were blooming, lambs were frolicking, birds were tweeting.
0:25:35 > 0:25:38- I can't see what the problem is here, Chris.- Just wait, Xand.
0:25:38 > 0:25:42- Because, all of a sudden, Harvey bolted.- As fast as Usain Bolt?
0:25:42 > 0:25:46Well, kind of. Isabelle tried to stop Harvey, but she couldn't.
0:25:46 > 0:25:50She was dragged along and Harvey trampled over her hand.
0:25:50 > 0:25:53Lucky she didn't bump her head, Chris. Ouch!
0:25:53 > 0:25:55He's quite feisty, yeah.
0:25:55 > 0:25:57Neigh kidding!
0:25:57 > 0:26:00It's time for Dr John Griffiths to check out Isabelle's hoof.
0:26:00 > 0:26:04I mean hand. What do you reckon, Doc?
0:26:04 > 0:26:06I'm just going to prod and poke and I want you to tell me
0:26:06 > 0:26:09if there's any soreness, all right?
0:26:09 > 0:26:12OK. It starts to hurt about there. Yeah.
0:26:12 > 0:26:14Dr John checks for any nerve damage.
0:26:14 > 0:26:17Does it feel the same on both sides?
0:26:17 > 0:26:20- It tickles more on that side. - It tickles more on that side?
0:26:20 > 0:26:22There is a chance that she does have a facture,
0:26:22 > 0:26:24but we're going to do an X-ray and find out.
0:26:24 > 0:26:27This is the stuff night-MARES are made from.
0:26:27 > 0:26:29Oh, Xand, enough of the horse jokes!
0:26:29 > 0:26:33It's off to the X-ray department to find out what the damage is.
0:26:33 > 0:26:36I'm going to start with your hand and then I'll do your wrist.
0:26:36 > 0:26:38OK.
0:26:38 > 0:26:40There are 27 bones in your hand.
0:26:40 > 0:26:42Eight of these are in your wrist.
0:26:42 > 0:26:46Any of these bones could have been broken by Harvey's hoof.
0:26:46 > 0:26:48But it is the left side of Isabelle's hand
0:26:48 > 0:26:50that Dr John is most concerned about.
0:26:50 > 0:26:54So, if we look at the bones, there's no real breaks in the bone,
0:26:54 > 0:26:57all the lines are nice and smooth,
0:26:57 > 0:27:00so I think you've probably dodged the bullet.
0:27:00 > 0:27:02Or a bolting horse, more like!
0:27:02 > 0:27:04Great news, Isabelle, everything looks A-OK.
0:27:05 > 0:27:08A simple splint to support Isabelle's wrist for a few days
0:27:08 > 0:27:10and she'll be on the mend.
0:27:10 > 0:27:12- Thank you.- All right, take care, see you later.
0:27:12 > 0:27:16Isabelle's got one last message for her MANE man.
0:27:16 > 0:27:17Harvey, I'm not impressed.
0:27:17 > 0:27:19- I'm not surprised! - HORSE NEIGHS
0:27:19 > 0:27:23You are a lovely little pony and I won't hate you for ever.
0:27:23 > 0:27:26Ah, let's saddle up and get out of here.
0:27:26 > 0:27:27- BOTH:- Bye!
0:27:30 > 0:27:33Next time on Operation Ouch -
0:27:33 > 0:27:36we demonstrate the power of the diaphragm.
0:27:36 > 0:27:38Xand, Xand, Xand!
0:27:38 > 0:27:40My diaphragm and I are doing something extraordinary
0:27:40 > 0:27:42and beautiful.
0:27:42 > 0:27:44We mess with your mind.
0:27:44 > 0:27:45Oh!
0:27:45 > 0:27:47And you'll get to meet our dad.
0:27:49 > 0:27:54So we'll see you next time for more Operation Ouch!
0:27:54 > 0:27:55XAND SNORES
0:27:56 > 0:27:59The femur is one of strongest bones in the body,
0:27:59 > 0:28:01- so we're going to need some very... - HE LAUGHS
0:28:01 > 0:28:04The femur is one of the strongest bones in the body...
0:28:04 > 0:28:08- And we've seen how blood... - THEY LAUGH
0:28:08 > 0:28:11- Come on!- What was it?- It's you standing there sniggering!