0:00:24 > 0:00:25I'm Dr Chris.
0:00:25 > 0:00:27And I'm Dr Xand.
0:00:27 > 0:00:29- We're identical twins.- Twins.
0:00:29 > 0:00:32'Do you know your body does loads of amazing things every day
0:00:32 > 0:00:34'without you even realising it?'
0:00:34 > 0:00:37It's time to saw open some bone.
0:00:37 > 0:00:39'Well, get ready to be wowed.'
0:00:39 > 0:00:41Smell my armpits!
0:00:41 > 0:00:43'We've got gobsmacking experiments...
0:00:43 > 0:00:45Wow!
0:00:45 > 0:00:47'..mind-bending body tricks...
0:00:47 > 0:00:49'and real medical mysteries.'
0:00:49 > 0:00:51I got hit with a wooden cricket bat.
0:00:51 > 0:00:54'So, are you ready to see what you're made of?'
0:00:55 > 0:00:57SIREN WAILS
0:00:57 > 0:00:59Coming up today on Operation Ouch!...
0:00:59 > 0:01:00That's my line!
0:01:02 > 0:01:04'Find out what makes Xand sing...'
0:01:04 > 0:01:06HE SINGS TUNELESSLY
0:01:06 > 0:01:07What is going on?
0:01:07 > 0:01:10'We mess with your mind...'
0:01:10 > 0:01:11You're...you're him!
0:01:12 > 0:01:14'..and I'm out on call.'
0:01:14 > 0:01:17So, this is potentially a really serious injury.
0:01:17 > 0:01:18But first...
0:01:18 > 0:01:21the doctors in the emergency department
0:01:21 > 0:01:22thought they'd seen everything.
0:01:22 > 0:01:24But, they weren't expecting this.
0:01:24 > 0:01:25No-one was expecting this.
0:01:27 > 0:01:32'In Liverpool, at Alder Hey Accident and Emergency, is 15-year-old Ollie.
0:01:32 > 0:01:36- 'Oh, he looks a bit sheepish. - Yeah, well, look what he's done.
0:01:36 > 0:01:38- 'Er, is that a staple?- Yep.'
0:01:38 > 0:01:41I can't move it. Like, straighten or anything.
0:01:41 > 0:01:45'Well, just wait till you hear how he did it.'
0:01:45 > 0:01:48Ollie was in his history lesson at school, doing some research.
0:01:48 > 0:01:52- Oh, great. Let's learn about Spartacus.- Nice outfit.
0:01:52 > 0:01:57I know you love the Romans, Xand, but no, it was 1920s America.
0:01:57 > 0:01:59Ooh, exciting. Is he dancing the Charleston?
0:01:59 > 0:02:02Er, actually, Ollie had got distracted at the time.
0:02:04 > 0:02:06Oh, so what was he doing?
0:02:06 > 0:02:08He was busy stapling sheets into his exercise book,
0:02:08 > 0:02:10when his stapler broke.
0:02:10 > 0:02:13OK. Chris, where's this story going?
0:02:13 > 0:02:16Well, while he was trying to fix his stapler,
0:02:16 > 0:02:19he pulled back the spring and stapled his own finger.
0:02:19 > 0:02:20Ouch!
0:02:20 > 0:02:23The teacher had a look and everyone burst out laughing.
0:02:23 > 0:02:25'That's just mean.
0:02:25 > 0:02:28'Well, here to have a serious look at that damaged digit
0:02:28 > 0:02:29'is Dr Bimal Mehta.'
0:02:29 > 0:02:33Hi, Oliver. I'm Bimal, I'm one of the A & E doctors.
0:02:33 > 0:02:34What's happened?
0:02:34 > 0:02:37- It's stapled.- Right, staple. How have you done that?
0:02:37 > 0:02:39Er, I was trying to fix it
0:02:39 > 0:02:41and I forgot my finger was under it, and so I pressed it.
0:02:41 > 0:02:44- It doesn't look like there's very much bleeding around it.- No.
0:02:44 > 0:02:46'Dr Bimal checks the sensation in Ollie's finger
0:02:46 > 0:02:49'to see if he's damaged any of his nerves.'
0:02:49 > 0:02:51Can you feel me touching you there?
0:02:51 > 0:02:55- Yeah, slightly.- Yeah, does it feel the same as it does on that side?
0:02:55 > 0:02:58- It feels a bit more like solid there, but...- OK.
0:02:58 > 0:03:00'So, what's the verdict on that staple, Doc?'
0:03:00 > 0:03:03We're just going to do some X-rays, see where it is in his finger
0:03:03 > 0:03:05and then decide what we're going to need to do with it.
0:03:05 > 0:03:07If it's gone into his bone,
0:03:07 > 0:03:10then that will need to come out maybe with an operation and a clean.
0:03:10 > 0:03:12But, if it's just missed his bone,
0:03:12 > 0:03:15then we should be able to pull it out in the department.
0:03:15 > 0:03:17'Ollie's starting to look a little bit nervous now,
0:03:17 > 0:03:19'but it's important that staple comes out,
0:03:19 > 0:03:21'otherwise it could cause an infection.'
0:03:22 > 0:03:26Like other parts of the body, bones can get infected.
0:03:26 > 0:03:29Bone infection occurs when bad bacteria spread to the bone
0:03:29 > 0:03:32from an open cut or wound on nearby skin,
0:03:32 > 0:03:35or from other parts of the body through the bloodstream.
0:03:35 > 0:03:38- 'Next, Ollie needs an X-ray.' - I can't straighten it.
0:03:38 > 0:03:40Doesn't matter. We won't ask you to straighten it.
0:03:40 > 0:03:42'Ooh, that is a bit bendy.'
0:03:42 > 0:03:44Brilliant, that's fine. All done.
0:03:44 > 0:03:46'Jill, the radiographer, is impressed.'
0:03:46 > 0:03:49That's good. That's a pretty good injury to be honest.
0:03:49 > 0:03:51'It certainly is.
0:03:51 > 0:03:53'Find out later if Ollie needs an operation
0:03:53 > 0:03:56'to patch up that painful pinkie.'
0:03:59 > 0:04:02'Ready to see some amazing experiments?'
0:04:02 > 0:04:04Yes! A triumph!
0:04:04 > 0:04:08'We're going to show you how your incredible body works.
0:04:08 > 0:04:11'Just don't try anything you see here at home.'
0:04:11 > 0:04:14Today, the hero of breathing - your diaphragm.
0:04:14 > 0:04:19# O mio babbino caro... #
0:04:21 > 0:04:22HE SINGS TUNELESSLY
0:04:22 > 0:04:25# O mio babbino caro... #
0:04:25 > 0:04:27- Xand.- What?! - What is going on?!
0:04:27 > 0:04:30Lucy, meet Dr Chris. Dr Chris, meet Lucy.
0:04:30 > 0:04:32Xand, I know who Lucy is. We've already met.
0:04:32 > 0:04:35- Have you?- Yes. Hi, Lucy. - Hi, Chris.
0:04:35 > 0:04:38I saw her on The Voice and it was me who asked her to come in.
0:04:38 > 0:04:39- Was it?- Yes.
0:04:39 > 0:04:41I thought Lucy could help us
0:04:41 > 0:04:44demonstrate the power of the diaphragm.
0:04:44 > 0:04:48- Ooh, right.- Now, Lucy, could you give us another long note, please?
0:04:48 > 0:04:50SHE HOLDS A HIGH NOTE
0:04:50 > 0:04:53Now, Lucy and other opera singers can hold a note this long
0:04:53 > 0:04:55because she's trained a special muscle,
0:04:55 > 0:04:58one which we all have, called the diaphragm.
0:04:58 > 0:04:59HER NOTE CONTINUES
0:04:59 > 0:05:02Now, your diaphragm sits here, at the bottom of your ribcage.
0:05:02 > 0:05:03- SHE STOPS - Thank you.
0:05:03 > 0:05:07Let's find out what the diaphragm looks like and how it works.
0:05:07 > 0:05:09Lucy.
0:05:09 > 0:05:12# We're going to sho-oo-ow... #
0:05:12 > 0:05:14SHE HOLDS THE NOTE
0:05:18 > 0:05:19# ..You. #
0:05:19 > 0:05:21SHE SINGS HIGHER
0:05:21 > 0:05:24# Shoo-oo-oow you. #
0:05:24 > 0:05:26Thanks, Lucy.
0:05:26 > 0:05:30Your diaphragm is the main muscle you use when you breathe,
0:05:30 > 0:05:31which is something we all do all the time.
0:05:31 > 0:05:34Now, to show you what a diaphragm looks like,
0:05:34 > 0:05:36we've got a real one...
0:05:37 > 0:05:39..from a pig.
0:05:40 > 0:05:42Now, this is the pig's voice box,
0:05:42 > 0:05:45this is the trachea, or the windpipe,
0:05:45 > 0:05:46these bits are the lungs,
0:05:46 > 0:05:51and then underneath the lungs, in a big muscular sheet,
0:05:51 > 0:05:53that is the diaphragm.
0:05:53 > 0:05:57You breathe in and out about 20 to 30,000 times a day.
0:05:57 > 0:06:00And, it's this - the diaphragm - that makes it all happen.
0:06:00 > 0:06:04So, after your heart, it's the most important muscle in your body
0:06:04 > 0:06:08because it allows you to breathe. Now, take a breath.
0:06:08 > 0:06:12Most people have no idea why the air moves into their lungs.
0:06:12 > 0:06:14Well, we're going to show you.
0:06:14 > 0:06:16- Take this away, Chris. - I've got a model.
0:06:19 > 0:06:22Now, the big bottle is your ribcage.
0:06:22 > 0:06:25And, these things inside represent your lungs.
0:06:25 > 0:06:28Xand, those aren't lungs, those are my party balloons!
0:06:28 > 0:06:32We're using them for a very important scientific demonstration.
0:06:32 > 0:06:34OK. Well, I suppose if it's in the service of science.
0:06:34 > 0:06:38Good. And, this, at the bottom, is your diaphragm.
0:06:38 > 0:06:42Now, we tend to think that breathing is all about the lungs,
0:06:42 > 0:06:45but the diaphragm is the unsung hero of breathing.
0:06:45 > 0:06:46It's what makes it all happen
0:06:46 > 0:06:49and that's why the diaphragm is such an important muscle.
0:06:49 > 0:06:52Now, when you breathe in, the diaphragm pulls downwards.
0:06:52 > 0:06:56This lowers the pressure inside this chest cavity.
0:06:56 > 0:07:01This creates extra space, a vacuum, and air has no option but to
0:07:01 > 0:07:05rush in through your mouth and into your lungs, to fill this space.
0:07:07 > 0:07:09And, then you breathe out again.
0:07:09 > 0:07:12Your lungs really are a bit like these balloons.
0:07:12 > 0:07:13They have no muscles at all.
0:07:13 > 0:07:14They're just like bags, really,
0:07:14 > 0:07:17and they don't do anything without the diaphragm.
0:07:17 > 0:07:21It's pretty amazing and to show you what your diaphragm looks like
0:07:21 > 0:07:24in action, inside your body, here's mine.
0:07:26 > 0:07:28These big, black areas are my lungs.
0:07:28 > 0:07:29Or party balloons.
0:07:31 > 0:07:33The pulsating bit in the middle is my heart.
0:07:33 > 0:07:36And down at the bottom, this is my diaphragm.
0:07:36 > 0:07:40Now, what you can see is my diaphragm, here, is contracted
0:07:40 > 0:07:42and now it's relaxing.
0:07:42 > 0:07:46And as it relaxes, it rises up and forces air out of my lungs.
0:07:46 > 0:07:49As you then breathe in, the diaphragm contracts again
0:07:49 > 0:07:53and, just like the pink balloons, the lungs fill with air.
0:07:53 > 0:07:54That is incredible.
0:07:55 > 0:07:57So, we've shown you that your diaphragm
0:07:57 > 0:07:59is the real hero of breathing.
0:07:59 > 0:08:01It's one of the most important muscles in the body,
0:08:01 > 0:08:05enabling you to take about 30,000 breaths a day.
0:08:05 > 0:08:07Chris, I really want to sing now. Can I?
0:08:07 > 0:08:09OK, Xand, since you love it so much.
0:08:09 > 0:08:11But, hold on just one second.
0:08:12 > 0:08:14OK, Xand.
0:08:14 > 0:08:17HE SINGS IN LUCY'S VOICE
0:08:18 > 0:08:21HIGH NOTE CONTINUES
0:08:29 > 0:08:31If you have a medical emergency,
0:08:31 > 0:08:34there are teams of paramedics on standby 24/7,
0:08:34 > 0:08:36- ready to...- Leap into action!
0:08:38 > 0:08:41We're on call with the UK emergency services,
0:08:41 > 0:08:45showing you what it's really like on the front-line, saving lives.
0:08:45 > 0:08:48On call with me is paramedic Jan Vann.
0:08:48 > 0:08:51She's got all the kit she needs when she turns up
0:08:51 > 0:08:54and is the first responder at the scene of an emergency.
0:08:54 > 0:08:56Right, Jan, let me give you a help with that kit.
0:08:56 > 0:08:58Come on, let's go.
0:08:58 > 0:09:00Er, Chris...
0:09:00 > 0:09:01'Honestly, Chris.'
0:09:07 > 0:09:09'A new case is just in.'
0:09:09 > 0:09:11So, we've just got a call to an eight-year-old boy who's
0:09:11 > 0:09:14fallen off a zip line in a playground
0:09:14 > 0:09:16and banged his head on a metal pole.
0:09:16 > 0:09:19So, this is potentially a really serious injury.
0:09:19 > 0:09:23So, we've got to get there quickly and make sure he's OK.
0:09:24 > 0:09:26'So we rush to the scene...'
0:09:26 > 0:09:29Did you guys call the ambulance?
0:09:29 > 0:09:31'..and Jan's quickly attending to the patient.'
0:09:31 > 0:09:34- Any pain when I'm touching your neck, darling?- No.- No?
0:09:34 > 0:09:35'As it's a head injury,
0:09:35 > 0:09:38'Jan needs to check for spinal injuries and any other trauma.'
0:09:38 > 0:09:41Can you move your legs for me? Wiggle 'em?
0:09:41 > 0:09:44Lift 'em up. That's it. And the other one. Fantastic.
0:09:45 > 0:09:48'He seems fine. Now for the wound itself.'
0:09:48 > 0:09:50Right, just have a look.
0:09:50 > 0:09:52'He's got quite a nasty gash around his eye.'
0:09:52 > 0:09:54You'll have a little scar.
0:09:54 > 0:09:57All the girls will think you're a superhero.
0:09:57 > 0:10:00- So do you remember hitting your head?- Yeah.
0:10:00 > 0:10:01That's a really good sign.
0:10:01 > 0:10:05'Everything seems fine at the moment apart from that cut.
0:10:05 > 0:10:08'Dad carries him over to the ambulance.'
0:10:08 > 0:10:10Joshua's going to be going to hospital with the ambulance crew
0:10:10 > 0:10:13and potentially having some stitches in the top of his head.
0:10:13 > 0:10:15- So, Josh, how are you feeling now?- OK.
0:10:15 > 0:10:18- Do you feel like you're in good hands here in the ambulance?- Yeah.
0:10:18 > 0:10:22Josh is one tough little boy. He banged his head really hard,
0:10:22 > 0:10:24but you know what the really good thing here is?
0:10:24 > 0:10:27That he remembers hitting his head. He didn't go unconscious
0:10:27 > 0:10:30'so his head injury is less likely to be serious.'
0:10:30 > 0:10:33Next time, he'll be a bit more careful on the zip line.
0:10:36 > 0:10:37Still to come...
0:10:37 > 0:10:39'we sozzle your senses...'
0:10:39 > 0:10:41LAUGHTER
0:10:41 > 0:10:43'..the Ouch Mobile is open...'
0:10:43 > 0:10:45Next patient, please.
0:10:45 > 0:10:47'..and I turn detective.'
0:10:47 > 0:10:51I've got everything I need to solve this mystery, once and for all.
0:10:53 > 0:10:56Earlier, we met Ollie and his stapled finger.
0:10:56 > 0:10:59Let's see if his condition is still staple.
0:10:59 > 0:11:00No, no wait -
0:11:00 > 0:11:05let's see if the doctors have managed to STAPILISE his condition.
0:11:05 > 0:11:07Let's see if he's managing to hold it all...
0:11:07 > 0:11:08Xand. That's enough.
0:11:10 > 0:11:12'Back in Liverpool,
0:11:12 > 0:11:15'Ollie is in hospital after accidentally stapling his finger.'
0:11:15 > 0:11:19I can't move it. Like, straighten it or anything.
0:11:19 > 0:11:22'Ollie was in his history lesson at school.
0:11:22 > 0:11:24'He was busy stapling sheets into his exercise book
0:11:24 > 0:11:26'when his stapler broke.
0:11:26 > 0:11:28'While he was trying to fix it,
0:11:28 > 0:11:31'he pulled back the spring and stapled his own finger.
0:11:31 > 0:11:35'Earlier, Ollie had some X-rays of his painful pointer.
0:11:35 > 0:11:38'There's the staple. Has it gone into the bone?
0:11:38 > 0:11:40'Over to Dr Bimal to find out.'
0:11:40 > 0:11:43That's your finger. But we've got another view, so it...
0:11:43 > 0:11:46- Has it just missed?- Yeah.
0:11:46 > 0:11:48So, it's not sticking in your bone.
0:11:48 > 0:11:50'Great news.'
0:11:50 > 0:11:53- So I think we will just, er...grab it and pull it out.- OK.
0:11:53 > 0:11:55- All right. You happy with that?- Yeah.
0:11:55 > 0:11:59'So, Ollie must be pleased there's no need for an operation,
0:11:59 > 0:12:01'but that staple still needs to come out.
0:12:01 > 0:12:04'And he's looking a little bit nervous.'
0:12:04 > 0:12:06Wonder if they'll, like, pluck it out really quickly.
0:12:06 > 0:12:09I think that will hurt when it gets pulled out.
0:12:09 > 0:12:11'Dr Bimal is back.
0:12:11 > 0:12:14'Right, Ollie, are we ready to get that staple out?
0:12:14 > 0:12:16'Three, two, one...
0:12:18 > 0:12:21'Oh. Well, that was very easy. What a pro, Doc.'
0:12:21 > 0:12:22I could have done that!
0:12:22 > 0:12:26Do you want to keep the staple as a memento?
0:12:26 > 0:12:27No, you're all right.
0:12:27 > 0:12:29Nothing.
0:12:29 > 0:12:31'You can't even see where the staple was.'
0:12:31 > 0:12:33That was so anti-climactic.
0:12:33 > 0:12:35'It was a bit, Ollie.'
0:12:35 > 0:12:37So, we just pulled the staple out,
0:12:37 > 0:12:39and there wasn't any signs of any big injury,
0:12:39 > 0:12:41so Ollie can go home now,
0:12:41 > 0:12:43and we wouldn't expect any other problems with it.
0:12:43 > 0:12:45'And, er, have you learnt any lessons, Ollie?'
0:12:45 > 0:12:50Yeah. If you see a broken stapler, don't try and fix it...
0:12:50 > 0:12:52cos it doesn't end well.
0:12:52 > 0:12:55'Good advice. Bye!
0:12:58 > 0:13:00'Now we're going to mess with your mind...'
0:13:00 > 0:13:02- It's weird. - 'Scramble your senses...
0:13:03 > 0:13:05'..and baffle your brain...
0:13:06 > 0:13:07'..in Mindbenders.'
0:13:08 > 0:13:11Today's mind-bending trick is all about distraction.
0:13:11 > 0:13:14If you're sufficiently distracted, you might not notice
0:13:14 > 0:13:18something that's going on right in front of your eyes.
0:13:18 > 0:13:20That's not how it works, Xand.
0:13:20 > 0:13:21Who said that?
0:13:23 > 0:13:26'Today, the children at this school think they're here
0:13:26 > 0:13:28'to learn about bones.
0:13:28 > 0:13:31'But we've got a trick up our sleeve. See if you can spot it.'
0:13:31 > 0:13:35I want you to count all the bones that you can see in this picture.
0:13:35 > 0:13:36Go.
0:13:37 > 0:13:40'And the first team get right on it,
0:13:40 > 0:13:43'before we've even had time to arrange the scenery.'
0:13:44 > 0:13:46And stop.
0:13:46 > 0:13:47OK, how'd you do?
0:13:47 > 0:13:50- I went to 49. - You got 49. Mohammed?
0:13:50 > 0:13:51- 52.- 52.
0:13:51 > 0:13:54- 64.- 47.- 47.
0:13:54 > 0:13:56- 48.- 48.
0:13:56 > 0:13:58'Well, they were all pretty close,
0:13:58 > 0:14:01'but, did anyone notice something strange?
0:14:01 > 0:14:03'Let's have another look.
0:14:03 > 0:14:06'Right there, Xand was replaced by a fake Xand,
0:14:06 > 0:14:07'and nobody noticed.
0:14:07 > 0:14:08'How far can we push this?
0:14:10 > 0:14:12'We give the group another task...'
0:14:12 > 0:14:15Starting now. Count all the bones in that picture.
0:14:15 > 0:14:20'..and at the same time, swap fake Xand with Mr Hoskins, their teacher.
0:14:20 > 0:14:23'Somebody they should definitely recognise.'
0:14:27 > 0:14:29OK, look at me. Answers.
0:14:29 > 0:14:3033.
0:14:30 > 0:14:33'But, amazingly, STILL nobody notices.'
0:14:33 > 0:14:37I now want you to count the backbones. Go.
0:14:37 > 0:14:41'Now we get extreme. I'm going to swap places with Chris.
0:14:41 > 0:14:43'There's that scenery coming through again
0:14:43 > 0:14:46'and right there, Xand and I swap over.'
0:14:48 > 0:14:49And time's up.
0:14:49 > 0:14:53OK. Now, when you were counting, did you notice anything else?
0:14:53 > 0:14:54Maybe not on the board.
0:14:55 > 0:14:57SHE GASPS
0:14:57 > 0:15:00'Ugh, finally they've spotted it.'
0:15:00 > 0:15:01Oh!
0:15:01 > 0:15:03Mr Hoskins.
0:15:03 > 0:15:05'And all our groups fell for it.'
0:15:05 > 0:15:07LAUGHTER
0:15:09 > 0:15:10You guys...
0:15:11 > 0:15:13You're... You're him!
0:15:16 > 0:15:18I didn't notice anyone.
0:15:18 > 0:15:20- You didn't notice at all?- No.
0:15:20 > 0:15:23- Have you ever seen this man before?- No.
0:15:23 > 0:15:27Really? Cos he was standing right in front of you a few minutes ago.
0:15:27 > 0:15:28What?
0:15:28 > 0:15:30Dr Chris.
0:15:30 > 0:15:31That worked pretty well.
0:15:31 > 0:15:33I was so confused.
0:15:33 > 0:15:35Why do you think it worked?
0:15:35 > 0:15:37How were we able to fool you so easily?
0:15:37 > 0:15:39Well, we were so focused,
0:15:39 > 0:15:41like, we weren't aware of what's happening around us.
0:15:41 > 0:15:43Iman's exactly right.
0:15:43 > 0:15:46When your brain's concentrating on one thing, really hard,
0:15:46 > 0:15:49it tunes out everything else that's going on around you,
0:15:49 > 0:15:52even so that you'll miss something quite important
0:15:52 > 0:15:54that's happening right in front of your eyes.
0:15:54 > 0:15:56Stop that!
0:15:56 > 0:15:58Now, did you know you have the most hairs on your head
0:15:58 > 0:16:00when you're about 16?
0:16:00 > 0:16:03This gets less as you get older, but don't worry, you've got plenty,
0:16:03 > 0:16:06with around 100,000 of them on your bonce.
0:16:12 > 0:16:15We're at a theme park to solve your medical mysteries.
0:16:15 > 0:16:19Xand is preparing the Ouch Mobile, ready for his first patient.
0:16:19 > 0:16:21And Chris is Ouch and About in the park
0:16:21 > 0:16:23to answer your burning questions.
0:16:23 > 0:16:25Wow, I'm impressed.
0:16:25 > 0:16:28At the clinic, Xand is open for business.
0:16:28 > 0:16:30Can I have the next patient, please?
0:16:30 > 0:16:34First in is eight-year-old Liam, whose scalp needs some studying.
0:16:34 > 0:16:37So, Liam, what's brought you to the Ouch Mobile?
0:16:37 > 0:16:40I have a double crown and I wanted to know a little bit about it.
0:16:40 > 0:16:42What's the diagnosis, Doc?
0:16:42 > 0:16:43Sounds to me like a case of,
0:16:43 > 0:16:46"I've got a double crown and I want to know a little bit about it"-itis.
0:16:46 > 0:16:47That's right.
0:16:47 > 0:16:49Tell me about these double crowns. Where are they?
0:16:49 > 0:16:50Here on my head.
0:16:50 > 0:16:53On the top of your head. Well, I want to get a closer look.
0:16:53 > 0:16:56Can you lift the eyelid for the Ouch Cam?
0:16:56 > 0:16:57That's great.
0:16:59 > 0:17:01So, everyone has one crown at least.
0:17:01 > 0:17:03That's the bit at the back of your head
0:17:03 > 0:17:05where the hair kind of whirls in a circle.
0:17:05 > 0:17:08But in Liam's case, he's got two.
0:17:08 > 0:17:11- And that is very unusual. - What is a crown?
0:17:11 > 0:17:16A crown is nature's way of covering your head with hair,
0:17:16 > 0:17:17very effectively.
0:17:17 > 0:17:20Your hair's also got to change direction, so hair's got to go
0:17:20 > 0:17:23down at the back, down at the front, down at the sides.
0:17:23 > 0:17:26And the only efficient way of doing that is to swirl it
0:17:26 > 0:17:28round in a circle.
0:17:28 > 0:17:30All having a double crown means is that you're a bit special
0:17:30 > 0:17:32and a bit unusual.
0:17:32 > 0:17:35Very few people have them, I've never seen one before.
0:17:35 > 0:17:38So, thanks very much for bringing your amazing head
0:17:38 > 0:17:39into the Ouch Mobile.
0:17:39 > 0:17:42And thank you, Dr Xand.
0:17:43 > 0:17:46Away from the clinic, Chris is Ouch and About in the park.
0:17:48 > 0:17:51How can we be twins, but be so different?
0:17:51 > 0:17:53So, how are you guys different?
0:17:53 > 0:17:55She's got Down's syndrome and I don't.
0:17:55 > 0:17:59And, you don't, OK. Xand and I come from one egg.
0:17:59 > 0:18:02Whereas you each come from a different egg in your mum.
0:18:02 > 0:18:04And Down's syndrome happens
0:18:04 > 0:18:07when the egg that made Charlotte had one extra chromosome in it.
0:18:07 > 0:18:10So, in every egg, the chromosomes are the genes,
0:18:10 > 0:18:13and Charlotte's got one more chromosome than you.
0:18:13 > 0:18:14So you look a little bit different,
0:18:14 > 0:18:16I guess you feel a bit different, you may act
0:18:16 > 0:18:18a bit different, you may think a bit different.
0:18:18 > 0:18:21So, what things do you like to do that you're good at?
0:18:21 > 0:18:22- Dancing.- Dancing.
0:18:22 > 0:18:25Dancing? And so, like all twins, you've probably got lots of things
0:18:25 > 0:18:28- that you like that are the same. - Yeah.
0:18:28 > 0:18:31- And so, the one difference is you've got an extra chromosome.- Yeah.
0:18:31 > 0:18:34'Back at the Ouch Mobile, there's a new case in the waiting room.'
0:18:34 > 0:18:36Next patient, please.
0:18:36 > 0:18:39'And it's ten-year-old Jasar, who wants Xand to check out his cheek.'
0:18:39 > 0:18:42So, Jasar, why have you come to the Ouch Mobile?
0:18:42 > 0:18:45Well, I have a scar running from my eye to my mouth.
0:18:45 > 0:18:47'So what's the diagnosis, Doc?'
0:18:47 > 0:18:48Sounds like a case of,
0:18:48 > 0:18:51"I've got a scar running from my eye to my mouth"-itis.
0:18:51 > 0:18:52'Sounds right to me.'
0:18:52 > 0:18:54Now, how did it happen?
0:18:54 > 0:18:57Well, I grabbed something from my brother
0:18:57 > 0:19:00and he jumped and scratched me in my face.
0:19:00 > 0:19:03- Jasar, can we get a closer look at this scar of yours?- Yeah.
0:19:03 > 0:19:05Can you open the eyelid for the Ouch Cam?
0:19:06 > 0:19:08I'm going to zoom in here.
0:19:08 > 0:19:10And that's it there.
0:19:10 > 0:19:12Now, have you got any questions about your scar?
0:19:12 > 0:19:15If I grow older, will my scar get bigger?
0:19:15 > 0:19:16You're already ten years old.
0:19:16 > 0:19:21So, your head is about 95% as big as it's ever going to be.
0:19:21 > 0:19:22So, if you look at our heads,
0:19:22 > 0:19:24our heads are actually quite similar size.
0:19:24 > 0:19:26Right? They're roughly the same size.
0:19:26 > 0:19:31That means that the skin on your face isn't going to change size.
0:19:31 > 0:19:34So, that scar is going to stay roughly the same size.
0:19:34 > 0:19:37- What did it look like when you first got it?- Like this.
0:19:37 > 0:19:40Oh, wow. Scars just take a long time to heal.
0:19:40 > 0:19:42So, that'll keep healing over time.
0:19:42 > 0:19:45And in a few years, I bet you won't even be able to notice it.
0:19:45 > 0:19:47Jasar, thanks very much for bringing in your amazing scar.
0:19:47 > 0:19:50Well, thank you very much, Dr Xand.
0:19:50 > 0:19:53'Job done for today. Clinic closed.'
0:19:56 > 0:19:58Two words.
0:19:58 > 0:20:00'There's nothing like quality family time.'
0:20:00 > 0:20:02You're being a doctor doing surgery.
0:20:02 > 0:20:05'Chris and I love hanging out with our dad.'
0:20:05 > 0:20:06You've hurt yourself.
0:20:06 > 0:20:10'Playing games, having a laugh, enjoying each other's company.'
0:20:10 > 0:20:12Surgery yell?
0:20:12 > 0:20:14It's Operation Ouch!
0:20:14 > 0:20:16You two are terrible at charades.
0:20:16 > 0:20:18I'm going to get some strawberry milk.
0:20:20 > 0:20:24'Mm-mm. I'm so looking forward to this.'
0:20:27 > 0:20:29What has happened to my strawberry milk?!
0:20:31 > 0:20:34One of you two has drunk my strawberry milk.
0:20:34 > 0:20:35Well, it definitely wasn't me.
0:20:35 > 0:20:37I never liked the stuff, it must be him.
0:20:37 > 0:20:42It looks like this is a case for an Investigation Ouch!
0:20:44 > 0:20:45If I'm not mistaken,
0:20:45 > 0:20:48there should still be some saliva around the rim of this bottle.
0:20:48 > 0:20:50And saliva contains DNA,
0:20:50 > 0:20:54the special genetic code that's unique to absolutely everybody.
0:20:54 > 0:20:59So, all we need to do is compare the DNA in the saliva here
0:20:59 > 0:21:02with each of us to find out who stole the milk.
0:21:02 > 0:21:06'Step one in solving the mystery of my strawberry milk
0:21:06 > 0:21:11'is to collect a sample of saliva from Dad, Chris and me.'
0:21:13 > 0:21:15Now, with this and the strawberry milk bottle,
0:21:15 > 0:21:20I've got everything I need to solve this mystery, once and for all.
0:21:20 > 0:21:22Your body is made of billions of cells,
0:21:22 > 0:21:24each with a different job to do.
0:21:24 > 0:21:26But how do they know what their job is?
0:21:26 > 0:21:28Well, that's where DNA comes in.
0:21:28 > 0:21:30You - eye colour.
0:21:30 > 0:21:31You - gender.
0:21:31 > 0:21:33You - hair colour.
0:21:33 > 0:21:37DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid.
0:21:37 > 0:21:41It's a molecule which contains the instructions for all living things,
0:21:41 > 0:21:43including everything from whether you're a male or a female,
0:21:43 > 0:21:45to the colour of your skin.
0:21:46 > 0:21:49This is a DNA testing lab.
0:21:49 > 0:21:51The perfect place for me to get our DNA tested.
0:21:53 > 0:21:56And this is Emma. She's a DNA specialist.
0:21:56 > 0:21:59This is the DNA of a strawberry.
0:21:59 > 0:22:03- Wow, so that's real, visible DNA. - It is, yes.
0:22:03 > 0:22:06That's incredible. So, how similar is that to my DNA?
0:22:06 > 0:22:07It's very similar.
0:22:07 > 0:22:10All living things share some of the same functionalities.
0:22:10 > 0:22:12Even with something like a banana.
0:22:12 > 0:22:15We share about 50% of our DNA with the banana.
0:22:15 > 0:22:19Hmm. Dr Chris is probably more like 60%.
0:22:19 > 0:22:20'Oi!
0:22:20 > 0:22:23'Emma is collecting the DNA
0:22:23 > 0:22:25'from saliva on the strawberry milk bottle.
0:22:25 > 0:22:29'She'll now analyse it along with our saliva and get the results.'
0:22:29 > 0:22:33I'm going to catch Chris or Dad. Then they're going to be sorry.
0:22:33 > 0:22:36The DNA data on the top is from the bottle
0:22:36 > 0:22:38and is that of our thief.
0:22:38 > 0:22:40The DNA data on the bottom is from our samples.
0:22:40 > 0:22:44Whoever matches exactly is the culprit.
0:22:44 > 0:22:47First suspect in the dock...is Dad.
0:22:47 > 0:22:50He's got something in common with the crime scene.
0:22:50 > 0:22:52But it's not a direct match.
0:22:52 > 0:22:54So, Dad's off the hook.
0:22:55 > 0:22:59Now for suspect number two. Dr Chris.
0:22:59 > 0:23:01So, here, we can see that
0:23:01 > 0:23:05every region we're looking at is a direct match.
0:23:05 > 0:23:09Chris' DNA and the thief's DNA are exactly the same.
0:23:09 > 0:23:12I knew it! He's going down for this.
0:23:12 > 0:23:14I'm going to go and get him right now.
0:23:14 > 0:23:15- Dr Xand... - He is gonna... What?
0:23:15 > 0:23:18- There's something you probably want to see here.- Which is?
0:23:18 > 0:23:20This is your profile.
0:23:20 > 0:23:23And it's also a direct match for the crime scene.
0:23:23 > 0:23:25What?
0:23:25 > 0:23:28'Oh, dear. How's that possible? It definitely wasn't me.'
0:23:28 > 0:23:31Yourself and Dr Chris are identical twins.
0:23:31 > 0:23:34- We've got the same DNA. - That's right.
0:23:34 > 0:23:36Because identical twins have exactly the same DNA,
0:23:36 > 0:23:39the test can't tell the difference between innocent me
0:23:39 > 0:23:41and that criminal, Chris.
0:23:41 > 0:23:45I still don't have the evidence I need to put Dr Chris behind bars.
0:23:45 > 0:23:49I'm going back to the scene of the crime, to reinvestigate.
0:23:50 > 0:23:54Bad news, everybody. I'm afraid the lab results only rule out Dad.
0:23:54 > 0:23:56Chris, it's either you or me.
0:23:56 > 0:23:59But because we have the same DNA, we can't be sure which.
0:23:59 > 0:24:01I guess it's just one of those things
0:24:01 > 0:24:03that we'll never, ever, ever know.
0:24:03 > 0:24:05Ever.
0:24:05 > 0:24:09Xand, I think you're forgetting one thing. Fridge cam.
0:24:09 > 0:24:10Ooh, fridge cam!
0:24:10 > 0:24:14Yeah. And fridge cam has the answer to the mystery.
0:24:14 > 0:24:15Go on, then.
0:24:18 > 0:24:21'Is that me?
0:24:21 > 0:24:24'Well, this proves nothing.'
0:24:27 > 0:24:29'This doesn't look good.'
0:24:34 > 0:24:38Well, case closed, I think, Xand.
0:24:38 > 0:24:40Charades, anyone?
0:24:42 > 0:24:44'Ouch!'
0:24:44 > 0:24:47Our next patient's day has taken an unexpected turn.
0:24:47 > 0:24:49Ooh, I do like an unexpected turn.
0:24:53 > 0:24:55And they've ended up in A & E.
0:24:56 > 0:24:59In accident and emergency, five-year-old Iushi
0:24:59 > 0:25:01has come in with a cut eyebrow.
0:25:01 > 0:25:03Oh, no, what happened?
0:25:03 > 0:25:05Picture the scene, Xand.
0:25:05 > 0:25:10A football stadium full of cheering fans, the crowd going nuts.
0:25:10 > 0:25:13Wow. Did I just spot a cashew?
0:25:13 > 0:25:16Xand, world-class football was being played on the pitch
0:25:16 > 0:25:19and running up and down the touchline was Iushi.
0:25:19 > 0:25:22- Ooh, is she a linesman? - No, Xand.
0:25:22 > 0:25:24Ooh, is she warming up to replace Harry Kane?
0:25:24 > 0:25:25No, Xand.
0:25:25 > 0:25:28She was chasing her friend Mohammed along the touchline
0:25:28 > 0:25:32- when someone kicked the ball and it hit her on the head.- Ouch!
0:25:32 > 0:25:34'The question is, did she catch Mohammed?'
0:25:34 > 0:25:37No. He was fast.
0:25:37 > 0:25:39'Oh, well, you can't win 'em all.'
0:25:39 > 0:25:44Here to have a nose at Iushi's noggin is Dr Edward Snelson.
0:25:44 > 0:25:46Good morning. Have a seat.
0:25:46 > 0:25:49'But Iushi's having far too much fun for that!
0:25:49 > 0:25:51'The fact Iushi is playing is a good sign.
0:25:51 > 0:25:54'But the doctor needs to do further checks.'
0:25:54 > 0:25:56So, can I have a look at the bump on your head?
0:25:56 > 0:25:59Can you close your eyes very tight for me?
0:25:59 > 0:26:01And then open them really wide.
0:26:01 > 0:26:03'Don't go to sleep, Iushi!'
0:26:03 > 0:26:05Open your eyes. That's very good.
0:26:05 > 0:26:08Now, can you have a little look at my finger over there?
0:26:08 > 0:26:11And look at it up there. All the way over here.
0:26:11 > 0:26:13All the way there and down there.
0:26:13 > 0:26:15She seems completely well.
0:26:15 > 0:26:19I'm not concerned about her from a head injury point of view.
0:26:19 > 0:26:24Now, the cut is only the top part of the skin,
0:26:24 > 0:26:26it doesn't go all the way down.
0:26:26 > 0:26:27So, because of that,
0:26:27 > 0:26:31it's almost certainly not going to need stitches.
0:26:31 > 0:26:34Your skin is made up of layers of skin cells,
0:26:34 > 0:26:36fat, tissue
0:26:36 > 0:26:37and blood cells.
0:26:37 > 0:26:40The deeper the cut, the more layers get damaged.
0:26:40 > 0:26:43Minor cuts only affect the top layer.
0:26:43 > 0:26:46That's what's happened to Iushi's eyebrow.
0:26:46 > 0:26:48The skin needs to come back together,
0:26:48 > 0:26:51so that it doesn't produce a nasty scar.
0:26:51 > 0:26:54'So, Iushi's cut is treated by Nurse Becky.
0:26:54 > 0:26:57'But it's not her wound that Iushi is worried about.'
0:26:57 > 0:26:59Isn't there a sticker?
0:26:59 > 0:27:01'Who doesn't want a sticker? I do.'
0:27:01 > 0:27:05'A few steri-strips later and Iushi is all patched up.'
0:27:05 > 0:27:08There we go, perfect. All stuck together.
0:27:08 > 0:27:12- What do you say now?- Thank you. - No problem.
0:27:12 > 0:27:15And we've forgotten something. The sticker!
0:27:15 > 0:27:17I haven't forgotten your sticker. There we go.
0:27:17 > 0:27:20'All stickered up and raring to go, Iushi's off.'
0:27:22 > 0:27:23- 'Bye!- Bye!'
0:27:26 > 0:27:28'Next time on Operation Ouch!...'
0:27:28 > 0:27:31'What's the deal with diarrhoea?'
0:27:31 > 0:27:32Welcome to my poo factory.
0:27:32 > 0:27:34Wow!
0:27:34 > 0:27:36'We bend your brains.'
0:27:36 > 0:27:37Walk sideways and look at the concrete.
0:27:37 > 0:27:40I thought it was a bit weird, but I did it anyway.
0:27:40 > 0:27:43'And I go for a spin with the ice stars.'
0:27:47 > 0:27:49So, we'll see you next time for more...
0:27:49 > 0:27:51Operation Ouch!
0:27:52 > 0:27:53..Operation Ouch!
0:27:55 > 0:27:58So, Jan's job starts well before
0:27:58 > 0:28:00we even get to the accident,
0:28:00 > 0:28:01by driving through heavy traffic
0:28:01 > 0:28:03at high speed in rush hour.
0:28:03 > 0:28:04Take a look at this.
0:28:04 > 0:28:07Take a look at this empty road.
0:28:07 > 0:28:09You all right, Jan, you OK driving?
0:28:09 > 0:28:10I think I'm coping.
0:28:10 > 0:28:12'Operation Ouch!'