0:00:24 > 0:00:26- I'm Dr Chris.- And I'm Dr Xand.
0:00:26 > 0:00:28- We are identical twins.- Twins!
0:00:28 > 0:00:32'Do you know your body does loads of amazing things every day
0:00:32 > 0:00:34'without you even realising it?'
0:00:34 > 0:00:36Welcome to my poo factory.
0:00:36 > 0:00:39'We're going to show you how.'
0:00:39 > 0:00:40Smell my armpits!
0:00:40 > 0:00:42'We've got gobsmacking experiments...'
0:00:42 > 0:00:44Wow!
0:00:44 > 0:00:46'..mind-bending body tricks...'
0:00:46 > 0:00:49- THEY LAUGH - '..and real medical mysteries...'
0:00:49 > 0:00:51It's tickling the tip of my nose.
0:00:51 > 0:00:55'So, are you ready to see what you're made of?'
0:00:55 > 0:00:57- Coming...- Up...- Today...- On...
0:00:57 > 0:00:58- Operation...- Ouch!
0:01:01 > 0:01:04'Find out what happens inside your body when you eat.
0:01:04 > 0:01:06'I'm on call with a rapid response team...'
0:01:06 > 0:01:09I'm not moving you off this sofa until you're pain-free.
0:01:09 > 0:01:11'..and Xand goes too far in mind-benders...'
0:01:11 > 0:01:14Bar, far.
0:01:14 > 0:01:15That's crazy.
0:01:15 > 0:01:17'..but first...'
0:01:17 > 0:01:21Accident and Emergency is the hospital department of surprises.
0:01:21 > 0:01:24And there's nothing more surprising than this case.
0:01:24 > 0:01:27'Waiting in Alder Hey Accident and Emergency with her mum
0:01:27 > 0:01:30'is five-year-old Erin with a pinkie that's not too perky.'
0:01:30 > 0:01:34It feels a little bit painful
0:01:34 > 0:01:36and I can't get them all together.
0:01:36 > 0:01:38Oh, dear! What happened there, then?
0:01:39 > 0:01:43Erin was playing with her friends, Lily, Harry and George.
0:01:43 > 0:01:45Sounds fun.
0:01:45 > 0:01:46They were climbing.
0:01:46 > 0:01:48- Ooh, climbing a mountain?- No, Xand.
0:01:48 > 0:01:51- Climbing the walls?- No, Xand. They were climbing the stairs.
0:01:51 > 0:01:55Uh-oh! Everyone knows not to play on the stairs.
0:01:56 > 0:01:59The boys were trying to stop the girls from getting past,
0:01:59 > 0:02:02but in the scuffle, Erin's little finger got pulled back.
0:02:02 > 0:02:04Ouch! SIREN WAILS
0:02:04 > 0:02:07- I can't even bend it. - That's no good.
0:02:08 > 0:02:11Best get that funny finger checked out with an X-ray.
0:02:11 > 0:02:13Nice and still for me like a statue.
0:02:14 > 0:02:16Excellent, OK.
0:02:16 > 0:02:18Whilst waiting for her X-ray results,
0:02:18 > 0:02:20Erin's doing what all poorly people do.
0:02:20 > 0:02:22MUSIC: Gangnam Style by Psy
0:02:22 > 0:02:24Yes, she's dancing.
0:02:24 > 0:02:27Well, she's a better dancer than you, Chris.
0:02:28 > 0:02:29She certainly is.
0:02:30 > 0:02:31That's enough now, Erin.
0:02:31 > 0:02:33Time to hand over to Nurse Practitioner
0:02:33 > 0:02:35Julia Maxted to check out
0:02:35 > 0:02:37that painful pinkie.
0:02:37 > 0:02:41So, first of all, your shoulder and your elbow, are they all OK?
0:02:41 > 0:02:43- You can move those around?- Yeah. - You bet she can.
0:02:43 > 0:02:48MUSIC: Gangnam Style by Psy
0:02:48 > 0:02:50- It's sore there, OK. - ERIN INHALES SHARPLY
0:02:50 > 0:02:52- That's... There. - Is that the worst bit?
0:02:52 > 0:02:54OK, do you know what we need to do now?
0:02:54 > 0:02:56- What?- Have a little look at your X-ray.
0:02:56 > 0:02:58That doesn't look good.
0:02:58 > 0:03:03So, what's happened is it's broken and then it's gone a bit crooked.
0:03:03 > 0:03:05That's why it's sticking out.
0:03:05 > 0:03:08What we need to do is to try and pull it back into a better position
0:03:08 > 0:03:10so that it's not sticking out
0:03:10 > 0:03:13so that then it'll heal in the right position.
0:03:13 > 0:03:15And so what I think we'll probably do is get you
0:03:15 > 0:03:17some special laughing gas.
0:03:17 > 0:03:21Laughing gas will help relieve the pain Erin's in, especially
0:03:21 > 0:03:23when straightening that finger.
0:03:23 > 0:03:25I want to get the giggles.
0:03:25 > 0:03:29Find out later if Erin does get the giggles and that finger gets fixed.
0:03:33 > 0:03:36'Ready to see some amazing experiments?'
0:03:36 > 0:03:38Yes! A triumph.
0:03:38 > 0:03:42We're going to show you how your incredible body works.
0:03:42 > 0:03:45Just don't try anything you see here at home.
0:03:45 > 0:03:48Today, we're looking at how we power our bodies.
0:03:48 > 0:03:52Now, this experiment is to show you what happens inside your body
0:03:52 > 0:03:53every time you eat.
0:03:53 > 0:03:55Now, Xand, what I need you to do is take that tube
0:03:55 > 0:03:59and when I give you the instruction "blow", I want you to blow into it.
0:03:59 > 0:04:01On blow, I go.
0:04:01 > 0:04:03That's right, you go on blow.
0:04:04 > 0:04:07HE COUGHS
0:04:07 > 0:04:09- Xand, why did you do that? - You said blow.
0:04:09 > 0:04:11Now we have to set it all up again.
0:04:12 > 0:04:14For this experiment, we're using
0:04:14 > 0:04:17lycopodium powder to represent food.
0:04:17 > 0:04:19OK, Xand, blowtorch on.
0:04:21 > 0:04:23- Are you ready, Xand?- Ready.
0:04:23 > 0:04:24Blow.
0:04:25 > 0:04:27- Wow!- Whoa!
0:04:29 > 0:04:30'So what's going on?'
0:04:30 > 0:04:34The lycopodium powder has mixed with the air breathed out by Xand,
0:04:34 > 0:04:37been ignited by the flame causing a chemical reaction,
0:04:37 > 0:04:39which releases lots of energy.
0:04:39 > 0:04:42Now, although there's no fire inside you,
0:04:42 > 0:04:45chemically, this is what happens in your body when you eat.
0:04:45 > 0:04:47Your food is fuel, just like the lycopodium powder,
0:04:47 > 0:04:50it mixes with the oxygen and releases energy,
0:04:50 > 0:04:53which is what allows you to do all sorts of things,
0:04:53 > 0:04:56whether it's just breathing or running around.
0:04:56 > 0:04:57But how much energy do you need
0:04:57 > 0:05:01and is there such a thing as too much? Well, we're going to find out.
0:05:06 > 0:05:08Your body is a bit like an engine,
0:05:08 > 0:05:10so it needs fuel for all the things it has to do.
0:05:10 > 0:05:13To show you what I mean, I've rigged up a simple engine system
0:05:13 > 0:05:15- and I'm going to need Xand's body. - What?
0:05:15 > 0:05:17Well, no problem at all, Chris.
0:05:17 > 0:05:21My body is ready at the service of science. For many years, I've...
0:05:21 > 0:05:23Actually, Xand, I don't need that body.
0:05:23 > 0:05:25What? But you just said...
0:05:25 > 0:05:27I've got mini Xand to help me.
0:05:27 > 0:05:30What? You've clamped his legs?
0:05:30 > 0:05:33Is that a wire in the back of his head?
0:05:33 > 0:05:34What is going on?
0:05:34 > 0:05:36Mini Xand is hooked up to an engine system,
0:05:36 > 0:05:39which represents what your body does with the food and drink
0:05:39 > 0:05:40that you consume.
0:05:42 > 0:05:44- I can do what he's doing.- Stop it.
0:05:44 > 0:05:48When you eat and drink, your body uses it to create energy.
0:05:48 > 0:05:49So, with this engine,
0:05:49 > 0:05:52this hose full of water represents your food and drink.
0:05:52 > 0:05:55And when I squirt it onto the wheel, the wheel will turn,
0:05:55 > 0:05:59creating energy, which is sent to the light bulb on mini Xand's head,
0:05:59 > 0:06:03- which represents his energy levels. - OK. So, what now?
0:06:03 > 0:06:05Well, we're going to see what happens
0:06:05 > 0:06:09when different amounts of the fuel are pumped through to mini Xand.
0:06:09 > 0:06:11First, this is what happens to mini Xand
0:06:11 > 0:06:14when he eats just the right amount of energy.
0:06:14 > 0:06:17It's a bit like if you eat a decent breakfast, lunch and dinner.
0:06:19 > 0:06:21You can see we have a nice balance,
0:06:21 > 0:06:24mini Xand's light is on and everything is working perfectly.
0:06:24 > 0:06:27Your body takes the fuel and turns it into the right
0:06:27 > 0:06:29amount of energy you need for an average day.
0:06:29 > 0:06:34But what about if mini Xand has had a really busy day
0:06:34 > 0:06:35and he forgot to eat lunch.
0:06:35 > 0:06:36That does happen.
0:06:36 > 0:06:39Good question, Xand. Well, let's find out.
0:06:39 > 0:06:43Now I'm putting less water on the wheel and it's not spinning,
0:06:43 > 0:06:45so the light bulb isn't coming on.
0:06:45 > 0:06:47- This is not good.- Exactly.
0:06:47 > 0:06:50That's what happens if you don't eat enough.
0:06:50 > 0:06:52Your poor body has no energy to do what it needs to.
0:06:52 > 0:06:54And as a result, you feel tired
0:06:54 > 0:06:57and it can mean your body won't be able to perform
0:06:57 > 0:06:59all its functions properly.
0:06:59 > 0:07:00That could make him ill.
0:07:00 > 0:07:03I think you need to give him some more fuel right now, Chris.
0:07:03 > 0:07:06Yes, but I think we also need to see what happens
0:07:06 > 0:07:07if you eat or drink too much,
0:07:07 > 0:07:09like that extra chocolate biscuit
0:07:09 > 0:07:12I saw you eating earlier, Xand. Let's have a look.
0:07:13 > 0:07:18So, now there's plenty of energy to power mini Xand and his light bulb.
0:07:18 > 0:07:19'But we're putting so much fuel in,
0:07:19 > 0:07:21'it's getting fuller than it should be.'
0:07:21 > 0:07:25Exactly, and that's what happens when you eat more than you need to.
0:07:25 > 0:07:29Your body has to find something to do with all that excess fuel.
0:07:29 > 0:07:33Something tells me mini Xand is about to change.
0:07:33 > 0:07:35Well, the excess fuel creates unused energy,
0:07:35 > 0:07:37which gets turned into fat cells.
0:07:37 > 0:07:40Mini Xand is becoming overweight.
0:07:40 > 0:07:43Oh, no! Poor mini Xand.
0:07:44 > 0:07:46So, we've seen how when you drink and eat food,
0:07:46 > 0:07:49your body combines it with oxygen to create energy
0:07:49 > 0:07:52and that energy fuels the things you do every day.
0:07:52 > 0:07:55But it's important to get the balance right
0:07:55 > 0:07:57between what goes in and what you use.
0:07:57 > 0:07:59Too little and you can become underweight.
0:07:59 > 0:08:01Too much and you can become overweight.
0:08:01 > 0:08:05But unlike mini Xand, no-one becomes too thin or too fat overnight.
0:08:05 > 0:08:08It takes a long time to happen, so as long as you keep things
0:08:08 > 0:08:11balanced most of the time, your body will be happy.
0:08:11 > 0:08:14And of course, if you hadn't clamped mini Xand's legs,
0:08:14 > 0:08:18he'd have been able to do some exercise and he'd have been fine.
0:08:18 > 0:08:21- What are you doing? - I'm taking mini Xand for a run.
0:08:21 > 0:08:24But first, I'm going to buy him some decent gym gear -
0:08:24 > 0:08:27a jazzy sports top, some good shorts, some sweat bands,
0:08:27 > 0:08:29a pair of decent trainers...
0:08:31 > 0:08:34MUSIC: Jump by Kris Kross
0:08:34 > 0:08:36Xand, I thought you were kidding.
0:08:41 > 0:08:43We're on call with the UK emergency services
0:08:43 > 0:08:47showing you what it's really like on the front line saving lives.
0:08:48 > 0:08:51On call with me is paramedic Jan Vann.
0:08:51 > 0:08:54Today, I'm heading out to show you what it's like to be
0:08:54 > 0:08:56first on the scene of a medical emergency.
0:08:56 > 0:09:00- Can I drive?- No. - Can I make the sirens work?- No.
0:09:00 > 0:09:02- Can I turn the lights on?- No.
0:09:02 > 0:09:03What can I do?
0:09:03 > 0:09:04You can carry the bags.
0:09:04 > 0:09:06Yes, official bag carrier.
0:09:10 > 0:09:14Jan alone can do ten to 15 emergency call-outs in a day,
0:09:14 > 0:09:16and a new case is just in.
0:09:16 > 0:09:17We've been called to see a lady
0:09:17 > 0:09:20with what's called post-partum bleeding.
0:09:20 > 0:09:22She had a baby a week ago and now she's bleeding.
0:09:22 > 0:09:26Now, that can be very dangerous and can actually be life-threatening.
0:09:26 > 0:09:30'Jan and I rush to the scene and get inside as quickly as possible.'
0:09:30 > 0:09:32Hello.
0:09:32 > 0:09:35'We find the patient, Jade, in a lot of pain.
0:09:35 > 0:09:37'Jan starts treating her while I go to the car
0:09:37 > 0:09:39'to fetch some gas and air.'
0:09:39 > 0:09:40Its medical name is Entonox,
0:09:40 > 0:09:42a mixture of nitrous oxide and oxygen.
0:09:42 > 0:09:44Sometimes people use it
0:09:44 > 0:09:45when they're giving birth,
0:09:45 > 0:09:46but it's a really good way
0:09:46 > 0:09:48of quickly getting someone
0:09:48 > 0:09:51who's in severe pain a little bit more comfortable.
0:09:52 > 0:09:56'I'm quickly back in and Jade is breathing in the soothing gas
0:09:56 > 0:09:58'within seconds.'
0:09:58 > 0:10:01Take as much as you need. Slow, big breaths in.
0:10:01 > 0:10:04'At the moment, it's about bringing Jade's pain levels
0:10:04 > 0:10:06'down to a tolerable level,
0:10:06 > 0:10:09'so she's also given a strong painkiller directly into her vein.'
0:10:09 > 0:10:12All right, we'll see if that helps, cos I want you comfortable
0:10:12 > 0:10:13before we move you.
0:10:13 > 0:10:17I'm not moving you off this sofa until you're pain-free, all right?
0:10:17 > 0:10:21'Jan is monitoring closely exactly how much pain Jade is in.'
0:10:21 > 0:10:23What pain score was you initially
0:10:23 > 0:10:25- if you're a five now?- Ten. - You were ten, initially.
0:10:25 > 0:10:28- I'd say it's about a three. I can control it.- That's brilliant.
0:10:28 > 0:10:31When we arrived, she said her pain was ten out of ten.
0:10:31 > 0:10:33Now it's more like three out of ten,
0:10:33 > 0:10:35so it makes it much easier to get her to the ambulance,
0:10:35 > 0:10:38get her to hospital, which is where she needs to be.
0:10:39 > 0:10:40'Extra help is here.'
0:10:40 > 0:10:43This lady is completely different to when I arrived.
0:10:43 > 0:10:44Aren't you? This is Jade.
0:10:44 > 0:10:47'And Jan's finally happy that Jade's pain is down to a level
0:10:47 > 0:10:51'where she can be comfortably moved into the waiting ambulance.'
0:10:51 > 0:10:53How are you feeling now, Jade?
0:10:53 > 0:10:55It's still there, but I can cope with it.
0:10:55 > 0:10:57- Thanks, Jan, you've been a diamond. - Not a problem.
0:10:57 > 0:11:00- Thanks, guys. All the best then, Jade.- Thanks.
0:11:00 > 0:11:02- You take care, darling.- Cheers.
0:11:02 > 0:11:03In a really short space of time,
0:11:03 > 0:11:07Jan managed to make a massive difference to the amount of pain
0:11:07 > 0:11:08that Jade was in.
0:11:08 > 0:11:10She was very anxious when we arrived
0:11:10 > 0:11:12and Jan managed to calm her down,
0:11:12 > 0:11:15a very difficult thing to do with someone in that much pain.
0:11:15 > 0:11:17By the time she got in the ambulance,
0:11:17 > 0:11:19she was looking much better.
0:11:19 > 0:11:22Jade was treated at the hospital and went home the same day.
0:11:25 > 0:11:26Still to come...
0:11:26 > 0:11:28check out our latest mind-bending trick...
0:11:28 > 0:11:31- Have we bent your mind?- Yeah.
0:11:31 > 0:11:34..learn why some people can roll their tongues...
0:11:34 > 0:11:36Show me.
0:11:36 > 0:11:39And join Chris at work, fighting infectious diseases.
0:11:39 > 0:11:41And I'm about to show you how we do it.
0:11:44 > 0:11:46Let's head back to the emergency department to catch up
0:11:46 > 0:11:48with Erin and her broken finger.
0:11:48 > 0:11:50You can still eat them when they're broken.
0:11:50 > 0:11:53Why would she come to hospital for that?
0:11:53 > 0:11:56Not chocolate fingers, Xand. Erin's broken her actual finger. Remember?
0:11:56 > 0:12:00Oh, yeah. Well, let's see her get fixed.
0:12:00 > 0:12:03Back in Liverpool, five-year-old Erin is in hospital
0:12:03 > 0:12:05with a broken finger.
0:12:05 > 0:12:08It feels a little bit painful.
0:12:08 > 0:12:11Erin was playing with her friends, Lily, Harry and George.
0:12:11 > 0:12:13The boys were trying to stop the girls
0:12:13 > 0:12:15from getting past them on the stairs.
0:12:15 > 0:12:19In the scuffle, Erin's little finger got pulled right back.
0:12:21 > 0:12:24Erin's had her X-rays and now she's on laughing gas.
0:12:25 > 0:12:29- SHE LAUGHS - And it looks like it's working.
0:12:30 > 0:12:33So, Nurse Julia can get to grips with that finger.
0:12:35 > 0:12:39With a couple of gentle tugs, the finger is pulled back into position.
0:12:39 > 0:12:42Thanks to the gas and air, Erin can't feel a thing.
0:12:42 > 0:12:45Do you know what? Your finger is now back alongside the other one.
0:12:45 > 0:12:47They're both together now.
0:12:47 > 0:12:50They are, aren't they?
0:12:50 > 0:12:52With that wonky finger now straight,
0:12:52 > 0:12:54Erin has a second X-ray to check it's all A-OK.
0:12:56 > 0:12:59Nurse Julia is back to deliver the results.
0:12:59 > 0:13:01The orthopaedic doctor is quite happy with that.
0:13:01 > 0:13:03That is good news.
0:13:03 > 0:13:06With her finger fixed, Erin has to return to fracture clinic
0:13:06 > 0:13:08in a couple of weeks with one final check.
0:13:08 > 0:13:11- Nice one, Erin. BOTH:- Bye.
0:13:17 > 0:13:19- Now we're going to mess with your mind...- It's weird.
0:13:19 > 0:13:23..scramble your senses and baffle your brain...
0:13:24 > 0:13:26- BOTH:- In Mindbenders.
0:13:29 > 0:13:30What are you doing?
0:13:30 > 0:13:33For today's mind-bending trick, Xand needs warm facial muscles.
0:13:33 > 0:13:37You ready, Xand? It's quite a complicated vocal procedure.
0:13:37 > 0:13:39The more complicated, the better for me.
0:13:39 > 0:13:41- Now, can you say the word far?- Far.
0:13:41 > 0:13:43Can you say the word bar?
0:13:43 > 0:13:46- Bar.- I think you're ready. - Doesn't seem that complicated.
0:13:49 > 0:13:51This lot are about to get their minds bent.
0:13:51 > 0:13:55We're showing them a video of Xand repeating a word.
0:13:55 > 0:13:59Bar, bar, bar, bar.
0:13:59 > 0:14:01OK, what sound is Dr Xand making?
0:14:01 > 0:14:04- Bar.- Sheep. - Bar, like a sheep, right?
0:14:04 > 0:14:07Like a sheep, OK, yeah. All right, let's watch the next video.
0:14:07 > 0:14:10Far, far, far, far, far.
0:14:10 > 0:14:14- Now what sound is Dr Xand making in that video?- ALL:- Far.
0:14:14 > 0:14:16- Does anyone think he's still saying bar?- No.
0:14:16 > 0:14:18No, he's definitely saying far.
0:14:18 > 0:14:20'Are you ready to play at home?'
0:14:20 > 0:14:23- OK, everyone look at the left. - Look at this one.
0:14:23 > 0:14:26Whilst looking at the left-hand Xand, what word can you hear?
0:14:26 > 0:14:32Far, far, far, far, far, far.
0:14:32 > 0:14:34OK, now who's hearing far?
0:14:34 > 0:14:37You're all hearing far. OK, now everyone look at the right.
0:14:37 > 0:14:40- Bar, bar... - 'Looking at the right-hand Xand,
0:14:40 > 0:14:41'what word can you hear now?'
0:14:41 > 0:14:44Bar, bar, bar, bar.
0:14:44 > 0:14:46Now who thinks it's bar?
0:14:48 > 0:14:51'What if we told you that only one word was being said?'
0:14:51 > 0:14:56- Bar, bar...- 'In reality Xand is only ever saying the word bar.'
0:14:56 > 0:14:58Bar, bar, bar...
0:14:58 > 0:15:01'The Xand on the left is miming the word far.
0:15:01 > 0:15:05'So depending on which Xand you look at, you hear different words...
0:15:06 > 0:15:09'..even though the only word he is saying is bar.'
0:15:09 > 0:15:12- I don't get it. - Have we bent your mind?- Yeah.
0:15:12 > 0:15:14'What do you think is going on?'
0:15:14 > 0:15:17- Sammy.- Is it because that when your brain looks at one of them,
0:15:17 > 0:15:20- it, like, maybe changes it. - Sammy's nailed it.- Yeah.
0:15:20 > 0:15:22That's really good. You're lip-reading, basically.
0:15:22 > 0:15:25So, even when you're hearing a sound,
0:15:25 > 0:15:27you trust your eyes more than your ears.
0:15:27 > 0:15:29What this trick demonstrates
0:15:29 > 0:15:33is the dominance of vision over all your other senses.
0:15:33 > 0:15:37- So, even though the sound you're hearing the whole time is...- Bar.
0:15:38 > 0:15:43- ..when your eyes see Xand's mouth make the shape...- Far.
0:15:43 > 0:15:46..that's what you hear, but the sound hasn't changed at all.
0:15:46 > 0:15:49And what's amazing about this is, it's a video of me
0:15:49 > 0:15:52and I know what sound I was making and I'm still fooled.
0:15:52 > 0:15:54- Mind fent. - I think you mean bent.
0:15:54 > 0:15:56That's what I said.
0:16:10 > 0:16:11Wow!
0:16:18 > 0:16:22We're at a theme park to solve your medical mysteries.
0:16:22 > 0:16:25Xand is preparing the Ouch-mobile for his first patient.
0:16:25 > 0:16:30And Chris is out in the park to answer your burning questions.
0:16:30 > 0:16:31Wow, I'm impressed.
0:16:32 > 0:16:34At the clinic, Xand is open for business.
0:16:34 > 0:16:36Could I have the next patient, please?
0:16:36 > 0:16:38First in is eight-year-old Eliot
0:16:38 > 0:16:41who's had treatment for a curious condition.
0:16:41 > 0:16:44Eliot, what's brought you to the Ouch-mobile today?
0:16:44 > 0:16:47Well, I have yellow and rough hands
0:16:47 > 0:16:49and I did have a pink tongue
0:16:49 > 0:16:52and big red lips.
0:16:52 > 0:16:54What's the diagnosis, Doc?
0:16:54 > 0:16:55Sounds to me like a case of...
0:17:01 > 0:17:02Dr Xand, it's called
0:17:02 > 0:17:04Kawasaki disease.
0:17:04 > 0:17:06It is called Kawasaki disease,
0:17:06 > 0:17:07- isn't it?- Yeah.
0:17:07 > 0:17:09- And it is a real "itis", isn't it? - Yeah.
0:17:09 > 0:17:12So, Kawasaki disease is a very rare disease.
0:17:12 > 0:17:15Only about eight in a 100,000 people get it.
0:17:15 > 0:17:19Kawasaki is serious, but Eliot's recovering well after treatment.
0:17:19 > 0:17:21So, if you look at the palm of Eliot's hand,
0:17:21 > 0:17:23it looks like it's a bit grubby,
0:17:23 > 0:17:24but that's not actually cos
0:17:24 > 0:17:27- your hands are dirty. They're clean.- Yeah.
0:17:27 > 0:17:30What Eliot's got is a thing called desquamation.
0:17:30 > 0:17:31And that means the cells
0:17:31 > 0:17:33on the surface of his skin are dying
0:17:33 > 0:17:36more than in other people's hands,
0:17:36 > 0:17:38and those cells have a chemical
0:17:38 > 0:17:40called keratin. And the keratin,
0:17:40 > 0:17:42as the cell dies, goes yellow.
0:17:42 > 0:17:44How long does it last?
0:17:44 > 0:17:48Normally, it lasts a few weeks, maybe a few months.
0:17:48 > 0:17:51It's quite common for people to have symptoms
0:17:51 > 0:17:53that go on longer than the illness.
0:17:53 > 0:17:56But in the long term, we'd expect you to make a full recovery.
0:17:56 > 0:17:58- Yeah.- Well, thank you very much
0:17:58 > 0:18:02- for bringing Kawasaki disease to the Ouch-mobile.- Thank you.
0:18:04 > 0:18:08Away from the clinic, Chris is Ouch & About in the park.
0:18:08 > 0:18:10Why is it that some people can curl
0:18:10 > 0:18:12their tongue and others can't?
0:18:12 > 0:18:14- So, of you two, who can curl their tongue?- Both of us.
0:18:14 > 0:18:16You both can, show me.
0:18:16 > 0:18:19We're not exactly sure of how it works,
0:18:19 > 0:18:21but it seems to be genetic.
0:18:21 > 0:18:24So, you're born able to do it or not able to do it.
0:18:24 > 0:18:27People who can't do it can never ever learn to do it.
0:18:27 > 0:18:30If you look at your parents, one of them will be able to,
0:18:30 > 0:18:33- that's where you...- Yeah, Dad can, but Mum can't.- Really?- Yeah.
0:18:33 > 0:18:37- OK, so you both inherited it from your dad.- BOTH:- Thank you, Dr Chris.
0:18:37 > 0:18:38It's a pleasure.
0:18:38 > 0:18:40Can I have the next patient, please?
0:18:40 > 0:18:42Back at the Ouch-mobile,
0:18:42 > 0:18:44ten-year-old Izzy's chompers need checking.
0:18:44 > 0:18:47So, Izzy, why have you come to the Ouch-mobile?
0:18:47 > 0:18:49I've got an out-of-place tooth.
0:18:49 > 0:18:52- What's the diagnosis, Doc? - Sounds to me like a case of...
0:18:54 > 0:18:55Tooth-tastic.
0:18:55 > 0:18:58How long have you had the tooth out of place for?
0:18:58 > 0:19:01- About two years. - Can we have a better look at it?
0:19:01 > 0:19:03Can you open the eyelid on the Ouch-cam?
0:19:04 > 0:19:06Now, it's an adult tooth, right?
0:19:06 > 0:19:08Uh-huh.
0:19:08 > 0:19:10Now, does it bother you having the tooth be wonky?
0:19:10 > 0:19:13- Not really.- Do you have any questions about the tooth?
0:19:13 > 0:19:15Why is it wonky in the first place?
0:19:15 > 0:19:17There are all kinds of reasons
0:19:17 > 0:19:18why it might be wonky.
0:19:18 > 0:19:19But one of the reasons is
0:19:19 > 0:19:21that your mouth is too crowded.
0:19:21 > 0:19:22And if your teeth get crowded,
0:19:22 > 0:19:25then some of them get pushed out of the way
0:19:25 > 0:19:26to make room for the others.
0:19:26 > 0:19:28Will it go back naturally or with braces?
0:19:28 > 0:19:30It might go back naturally.
0:19:30 > 0:19:31We don't know with your mouth yet,
0:19:31 > 0:19:33cos you've still got a lot of baby teeth
0:19:33 > 0:19:35and only a small number of adult teeth.
0:19:35 > 0:19:38I think it's most likely that you'd need braces
0:19:38 > 0:19:40to get it back in exactly the correct position.
0:19:40 > 0:19:42- Yeah.- Well, Izzy, thank you very much
0:19:42 > 0:19:47- for bringing your amazing wonky teeth to the Ouch-mobile.- OK.
0:19:47 > 0:19:49Job done for today, clinic closed.
0:19:55 > 0:19:59- Chris, I'm ready!- Ready for what? - To come to work with you today.
0:19:59 > 0:20:01Look, I've got everything I need.
0:20:01 > 0:20:04I've got Mr Grumbles, obviously. He wanted to come too.
0:20:04 > 0:20:07I've got a new pencil case in case we have to go to any meetings.
0:20:07 > 0:20:11- I've got some snacks, cheese straws, Mr Grumbles' favourite.- Xand, Xand,
0:20:11 > 0:20:14- You and Mr Grumbles are not coming to work with me today.- What?
0:20:14 > 0:20:16What are we going to do, then?
0:20:16 > 0:20:18- You're going to go to YOUR work. - What? I'm late!
0:20:20 > 0:20:24Well, Mr Grumbles and Xand may not be coming with me to work today,
0:20:24 > 0:20:26but you are. Time for Investigation Ouch.
0:20:29 > 0:20:32I'm wearing a special suit, but can you guess what it's used for?
0:20:32 > 0:20:34# Space man... #
0:20:34 > 0:20:37Oh, I know! You're going into space.
0:20:37 > 0:20:38No, try again, Xand.
0:20:38 > 0:20:40MUSIC: The Chain by Fleetwood Mac
0:20:40 > 0:20:43OK, I've got it, you're about to drive a Formula One car.
0:20:43 > 0:20:45No, Xand, wrong again.
0:20:47 > 0:20:49How is he doing that with the music?
0:20:49 > 0:20:51Anyway, Xand is wrong.
0:20:51 > 0:20:52This is...
0:20:54 > 0:20:55It's used so that doctors
0:20:55 > 0:20:57and nurses can treat patients with
0:20:57 > 0:21:00serious infections without getting ill themselves.
0:21:00 > 0:21:02I knew that, really.
0:21:02 > 0:21:04Now, you might have seen suits like this on the news
0:21:04 > 0:21:07because of the recent outbreak of a very serious virus
0:21:07 > 0:21:10called Ebola in West Africa.
0:21:10 > 0:21:12These things make the news because they're rare,
0:21:12 > 0:21:14but they're also very serious.
0:21:16 > 0:21:19So, what can we do to stop them in their tracks?
0:21:19 > 0:21:21Well, it's something I'm closely involved in.
0:21:22 > 0:21:26So, this is the lab that I work in when I'm not on Operation Ouch!
0:21:26 > 0:21:29Oh! I've always wanted to see Chris' lab.
0:21:29 > 0:21:31This is my boss, Greg.
0:21:31 > 0:21:33Hi, Greg.
0:21:33 > 0:21:35Hi, Chris. Who's that?
0:21:35 > 0:21:37That is Operation Ouch!
0:21:37 > 0:21:39Hi, Operation Ouch!
0:21:39 > 0:21:42Hi, Greg. Come on, Chris, you've got work to do.
0:21:42 > 0:21:44Now, I study a virus called HIV,
0:21:44 > 0:21:46but scientists like me study all viruses
0:21:46 > 0:21:49using really similar techniques to work out how
0:21:49 > 0:21:54to treat and prevent diseases. And I'm about to show you how we do it.
0:21:55 > 0:21:59An infectious disease like a virus is similar to a burglar
0:21:59 > 0:22:01who's found exactly the right spanner
0:22:01 > 0:22:04to break into your cells' security system and infect them.
0:22:04 > 0:22:06Ha-ha, got you.
0:22:06 > 0:22:08- Scientists like me...- Oi!
0:22:08 > 0:22:12..want to find out which part of the virus spanner unlocks the cell.
0:22:12 > 0:22:14Then we can stop the spanner working
0:22:14 > 0:22:16and create medicine to make people better.
0:22:16 > 0:22:21ALARM RINGS
0:22:21 > 0:22:22To show you how we do it,
0:22:22 > 0:22:26I've created my own infectious disease demonstration.
0:22:26 > 0:22:29I'm going to start with a real virus, but there's something else.
0:22:29 > 0:22:31Now, to understand how viruses work,
0:22:31 > 0:22:34we need to make mutants.
0:22:34 > 0:22:38To make a mutant, I take my original virus and change one thing
0:22:38 > 0:22:41about it by changing the shape of the spanner.
0:22:41 > 0:22:43Today, I'm making two different mutants -
0:22:43 > 0:22:45mutant one and mutant two.
0:22:45 > 0:22:47They are both the same as the original virus.
0:22:47 > 0:22:51Except I've made a different change in each one
0:22:51 > 0:22:55in their spanner to see if that change stops that spanner working.
0:22:55 > 0:22:59I then add each of these samples to healthy human cells to see
0:22:59 > 0:23:01which one is able to infect them.
0:23:01 > 0:23:03OK, so now the moment of truth.
0:23:03 > 0:23:06First, I'm going to show you what uninfected cells look like.
0:23:06 > 0:23:08So, these are healthy cells
0:23:08 > 0:23:09with no virus on them.
0:23:09 > 0:23:12They're nice and stuck down to the plate,
0:23:12 > 0:23:14and there are lots and lots of them.
0:23:14 > 0:23:17Now cells that have been infected with the original virus.
0:23:17 > 0:23:19Can you see? All the cells are clumped up
0:23:19 > 0:23:22and they're floating around, there are fewer of them.
0:23:22 > 0:23:25Then I turn on a special light and the cells glow green,
0:23:25 > 0:23:28which tells me they've been infected by the virus.
0:23:28 > 0:23:30We know this virus is working really well.
0:23:30 > 0:23:33It has exactly the right spanner to get inside these cells
0:23:33 > 0:23:35and infect them and make them sick.
0:23:35 > 0:23:38Time to see what's happened with mutant one.
0:23:38 > 0:23:39Can you see that?
0:23:39 > 0:23:41The cells are floating around.
0:23:41 > 0:23:43And just like the original virus,
0:23:43 > 0:23:44they're all green.
0:23:44 > 0:23:48So, this mutant, the first mutant, still has a working spanner.
0:23:48 > 0:23:51It can get inside those cells and infect them and make them sick.
0:23:51 > 0:23:53Now let's check mutant two.
0:23:53 > 0:23:56They look really healthy and there are lots of them,
0:23:56 > 0:23:58and when we put on the special light,
0:23:58 > 0:24:00none of these cells are green.
0:24:00 > 0:24:05So, the spanner of mutant number two virus is no longer working.
0:24:05 > 0:24:07It's not able to get inside the cells, infect them,
0:24:07 > 0:24:10turn them green and make them go sick.
0:24:10 > 0:24:14So that's great. We've now discovered which bit of the spanner
0:24:14 > 0:24:17is the important bit for getting inside cells.
0:24:17 > 0:24:20Curing a disease doesn't just happen in a day.
0:24:21 > 0:24:24I've given you a demonstration of how we go about it.
0:24:24 > 0:24:27But sometimes it takes a long time to find a right mutation,
0:24:27 > 0:24:31and there are lots of diseases that we still don't understand how
0:24:31 > 0:24:32they infect human cells.
0:24:32 > 0:24:35We don't understand how their spanners work, if you like.
0:24:35 > 0:24:38But research like this has led to some major breakthroughs
0:24:38 > 0:24:41that saved a lot of lives.
0:24:41 > 0:24:43So now you know what fantastic work Chris does
0:24:43 > 0:24:46when he's not on Operation Ouch! Good work, bro.
0:24:50 > 0:24:53- Let's head back to Accident and Emergency...- Go on.
0:24:53 > 0:24:56- ..for another curious case.- Go on.
0:24:59 > 0:25:01Well, in Accident and Emergency,
0:25:01 > 0:25:04- seven-year-old Jago is in with his mum.- Go on.
0:25:04 > 0:25:05I cut my head.
0:25:05 > 0:25:07Right, how did that happen?
0:25:07 > 0:25:10I had my feet on my chair and I fell back.
0:25:10 > 0:25:11Go on.
0:25:11 > 0:25:16I leaned back and because it took a long time to fall I tried to
0:25:16 > 0:25:21lean forwards, but it was heavier than me, so it tilts backwards.
0:25:21 > 0:25:23OK, well, lets find out more.
0:25:26 > 0:25:29Jago and his pal Zander were waiting patiently to play a game of
0:25:29 > 0:25:34squash, but they soon got bored and started climbing on their seats.
0:25:34 > 0:25:37Oh, I bet they were pretending to be mountain goats, Chris.
0:25:37 > 0:25:40Hm, dangerous.
0:25:40 > 0:25:42Or clowning around in the circus.
0:25:42 > 0:25:44Even more dangerous.
0:25:44 > 0:25:46Or maybe they were on a space walk.
0:25:48 > 0:25:50No, Xand. Jago's seat tipped backwards
0:25:50 > 0:25:53- and he bashed his head on the wall. - Ouch!
0:25:53 > 0:25:56And then I started screaming. Ahh!
0:25:56 > 0:25:58Quite dramatic.
0:25:58 > 0:26:00Examining Jago's bashed bonce is
0:26:00 > 0:26:02Dr Helen Stewart.
0:26:04 > 0:26:07First, Dr Stewart does some tests to make sure that Jago's brain
0:26:07 > 0:26:09is functioning correctly.
0:26:09 > 0:26:11Good reflexes, Jago.
0:26:11 > 0:26:14Brain's good, but what about that noggin?
0:26:14 > 0:26:17- Ow!- Sorry that's your hair. I'm just...- That's my hair.
0:26:17 > 0:26:19After some of Jago's hair is removed,
0:26:19 > 0:26:22the doc can finally see the wound.
0:26:22 > 0:26:25That's actually...quite big.
0:26:25 > 0:26:29He's got a cut that's about 1.5cm in length,
0:26:29 > 0:26:32but the edges are quite straight and come together quite nicely.
0:26:32 > 0:26:35So, it's quite deep, so I thought it might need a stitch,
0:26:35 > 0:26:39but actually, we'll probably be able to glue the wound shut.
0:26:39 > 0:26:41There's a red bloody bit there.
0:26:41 > 0:26:43- Nice hair, Jago. - It's like werewolf hair.
0:26:43 > 0:26:47- CHRIS AND XAND:- Werewolf hair? - THEY HOWL
0:26:47 > 0:26:49Stop it.
0:26:49 > 0:26:51Fixing Jago's head is
0:26:51 > 0:26:53Sister Anna Cowlishaw.
0:26:53 > 0:26:56A quick clean and then we'll stick it back together with glue.
0:26:56 > 0:26:58Quick snap for the family album.
0:26:58 > 0:27:00Look away if you're squeamish.
0:27:00 > 0:27:04The edges of Jago's wound are held together and a few spots of
0:27:04 > 0:27:06special skin glue are applied.
0:27:06 > 0:27:08- Has it closed?- You're done.
0:27:08 > 0:27:12Let's have a look. Great job, Sister Anna.
0:27:12 > 0:27:15Jago can go home now and his head will be better in about five days.
0:27:15 > 0:27:17And what has Jago learned?
0:27:17 > 0:27:20Not to climb on the back of a chair.
0:27:20 > 0:27:22Sounds like a really good lesson, yeah.
0:27:22 > 0:27:24- You said it, Mum.- BOTH: Bye.
0:27:24 > 0:27:26Bye.
0:27:29 > 0:27:31Next time on Operation Ouch!
0:27:31 > 0:27:34Find out what you got up to inside your mum...
0:27:34 > 0:27:39This little boy is breathing entirely through his belly button.
0:27:39 > 0:27:41It's sweet grabbing time in Mindbenders...
0:27:41 > 0:27:43Oh, what did you do?
0:27:43 > 0:27:46And learn how your body gets fixed after a burn.
0:27:46 > 0:27:50My little finger, it was actually welded onto this bit here.
0:27:51 > 0:27:53We'll see you next time for more...
0:27:53 > 0:27:54Operation Ouch!
0:27:56 > 0:27:59Did you go anywhere nice on your holidays?
0:27:59 > 0:28:01- Uh-huh.- What have you been up to today, then?
0:28:01 > 0:28:04- MUMBLES:- Going on the rides.
0:28:04 > 0:28:07Just speak a bit more clearly, I can't understand a word
0:28:07 > 0:28:09- you're saying, Izzy. - On the rollercoasters.