0:00:24 > 0:00:25I'm Dr Chris.
0:00:25 > 0:00:27And I'm Dr Xand.
0:00:27 > 0:00:29- We're identical twins.- Twins.
0:00:29 > 0:00:32Do you know, your body does loads of amazing things every day
0:00:32 > 0:00:34without you even realising it?
0:00:34 > 0:00:36Now, come and have a look at this.
0:00:36 > 0:00:38Well, get ready to be wowed.
0:00:38 > 0:00:39Smell my armpits.
0:00:39 > 0:00:42We've got gobsmacking experiments...
0:00:42 > 0:00:43Wow!
0:00:43 > 0:00:46- HE CHUCKLES ..mind-bending body tricks...- Ah!
0:00:46 > 0:00:48..and real medical mysteries.
0:00:48 > 0:00:50Pushed a Tic Tac up my nose.
0:00:50 > 0:00:53So, are you ready to see what you're made of?
0:00:54 > 0:00:55Coming up today on Operation...
0:00:55 > 0:00:57Ouch!
0:00:58 > 0:01:01We try to solve one of the greatest mysteries of all time.
0:01:01 > 0:01:05Why does the skin on our fingers and toes go wrinkly in the bath?
0:01:05 > 0:01:08Xand is on call with the rapid response unit...
0:01:08 > 0:01:12Alan's heart rate's very slow and that's why he's collapsed.
0:01:12 > 0:01:15..and Chris explores the world of medical research.
0:01:15 > 0:01:18Here, we are looking right into Luke's heart.
0:01:18 > 0:01:20But first...
0:01:20 > 0:01:21In the emergency department,
0:01:21 > 0:01:23the medical team are ready for their first patient.
0:01:23 > 0:01:25Well, let's go meet him.
0:01:25 > 0:01:26All right. Here he comes.
0:01:29 > 0:01:32Nine-year-old Ethan is in accident and emergency with his dad
0:01:32 > 0:01:34and step-mum.
0:01:34 > 0:01:35So what's with the sunglasses?
0:01:35 > 0:01:40Last night, I felt really dizzy.
0:01:40 > 0:01:44Then this morning, I went to go give my mum a hug, and I just fell down.
0:01:44 > 0:01:47Oh, so are the sunglasses helping with his head?
0:01:47 > 0:01:50Well, Chris, I'm glad you asked, cos I've been working
0:01:50 > 0:01:52really hard on this one.
0:01:52 > 0:01:56Ethan had a severe headache which lasted all night
0:01:56 > 0:01:59He woke up in the morning and still didn't feel right.
0:01:59 > 0:02:01Wait, is this a poem?
0:02:01 > 0:02:02Yes, it is.
0:02:02 > 0:02:04Everything Ethan looked at seemed far too bright
0:02:04 > 0:02:08So he put on some sunglasses to block out the light...
0:02:08 > 0:02:11Ah, so that explains the shades.
0:02:11 > 0:02:13He fell over when he tried to stand upright
0:02:13 > 0:02:16He was very wobbly and it gave him a fright.
0:02:16 > 0:02:17- Yikes.- So what next?
0:02:17 > 0:02:20He's left his mum's, and he's off to his dad's.
0:02:20 > 0:02:23Yes, but Ethan couldn't step up to his dad's front door
0:02:23 > 0:02:26His head was hurting more and more.
0:02:26 > 0:02:29Very good, Xand, but ouch!
0:02:29 > 0:02:32Here to find the culprit causing Ethan's mystery headaches
0:02:32 > 0:02:34is top doctor Reddy Ilavala.
0:02:34 > 0:02:37So, Ethan, how are you feeling now?
0:02:37 > 0:02:39- Now, I feel all right. - All right, yeah.
0:02:39 > 0:02:42- But when I were walking earlier... - Yes.
0:02:42 > 0:02:44..I had a really bad headache.
0:02:44 > 0:02:47So the headache, you know, if it comes, how long it lasts for?
0:02:47 > 0:02:52Well, the last time I had a headache lasted for like two weeks.
0:02:52 > 0:02:56There could be many offenders causing Ethan's head to hurt.
0:02:56 > 0:03:00It could be a viral infection, sinusitis or dehydration.
0:03:00 > 0:03:03But other symptoms, such as sensitivity to light, can mean
0:03:03 > 0:03:04something more serious.
0:03:04 > 0:03:08So Dr Reddy needs to do some tests to rule this out.
0:03:08 > 0:03:10Ah, that's what you look like, Ethan.
0:03:10 > 0:03:13First he takes a look at the back of Ethan's eyes.
0:03:13 > 0:03:16If there's any raised pressure in his brain, this area could
0:03:16 > 0:03:18become enlarged.
0:03:18 > 0:03:21My dad is sticking his tongue out.
0:03:21 > 0:03:24With the back of Ethan's eyes looking fine, Dr Reddy checks
0:03:24 > 0:03:25they're working normally.
0:03:25 > 0:03:28N, T, O.
0:03:28 > 0:03:32With no obvious problems, further investigation will be required.
0:03:32 > 0:03:35We'll have to keep him in hospital and do further tests
0:03:35 > 0:03:37and exactly find out what is it.
0:03:37 > 0:03:40We'll be back later to see if the doctors can unravel
0:03:40 > 0:03:43the riddle of Ethan's mystery headaches.
0:03:46 > 0:03:49Ready to see some amazing experiments?
0:03:49 > 0:03:51Yes. A triumph.
0:03:51 > 0:03:54We're going to show you how your incredible body works.
0:03:55 > 0:03:57Just don't try anything you see here at home.
0:03:59 > 0:04:01Today we're looking at a big skin mystery.
0:04:05 > 0:04:06You OK, Chris?
0:04:06 > 0:04:08Yes, I'm just helping my body to get rid of a few thousand dead
0:04:08 > 0:04:11- skin cells.- Er, OK.
0:04:11 > 0:04:15As I scratch my skin, the top layer is flaking off into the air.
0:04:15 > 0:04:17Yes, I can see that, Chris, but why?
0:04:17 > 0:04:19Your body already does that all by itself,
0:04:19 > 0:04:21to make way for new skin cells.
0:04:21 > 0:04:23In fact, as it grows, skin sheds
0:04:23 > 0:04:2650,000 dead cells every single minute,
0:04:26 > 0:04:29totally replenishing itself every four weeks.
0:04:29 > 0:04:31Yes, I know, Xand. I know all your skin facts.
0:04:31 > 0:04:32I told you most of them.
0:04:32 > 0:04:35OK, well, why are you flaking off your skin, then?
0:04:35 > 0:04:38Because, Xand, I am trying to solve once and for all a question
0:04:38 > 0:04:41that has puzzled humankind throughout the ages.
0:04:41 > 0:04:44Since ancient times, we have searched, nay, quested...
0:04:44 > 0:04:45Yes, that's right, Chris.
0:04:45 > 0:04:48Throughout history, legions of scientists have been
0:04:48 > 0:04:52desperate to answer this one burning question.
0:04:53 > 0:04:54What is the question?
0:04:58 > 0:05:00Yes, I have always wondered about that.
0:05:00 > 0:05:03Exactly. The answer just has to be out there somewhere.
0:05:03 > 0:05:07Well, I have heard tell of a new scientific theory in which
0:05:07 > 0:05:09you may be interested.
0:05:10 > 0:05:14This, Chris, could hold the key that unlocks the riddle.
0:05:14 > 0:05:15Really?
0:05:15 > 0:05:18And it's all to do with this.
0:05:18 > 0:05:20- Now, take hold of that.- Ugh.
0:05:20 > 0:05:23There has been a big new research study into this skin mystery
0:05:23 > 0:05:26and their results suggested that our fingers
0:05:26 > 0:05:29and toes get wrinkly to help you grip wet things.
0:05:29 > 0:05:31Like the grooves on this tyre,
0:05:31 > 0:05:34the wrinkles in wet skin create little channels for the water
0:05:34 > 0:05:38to escape, giving you more grip on a wet surface.
0:05:38 > 0:05:40Well, I don't believe it.
0:05:40 > 0:05:43I didn't say, "Put the tyre down." I think the only thing for us
0:05:43 > 0:05:46to do is put it to the test like proper scientists.
0:05:46 > 0:05:48- Can I put it down now?- No.
0:05:52 > 0:05:56HE GROANS Ah, there we go.
0:05:56 > 0:05:58Xand, what are you doing?
0:05:58 > 0:06:00Oh, I'm getting ready to test
0:06:00 > 0:06:03the "why do our fingers go wrinkly in the bath?" theory, obviously.
0:06:03 > 0:06:07Right, we don't actually need to have a bath to do that, though.
0:06:07 > 0:06:09If you bothered to read this research carefully,
0:06:09 > 0:06:12then you'd see we simply need to replicate the real
0:06:12 > 0:06:15experiment that the other scientists use here, right?
0:06:15 > 0:06:17Obviously.
0:06:17 > 0:06:20I'm not convinced myself, but let's put this wrinkly finger
0:06:20 > 0:06:22theory to the test.
0:06:22 > 0:06:23Are you ready, Xand?
0:06:23 > 0:06:25- I'm ready.- Go.
0:06:26 > 0:06:29Using just our thumbs and forefingers, we're moving
0:06:29 > 0:06:33wet objects from one bowl to another through the screen.
0:06:33 > 0:06:38First we're timing how long it takes us with smooth, non-wrinkly fingers.
0:06:38 > 0:06:41I know it's not a race, but I really want to beat you, Chris.
0:06:43 > 0:06:45- Yes!- No.
0:06:47 > 0:06:51So my time for smooth, non-wrinkly fingers was 32 seconds.
0:06:51 > 0:06:54And mine was 35 seconds.
0:06:56 > 0:06:59Now, we'll repeat exactly the same experiment but with wrinkly fingers.
0:06:59 > 0:07:02So we need to soak them like when you've had a bath.
0:07:02 > 0:07:04I'm thinking I might just use a bowl of warm water
0:07:04 > 0:07:06to pop our fingers in.
0:07:06 > 0:07:08Now, Xand. Xand? Xand! What are you doing?
0:07:08 > 0:07:09I'm having a bath.
0:07:09 > 0:07:14You said we needed our fingers to be wrinkly, like in the bath.
0:07:14 > 0:07:19Right, but we only need to soak our hands in a bowl of warm water,
0:07:19 > 0:07:21not our whole bodies.
0:07:21 > 0:07:24Well, now that I'm in, it seems like a shame not to have a soak.
0:07:27 > 0:07:30So our hands are having some quality warm-water time, ensuring our
0:07:30 > 0:07:34fingers are really wrinkly for the next part of the experiment.
0:07:34 > 0:07:37After ten minutes, things are looking super-shrivelled.
0:07:37 > 0:07:40Let's put those pinkies through their paces.
0:07:40 > 0:07:42Three, two, one. Go.
0:07:43 > 0:07:46If the new theory is right, our wrinkly fingers will be
0:07:46 > 0:07:50better at gripping, and so will do the experiment quicker than before.
0:07:51 > 0:07:53- Done!- Yes! Oh!
0:07:53 > 0:07:55Well, Xand, it may have been a dead heat,
0:07:55 > 0:08:00but how did our non-wrinkly fingers compare to our wrinkly fingers?
0:08:00 > 0:08:03Well, I can reveal that we both had the same wrinkly finger time,
0:08:03 > 0:08:07which was 41 seconds - slower than before.
0:08:10 > 0:08:12Which means the answer to the mystery of why your fingers
0:08:12 > 0:08:16go wrinkly in the bath is... still a mystery.
0:08:17 > 0:08:18And talking of baths, I think
0:08:18 > 0:08:22my fingers need just a little more bath time.
0:08:22 > 0:08:23Chris!
0:08:26 > 0:08:30It's not just emergency teams in hospitals that are ready to
0:08:30 > 0:08:31- help you.- I know.
0:08:31 > 0:08:35There are medical crews all over the country on standby, 24/7.
0:08:37 > 0:08:40We're on call with the West Midlands Ambulance Service, showing
0:08:40 > 0:08:43you what it's really like on the front line saving lives.
0:08:44 > 0:08:47On call with me is paramedic Jan Vann.
0:08:50 > 0:08:53This is a rapid response car and it's one of a fleet
0:08:53 > 0:08:57of vehicles that respond to up to 3,000 emergency calls every day.
0:08:57 > 0:08:59Time to find out what it's like to be
0:08:59 > 0:09:02first on the scene of a medical emergency.
0:09:07 > 0:09:09And a new case is just in.
0:09:09 > 0:09:12All the information we've got at the moment is that somebody has
0:09:12 > 0:09:14fainted, so that could be an infection, it could be heart,
0:09:14 > 0:09:17it could be brain, it could be loads of different things.
0:09:17 > 0:09:19We don't know their age, if they're a man or a woman.
0:09:19 > 0:09:21We just have to get there as quickly as possible, to see
0:09:21 > 0:09:23if we can sort them out.
0:09:23 > 0:09:26Within minutes, we arrive at our destination.
0:09:31 > 0:09:32- Hello, sir.- Hi, there.
0:09:32 > 0:09:35Do you remember what happened this morning?
0:09:35 > 0:09:37I just went dizzy. I don't remember anything else.
0:09:37 > 0:09:4082-year-old Alan was walking home from the shops
0:09:40 > 0:09:42when two workmen saw him fall over in the street.
0:09:42 > 0:09:44But we were just there working here and my mate said,
0:09:44 > 0:09:47- "He's hit the floor." He hit his head there.- OK, OK.
0:09:48 > 0:09:50So, it's actually quite a cold morning
0:09:50 > 0:09:53and he's lucky that these builders saw him fall down,
0:09:53 > 0:09:56because if he'd knocked his head and been unconscious for a long
0:09:56 > 0:09:59time, he could have got very cold, and you end up with many problems.
0:09:59 > 0:10:01A head injury, hypothermia
0:10:01 > 0:10:04and whatever led to the fall in the first place.
0:10:04 > 0:10:05- Any heart problems?- No.
0:10:05 > 0:10:08Your heartbeat's going a bit slower than it should be,
0:10:08 > 0:10:10so I'm going to do a quick heart tracing.
0:10:11 > 0:10:15So what Jan's doing now is taking a tracing of his heart,
0:10:15 > 0:10:18and the reason for that is we don't know why he's fallen -
0:10:18 > 0:10:21but if it's his heart that's made him fall,
0:10:21 > 0:10:23before we move him we need to make sure he's OK.
0:10:23 > 0:10:26Now, I'm going to give you a drug to speed your heart up, OK?
0:10:26 > 0:10:28Jan's found Alan's heart rate's very slow
0:10:28 > 0:10:31and that's why he's collapsed.
0:10:31 > 0:10:33It's really good that Jan's been able to figure out the problem
0:10:33 > 0:10:37and we know that he needs an ambulance and to get to hospital.
0:10:37 > 0:10:41While Jan administers a drug called atropine to speed up Alan's heart,
0:10:41 > 0:10:43the ambulance arrives.
0:10:43 > 0:10:46Alan's slow heart rate is a real concern and Jan has to
0:10:46 > 0:10:49administer more medication on the way to the hospital.
0:10:49 > 0:10:52OK, sweetheart. This drug's going in now.
0:10:52 > 0:10:56So Jan's giving Alan a third dose of atropine to try and
0:10:56 > 0:10:57get his heart rate up.
0:10:57 > 0:11:00It's really important that your heart keeps beating strong
0:11:00 > 0:11:03and it keeps beating quickly enough to get blood around your body
0:11:03 > 0:11:04and particularly to your brain.
0:11:05 > 0:11:09What's amazing about Jan is all the things she's done for Alan -
0:11:09 > 0:11:12ECG, blood glucose, she's talking to him the whole time -
0:11:12 > 0:11:17she's doing while we're moving along about 30 or 40mph.
0:11:18 > 0:11:21Fortunately, we arrive at the hospital quickly, because Alan
0:11:21 > 0:11:24takes another turn for the worse as he's wheeled in.
0:11:26 > 0:11:28That was a bit hair-raising. My biggest concern happened.
0:11:28 > 0:11:31His heart stopped, er, for about a minute
0:11:31 > 0:11:34but it's restarted again now and he's talking again.
0:11:35 > 0:11:38Alan actually got a lot more sick as we got to hospital.
0:11:38 > 0:11:42He's feeling much better now, but it's so good that he's here
0:11:42 > 0:11:46so quickly and that's all thanks to Jan being on the scene quickly
0:11:46 > 0:11:48and the really, really good, quick drive here.
0:11:48 > 0:11:51He's in the right place and things are looking good for Alan.
0:11:51 > 0:11:54During a short stay in hospital, Alan had a pacemaker fitted
0:11:54 > 0:11:56and he's now happily back at home.
0:11:58 > 0:12:00Still to come...
0:12:00 > 0:12:02Keep an eye out for today's Mindbenders.
0:12:02 > 0:12:05What is this? You know I can't stand wearing blue.
0:12:05 > 0:12:08Our mobile clinic is open for business.
0:12:08 > 0:12:10Can I have the next patient, please?
0:12:10 > 0:12:13And Chris discovers why Luke is working out like this.
0:12:13 > 0:12:14Are you sweating yet?
0:12:17 > 0:12:19Earlier, Ethan came into accident and emergency
0:12:19 > 0:12:21with mystery headaches.
0:12:21 > 0:12:24Let's see what the doctors do next.
0:12:24 > 0:12:28Back in Sheffield, nine-year-old Ethan is in hospital suffering
0:12:28 > 0:12:29from severe headaches.
0:12:29 > 0:12:33He was having to wear sunglasses as the light made his head hurt.
0:12:33 > 0:12:37It got so bad he wasn't even able to walk properly.
0:12:37 > 0:12:40Earlier, Dr Reddy carried out a series of checks on Ethan to
0:12:40 > 0:12:43find out the cause of his headaches, but so far they haven't found
0:12:43 > 0:12:45anything unusual.
0:12:45 > 0:12:49With the culprit for the headache still at large, Ethan is sent
0:12:49 > 0:12:51for a CT scan to rule out anything more serious.
0:12:53 > 0:12:56A CT scan is a special kind of X-ray.
0:12:56 > 0:12:59It gives clearer and more detailed pictures of the inside of
0:12:59 > 0:13:02your body than a normal X-ray.
0:13:02 > 0:13:05CT images of Ethan's head will give the doctors vital information
0:13:05 > 0:13:08about his brain, soft tissue and blood vessels around it,
0:13:08 > 0:13:11to make sure that everything is working properly.
0:13:13 > 0:13:16This is the kind of the base of the skull and then follow this,
0:13:16 > 0:13:18his brain in the middle.
0:13:18 > 0:13:20Do you know what it felt like?
0:13:20 > 0:13:21What did it feel like?
0:13:21 > 0:13:23It felt like a freezing cold spaceship.
0:13:23 > 0:13:26Well, if you're going to go into space, why not go in your onesie?
0:13:26 > 0:13:29Dr Reddy takes a look at Ethan's scan.
0:13:29 > 0:13:34I'm just looking for if there's any bleed, you know, or a tumour,
0:13:34 > 0:13:37just to rule out those things, really.
0:13:37 > 0:13:39For my eyes, it looks OK to me.
0:13:39 > 0:13:42So the doctors have ruled out anything serious going on
0:13:42 > 0:13:44inside Ethan's head.
0:13:44 > 0:13:47And it's time to deliver the good news to our patient.
0:13:47 > 0:13:49Well, the scan is all right, yeah, I think.
0:13:49 > 0:13:51He's been reported as normal.
0:13:51 > 0:13:54As an emergency department, we just wanted to rule out the basic,
0:13:54 > 0:13:55you know, worst scenarios
0:13:55 > 0:13:59and then I'll write a letter for the GP to follow him up.
0:13:59 > 0:14:02With Ethan feeling better, he's off home.
0:14:02 > 0:14:05Since Ethan left hospital, he hasn't had any more headaches
0:14:05 > 0:14:07and all is well.
0:14:11 > 0:14:13Now we're going to mess with your mind...
0:14:13 > 0:14:15- It's weird. - ..scramble your senses
0:14:15 > 0:14:17and baffle your brain.
0:14:21 > 0:14:24Today's mind-bending trick is one for your eyes
0:14:24 > 0:14:28but to do it, Xand and I need to change colour.
0:14:28 > 0:14:31Ooh. I don't remember saying you could do this!
0:14:31 > 0:14:32You know I only ever wear green.
0:14:32 > 0:14:34All right, calm down, it won't last forever.
0:14:37 > 0:14:39Three groups of children at this school are here to play one
0:14:39 > 0:14:43- of our mind-bending tricks. - We're going to show you this picture
0:14:43 > 0:14:45and we're going to make you look at it very hard
0:14:45 > 0:14:48and then we're going to switch it to a black-and-white picture.
0:14:48 > 0:14:50- Are there any colours in this picture?- No.
0:14:50 > 0:14:53In order for it to work, you have to keep looking at that dot
0:14:53 > 0:14:56and even when the picture changes, and you'll want to look at
0:14:56 > 0:14:59the rest of the picture, you still have to keep looking at the dot.
0:14:59 > 0:15:00- Does that make sense?- Yes.
0:15:00 > 0:15:03You can play at home too. Are you ready?
0:15:05 > 0:15:08Just remember, keep your eyes fixed on the dot in the middle of
0:15:08 > 0:15:10the picture.
0:15:10 > 0:15:13And don't move your eyes when the picture changes.
0:15:13 > 0:15:14Keep focused on that dot.
0:15:15 > 0:15:16Keep looking.
0:15:18 > 0:15:20Ready for the change? Don't move your eyes.
0:15:22 > 0:15:24Do you see this photo in colour?
0:15:24 > 0:15:25Now move your eyes.
0:15:25 > 0:15:27Do you see it's actually in black and white?
0:15:27 > 0:15:28Whoa!
0:15:30 > 0:15:32THEY CHATTER OVER EACH OTHER
0:15:32 > 0:15:34How did this lot get on?
0:15:34 > 0:15:36- I saw blue. - I saw blue and green.
0:15:36 > 0:15:39You saw us in colour, basically. Yes.
0:15:39 > 0:15:42And all the group saw it.
0:15:42 > 0:15:44So, just to be clear, guys, at no stage
0:15:44 > 0:15:47is that black-and-white picture ever colour. There's no colour.
0:15:47 > 0:15:50It just goes from weird orange to black and white.
0:15:50 > 0:15:53So why do you think we had to show you weird colours?
0:15:53 > 0:15:56- Because they were negative, like. - What do you mean by negative?
0:15:56 > 0:15:58Like the opposite colour.
0:15:58 > 0:16:00Omar's got the right idea.
0:16:00 > 0:16:03First we showed the negative image, which has
0:16:03 > 0:16:05the opposite colours of all those in the original.
0:16:07 > 0:16:10As you can see, on the colour wheel, the opposite to blue and green
0:16:10 > 0:16:11is orange and red.
0:16:11 > 0:16:14So our blue and green tops have become orangey red.
0:16:17 > 0:16:20So why did we then see colour on the black-and-white picture when
0:16:20 > 0:16:22there is none?
0:16:22 > 0:16:25At the back of your eyes, you have cells called photoreceptors
0:16:25 > 0:16:27and they detect light.
0:16:27 > 0:16:29And you have different photoreceptors for different
0:16:29 > 0:16:32colours. But when you've been looking at one colour
0:16:32 > 0:16:33for a long time,
0:16:33 > 0:16:37the photoreceptors that deal with that colour get tired
0:16:37 > 0:16:39and switch off a bit.
0:16:39 > 0:16:42So when you're looking at our image, the photoreceptors in the back
0:16:42 > 0:16:45of your eye that deal with orange and red get tired and
0:16:45 > 0:16:47they take a little break.
0:16:47 > 0:16:50When it flips to black and white, your brain isn't getting
0:16:50 > 0:16:53signals from the orange and red ones any more, so your blue and
0:16:53 > 0:16:57green receptors step in to provide the missing colour.
0:16:57 > 0:16:59Chris, I'm glad you put me back to my normal colour,
0:16:59 > 0:17:01but wait a minute...
0:17:01 > 0:17:04Aargh! You've done it again. I mean, what is this?
0:17:04 > 0:17:07You know I can't stand wearing blue.
0:17:07 > 0:17:09I'm going to go and get my bottle of green clothes dye
0:17:09 > 0:17:11and I'm going to fix this once and for all.
0:17:11 > 0:17:14Honestly, it was just an absolutely disgrace.
0:17:19 > 0:17:22That's over ten million times a year. Wow!
0:17:29 > 0:17:33We're at a theme park to solve your medical mysteries.
0:17:33 > 0:17:37Xand is preparing the Ouchmobile for his first patient.
0:17:37 > 0:17:40And Chris is out in the park to answer your burning questions.
0:17:40 > 0:17:42Wow, I'm impressed.
0:17:42 > 0:17:45At the clinic, Xand is open for business.
0:17:45 > 0:17:47Can I have the next patient, please?
0:17:47 > 0:17:49Aye-aye, it's double trouble -
0:17:49 > 0:17:52siblings 11-year old Harry and eight-year old Maya.
0:17:52 > 0:17:55So, Harry, Maya, why have you come to the Ouchmobile?
0:17:55 > 0:17:58I've come because I've got a squint in my right eye.
0:17:58 > 0:18:00And I've got a squint in my eye.
0:18:00 > 0:18:02What's the diagnosis, Doc?
0:18:02 > 0:18:03Sounds like a case of...
0:18:06 > 0:18:08I agree.
0:18:08 > 0:18:11Can you open the eyelid, and we'll see if we can see it?
0:18:11 > 0:18:14It's quite hard to see but it is visible.
0:18:14 > 0:18:18Maya's right eye is wandering off a little bit when she looks up.
0:18:18 > 0:18:21It's not quite pointing in the same direction as her left eye.
0:18:21 > 0:18:23Now, Harry, can you make it happen?
0:18:25 > 0:18:27Oh, yeah, look at that.
0:18:27 > 0:18:29What kind of things have you done for the squint?
0:18:29 > 0:18:31I've had to do these eye exercises.
0:18:31 > 0:18:32I've had to have patch therapy,
0:18:32 > 0:18:35which is putting a patch over my eye.
0:18:35 > 0:18:36That's been quite annoying.
0:18:36 > 0:18:38Do you guys have any questions for me?
0:18:38 > 0:18:41What's actually happening inside your eye?
0:18:41 > 0:18:44The problem is that one eye isn't working as well as the other eye,
0:18:44 > 0:18:47and that means the brain decides to ignore the image from one eye
0:18:47 > 0:18:51and concentrate on the good eye, at which point it stops
0:18:51 > 0:18:55controlling the muscles around your eye and it begins to wander off.
0:18:55 > 0:18:58Well, thank you very much for bringing your amazing
0:18:58 > 0:19:00- eyes to the Ouchmobile. - Thank you.- Thank you.
0:19:02 > 0:19:05Away from the clinic, Chris is "ouch" and about answering your
0:19:05 > 0:19:07burning questions.
0:19:07 > 0:19:10Why do you get shorter during the day?
0:19:10 > 0:19:12What, do you mean you're tallest when you wake and up
0:19:12 > 0:19:15- and then as you walk around all day you get shorter?- Yes.
0:19:15 > 0:19:16That is a really good question.
0:19:16 > 0:19:20Because between each one of your vertebrae, which is the bones in
0:19:20 > 0:19:24your spine, you've got a jelly-like disc and over the course of the
0:19:24 > 0:19:27day, that gets squeezed and it gets shorter and shorter and shorter.
0:19:27 > 0:19:30Why did you care about whether or not you were
0:19:30 > 0:19:32shrinking at a theme park?
0:19:32 > 0:19:34Because of the height restrictions.
0:19:34 > 0:19:37- Oh, so you can go on the rides. - Yes.
0:19:37 > 0:19:38Can I have the next patient, please?
0:19:38 > 0:19:40Back at the Ouchmobile are brothers
0:19:40 > 0:19:43ten-year-old William and eight-year old Callum.
0:19:43 > 0:19:46So, William, Callum, why have you come to the ouchmobile?
0:19:46 > 0:19:49- BOTH:- Because we've got bendy fingers
0:19:49 > 0:19:51and we can stick our shoulder blade out.
0:19:51 > 0:19:52What's the diagnosis, Doc?
0:19:52 > 0:19:54Sounds like a case of...
0:19:57 > 0:19:59Easy for you to say(!)
0:19:59 > 0:20:02So, William, can you open up the eyelid on the Ouchcam?
0:20:02 > 0:20:03OK, now let's have a look.
0:20:03 > 0:20:05So that's amazing.
0:20:05 > 0:20:09Both Callum and William have got what we'd call hyper-mobile joints,
0:20:09 > 0:20:13meaning they've got a bigger range of motion than most other people do.
0:20:13 > 0:20:16So, William, can we have a look at your shoulder blades?
0:20:18 > 0:20:19Oh, wow. So, put it back.
0:20:20 > 0:20:22And then pop them out again.
0:20:22 > 0:20:25- So can you do the same thing, Callum?- Yes.
0:20:25 > 0:20:27Have you got any questions about that for me?
0:20:27 > 0:20:28Why can we do it?
0:20:28 > 0:20:30The reason that you can do it is probably
0:20:30 > 0:20:33because you've got very stretchy collagen
0:20:33 > 0:20:38and collagen is the molecule that holds your whole body together.
0:20:38 > 0:20:41It's your body's equivalent, really, of elastic bands.
0:20:41 > 0:20:43So some people are held together by,
0:20:43 > 0:20:45if you like, very strong elastic bands.
0:20:45 > 0:20:48And then you guys are held together by much more stretchy
0:20:48 > 0:20:51- elastic bands. Does that make sense? - Mm-hm.- Yeah.
0:20:51 > 0:20:53William, Callum, thanks very much
0:20:53 > 0:20:55for bringing your amazing bodies to the Ouchmobile.
0:20:55 > 0:20:58- It was great, thanks.- Thank you.
0:20:58 > 0:21:00Job done for today. Clinic closed.
0:21:04 > 0:21:07Your body is amazing but sometimes it needs fixing.
0:21:07 > 0:21:10All over the UK, there are special teams of professionals
0:21:10 > 0:21:13trained to tackle medical mysteries.
0:21:13 > 0:21:16The heart is the most important muscle in the body.
0:21:16 > 0:21:18Between beats it relaxes and fills with blood,
0:21:18 > 0:21:21like I've filled this tennis ball with water.
0:21:21 > 0:21:25And then, when it contracts, it squeezes the blood out of it,
0:21:25 > 0:21:27forcing blood around your body.
0:21:27 > 0:21:29Now just like squeezing the tennis ball,
0:21:29 > 0:21:32your heart pumping is hard work and so, to do exercise
0:21:32 > 0:21:36without getting out of breath, your heart has to do be really strong.
0:21:36 > 0:21:39But not everyone has a tiptop heart.
0:21:39 > 0:21:43Every year, around 4,600 babies are born with a heart defect.
0:21:43 > 0:21:45This is 14-year-old Luke.
0:21:45 > 0:21:48He's one of those who's had heart problems since birth.
0:21:48 > 0:21:51So, Luke, tell me about the issues you've had with your heart.
0:21:51 > 0:21:53Well, Chris, I had four things wrong with my heart
0:21:53 > 0:21:57and one of those was a hole in my heart.
0:21:57 > 0:22:00When your heart is working normally, it's incredibly powerful.
0:22:00 > 0:22:03Blood flows through its four chambers and is then pumped
0:22:03 > 0:22:05to every part of your body.
0:22:05 > 0:22:08But when you have a hole in the heart, there's a little
0:22:08 > 0:22:10opening between two of the chambers.
0:22:10 > 0:22:13This means blood doesn't flow as well as it should and so less
0:22:13 > 0:22:15oxygen gets pumped around the body.
0:22:15 > 0:22:16What was the effect it had on your life?
0:22:16 > 0:22:19I was lacking in energy.
0:22:19 > 0:22:22Whilst I grew up, my friends got faster and stronger.
0:22:22 > 0:22:25I was staying the same, possibly getting weaker.
0:22:25 > 0:22:28Two years ago, Luke had major heart surgery which allowed him to
0:22:28 > 0:22:30do more exercise.
0:22:30 > 0:22:33It made me fitter and stronger so I've been able to get out there,
0:22:33 > 0:22:35do more things and just enjoying myself.
0:22:35 > 0:22:40And now Luke is helping others by participating in research
0:22:40 > 0:22:45into how much exercise is safe for children with heart conditions.
0:22:45 > 0:22:49Dr Guido Pieles is running the research at Bristol University.
0:22:49 > 0:22:52Today, Luke is going to do some exercise under the close
0:22:52 > 0:22:55supervision of Dr Guido and his colleague Craig.
0:22:55 > 0:22:58This is the first time children's hearts have been monitored
0:22:58 > 0:23:00like this while they're exercising.
0:23:00 > 0:23:04Here we're looking right into Luke's heart and then
0:23:04 > 0:23:07we see Luke's heart muscle because, after all, the heart is a muscle.
0:23:07 > 0:23:10- OK.- And we can see this muscle contracting, relaxing
0:23:10 > 0:23:12at around 80 beats per minute.
0:23:13 > 0:23:17Luke also wears a mask so Dr Guido and his team can measure
0:23:17 > 0:23:19the amount of oxygen he uses.
0:23:21 > 0:23:24- Feeling comfortable?- Yes.- Good.
0:23:24 > 0:23:27OK, so we've got a heart scanner, so we can take pictures of the heart,
0:23:27 > 0:23:29we've got the electrical trace of the heart,
0:23:29 > 0:23:31so we can look at the rhythm
0:23:31 > 0:23:34and then we've got the oxygen mask on, so we can see how fit Luke is.
0:23:34 > 0:23:36- Are you sweating yet? - A little bit.
0:23:36 > 0:23:38Faint drops of sweat.
0:23:39 > 0:23:44So your heart rate's now up at 115, so it's gone up quite a bit.
0:23:44 > 0:23:48Monitoring Luke's heart allows Dr Guido to see how well it's
0:23:48 > 0:23:49coping whilst exercising.
0:23:49 > 0:23:52There we've got Luke's heart again
0:23:52 > 0:23:55and we can see that Luke's heart is contracting faster.
0:23:55 > 0:23:58Working much harder but it's working well.
0:23:58 > 0:24:01As you can see, the ultrasound image on the left shows Luke's heart
0:24:01 > 0:24:05beating faster when he's exercising compared to the one on
0:24:05 > 0:24:06the right, when he wasn't.
0:24:07 > 0:24:10And would you say he's safe to continue doing
0:24:10 > 0:24:11the kind of exercise he loves to do?
0:24:11 > 0:24:15Yes, because, after all, exercise is good for our heart.
0:24:15 > 0:24:17It keeps us healthy and makes us lives longer.
0:24:17 > 0:24:19If you have a heart condition, always check with your doctor
0:24:19 > 0:24:21before exercising.
0:24:21 > 0:24:24Although Dr Guido's research is only in its early stages,
0:24:24 > 0:24:27he's hoping to come up with some recommendations which will
0:24:27 > 0:24:31allow children with heart conditions to exercise safely, like Luke.
0:24:34 > 0:24:39Our next patient's day was turned upside down by a bizarre accident.
0:24:42 > 0:24:44- Better.- Let's go meet her.
0:24:44 > 0:24:47We're at Liverpool's accident and emergency,
0:24:47 > 0:24:51where 12-year-old Carmen has a jaw that's giving her gyp.
0:24:51 > 0:24:53What's the problem, Carmen?
0:24:53 > 0:24:55I dislocated my jaw while eating.
0:24:55 > 0:24:59Oh, yeah, it IS looking a bit wonky. How did you do that?
0:25:01 > 0:25:04It was lunchtime at school and Carmen was with her friends
0:25:04 > 0:25:07- in the canteen. - Gosh, there's a long queue, Chris.
0:25:07 > 0:25:09I know, Xand, but don't worry, it's moving quickly.
0:25:09 > 0:25:14Phew. But what was she getting for lunch, a triple-decker BLT?
0:25:14 > 0:25:15Nope.
0:25:15 > 0:25:17A jumbo pineapple?
0:25:17 > 0:25:19No, Xand, a bread roll.
0:25:19 > 0:25:21With a burger in it?
0:25:21 > 0:25:24- No, Xand, just a big, white, crusty bread roll.- Oh.
0:25:26 > 0:25:30And when Carmen bit into it, she dislocated her jaw.
0:25:30 > 0:25:32Ouch!
0:25:32 > 0:25:34Are you sure there was nothing in that bread roll?
0:25:34 > 0:25:36It had butter on it.
0:25:36 > 0:25:38Hm. I don't think we can blame the butter.
0:25:38 > 0:25:42Best get Dr Shrouk Messahel to have a look.
0:25:42 > 0:25:44- Can you open your mouth at all? - Not really.
0:25:44 > 0:25:47- No?- Oh, dear.
0:25:47 > 0:25:50- That's about as much as you can do? - Yeah.
0:25:50 > 0:25:52I'm just going to have a little look in.
0:25:52 > 0:25:55It's clear that her jaw is dislocated, it's out of place,
0:25:55 > 0:25:59and what I need to do is relocate her jaw.
0:25:59 > 0:26:01I need to put it back into place.
0:26:01 > 0:26:03Inside your head are 22 bones,
0:26:03 > 0:26:06- which make up the skull. - And two of them are in your jaw.
0:26:06 > 0:26:09There's the mandible, which is the largest and strongest bone in
0:26:09 > 0:26:12- your face.- And the maxilla.
0:26:12 > 0:26:15They're linked together by a hinge which allows you to open
0:26:15 > 0:26:19- and close your mouth.- And Carmen's hinge has become unhinged.
0:26:19 > 0:26:22Dr Shrouk needs to get to get to grips with that sore jaw.
0:26:22 > 0:26:26I'm going to have to get on top of her, almost,
0:26:26 > 0:26:29and push really hard down and back.
0:26:29 > 0:26:32This may look uncomfortable but Carmen's had painkillers,
0:26:32 > 0:26:34so it won't hurt.
0:26:34 > 0:26:37- Good girl. Good girl.- Really well. - Try not to bite me.
0:26:37 > 0:26:39Yeah, Carmen. She's not a bread roll.
0:26:39 > 0:26:41- Well done.- Does that work, Doc?
0:26:41 > 0:26:43Good girl. Bite.
0:26:43 > 0:26:47- How's that? Better?- Yeah.- OK.
0:26:47 > 0:26:50Yay! That's what she usually looks like.
0:26:50 > 0:26:51How do you feel, Carmen?
0:26:51 > 0:26:54I feel sick after that, cos she was, like, pushing
0:26:54 > 0:26:57and it felt like it was going to crack the other way.
0:26:57 > 0:27:01And a quick X-ray shows that Carmen's jaw is A-OK.
0:27:01 > 0:27:04What we're going to do now is we're going to let you go home.
0:27:04 > 0:27:08So no big burgers or bread rolls or anything like that.
0:27:08 > 0:27:11Nothing hard, nothing that you need to really, you know,
0:27:11 > 0:27:12use your jaw for.
0:27:12 > 0:27:14What are you going to eat now, Carmen?
0:27:14 > 0:27:18I don't know. Bread rolls are, like, the only nice thing.
0:27:18 > 0:27:20Hasn't that bread roll taught you anything?
0:27:20 > 0:27:21- Bye.- Bye.
0:27:23 > 0:27:25Next time...
0:27:25 > 0:27:27we show you how your kidneys work.
0:27:27 > 0:27:29Scalpel, please.
0:27:29 > 0:27:32Xand gets new specs in Mindbenders.
0:27:32 > 0:27:34And there's a new patient in A&E.
0:27:34 > 0:27:36I've got a stone in my ear.
0:27:36 > 0:27:39So we'll see you next time for more...
0:27:39 > 0:27:40Operation Ouch!
0:27:41 > 0:27:45My sister, she goes, "Ah-ahem! Dr Xand."
0:27:45 > 0:27:47XAND LAUGHS
0:27:47 > 0:27:50That's one of my favourite bits. And the other day someone in the crew
0:27:50 > 0:27:54was literally saying, "Oh, I need a doctor," and I went, "Ah-ahem."
0:27:54 > 0:27:56And they'd completely forgotten.