0:00:24 > 0:00:25I'm Dr Chris.
0:00:25 > 0:00:27And I'm Dr Xand.
0:00:27 > 0:00:29- We're identical twins.- Twins!
0:00:29 > 0:00:32Do you know your body does loads of amazing things every day,
0:00:32 > 0:00:33without you even knowing?
0:00:33 > 0:00:36It's time to saw open some bone.
0:00:36 > 0:00:38Well, get ready to be wowed.
0:00:38 > 0:00:40Smell my armpits.
0:00:40 > 0:00:42We've got gobsmacking experiments...
0:00:42 > 0:00:44Wow!
0:00:44 > 0:00:46..mind-bending body tricks...
0:00:46 > 0:00:48and real medical mysteries.
0:00:48 > 0:00:51It's tickling the tip of my nose.
0:00:51 > 0:00:54So, are you ready to see what you're made of?
0:00:54 > 0:00:56Coming up today on...
0:00:56 > 0:00:57Operation Ouch!
0:01:01 > 0:01:03Find out what's in Chris's orange juice.
0:01:06 > 0:01:09I'm on-call responding to real emergencies.
0:01:09 > 0:01:12Just went to move and it went.
0:01:12 > 0:01:14And I get new specs in Mindbenders.
0:01:15 > 0:01:17But first...
0:01:17 > 0:01:19In the emergency department,
0:01:19 > 0:01:21the medical team are ready for their first patient.
0:01:21 > 0:01:23Well, come on, let's meet him.
0:01:24 > 0:01:26In Sheffield accident and emergency,
0:01:26 > 0:01:30six-year-old Jude is waiting to see the doctors with his mum.
0:01:30 > 0:01:31What's up, fella?
0:01:31 > 0:01:33I've got a stone in my ear.
0:01:34 > 0:01:37Oh, dear, how did that get there?
0:01:37 > 0:01:39I just put it in my ear.
0:01:39 > 0:01:41Oh, you put it there? OK.
0:01:41 > 0:01:43Let's find out more, shall we?
0:01:43 > 0:01:45It was circle time at school.
0:01:45 > 0:01:47Oooh, I LOVE circle time.
0:01:47 > 0:01:50Uh...OK. Anyway, Jude was daydreaming
0:01:50 > 0:01:52and playing with the carpet.
0:01:53 > 0:01:57- Oh, he's a tiny explorer in carpet jungle.- Erm...
0:01:57 > 0:02:00He probably discovered a sticky sweet or two...
0:02:00 > 0:02:01Hello!
0:02:01 > 0:02:02..and some fluff.
0:02:02 > 0:02:03Ah! Get off me!
0:02:03 > 0:02:06Er...no, he found a stone.
0:02:06 > 0:02:08Oh, yes, and the stone wants to play chase,
0:02:08 > 0:02:11then it jumps up high to catch him, flying through the air.
0:02:11 > 0:02:14Er...no, Xand, Jude just picked up the stone
0:02:14 > 0:02:15and popped it into his ear.
0:02:15 > 0:02:16Oh...ouch!
0:02:18 > 0:02:20I need to get some tweezers.
0:02:20 > 0:02:23Best let the professionals decide.
0:02:23 > 0:02:27Ear to sort it out is Dr Susanne Baron.
0:02:27 > 0:02:28- Hello, Jude.- Hi.
0:02:28 > 0:02:30- How are you?- Good.
0:02:30 > 0:02:32What happened to you?
0:02:32 > 0:02:35I put a stone in my ear by mistake.
0:02:35 > 0:02:38By mistake, ah, that's not so bad then.
0:02:38 > 0:02:39Was it a big stone?
0:02:39 > 0:02:41Erm...it was...
0:02:41 > 0:02:42Whoa, that big?!
0:02:42 > 0:02:44..medium.
0:02:44 > 0:02:45Medium big, OK.
0:02:45 > 0:02:47Dr Baron begins the search.
0:02:47 > 0:02:49I'll just pull it a little bit.
0:02:49 > 0:02:50Are you in there, stone?
0:02:50 > 0:02:52Whoops, there it is.
0:02:52 > 0:02:54I can see it.
0:02:54 > 0:02:57It's a little grey stone right in the middle of your ear.
0:02:57 > 0:02:59We'll try and suck it out.
0:02:59 > 0:03:01High five, bro, let's do this.
0:03:02 > 0:03:06Dr Baron's using a vacuum to try and suck the stone out.
0:03:06 > 0:03:09OK, it will tickle and it will be very noisy.
0:03:09 > 0:03:11Oh, that's noisy.
0:03:11 > 0:03:13I'm not even in there yet.
0:03:15 > 0:03:17Come on, stone, out you come.
0:03:17 > 0:03:21I think it has moved a little bit, the right way.
0:03:21 > 0:03:22So, we'll try again.
0:03:24 > 0:03:26It's moving, but will it come out?
0:03:26 > 0:03:28No, I think it's wedged in there, actually.
0:03:28 > 0:03:30The stone won't budge.
0:03:30 > 0:03:34Sometimes we can't get these things out if they have a rough surface.
0:03:34 > 0:03:38The next thing we need to do now is to refer him to the ear,
0:03:38 > 0:03:39nose, throat surgeons.
0:03:39 > 0:03:42I'm sorry the vacuum cleaner didn't work today.
0:03:42 > 0:03:44The stone is still in my ear.
0:03:44 > 0:03:47Don't worry, Jude, we'll be back later to sort that out.
0:03:51 > 0:03:54Ready to see some amazing experiments?
0:03:54 > 0:03:56Yes! A triumph.
0:03:56 > 0:04:00We're going to show you how your incredible body works.
0:04:00 > 0:04:03Just don't try anything you see here at home.
0:04:03 > 0:04:07Today, we're looking at a pair of organs that really clean up.
0:04:11 > 0:04:13Chris, what are you doing?
0:04:13 > 0:04:16I'm cleaning and tidying the lab, Xand.
0:04:16 > 0:04:19I thought we had one of those self-cleaning laboratories.
0:04:19 > 0:04:21Would you like some orange juice?
0:04:21 > 0:04:23Oh I'd love some, yeah, it's thirsty work, this.
0:04:23 > 0:04:25- Here you go.- Thanks, Xand.
0:04:31 > 0:04:34It's got juicy bits in it!
0:04:34 > 0:04:36Now, Chris doesn't like bits in his orange juice any more
0:04:36 > 0:04:40than your body doesn't like bits or waste products in your
0:04:40 > 0:04:43bloodstream, and what your kidneys do is help to get rid of them.
0:04:43 > 0:04:48Now, I can remove the bits from the orange juice using this filter.
0:04:48 > 0:04:50Hey, that's my tea strainer.
0:04:50 > 0:04:53Whatever, it gets rid of all the little bits in the orange juice
0:04:53 > 0:04:55just like your kidneys get rid of all the little
0:04:55 > 0:04:58bits from your blood that your body doesn't want.
0:04:58 > 0:05:02In 24 hours, your kidneys filter and clean 200 litres of blood
0:05:02 > 0:05:06and it's even more amazing when you see what a real kidney looks like.
0:05:08 > 0:05:11Now, this pair is from a pig, but they're very similar to yours.
0:05:11 > 0:05:15It might look a bit gross, but your kidneys are amazing.
0:05:15 > 0:05:19This tube here is the main blood vessel carrying
0:05:19 > 0:05:23blood into the kidneys full of waste waiting to be removed.
0:05:23 > 0:05:26The blood gets filtered and another tube carries the waste...
0:05:26 > 0:05:29wee, down to this sack here which is your bladder.
0:05:29 > 0:05:32Your bladder empties when you go to the loo.
0:05:32 > 0:05:35And that's the pipe that takes away the cleaned-up blood
0:05:35 > 0:05:37and sends it back around your body.
0:05:37 > 0:05:40Right, let's have a closer look. Scalpel, please, Dr Chris.
0:05:41 > 0:05:45Now inside the kidney is where all this filtering takes place.
0:05:45 > 0:05:47There we go.
0:05:47 > 0:05:49This is done by a special thing called a nephron.
0:05:49 > 0:05:51There's about a million in each kidney and they're
0:05:51 > 0:05:53so small you can't see them.
0:05:53 > 0:05:56So, we've had to pay good money for this photo of one
0:05:56 > 0:05:58under a microscope.
0:05:58 > 0:06:01Chris, don't you just hate it when a bit of the body is
0:06:01 > 0:06:04so small that you can only see it with a microscope?
0:06:04 > 0:06:06I do, I do, I hate it,
0:06:06 > 0:06:09but luckily, I've got just this eventuality covered.
0:06:09 > 0:06:11- Oooh.- Come with me, Xand.
0:06:13 > 0:06:15Your kidneys are an amazing filtration system
0:06:15 > 0:06:17and we're going to show you.
0:06:17 > 0:06:20To do it, I've made these, two supersized kidney models,
0:06:20 > 0:06:23one for me and one for you, Xand.
0:06:23 > 0:06:25These are great.
0:06:25 > 0:06:28Finally, a kidney model that's big enough to actually see what's
0:06:28 > 0:06:30going on. I love it.
0:06:30 > 0:06:32Yeah, I thought you'd like it.
0:06:32 > 0:06:35So, we're going to use our giant-sized models to show you
0:06:35 > 0:06:38just how your real-life kidneys clean your blood.
0:06:38 > 0:06:42Now, this jar represents a single nephron inside your kidneys.
0:06:42 > 0:06:47And just like in the real kidney, Chris has put a tube bringing
0:06:47 > 0:06:51blood into the nephron here, another tube bringing cleaned-up blood out
0:06:51 > 0:06:56of the kidney, and then a third tube taking the waste away, it's amazing.
0:06:56 > 0:06:57OK. Well, thanks, Xand.
0:06:57 > 0:07:00Now, the liquid that represents your blood is here.
0:07:00 > 0:07:04It's got water and red glitter in it for a bit of colour.
0:07:04 > 0:07:07Now we're going to pump our very attractive glittery blood through
0:07:07 > 0:07:11our nephrons to give us an idea of how your kidney works in real life.
0:07:11 > 0:07:13Are you ready, Xand?
0:07:13 > 0:07:14I'm ready, Chris, let's go.
0:07:14 > 0:07:15And...pump.
0:07:17 > 0:07:20So, what you can see here is the glittery blood
0:07:20 > 0:07:22flowing into the nephron.
0:07:22 > 0:07:24And it gets filtered through the nephron
0:07:24 > 0:07:27and then the nice clean blood travels back along the renal vein,
0:07:27 > 0:07:31back to the body full of all the nice stuff your body wanted to keep.
0:07:31 > 0:07:32Chris...?
0:07:32 > 0:07:35- And everything else, the waste, comes out here...- Chris?!
0:07:35 > 0:07:38- ..out of the ureter and into the bladder.- Chris!
0:07:38 > 0:07:40My urine's darker than yours.
0:07:40 > 0:07:42Oh, so it is.
0:07:42 > 0:07:44I must have given you the dehydrated kidney.
0:07:44 > 0:07:46I wanted to show everyone what happens
0:07:46 > 0:07:48if you don't drink enough water.
0:07:48 > 0:07:49Oh, I see, clever.
0:07:49 > 0:07:52If your wee is dark in colour like this, it's a
0:07:52 > 0:07:56pretty reliable sign that your body isn't getting enough water.
0:07:56 > 0:07:58Being dehydrated is not good for you.
0:07:58 > 0:08:00Your body works best when it has enough water.
0:08:00 > 0:08:03Light-coloured wee, like on my nicely working kidney,
0:08:03 > 0:08:05is a sign that you're well hydrated.
0:08:07 > 0:08:11So, we've seen how your kidneys are an amazing filter, cleaning
0:08:11 > 0:08:14up your blood and getting rid of things your body doesn't need.
0:08:14 > 0:08:16And the wee they produce is a pretty good sign of
0:08:16 > 0:08:18whether you should be drinking more water.
0:08:18 > 0:08:20Light yellow wee is good.
0:08:20 > 0:08:23Speaking of drinking more, I'd like a glass of orange juice,
0:08:23 > 0:08:26now I have some oranges here for you to squeeze for me.
0:08:26 > 0:08:28OK, Xand.
0:08:29 > 0:08:31Wait a minute, he's forgotten the oranges.
0:08:31 > 0:08:33Chris, you've forgotten the oranges!
0:08:38 > 0:08:40In the UK, there are hundreds of rapid response medical
0:08:40 > 0:08:42teams on standby.
0:08:42 > 0:08:45And they have to get to the scene of an emergency in minutes.
0:08:45 > 0:08:47Minutes?! Oh!
0:08:52 > 0:08:55We're on call with the UK emergency services,
0:08:55 > 0:08:59showing you what it's really like on the front line, saving lives.
0:08:59 > 0:09:02On-call with me is paramedic Jan Vann.
0:09:05 > 0:09:08Today I'm with the West Midlands Ambulance Service
0:09:08 > 0:09:11and I'm in this special fast response vehicle to get
0:09:11 > 0:09:13you to the scene of an emergency fast.
0:09:14 > 0:09:16Chris...wrong vehicle.
0:09:18 > 0:09:20Yes, this...this vehicle.
0:09:20 > 0:09:23This is the one we're using, this one, like I said.
0:09:23 > 0:09:27Jan alone can do 10 to 15 emergency call-outs in a day
0:09:27 > 0:09:29and a new case is just in for a 76-year-old lady
0:09:29 > 0:09:31with a dislocated hip.
0:09:31 > 0:09:34We're almost there, It's amazing how quick Jan
0:09:34 > 0:09:37and the fast response vehicle are.
0:09:37 > 0:09:39Jan and I are quickly on the scene.
0:09:41 > 0:09:42Hello.
0:09:42 > 0:09:46Just went to move, move the cushion and it went.
0:09:46 > 0:09:48So, poor Geraldine had a hip replacement,
0:09:48 > 0:09:53so, a new hip put in, just a couple of months ago.
0:09:53 > 0:09:55But it's already been dislocated once.
0:09:55 > 0:09:57And it looks like it may have gone again.
0:09:57 > 0:10:00- The same, when I touch? - A little bit.- A little bit?
0:10:00 > 0:10:03So, when it dislocates, that means that the top of the thigh bone
0:10:03 > 0:10:05comes out of the socket on the pelvis.
0:10:05 > 0:10:09The muscles are so strong in the leg that it's impossible to put
0:10:09 > 0:10:13it back in place without putting her under anaesthetic, so
0:10:13 > 0:10:16she is going to have to go back in and have a very small operation.
0:10:16 > 0:10:19And in the meantime, Jan can assess her and make sure there's no
0:10:19 > 0:10:22damage to any of the nerves or blood vessels, and totally reassure
0:10:22 > 0:10:25her, make sure she's safe before she goes into hospital.
0:10:25 > 0:10:26Hello, there, come on in.
0:10:26 > 0:10:29In no time at all, the ambulance has arrived to take Geraldine
0:10:29 > 0:10:30to hospital.
0:10:30 > 0:10:33We've got to do it all without causing her too much pain,
0:10:33 > 0:10:36so that's why we've got this chair.
0:10:36 > 0:10:39She's being phenomenally tough but this is not going to be comfortable.
0:10:39 > 0:10:42- That's it.- And after some careful manoeuvring...
0:10:42 > 0:10:43I've got you. I've got you.
0:10:43 > 0:10:45..Geraldine is on her way.
0:10:48 > 0:10:52So, a hip dislocation is just a phenomenally painful thing,
0:10:52 > 0:10:56but the amazing skill of Jan and the other paramedics is to get her onto
0:10:56 > 0:11:00that chair and into the ambulance without really increasing the pain.
0:11:00 > 0:11:03And then she can get to hospital and have the problem fixed.
0:11:07 > 0:11:08Still to come...
0:11:08 > 0:11:10We have more tricks for your mind.
0:11:10 > 0:11:11Give me a high five.
0:11:13 > 0:11:14Chris is getting nosey.
0:11:14 > 0:11:17Do you know why your body makes boogers?
0:11:17 > 0:11:19And I need some help crossing the road.
0:11:19 > 0:11:21Where is, where is the car?
0:11:23 > 0:11:25Remember Jude with the stone in his ear?
0:11:25 > 0:11:28Could be a rocky road to recovery.
0:11:31 > 0:11:33Let's find out how he's getting on.
0:11:36 > 0:11:40Back in Sheffield, six-year-old Jude has a stone stuck in his ear.
0:11:40 > 0:11:42It was circle time at school.
0:11:42 > 0:11:46Jude was daydreaming he was a tiny explorer in a carpet jungle
0:11:46 > 0:11:48playing chase with a stone.
0:11:48 > 0:11:51No, he wasn't, Xand. That was your fantasy, not Jude's.
0:11:51 > 0:11:54He just picked up the stone and popped it in his ear.
0:11:54 > 0:11:56The stone is in my ear still.
0:11:56 > 0:11:59Earlier, the doctor tried to vacuum it out
0:11:59 > 0:12:01but the stubborn stone wouldn't budge.
0:12:01 > 0:12:05So Jude and Mum are back for a second go.
0:12:05 > 0:12:08And here to try and rope in the rocky rascal is ear specialist
0:12:08 > 0:12:09Mr Showkat Mirza.
0:12:09 > 0:12:12- Shall we have a look at your ears, Jude?- Yeah.
0:12:12 > 0:12:13- Would that be OK?- Yeah.
0:12:13 > 0:12:16Mr Mirza looks for the lost stone.
0:12:16 > 0:12:19And he looks and he looks.
0:12:19 > 0:12:20What does he see, Chris?
0:12:20 > 0:12:23It looked like he had a piece of wax deep in the ear.
0:12:23 > 0:12:26So, there's so much wax in there it's hard to see anything.
0:12:26 > 0:12:28But Mr Mirza has something for that.
0:12:28 > 0:12:31So, I'm going to give you some drops for your ears, help clean them out.
0:12:31 > 0:12:33It might even loosen whatever's in the ear
0:12:33 > 0:12:36and then it all comes out, yeah?
0:12:36 > 0:12:39- Right, say thank you, then, to the doctor.- Thank you.- You're welcome.
0:12:39 > 0:12:41So Jude, whatever happened to that stone?
0:12:41 > 0:12:43I don't know.
0:12:43 > 0:12:46Jude heads home and hopefully the ear drops will work
0:12:46 > 0:12:47and clear that ear.
0:12:48 > 0:12:50And the very next morning.
0:12:52 > 0:12:55That stone came out of my ear.
0:12:56 > 0:12:59Whilst Jude was asleep, my husband basically pulled the stone
0:12:59 > 0:13:02out of the ear.
0:13:02 > 0:13:06The ear drops worked and dad was on hand to retrieve the stone.
0:13:06 > 0:13:08He's good at fixing things.
0:13:10 > 0:13:12BOTH DOCTORS: Bye, Jude. Bye, stone.
0:13:12 > 0:13:14Bye-bye.
0:13:18 > 0:13:21- Now we're going to mess with your minds...- It's weird.
0:13:21 > 0:13:23..scramble your senses...
0:13:23 > 0:13:24and baffle your brain.
0:13:25 > 0:13:28In Mindbenders.
0:13:28 > 0:13:30Now, Xand, are you hungry? Have you eaten lunch?
0:13:30 > 0:13:32I have eaten lunch, Chris,
0:13:32 > 0:13:34but there is always room for a little something more.
0:13:34 > 0:13:37Well, that is good, Xand, cos I have a small treat for you.
0:13:37 > 0:13:39A treat, well, what is it?
0:13:39 > 0:13:40This...
0:13:40 > 0:13:42A single butterbean.
0:13:42 > 0:13:43How is that a treat?
0:13:43 > 0:13:45Well, you said you only had room for something small
0:13:45 > 0:13:47and anyway, this is a magic bean.
0:13:47 > 0:13:49A magic bean?
0:13:50 > 0:13:52In order to get this bean, Xand,
0:13:52 > 0:13:55you have to take part in today's mind-bending experiment.
0:13:57 > 0:13:59This is a very simple game.
0:13:59 > 0:14:01There are three beans, one on each cup.
0:14:01 > 0:14:03When I say so, you are going to put those three
0:14:03 > 0:14:05beans into the other cup, OK?
0:14:05 > 0:14:08Ready? Three, two, one...go.
0:14:12 > 0:14:13Yes.
0:14:13 > 0:14:16So that took you four and a half seconds, all right?
0:14:16 > 0:14:18Now, I want you to put on the glasses that you can see
0:14:18 > 0:14:21on the table.
0:14:21 > 0:14:24- Now, do these look like normal glasses?- KIDS:- No.
0:14:24 > 0:14:26No, they look a bit weird, don't they?
0:14:26 > 0:14:29These vision-shifting glasses make everything appear
0:14:29 > 0:14:31further to the left than it actually is.
0:14:31 > 0:14:34So, let's try with my funky new specs.
0:14:34 > 0:14:37Are you ready? Three, two, one...go.
0:14:37 > 0:14:40Come on, Dr Xand. Come on.
0:14:40 > 0:14:44Oh, come on, come on, come on. Come on.
0:14:44 > 0:14:46Hurry, Xand, hurry, Xand.
0:14:46 > 0:14:48And get it, get it, get it.
0:14:48 > 0:14:50- Oh, that was pretty bad. - Did I do well?
0:14:50 > 0:14:52Ten seconds. Ten seconds.
0:14:52 > 0:14:54We repeat the experiment twice more.
0:14:54 > 0:14:56Come on, Xandy.
0:14:56 > 0:14:58And I complete it faster each time.
0:14:58 > 0:14:59Oh, four and a half seconds.
0:14:59 > 0:15:02He's now as quick with the glasses as he was without the glasses.
0:15:02 > 0:15:05Now, let's try it again without the glasses.
0:15:05 > 0:15:07Go. Come on, Xand.
0:15:07 > 0:15:10So, everything should be back to normal, right? Wrong.
0:15:10 > 0:15:13- Ah, Xand, you're rubbish at this. - What did I get?
0:15:13 > 0:15:14That took you seven seconds.
0:15:14 > 0:15:17So, Xand was actually worse at the end without the glasses.
0:15:17 > 0:15:19Let's see how this lot get on.
0:15:19 > 0:15:24OK, are they nice and tight? Give me a high five.
0:15:24 > 0:15:26Go. Come on, Shona, let's go.
0:15:26 > 0:15:29Just like Xand, our volunteers have trouble.
0:15:31 > 0:15:34But get faster after a few goes.
0:15:34 > 0:15:36Getting better. Oh, look at that.
0:15:36 > 0:15:37With the glasses off...
0:15:37 > 0:15:38Go!
0:15:38 > 0:15:42How will they do now? The class are still struggling.
0:15:44 > 0:15:46You were slower without the glasses.
0:15:47 > 0:15:50Who thinks they understand now what's happening?
0:15:50 > 0:15:54I think the brain is trying to get used to a different
0:15:54 > 0:15:58way of looking at things, but if you take the glasses off then
0:15:58 > 0:16:00it's kind of like you try and get in focus.
0:16:00 > 0:16:02Naomi is almost right.
0:16:02 > 0:16:05These glasses shift everything in Xand's visual world a little
0:16:05 > 0:16:07bit to the left and that means when he puts them on,
0:16:07 > 0:16:12his brain has to rewire itself so that this new world appears normal.
0:16:12 > 0:16:15But then, when he takes them off, he has to re-rewire his brain
0:16:15 > 0:16:19in order than his normal visual world appears normal once again.
0:16:19 > 0:16:21So, this shows how quickly your brain adapts to
0:16:21 > 0:16:23the changes around you.
0:16:23 > 0:16:26I must say, Chris, after that I feel absolutely full of beans.
0:16:26 > 0:16:29I mean, it's "bean" amazing.
0:16:29 > 0:16:32Xand, I think that's enough with the bean puns.
0:16:32 > 0:16:35I mean, you could almost say, when you explained it to everyone
0:16:35 > 0:16:37at the end, that you had to... spill the beans.
0:16:42 > 0:16:46Now, did you know skin is your body's largest organ?
0:16:46 > 0:16:49It has a surface area of roughly two square metres.
0:16:49 > 0:16:51That's about the size of a bedsheet.
0:16:57 > 0:17:01We're at a theme park to solve your medical mysteries.
0:17:01 > 0:17:05Xand is preparing the Ouch-mobile ready for his first patient.
0:17:05 > 0:17:07And Chris is Ouch & About in the park
0:17:07 > 0:17:09to answer your burning questions.
0:17:09 > 0:17:11Wow, I'm impressed.
0:17:12 > 0:17:15- Next patient, please. - Hello, Dr Xand.
0:17:15 > 0:17:19First into the clinic, is Rosie, who's asking about her arms.
0:17:19 > 0:17:21So Rosie, why have you come to the Ouch-mobile?
0:17:21 > 0:17:24I've got some bumpy chicken skin on my arms and I want to know why.
0:17:24 > 0:17:26It sounds like a case of...
0:17:29 > 0:17:33Would you mind opening the eyelid for the Ouch-cam?
0:17:33 > 0:17:34That's good.
0:17:35 > 0:17:37Oh, yeah, look, Rosie's arm is red and bumpy.
0:17:37 > 0:17:41I've had this since I was born and I don't know, really, much about it.
0:17:41 > 0:17:44Do you know the actual name for this condition?
0:17:46 > 0:17:47That's right.
0:17:47 > 0:17:51Now, Keratosis refers to the idea of keratin, which is a protein
0:17:51 > 0:17:52which covers your skin.
0:17:52 > 0:17:54And keratin's a very tough protein,
0:17:54 > 0:17:56so it's what fingernails are made of,
0:17:56 > 0:17:57it's what rhino's horns are made of.
0:17:57 > 0:18:01And you can see those bits of dry skin there,
0:18:01 > 0:18:03all that flaky stuff, that's keratin.
0:18:03 > 0:18:07Now, the keratin can block pores and follicles,
0:18:07 > 0:18:11these little openings in your skin, and that causes bumps.
0:18:11 > 0:18:14It's important to say this isn't a disease or an illness,
0:18:14 > 0:18:17it's just a common, normal part of being a human being.
0:18:17 > 0:18:20Most people at some point in their life get some of it.
0:18:20 > 0:18:22So, Rosie, thank you very much for bringing your amazing
0:18:22 > 0:18:23arms to the Ouch-mobile.
0:18:23 > 0:18:26Thank you for having me.
0:18:26 > 0:18:29Away from the clinic, Chris is Ouch & About in the park.
0:18:29 > 0:18:31Any questions? Medical questions.
0:18:31 > 0:18:33What are boogers made out of?
0:18:33 > 0:18:35So, do you know why your body makes boogers?
0:18:35 > 0:18:39It's to trap dust and insects and germs as you breathe them in,
0:18:39 > 0:18:41so they don't get into your lungs.
0:18:41 > 0:18:44So, it's just a sticky mess made of protein
0:18:44 > 0:18:47and everything that you inhale sticks to it.
0:18:48 > 0:18:51Back at the Ouch-mobile there's a new case in the waiting room.
0:18:51 > 0:18:53Next patient, please.
0:18:53 > 0:18:56And it's nine-year-old Jamie with a tale about his tum.
0:18:58 > 0:19:01I have got an interesting scar on my tummy.
0:19:01 > 0:19:03It sounds like a case of...
0:19:05 > 0:19:08- Now, can we have a look?- Yeah.
0:19:08 > 0:19:11So, what I want you to do, is lift up the eye for the Ouch-cam.
0:19:13 > 0:19:16Jamie had an operation to take out a hernia a few years ago.
0:19:16 > 0:19:19- Do you have any questions? - Yeah, what is a hernia?
0:19:19 > 0:19:25What a hernia really is, is a little bit of the stuff that's in your
0:19:25 > 0:19:32tummy, all inside here, your guts, poking through a hole in your wall.
0:19:32 > 0:19:35So, it's sitting under his skin, not hanging out, but still
0:19:35 > 0:19:38creating a lump, cos it's in a space where it shouldn't be.
0:19:38 > 0:19:40Now that didn't cause you any problems,
0:19:40 > 0:19:43so you think why do we need to do the hernia operation?
0:19:43 > 0:19:46The reason we do the operation, is because, occasionally,
0:19:46 > 0:19:47it can get twisted.
0:19:47 > 0:19:50If you twist your guts, guess what?
0:19:50 > 0:19:53The food can't get through, your guts get blocked up,
0:19:53 > 0:19:54it gets very painful.
0:19:54 > 0:19:57So we do the hernia operation to prevent you needing
0:19:57 > 0:19:58an emergency operation.
0:19:58 > 0:20:01Jamie, thank you very much for bringing in your cool scar
0:20:01 > 0:20:03and your interesting hernia story.
0:20:03 > 0:20:05Thank you, Dr Xand.
0:20:06 > 0:20:08Job done for today. Clinic closed.
0:20:12 > 0:20:16Your body is amazing, but sometimes it needs fixing.
0:20:16 > 0:20:19All over the UK, there are special teams of professionals
0:20:19 > 0:20:22trained to tackle medical mysteries.
0:20:22 > 0:20:27There are around 25,000 blind or partially sighted kids in the UK.
0:20:27 > 0:20:30Now, there are lots of different ways of being partially sighted.
0:20:30 > 0:20:33Some kids will have a part of their vision missing entirely,
0:20:33 > 0:20:34that's called a blind spot.
0:20:34 > 0:20:38For other kids, their vision will look fuzzy or out of focus.
0:20:38 > 0:20:41This can make everyday activities, such as texting or
0:20:41 > 0:20:44walking down the street, less simple than they seem.
0:20:44 > 0:20:47I've come to meet ten-year-old Ryan.
0:20:47 > 0:20:50- Hi, Dr Chris, come in. - Thank you.
0:20:50 > 0:20:51Ryan is partially sighted.
0:20:51 > 0:20:55Everything looks blurry to him and it's worse in his right eye.
0:20:55 > 0:20:59- Now, because you've got so much less vision in that eye...- Yeah.
0:20:59 > 0:21:01Do you find, what we call depth perception, difficult?
0:21:01 > 0:21:05Yes. I actually have none.
0:21:05 > 0:21:08Depth perception allows you to judge how far away things are.
0:21:08 > 0:21:11Can you get your fingers in front of your eyes and put them
0:21:11 > 0:21:12together like that?
0:21:15 > 0:21:16No.
0:21:16 > 0:21:18You can try that at home.
0:21:18 > 0:21:20Try and bring your fingers together and touch them.
0:21:20 > 0:21:23You need both eyes working together.
0:21:23 > 0:21:26If I close my eye, it's much, much harder.
0:21:26 > 0:21:27Lack of depth perception
0:21:27 > 0:21:30makes everyday activities a bit more difficult.
0:21:30 > 0:21:33Luckily for Ryan, there are people like Sharon,
0:21:33 > 0:21:36from the charity, Blind Children UK, to help.
0:21:36 > 0:21:39- Has Sharon been helpful for you? - Yes.
0:21:39 > 0:21:40What's she been showing you?
0:21:40 > 0:21:45How to cross roads and how to cook and make drinks.
0:21:45 > 0:21:48Ryan's carrying a cane to let other people know that he's
0:21:48 > 0:21:49partially sighted.
0:21:49 > 0:21:53And he uses parked vehicles, as they offer some protection whilst
0:21:53 > 0:21:55allowing him to take up a good seeing
0:21:55 > 0:21:56and hearing position on the road.
0:21:56 > 0:21:59- Do you want to show me how to cross the road?- OK.
0:21:59 > 0:22:01Well, first we'll feel if the engine's on or off.
0:22:01 > 0:22:03OK.
0:22:03 > 0:22:05We make sure it's off and we stand at the front,
0:22:05 > 0:22:07so if the driver is in it, he'll see us.
0:22:07 > 0:22:11Yeah, and so if he reverses we won't get flattened, either.
0:22:11 > 0:22:14Right. So this is all about not getting flattened.
0:22:14 > 0:22:16Yes.
0:22:16 > 0:22:17No flattening.
0:22:17 > 0:22:21Now, we're going to use our hand to trail along to the edge of the car.
0:22:22 > 0:22:25- So down, good. - So, now, what do we do, Ryan?
0:22:25 > 0:22:29We are going to look and listen for a car.
0:22:29 > 0:22:32- So what do you think, are we safe to cross?- No.
0:22:32 > 0:22:34- Aren't we?- No.
0:22:34 > 0:22:37Oh, look at that, Ryan's completely right.
0:22:37 > 0:22:39I would have crossed the road.
0:22:39 > 0:22:41Ryan just heard a car before I did,
0:22:41 > 0:22:43that I would have just walked out in front of.
0:22:43 > 0:22:44How about now? Are we safe to cross?
0:22:44 > 0:22:48- Yes.- Off we go.
0:22:48 > 0:22:52Ryan relies on his hearing as compensation for his lack of vision.
0:22:52 > 0:22:53- Great job.- Thank you.
0:22:53 > 0:22:56How about a high five. Life saved.
0:22:56 > 0:22:59Chris, would you like to know what it's like to just use your hearing?
0:22:59 > 0:23:01Yeah, I would. Oh, an eye mask.
0:23:01 > 0:23:03Thank you very much.
0:23:03 > 0:23:06Of course, I'm not actually going to cross the road,
0:23:06 > 0:23:07as that would be dangerous.
0:23:07 > 0:23:09Also, Ryan is very used to his condition,
0:23:09 > 0:23:12so I reckon I'm at an disadvantage here.
0:23:13 > 0:23:14Where is... where is the car?
0:23:14 > 0:23:16Here we go, OK I've got the car.
0:23:19 > 0:23:21I can definitely hear a car now.
0:23:25 > 0:23:28I absolutely cannot tell what's a car coming toward us,
0:23:28 > 0:23:30what's that car going away.
0:23:30 > 0:23:33I would say it is now safe to cross.
0:23:33 > 0:23:37- It is safe to cross. - It is safe to cross, OK.
0:23:37 > 0:23:39I have to say, I do not feel confident, even with you
0:23:39 > 0:23:40and Ryan advising me.
0:23:41 > 0:23:45There are other practical things that can help Ryan be more
0:23:45 > 0:23:47independent as well, like gadgets.
0:23:47 > 0:23:49So, Ryan, what are we doing here?
0:23:49 > 0:23:53Learning how to use a liquid level indicator.
0:23:53 > 0:23:55A liquid level indicator.
0:23:56 > 0:23:59As the water gets near the rim the emitter lets off a beep to
0:23:59 > 0:24:02let Ryan know the glass is almost full.
0:24:02 > 0:24:04- BEEPING - Oh, hello.
0:24:04 > 0:24:07The indicator then makes a second faster beep when the liquid
0:24:07 > 0:24:11reaches the top of the glass and that's useful for adding squash.
0:24:11 > 0:24:13- Here.- Oh, wow, now we're really about to spill.
0:24:13 > 0:24:15FASTER BEEPING
0:24:15 > 0:24:17Is this your kind of music?
0:24:17 > 0:24:19Yeah.
0:24:19 > 0:24:22That is literally the worst dance tune I've ever heard.
0:24:22 > 0:24:24Yeah.
0:24:24 > 0:24:28It's easy to forget how much we use our eyes for even the smallest
0:24:28 > 0:24:32things and for blind or partially sighted kids, like Ryan, these
0:24:32 > 0:24:34little things can be really tricky.
0:24:34 > 0:24:37Luckily with gadgets and special mobility training,
0:24:37 > 0:24:39Ryan can get on with the more important things in life,
0:24:39 > 0:24:44like dancing to the sound of his liquid level indicator.
0:24:47 > 0:24:49In accident and emergency, there's another
0:24:49 > 0:24:51patient in need of some help.
0:24:51 > 0:24:53- Let's go and meet him. - Tim? He's called Mohammed.
0:24:56 > 0:24:59In Liverpool, nine-year-old Mohammed, is in accident
0:24:59 > 0:25:01and emergency after a fall at a fairground.
0:25:02 > 0:25:05I fell and twisted my leg.
0:25:05 > 0:25:09Let's find out more about Mohammed's agonising injury.
0:25:09 > 0:25:11It was a beautiful sunny day.
0:25:11 > 0:25:13Hang on, Chris, wasn't it the school holidays?
0:25:13 > 0:25:15- Oh, yeah.- That's better.
0:25:15 > 0:25:20Perfect. So, Mohammed and his family went to the local funfair.
0:25:20 > 0:25:23Oh, look, there's candyfloss, my favourite.
0:25:23 > 0:25:24There are lots of rides, too.
0:25:24 > 0:25:28Can we go on the carousel? Or the pirate ship?
0:25:28 > 0:25:29Xander, we're not there.
0:25:29 > 0:25:33Mohammed is, and he's on a bouncy castle slide.
0:25:33 > 0:25:34Whee!
0:25:34 > 0:25:37He was having great fun bouncing up and down the slide,
0:25:37 > 0:25:41but then he bounced off the bottom and twisted his leg when he landed.
0:25:41 > 0:25:43Ouch!
0:25:43 > 0:25:44It hurts a lot.
0:25:44 > 0:25:48Here to delve a little deeper, is consultant, Mr Andrew Dapaah.
0:25:48 > 0:25:50Where is it most painful?
0:25:50 > 0:25:52On the top, here.
0:25:52 > 0:25:55Mr Dapaah checks how much movement Mohammed has in his leg.
0:25:55 > 0:25:57Can you just move your toes for me?
0:25:57 > 0:26:00- OK.- Yeah, very good.
0:26:00 > 0:26:03Can you move your whole foot up a little bit?
0:26:03 > 0:26:05He's not managing to move it much there, Chris.
0:26:05 > 0:26:07- Is that painful?- Yeah.- OK.
0:26:07 > 0:26:12Mohammed has had some X-rays and it's clear there's a nasty break.
0:26:12 > 0:26:14Our X-rays have shown that he's got what
0:26:14 > 0:26:17we call a spiral fracture of his...
0:26:17 > 0:26:19Just at the bottom of his leg.
0:26:19 > 0:26:22Mohammed has a spiral fracture of the tibia,
0:26:22 > 0:26:24the big bone in his lower leg.
0:26:24 > 0:26:29A spiral fracture is caused by a twisting force along the bone.
0:26:29 > 0:26:32This kind of fracture is different, because the break is circular,
0:26:32 > 0:26:34not straight.
0:26:34 > 0:26:36Mohammed, you're doing fantastic, well done.
0:26:36 > 0:26:39So, now, Mohammed's getting a temporary cast called a back
0:26:39 > 0:26:41slab, so if his leg swells up, it won't get squashed.
0:26:42 > 0:26:45OK, you're all done there, mister.
0:26:45 > 0:26:48And then it's off to X-ray to make sure the cast is holding
0:26:48 > 0:26:50the bones in the correct position.
0:26:50 > 0:26:53Nice and still. Lovely, all done.
0:26:53 > 0:26:55And the verdict from the new X-ray?
0:26:55 > 0:26:58That all looks fine.
0:26:58 > 0:27:01I've chatted to my bosses about it, so we'll let you go home
0:27:01 > 0:27:05and then we'll see you back in a few days.
0:27:05 > 0:27:07- Is that all right? - OK, yeah.
0:27:07 > 0:27:09And have we learned any lessons, Mohammed?
0:27:09 > 0:27:13I won't be going on a bouncy castle slide any more...
0:27:13 > 0:27:15Ever again.
0:27:15 > 0:27:16Fair enough.
0:27:17 > 0:27:21Mohammed's cast will be swapped in a few days for a full plaster one,
0:27:21 > 0:27:24but, for now, Mohammed and his temporary set of wheels
0:27:24 > 0:27:28- are off home. - Bye, Mohammed.- Bye.
0:27:28 > 0:27:30Next time on Operation Ouch...
0:27:30 > 0:27:32Meet our tiny new lab assistant.
0:27:32 > 0:27:34I've got mini-Xand to help me.
0:27:36 > 0:27:38More brains are baffled in Mindbenders.
0:27:38 > 0:27:40That's crazy.
0:27:40 > 0:27:44And find out how scientists fight infectious disease.
0:27:44 > 0:27:46I'm about to show you how we do it.
0:27:48 > 0:27:50So, we'll see you next time.
0:27:50 > 0:27:52For more Operation Ouch!
0:27:52 > 0:27:56Chris, wait for me!
0:28:00 > 0:28:03Chris, would you like another glass of orange juice?
0:28:03 > 0:28:04Yes.
0:28:08 > 0:28:10Mmm! Smooth.