0:00:24 > 0:00:27- I'm Dr Chris.- And I'm Dr Xand.
0:00:27 > 0:00:28- We're identical twins.- Twins!
0:00:28 > 0:00:32Do you know, your body does loads of amazing things every day
0:00:32 > 0:00:36without you even realising it? Now, come and have a look at this.
0:00:36 > 0:00:38And we're going to show you how.
0:00:38 > 0:00:40Smell my armpits!
0:00:40 > 0:00:43- We've got gobsmacking experiments... - Wow!
0:00:43 > 0:00:45..mind-bending body tricks...
0:00:47 > 0:00:48..and real medical mysteries.
0:00:48 > 0:00:51I got hit with a wooden cricket bat.
0:00:51 > 0:00:53So, are you ready to see what you're made of?
0:00:56 > 0:00:59- Coming up today on - BOTH: Operation Ouch!...
0:00:59 > 0:01:02So, that's where you are! Have you been in there all along?
0:01:05 > 0:01:07We show you the Ouch poo factory.
0:01:07 > 0:01:10We have made the perfect poo.
0:01:10 > 0:01:14What's going on in today's Mindbenders?
0:01:14 > 0:01:15It's us!
0:01:15 > 0:01:17And Xand deals with dizziness.
0:01:17 > 0:01:20HE LAUGHS
0:01:20 > 0:01:22But, first...
0:01:22 > 0:01:25..we're giving you exclusive access to an
0:01:25 > 0:01:27accident and emergency department.
0:01:27 > 0:01:29Let's meet our first patient.
0:01:31 > 0:01:33In Sheffield Accident and Emergency,
0:01:33 > 0:01:36seven-year-old Logan's all bandaged up.
0:01:36 > 0:01:38What happened, Logan?
0:01:38 > 0:01:41- I broke my arm. - Oh. How did you do that?
0:01:41 > 0:01:43Playing football.
0:01:43 > 0:01:46Playing football? Let's see exactly what happened.
0:01:47 > 0:01:51Logan was at football camp learning new skills.
0:01:51 > 0:01:54He can dribble, head the ball and score goals,
0:01:54 > 0:01:55just like Lionel Messi.
0:01:57 > 0:02:01Then it was penalties and Logan's turn in goal.
0:02:01 > 0:02:03He save it. Brilliant!
0:02:03 > 0:02:06- Up steps the second player. - Logan saves again.
0:02:06 > 0:02:09- But why's he holding his arm, Chris?- Let's look at that again.
0:02:09 > 0:02:12The ball came rocketing in. Logan saved bravely,
0:02:12 > 0:02:17- but look at his wrist. - It's bent right back.- Ouch!
0:02:17 > 0:02:21Here to save the day is top doctor, Reddy Ilavala.
0:02:21 > 0:02:23Hi, Logan. Are you all right?
0:02:23 > 0:02:26First, he needs to check Logan's injury.
0:02:27 > 0:02:29- Ow.- Ooh, bit sore there.
0:02:29 > 0:02:32It's very important that there's a good blood supply to the
0:02:32 > 0:02:34tips of Logan's fingers.
0:02:34 > 0:02:37OK, just touch your thumb. Is that OK? Can you feel it?
0:02:37 > 0:02:40If he's got any numbness or pins and needles,
0:02:40 > 0:02:43then we need to manipulate, like, straightaway -
0:02:43 > 0:02:45in the emergency department.
0:02:45 > 0:02:48Once he's happy that Logan's hand has a good blood supply
0:02:48 > 0:02:50and is not numb, Dr Ilavala
0:02:50 > 0:02:53sends him off for some X-ray pictures that will
0:02:53 > 0:02:55reveal the damage.
0:02:55 > 0:02:58First one, then two x-rays.
0:02:58 > 0:03:00Another satisfied customer.
0:03:01 > 0:03:05With the x-rays all done, what's Dr Ilavala's verdict?
0:03:05 > 0:03:09It's broken in two places and it's also gone backwards as well.
0:03:09 > 0:03:12Ooh, double ouch!
0:03:12 > 0:03:14Time to, uh, break the news...
0:03:14 > 0:03:15Xand!
0:03:15 > 0:03:19It definitely needs to be, you know, manipulated into place
0:03:19 > 0:03:23and they might have to put some wires and things like that as well.
0:03:23 > 0:03:27So, Logan has to have an operation to fix his broken arm.
0:03:27 > 0:03:31But, first, it's put in a temporary splints to keep him comfy.
0:03:31 > 0:03:35All done. Logan's moved to another ward, where he'll spend the night.
0:03:35 > 0:03:37Find out later how he gets on.
0:03:41 > 0:03:46- Ready to see some amazing experiments?- Yes! A triumph!
0:03:46 > 0:03:49It can get a bit gross, but we're going to show you
0:03:49 > 0:03:51how your incredible body works.
0:03:51 > 0:03:54Just don't try anything you see here at home.
0:03:54 > 0:03:56Today, we're looking at diarrhoea.
0:04:04 > 0:04:07Chris, you haven't seen my diarrhoea sample anywhere, have you?
0:04:07 > 0:04:09I can't find it anywhere.
0:04:09 > 0:04:11Oh, here it is.
0:04:11 > 0:04:14Now, let's get on with today's experiment, shall we?
0:04:14 > 0:04:16Have you got your sample?
0:04:16 > 0:04:18Well, that isn't very runny!
0:04:18 > 0:04:20I thought we agreed on diarrhoea.
0:04:20 > 0:04:23Look, I just thought it might be better to compare a normal
0:04:23 > 0:04:25solid poo with a runny one.
0:04:25 > 0:04:27Now, everyone gets diarrhoea from time to time
0:04:27 > 0:04:31and one of the most common reasons is if you get a tummy bug
0:04:31 > 0:04:33and the result is that your body ejects
0:04:33 > 0:04:36the contents of your digestive system as quickly as possible.
0:04:36 > 0:04:39Now, as you can see, Chris's plain, solid poo
0:04:39 > 0:04:42looks completely different to mine.
0:04:42 > 0:04:46But that isn't the only difference. One of these poos weighs more.
0:04:47 > 0:04:50So, which of them do you think weighs more?
0:04:50 > 0:04:53Chris's solid poo or Xand's runny poo?
0:04:56 > 0:04:59As you can see, my diarrhoea poo is a lot heavier
0:04:59 > 0:05:01than Chris's normal poo, but why?
0:05:01 > 0:05:05Why is diarrhoea heavier and runnier than normal poo?
0:05:05 > 0:05:06Well, we're going to show you.
0:05:11 > 0:05:14Oh, Xand, welcome to my poo factory.
0:05:14 > 0:05:16Wow!
0:05:16 > 0:05:19Wait a minute, are these my ballet tights?!
0:05:19 > 0:05:22Yes, I'm just using them as part of the poo factory,
0:05:22 > 0:05:25and they are proving to be very, very effective fake intestines,
0:05:25 > 0:05:28but don't worry, don't worry, you can have them back later.
0:05:28 > 0:05:31First up, let's make a solid poo.
0:05:31 > 0:05:34Get the masher.
0:05:34 > 0:05:36And mash.
0:05:37 > 0:05:41This bowl is like the inside of your mouth, chewing up the food.
0:05:41 > 0:05:44To help mash it up, your body adds saliva,
0:05:44 > 0:05:47enzymes, and it's all washed down with a drink.
0:05:47 > 0:05:49OK, Xand, I think that's enough.
0:05:49 > 0:05:52It's time to move it from the mouth to the intestines.
0:05:52 > 0:05:53This is like you swallowing.
0:05:54 > 0:05:58Nice work. Once the mashed up food his your intestines,
0:05:58 > 0:06:00the muscular walls of your gut push
0:06:00 > 0:06:02the food along and squeeze out all the goodness.
0:06:02 > 0:06:05So, you can see this rich liquid full of all the nutrients
0:06:05 > 0:06:09and the water is coming out of the guts and going into the body,
0:06:09 > 0:06:11which is these metal trays.
0:06:11 > 0:06:14And what's left is the indigestible stuff that's going to
0:06:14 > 0:06:17become your poo. Well, Xand, I think it's time to poo.
0:06:19 > 0:06:20There you go.
0:06:20 > 0:06:24Much, much more solid than it was at the beginning.
0:06:24 > 0:06:28Nice, dry, well-formed poo.
0:06:28 > 0:06:30We have made the perfect poo.
0:06:30 > 0:06:33And look how much water is in the tray.
0:06:33 > 0:06:37Our fake intestines managed to get almost all the water out of our poo.
0:06:37 > 0:06:41This water, full of nutrients, gets reabsorbed back into the body
0:06:41 > 0:06:43and delivered to where it's needed.
0:06:43 > 0:06:46So, if that's what happens to make a normal poo, what happens
0:06:46 > 0:06:48when you make diarrhoea?
0:06:48 > 0:06:51Well, it all starts in the same way.
0:06:51 > 0:06:55Right, Xand, put the food in the mouth and start chewing.
0:06:55 > 0:06:59Just as before, we add the same food and mixture but, this time,
0:06:59 > 0:07:03our poor intestines are dealing with a tummy bug. Time to swallow.
0:07:03 > 0:07:06So, now, something different happens.
0:07:06 > 0:07:09The tummy bug makes your guts draw in extra water
0:07:09 > 0:07:12from your body, pushing everything through your system superfast.
0:07:12 > 0:07:15What I've got here is a high-pressure hose
0:07:15 > 0:07:17and I'm going to use this to demonstrate what happens
0:07:17 > 0:07:22when your guts draw in water from your body. Chris, are you ready?
0:07:22 > 0:07:24I am ready.
0:07:24 > 0:07:27Three, two, one. Go!
0:07:29 > 0:07:31Here it comes.
0:07:31 > 0:07:34Oohh, that's good, Xand, that's good.
0:07:34 > 0:07:37Oh...look at that.
0:07:37 > 0:07:39That is amazing, Xand.
0:07:39 > 0:07:41Ooh, that's enough.
0:07:41 > 0:07:43Xander's turned my perfect poo factory
0:07:43 > 0:07:47into the world's first diarrhoea machine.
0:07:47 > 0:07:49So, we've shown you that diarrhoea is heavier
0:07:49 > 0:07:53and runnier than normal poo because your intestines don't get the chance
0:07:53 > 0:07:56to do their job and all the water that should have been absorbed,
0:07:56 > 0:07:59like the normal poo, ends up in the toilet.
0:07:59 > 0:08:02And you can see that in our trays. There's almost no water
0:08:02 > 0:08:04in our trays at all with the diarrhoea.
0:08:04 > 0:08:07And that's why it's also a good idea to drink plenty of water,
0:08:07 > 0:08:10or rehydration drinks, when you have diarrhoea.
0:08:10 > 0:08:14Because they replace the nutrients and water your body has lost.
0:08:14 > 0:08:16Speaking of drinks, all this experimentation
0:08:16 > 0:08:18is making me thirsty.
0:08:20 > 0:08:22Chris, I'm not sure you want to be drinking that.
0:08:22 > 0:08:24- That's my backup diarrhoea sample. - Eurgh!
0:08:30 > 0:08:32We're on call with the UK Emergency Services,
0:08:32 > 0:08:36showing you what it's really like on the front line saving lives.
0:08:36 > 0:08:40On call with me is paramedic Jan Vann.
0:08:43 > 0:08:45This is a rapid response vehicle,
0:08:45 > 0:08:47and it's on standby 24/7 to
0:08:47 > 0:08:50respond to whatever emergency call's coming in.
0:08:50 > 0:08:53Today I'm going along for the ride - and guess what?
0:08:53 > 0:08:55You're coming with me.
0:08:55 > 0:08:59Jan can take ten to 15 emergency callouts in a day.
0:08:59 > 0:09:02And a new case is just in.
0:09:02 > 0:09:04We've been called to a 78-year-old man.
0:09:04 > 0:09:06Apparently his jumper has caught fire.
0:09:06 > 0:09:08Now, I don't know if he's put the fire out but it sounds as if
0:09:08 > 0:09:11he's got badly burned so we need to get there quickly.
0:09:11 > 0:09:15I've got my camera. Eric's in the back with his camera.
0:09:15 > 0:09:17So you're going to see whatever we see.
0:09:17 > 0:09:18Within minutes,
0:09:18 > 0:09:21we arrive at the scene and Jan is checking on the patient.
0:09:21 > 0:09:24How's your breathing feel? Is it just painful to breathe?
0:09:24 > 0:09:27- Not really, no.- No? OK. Is it just pain that's the problem?
0:09:27 > 0:09:31- It's burning round this area, both sides.- OK.
0:09:31 > 0:09:33John was in the kitchen, cooking,
0:09:33 > 0:09:35and a flame set the back of his jumper alight.
0:09:35 > 0:09:39Luckily for John, his wife, Cynthia, and daughter, Laura, who's a nurse,
0:09:39 > 0:09:43were on hand to extinguish the flames with a damp tea towel.
0:09:43 > 0:09:46That's what's left of John's shirt, so it's been quite a bad fire.
0:09:46 > 0:09:49So, John has burned quite a large area on his back.
0:09:49 > 0:09:52His family have done a really good job of getting it cool
0:09:52 > 0:09:55and keeping it clean with some clingfilm.
0:09:55 > 0:09:58Jan gets a cold dressing on John to keep the burn cool.
0:09:58 > 0:10:01- I think it's making me shiver more. - Yeah, it will do.
0:10:01 > 0:10:04But, at the same time, he needs to be kept warm.
0:10:04 > 0:10:05He's very brave.
0:10:05 > 0:10:07Jan decides to give John a painkiller.
0:10:07 > 0:10:11The ambulance has just arrived. We are going to get you in.
0:10:12 > 0:10:15All right, chap. A couple of bumps.
0:10:15 > 0:10:18There is a lot of amazing people here.
0:10:18 > 0:10:20Jan, of course, does an incredible job.
0:10:20 > 0:10:23But also, Cynthia and Laura, John's wife and daughter,
0:10:23 > 0:10:24really looked after him well
0:10:24 > 0:10:27and the ambulance crew are getting him to hospital.
0:10:27 > 0:10:29It's a whole team effort
0:10:29 > 0:10:31and it's going to get him a really good result.
0:10:31 > 0:10:33Still to come...
0:10:33 > 0:10:35We go undercover.
0:10:35 > 0:10:37Just walk sideways, like I am. Just like that.
0:10:37 > 0:10:39Xand gets his skates on...
0:10:39 > 0:10:42Now, my problem is that I'm already dizzy!
0:10:42 > 0:10:44And our Ouch-mobile clinic is open for business.
0:10:44 > 0:10:46Next patient, please!
0:10:48 > 0:10:50Back in accident and emergency,
0:10:50 > 0:10:52Logan is ready for surgery on his arm.
0:10:52 > 0:10:54Well, let's see him get fixed!
0:10:54 > 0:10:55All right.
0:10:56 > 0:10:59In accident and emergency, seven-year-old Logan
0:10:59 > 0:11:04is on his way to surgery after breaking his arm playing football.
0:11:04 > 0:11:07Logan was at football camp learning new skills.
0:11:07 > 0:11:10He was in goal and he saved the first penalty.
0:11:10 > 0:11:12And the second.
0:11:12 > 0:11:14But the ball bent back his arm and broke it.
0:11:16 > 0:11:21Here to sort it all out, surgeons...
0:11:21 > 0:11:23Logan has been put under general anaesthetic
0:11:23 > 0:11:26so he won't feel any pain during the operation.
0:11:26 > 0:11:30First, Logan's arm gets a good clean before the surgeon starts
0:11:30 > 0:11:32fixing the broken bones.
0:11:32 > 0:11:35Mr Varghese then manipulates the bones and moves them
0:11:35 > 0:11:37back into their correct position.
0:11:37 > 0:11:40We have to bend it a bit more to make it a bit straighter.
0:11:40 > 0:11:43Almost there. A few more tweaks and, bingo!
0:11:43 > 0:11:46The bones in Logan's arm are nice and straight.
0:11:46 > 0:11:50Now Mr Varghese needs to make sure the bones don't wobble about.
0:11:50 > 0:11:53He inserts two strong wires into Logan's bones which will be
0:11:53 > 0:11:55removed once it has healed.
0:11:56 > 0:11:59It may look painful, but Logan is under anaesthetic
0:11:59 > 0:12:00and he can't feel a thing.
0:12:00 > 0:12:03After a final check on the X-ray plus a new cast,
0:12:03 > 0:12:05Logan is good to go.
0:12:05 > 0:12:08A few hours later and he is up and about.
0:12:08 > 0:12:11And looking pretty cool in his new sling.
0:12:12 > 0:12:14DR XAND AND DR CHRIS: Bye!
0:12:18 > 0:12:22- 'Now, we're going to mess with your minds...'- It's weird.
0:12:22 > 0:12:25..scramble your senses and baffle your brain,
0:12:25 > 0:12:27in...
0:12:30 > 0:12:34This is Anywheresville, UK and two ordinary workmen are going about
0:12:34 > 0:12:37their business fixing the pavement.
0:12:40 > 0:12:42It's us.
0:12:42 > 0:12:46Today, we're testing the theory that people will do pretty much anything
0:12:46 > 0:12:48that someone in authority tells them to do.
0:12:48 > 0:12:51And it works even better if you're wearing a uniform.
0:12:51 > 0:12:53So we're dressed like this.
0:12:53 > 0:12:55We've got a fake building site and loads of hidden cameras.
0:12:55 > 0:12:58So I've got a hidden camera in my glasses...
0:12:58 > 0:13:00I've got a hidden camera in my clip,
0:13:00 > 0:13:03and that lady over there has got a hidden camera in that black bag.
0:13:03 > 0:13:06- Right, Xand let's get back to work.- OK.
0:13:06 > 0:13:10Will people really do as they're told, no matter how silly?
0:13:11 > 0:13:14If you guys are going to come through, can you turn sideways?
0:13:14 > 0:13:15Yeah. Like this.
0:13:15 > 0:13:19And then when you walk through, just go like that.
0:13:19 > 0:13:20Just like that. OK?
0:13:20 > 0:13:22Just walk sideways, like I am.
0:13:22 > 0:13:25Just like that. Just sideways like that, cos of the wet cement.
0:13:25 > 0:13:27- Just go sideways.- OK.
0:13:27 > 0:13:29Thank you very much. Yeah, yeah, exactly.
0:13:29 > 0:13:32Thank you. Just go sideways, like that. Thank you. Perfect.
0:13:32 > 0:13:36Once you're through that's great. Sideways. And look at the concrete.
0:13:36 > 0:13:37You're doing such a good job.
0:13:37 > 0:13:40Great, now walk backwards.
0:13:40 > 0:13:43That is ideal. Sir, if you are coming through, just go sideways.
0:13:43 > 0:13:45Just go sideways, like that.
0:13:45 > 0:13:46Thanks very much.
0:13:46 > 0:13:47There, you're good now.
0:13:47 > 0:13:51So what reason did people have for doing exactly what we told them?
0:13:51 > 0:13:54They looked like they were builders,
0:13:54 > 0:13:57so we trusted them and did what they said.
0:13:57 > 0:14:00If someone was dressed normally, I wouldn't listen to them
0:14:00 > 0:14:03but if you're dressed like you're in authority, I listen.
0:14:03 > 0:14:05I walked sideways, like they asked and I thought,
0:14:05 > 0:14:07I look a bit silly doing that!
0:14:07 > 0:14:09Yeah, I just done it because...
0:14:09 > 0:14:11- To be nice, I suppose!- Yeah.
0:14:11 > 0:14:14We obviously thought, because it was a man in uniform,
0:14:14 > 0:14:16we thought we was obliged to follow his orders.
0:14:16 > 0:14:19- I thought it was a bit weird, but I did it anyway!- Yeah!
0:14:19 > 0:14:22When people are asked to do something by a stranger,
0:14:22 > 0:14:25even if they don't want to do it, they'll often do it,
0:14:25 > 0:14:29either out of fear of getting into trouble or to please the stranger.
0:14:29 > 0:14:32- Right, Chris, shall we get packed up and go?- Yeah, let's go.
0:14:32 > 0:14:34Hold on, Xand. As you go past the concrete,
0:14:34 > 0:14:37I want you to turn backwards and then hop on one leg.
0:14:37 > 0:14:38If you say so.
0:15:01 > 0:15:04We are at a theme park to solve your medical mysteries.
0:15:04 > 0:15:08Chris is preparing the Ouch-mobile for his first patient.
0:15:08 > 0:15:11And Xand is out in the park to answer your burning questions.
0:15:11 > 0:15:12That's amazing!
0:15:12 > 0:15:15- Next patient, please. - Hello, Dr Chris.
0:15:15 > 0:15:19First in is 12-year-old Arthur who wants his scalp seen.
0:15:19 > 0:15:21Arthur, what's brought you to the Ouch-mobile today?
0:15:21 > 0:15:28I have some dry, flaky patches of skin on my scalp and over my body.
0:15:28 > 0:15:29What's the diagnosis, Doc?
0:15:29 > 0:15:32So this sounds like a classic case of...
0:15:37 > 0:15:39Couldn't have put it better myself.
0:15:39 > 0:15:42OK, Arthur. Do you want to open up the eyelid?
0:15:42 > 0:15:44Now, lean forward.
0:15:44 > 0:15:46So you have got this flaky skin there and then
0:15:46 > 0:15:49some of the flakes of skin are actually in your hair.
0:15:49 > 0:15:53So Arthur has got this really common condition called psoriasis.
0:15:53 > 0:15:56Psoriasis is where your body makes too many skin cells
0:15:56 > 0:15:59at particular points, which is why they start flaking off.
0:15:59 > 0:16:02How does psoriasis come about?
0:16:02 > 0:16:03So it is a little bit genetic,
0:16:03 > 0:16:06- so you get it a bit from your mum and dad...- Yes.
0:16:06 > 0:16:10..but it's partly with to do with your body having an increased
0:16:10 > 0:16:13amount of inflammation at those sites.
0:16:13 > 0:16:15So you get too many skin cells, which is
0:16:15 > 0:16:18- why you have to brush them off and moisturise.- OK.
0:16:18 > 0:16:19Arthur, thanks very much
0:16:19 > 0:16:22for bringing in your psoriasis to see me.
0:16:23 > 0:16:28I'm out and about. Let's see if anyone has got any questions for me.
0:16:28 > 0:16:30Why is a verruca so infectious?
0:16:30 > 0:16:34- Verrucas are designed to be infectious.- That's right, Xand.
0:16:34 > 0:16:36Viruses want to spread and take over the world.
0:16:36 > 0:16:40They get on your feet and then they kill the cells in your feet
0:16:40 > 0:16:42and get them to spread bits of virus over the floor
0:16:42 > 0:16:44and other people get them on their feet.
0:16:44 > 0:16:47They ride around in swimming pools, changing room floors,
0:16:47 > 0:16:49things like that.
0:16:49 > 0:16:51So if you've got a verruca, cover your foot
0:16:51 > 0:16:53when you go to the swimming pool.
0:16:53 > 0:16:57And if you haven't got a verruca, make sure you keep your feet clean.
0:16:57 > 0:16:59Chris is back at the Ouch-mobile.
0:16:59 > 0:17:00Next patient, please.
0:17:00 > 0:17:03Next into the clinic is nine-year-old Jessica.
0:17:05 > 0:17:08So, Jessica, what brings you to the Ouch-mobile today?
0:17:08 > 0:17:13Well, my joints are very floppy and I've got pseudoachondroplasia.
0:17:13 > 0:17:15What the diagnosis, Doc?
0:17:15 > 0:17:17This sounds like a classic case of...
0:17:21 > 0:17:22'Easy for you to say!'
0:17:22 > 0:17:26So let's have a look. Do you want to open the eye?
0:17:26 > 0:17:27I'll give you a hand.
0:17:27 > 0:17:32So can you show us on the Ouch-cam, your floppy joints?
0:17:32 > 0:17:35Oh, wow! OK, yeah, so they are very floppy, aren't they?
0:17:35 > 0:17:40- I can bend my hand back to my wrist.- Right back! Wow!
0:17:40 > 0:17:43So you said you've got this thing called pseudoachondroplasia.
0:17:43 > 0:17:47- Yes.- So can you show us what are the other things that go with that?
0:17:47 > 0:17:50I'm shorter than all my friends.
0:17:50 > 0:17:55If I stand next to you, that will be very obvious, won't it?
0:17:55 > 0:17:57Because you're about half my height.
0:17:57 > 0:18:00- And most nine-year-olds would be taller, wouldn't they?- Yeah.
0:18:00 > 0:18:04OK, so pseudoachondroplasia is a medical condition
0:18:04 > 0:18:06that makes you short.
0:18:06 > 0:18:08Because your bones don't grow properly.
0:18:08 > 0:18:10And that's because there is a problem with
0:18:10 > 0:18:13one of the genes for this protein called collagen.
0:18:13 > 0:18:15Collagen is in your joints and it makes your ears,
0:18:15 > 0:18:18it makes all the soft, gristly bits of your body.
0:18:18 > 0:18:23- What makes my joints bend back really far?- I think it's because,
0:18:23 > 0:18:25the way the collagen is produced actually kills
0:18:25 > 0:18:28some of the bone cells while they would normally be growing.
0:18:28 > 0:18:31So all of that makes your joints more flexible.
0:18:31 > 0:18:35- Is there anything cool about having pseudoachondroplasia?- Well,
0:18:35 > 0:18:38when I was younger, me and my friends like to play hide and seek,
0:18:38 > 0:18:43so I could always hide in smaller places.
0:18:43 > 0:18:47So you can win hide and seek because you can get into the smallest place?
0:18:47 > 0:18:49- Yes.- OK, so Jessica, thank you very much for coming in
0:18:49 > 0:18:53- with your pseudoachondroplasia. - Thank you very much, Dr Chris.
0:18:53 > 0:18:54That was a real pleasure.
0:18:54 > 0:18:56Job done for today.
0:19:03 > 0:19:06- Xand, what on Earth are you doing? - Oh, Chris.
0:19:06 > 0:19:10I'm about to meet two ice skaters from CBBC's Ice Stars.
0:19:10 > 0:19:13- And I'm trying to figure out how they do their amazing spins.- Whoa!
0:19:13 > 0:19:16- You're not going to wear that, are you?- Of course I am!
0:19:16 > 0:19:19It was very expensive. Don't you like it?
0:19:19 > 0:19:21No, I do, I like it very much.
0:19:21 > 0:19:23I just think you don't want to embarrass the skaters
0:19:23 > 0:19:28because they might not have any clothing that's quite so... so...
0:19:28 > 0:19:33- Sparkly.- Sparkly, exactly. Yes.- That would be bad, to embarrass them.
0:19:33 > 0:19:34I'll go and change.
0:19:35 > 0:19:38Well, that saved him from embarrassing both of us.
0:19:38 > 0:19:41Time for "Investigation Ouch!".
0:19:43 > 0:19:45Meet Kloe and Alexia.
0:19:45 > 0:19:48They star in CBBC's Ice Stars.
0:19:49 > 0:19:52They can spin on the ice at incredible speeds without
0:19:52 > 0:19:55getting dizzy and falling over.
0:19:55 > 0:19:57Do you want to have a go at spinning, Xand?
0:19:57 > 0:19:59I thought you'd never ask!
0:20:01 > 0:20:05- Hang on, I'm going to come to the side of you.- Bend.- OK, so bend.
0:20:05 > 0:20:09- And then...- Yeah?- Kind of rotate yourself and then pull in.
0:20:12 > 0:20:16- Now, my problem is that I'm already dizzy!- Really?
0:20:16 > 0:20:20And then you've got to skate off and keep going... I couldn't...
0:20:20 > 0:20:22Maybe a little more practice will help me out.
0:20:22 > 0:20:24Yes, yes, I've got him!
0:20:27 > 0:20:29I'd better leave this to the professionals.
0:20:29 > 0:20:31So, when you're doing your spins,
0:20:31 > 0:20:33how many times do you think you go around?
0:20:33 > 0:20:36- Maybe about 25?- ..Ish, yeah. Maybe more.
0:20:36 > 0:20:38- 25 complete turns around. - Yeah.
0:20:38 > 0:20:41And at the end of that, do you feel dizzy at all?
0:20:41 > 0:20:45We don't really have time to be dizzy, I don't think so.
0:20:45 > 0:20:47Now, I know you thought I was brilliant,
0:20:47 > 0:20:50but I can't compete with Alexia and Kloe on the ice.
0:20:50 > 0:20:54So I've got a little experiment to see how we all deal with dizziness
0:20:54 > 0:20:55on the safety of dry land.
0:20:58 > 0:21:00- Right, you ready?- Ready.
0:21:00 > 0:21:02We are each going to do a spin followed by
0:21:02 > 0:21:05walking to the table and pouring a glass of water.
0:21:05 > 0:21:08Let's see how I fare against these two.
0:21:08 > 0:21:12HE CHUCKLES
0:21:12 > 0:21:17OK, hang on. Hang on. Hang on, hang on. OK.
0:21:17 > 0:21:19That wasn't very successful!
0:21:19 > 0:21:21OK, and are you ready? OK, go.
0:21:21 > 0:21:23Let's see how the ice skaters do.
0:21:25 > 0:21:26Oh, wow!
0:21:31 > 0:21:34Oh, wow. What, nothing?
0:21:34 > 0:21:37That's why I couldn't do the spins on the ice, isn't it?
0:21:37 > 0:21:38That's probably the only reason.
0:21:38 > 0:21:42When you spin around, the fluid in your inner ear spins, too.
0:21:42 > 0:21:45When you stop spinning, the fluid keeps moving, but your eyes
0:21:45 > 0:21:49tell you that you are still, and that makes you feel dizzy.
0:21:49 > 0:21:53The skaters are brilliant at dealing with the effects of spinning.
0:21:53 > 0:21:55But how do they do it?
0:21:55 > 0:21:57I've come to meet Dr Barry Seemungal,
0:21:57 > 0:22:00one of the country's top experts in dizziness.
0:22:00 > 0:22:04Now, all of us know what dizziness feels like, but for some people,
0:22:04 > 0:22:07it can actually be quite a serious problem, can't it?
0:22:07 > 0:22:10If it happens out of the blue, when you're not expecting it,
0:22:10 > 0:22:13this can be due to problems in the inner ear or the brain.
0:22:13 > 0:22:18And you have done a study on ballet dancers. Why have you studied them?
0:22:18 > 0:22:22Ballet dancers have actually been training for most of their life
0:22:22 > 0:22:25and that suppresses their sensations of dizziness.
0:22:25 > 0:22:28So, what are those brain mechanisms that allow ballet dancers
0:22:28 > 0:22:29to not feel dizzy?
0:22:29 > 0:22:33If we can understand that, we can use that to treat patients.
0:22:33 > 0:22:36This is Dr Barry's dizzy lab.
0:22:36 > 0:22:39The most important part of it is this, a special chair that
0:22:39 > 0:22:43allows Dr Barry to see how different people deal with dizziness.
0:22:43 > 0:22:46He's going to run some tests on me and the ice stars
0:22:46 > 0:22:49to see how differently our bodies cope.
0:22:49 > 0:22:52This experiment will be conducted in the dark,
0:22:52 > 0:22:54so I can't see when I'm turning.
0:22:54 > 0:22:56After just under a minute in the chair,
0:22:56 > 0:22:59something very strange happens.
0:22:59 > 0:23:02I feel completely still, it's really interesting.
0:23:02 > 0:23:05Like, I would absolutely promise you that I'm not moving.
0:23:05 > 0:23:09Yes, that's because the fluid in the canals in the inner ear
0:23:09 > 0:23:13are now moving together with your skull.
0:23:13 > 0:23:16What we're going to do, we're going to stop the chair.
0:23:16 > 0:23:18Whoa!
0:23:18 > 0:23:22It just feels like I'm definitely moving in the opposite direction.
0:23:22 > 0:23:25The fluid in my inner ears is still spinning and you can see
0:23:25 > 0:23:28from my eyes flicking that my brain still thinks I'm moving.
0:23:28 > 0:23:30Now it's the girls' turn.
0:23:30 > 0:23:33Let's see if, when the chair stops, they still think they're moving.
0:23:33 > 0:23:35- Do you feel you're moving?- No.
0:23:35 > 0:23:38- Not moving at all?- No.
0:23:38 > 0:23:40Well done.
0:23:40 > 0:23:42- OK, do you feel like you're spinning?- No.
0:23:42 > 0:23:43- You don't?- No.
0:23:43 > 0:23:45- Not at all?- No.
0:23:45 > 0:23:49I've never seen anyone with zero response.
0:23:49 > 0:23:52- She just isn't getting dizzy at all. - Not at all.
0:23:52 > 0:23:53When the chair stopped,
0:23:53 > 0:23:57you were feeling as if you were turning for more than half a minute.
0:23:57 > 0:24:01These guys were right, they felt no sensation of self-motion,
0:24:01 > 0:24:06because their brains are better than yours at suppressing dizziness.
0:24:06 > 0:24:08All right, don't get too smug!
0:24:08 > 0:24:11Thank you, Alexia and Kloe.
0:24:11 > 0:24:14Dr Barry's research has shown that the part of the brain which
0:24:14 > 0:24:17deals with dizziness is actually smaller in people who train
0:24:17 > 0:24:19to spin like Kloe and Alexia.
0:24:19 > 0:24:21Incredible!
0:24:21 > 0:24:22What's amazing about this
0:24:22 > 0:24:25is it could have very real medical benefits.
0:24:25 > 0:24:28If Dr Barry can train people's brains to cope with dizziness,
0:24:28 > 0:24:30it could really help them lead better lives.
0:24:30 > 0:24:32Right.
0:24:32 > 0:24:36I'm off to practise my spinning around.
0:24:36 > 0:24:38I'm not sure that's how you do it, Xand.
0:24:42 > 0:24:45Let's head back to accident and emergency to meet our next patient.
0:24:45 > 0:24:47You are not going to believe this one.
0:24:47 > 0:24:50But I believe everything on Operation Ouch!.
0:24:50 > 0:24:52- It's a figure of speech, Xand. - Good!
0:24:54 > 0:24:56In accident and emergency,
0:24:56 > 0:24:59seven-year-old Emily is waiting with a terrible toe.
0:24:59 > 0:25:01Ooh, that looks sore.
0:25:01 > 0:25:03Stanley did it.
0:25:03 > 0:25:04Stanley?
0:25:04 > 0:25:06He looks far too sweet and innocent for that!
0:25:06 > 0:25:09He dropped a photograph on my toe.
0:25:09 > 0:25:12A photograph? How did that happen?
0:25:13 > 0:25:14It was a Sunday at home.
0:25:14 > 0:25:17Emily and her brother Stanley were in Emily's bedroom.
0:25:17 > 0:25:21- Oh, I like those pink walls! - I think you'll find it lilac, Xand.
0:25:21 > 0:25:24- Well, what were they up to? - They were playing.
0:25:24 > 0:25:25Hide and seek?
0:25:25 > 0:25:28One, two, three, found you!
0:25:28 > 0:25:30- I don't think so, Xand. - Making a den?
0:25:30 > 0:25:33- That's what you used to do. - I still do.
0:25:33 > 0:25:36They were just messing around when all of a sudden,
0:25:36 > 0:25:39Stanley knocked a heavy photo frame off the windowsill
0:25:39 > 0:25:41and it fell straight onto Emily's toe.
0:25:41 > 0:25:43Ouch!
0:25:43 > 0:25:46- Does it hurt, Emily?- Yeah.
0:25:46 > 0:25:51Dr Reddy Ilavala's here again to look at that damaged digit.
0:25:51 > 0:25:54- Can you wriggle your toes for me? - EMILY'S MUM:- Wriggle your toes.
0:25:54 > 0:25:57Just making sure your joints are all right, yeah?
0:25:57 > 0:26:00- Is it just your nail that hurts, sweetheart?- The whole...
0:26:00 > 0:26:03That bit, where you touched it.
0:26:03 > 0:26:06On examination, there was blood underneath the nail,
0:26:06 > 0:26:10so it was under tension and very painful for her.
0:26:10 > 0:26:14We will try to relieve the pressure by putting a small hole.
0:26:14 > 0:26:15We call that...
0:26:17 > 0:26:20A knock to the toe can cause blood and pressure to build up
0:26:20 > 0:26:22behind the nail, causing pain.
0:26:22 > 0:26:24Trephining involves a special heated tool
0:26:24 > 0:26:26to make a small hole in the toenail.
0:26:26 > 0:26:29This will relieve the built-up blood and pressure
0:26:29 > 0:26:32and make Emily's toe happy again.
0:26:32 > 0:26:33Em, swallow.
0:26:33 > 0:26:37To make sure it doesn't hurt, Emily is having some painkillers.
0:26:37 > 0:26:39Dr Reddy gets trephining.
0:26:40 > 0:26:43It might look drastic, but Emily will be so much better
0:26:43 > 0:26:46when the pressure is released from under her toe.
0:26:46 > 0:26:48Little brother Stanley is there for support.
0:26:48 > 0:26:51- Blood is coming out. - DR REDDY:- Yeah, see?
0:26:51 > 0:26:52With the blood drained,
0:26:52 > 0:26:56a plaster is put on Emily's toe to protect it from infection.
0:26:56 > 0:26:58It might take it might take a week or two,
0:26:58 > 0:27:02but the nail will fall off and a fresh nail will grow back.
0:27:02 > 0:27:05TOE-rrific. Emily gets a brand-new nail.
0:27:05 > 0:27:08So what's the plan now, Emily?
0:27:08 > 0:27:11I'm going to be careful with my toe.
0:27:11 > 0:27:12Good idea.
0:27:12 > 0:27:14Stanley, you've got to look out for your sister.
0:27:14 > 0:27:17Off she hops into the distance.
0:27:17 > 0:27:19DR XAND AND DR CHRIS: Bye!
0:27:20 > 0:27:22Next time on Operation Ouch!...
0:27:22 > 0:27:25We investigate why skin goes wrinkly...
0:27:25 > 0:27:28- Xand, what are you doing? - I'm having a bath.
0:27:28 > 0:27:31Our mind-bending trick is one for your eyes.
0:27:31 > 0:27:34Xand and I need to change colour.
0:27:34 > 0:27:38And Chris finds out why Luke is doing all this exercise.
0:27:38 > 0:27:41- Here you can see the heart muscle. - Are you sweating yet?
0:27:43 > 0:27:47- So that's it till next time... - From Operation Ouch!
0:27:48 > 0:27:50SIRENS WAIL
0:27:50 > 0:27:52Chris, you haven't seen my diarrhoea sample, have you, anywhere?
0:27:52 > 0:27:54I can't find it.
0:27:54 > 0:27:55THEY SPLUTTER
0:27:55 > 0:27:56Oh, here it is!
0:28:01 > 0:28:02You got it?